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Mrs. Horn
5th Grade
Science
THE PLANETS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM
• Space is full of natural objects- some close to Earth, others very far away
• Objects close to us are part of our solar system
• Main parts of our solar system: the sun and the 8 planets that orbit it
- planet- large round object that travels in a fixed path (orbits) around a star
• A star is a huge ball of hot gases that gives off its own light
• The sun is much closer to us than any other star
• Although the sun is far away, it is close enough for us to feel its heat
• It is also close enough for it to look round and bright
• Planets do not give off their own light; we see them because they reflect sunlight to your eyes
THE SUN- EARTH’S CLOSEST STAR
HOW ARE PLANETS DIFFERENT?• The 8 planets revolve around the sun at different distances
• Each planet takes a different amount of time to make one trip (revolve) around the sun
- Each planet’s year is a different length
- The farther the planet is from the sun, the longer its year
• Each planet takes a different amount of time to rotate on its axis
- Each planet’s day is a different length
• Planets have different amounts of moons
- moon- a natural object that revolves around a planet
- Some planets have no moons (Mercury & Venus); while Jupiter has 63 moons
THE INNER PLANETS
• Mercury, Venus, Earth, & Mars are known as the inner planets.
• They are small and rocky.
• Mercury is the first planet from the sun. (58 kilometers from the sun)
• Day length of 59 Earth days
• Year length of 88 Earth days
• 0 moons
• Mercury’s temperatures rise to 662 degrees F during the day and fall to -274 degrees F at night.
• Mercury has no liquid water and is covered with craters.
MERCURY
• Venus has an average surface temperature of 896 degrees F.
• Venus has no liquid water, and its surface consists of rolling plains and large highlands.
• Venus also has a few volcanoes.
• Its atmosphere is more than 90 times as thick as Earth’s and is made up almost completely of carbon dioxide.
• 108 kilometers from the sun
• Day length of 226 Earth days
• Year length of 243 Earth days
• O moons
VENUS
• Third planet from the sun
• 75 % of the planet is covered by water
• Its atmosphere is made up of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% other gases.
• Earth’s average surface temperature is 68 degrees F.
• Earth is 150 kilometers from the sun.
• Day length is 24 hours
• Year length is 365 days
• 1 moon
EARTH
MARS• Fourth planet from the sun
• Surface temperature ranges from 68 degrees F to -220 degrees F
• Scientists have found some evidence of liquid water once flowing on its surface
• The only water now is frozen as ice near Mars’s poles
• Liquid water may be underground
• Its surface has mountains, valleys, extinct volcanoes, plains, and it spotted with craters
• Known as the Red Planet
- Red color comes from rust-like substances on its surface
- Atmosphere made of carbon dioxide
• 228 kilometers from the sun
• Day length is 24.7 Earth hours
• Year length is 687 Earth days
• 2 moons
MARS CONTD…..
THE OUTER PLANETS
• 4 planets farthest from the sun
• Large and made up mostly of gases
• Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune
• Largest planet
• Thick atmosphere made up mostly of hydrogen and some helium
• Huge red area called the “Great Red Spot”
- A storm that has been raging for hundreds of years
• Surrounded by a thin set of rings
• 779 kilometers from the sun
• Day length of 9.9 Earth hours
• Year length of 11.9 Earth years
• 63 moons
JUPITER
• Second largest planet
• Very thick atmosphere
• Largest set of rings that are made up of bits of ice and rock
• 1434 kilometers from the sun
• Day length of 10.7 Earth hours
• Year length of 29.5 Earth years
• 60 moons
SATURN
• Third largest planet
• Temperature of its clouds is -216 degrees F
• Large amounts of ice
• Set of rings
• Methane gas in its atmosphere give it a greenish color
• Planet’s axis is titled at a greater angle than any other planet
• 2873 kilometers from the sun
• Day length of 17.2 Earth hours
• Year length of 84 Earth years
• 27 moons
URANUS
• Temperature of clouds similar to that of Uranus
• Atmosphere also contains methane gas
• Winds speeds of up to 684 miles per hour
• Fewer rings than Uranus and Saturn
• 4495 kilometers from the sun
• Day length of 16.1 Earth hours
• Year length of 164.8 Earth years
• 13 moons
NEPTUNE