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Ms.Troidl
The Indian Wars
Exlcudes pictures
Ms.Troidl
War for the Plains In 1874 Quannah Parker and 700
Indians attacked a group of hunters The hunters had been killing thousands
of buffalo for their hides The hunters had superior weapons so
they easily won the fight Quannah Parker was wounded in the
shoulder and his horse was killed One of the many battles the Plains
Indians would fight for their land
Ms.Troidl
The Sand Creek Massacre In 1859 100,000 miners were trespassing on land
promised to the Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians What Treaty promised them land? The government tried to negotiate a new treaty
but the Indians knew better and refused to sell their land
Indians attacked wagon trains, stage coaches, and mining camps
Government put together a military force
Ms.Troidl
Sandcreek Massacre Cont.
Nov. 1864 Col. John Chivington led his soldiers in a surprise attack on a peaceful Cheyenne village camped at Sand Creek
Chief Black Kettle waved an American flag and then a white flag of truce, but Chivington attacked.
More than 200 men, women, and children were killed
Ms.Troidl
Reservations 1860’s Indians continued to attack and
settlers continued to ignore the established borders
1867 Congress decided to end the attacks; can you guess what they did?
– Only way was to separate Indians and Settlers
You guessed it! RESERVATIONS!!!!!!! (areas of land set aside for Indian nations.
Ms.Troidl
Reservations
Indians were forced to move on these plots of land
This would totally change the Indians way of life. How?– Could no longer be nomads and hunt the
buffalo– Had to learn how to raise crops– Learn the customs of settlers
Ms.Troidl
Reservations
Ms.Troidl
Red Clouds War 1863 Gold discovered in Montana miners
flocked Miners cut through on Teton Sioux land Angry Teton Sioux attacked trespassing
miners Government built three forts in the area to
protect the traveling miners Red Cloud a strong chief was determined to
protect the Teton Sioux’s homeland
Ms.Troidl
Red Cloud’s War Cont.
He and Crazy Horse led their warriors in repeated attacks on travelers along the trail
After months of fighting and 80 dead soldiers the government abandoned the forts
As soldiers left the forts Red Cloud signed a peace agreement-The Second Treaty of Ft. Laramie
Ms.Troidl
Red Clouds War Continued Although Red Cloud’s War was a
victory for the Plains Indians the treaty he signed was not
It established a reservation for northern Plains Indians located in Montana, Wyoming, and the Dakotas-The Great Sioux Reserve
Ms.Troidl
Red Cloud’s War Cont.
Red Cloud hated to move his people onto a reservation but he was happy with the thought that he had preserved his people’s homeland forever
Does that word forever ring a bell? Do you think the treaty was observed by
the government?
Ms.Troidl
The Battle of Little Big Horn The peace brought by the Second Treaty of
Ft. Laramie was short lived When miners found gold in South Dakota
what do you think happened? You guessed it…the miners invaded the
boundaries of the Sioux and Cheyenne’s hunting ground
Angry warriors attacked mining camps and so the government sent the Army to fight
Ms.Troidl
Battle of Little Bighorn Cont.
June 25 1876 General Custer led his men to war
He ignored his scout who said they were way outnumbered and pushed on
Sioux and Cheyenne warriors led by Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse, Two Moons, and Lame White Man defeated General Custers army and it would later be known as CUSTER’S LAST STAND!
Ms.Troidl
Battle of Little Big Horn Cont.
It was a great victory for the Indians however it would be their last
Before a year had past most of the Sioux and Cheyennes had been defeated in battle or had moved onto reservations
Crazy Horse was captured and murdered Sitting Bull escaped to Canada with a few followers
Ms.Troidl
Chief Joseph’s Retreat Nez Perce Indians-French for Pierced Noses They were under pressure from settlers to leave their land Most signed a treaty and moved to a reservation Four young Nez Perce refused to go and killed four white settlers Their Chief, Chief Joseph, wanted to avoid war at all costs
Ms.Troidl
Chief Joseph’s Retreat He led 800 men, women, and children
on an amazing retreat for 3 and a 1/2 months and almost 2,000 miles
Their goal was to reach Canada and join Sitting Bull
Traveled with honor; they paid for supplies and did little harm to settlers
Do you think that they made it????
Ms.Troidl
Chief Joseph’s Retreat Cont. They might have made it all the way had they not
stopped to rest 40 miles from the border Federal troops caught up with them On a bitterly cold day Chief Joseph, surrendered.
He told the soldiers:– “I am tired of fighting. My heart is sick and sad.
From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever.”
The Nez Perce were
sent to Oklahoma
Ms.Troidl
Geronimo By 1881 most Indians were living on reservations Except for a small group of Apaches who were
determined to hold onto their freedom Led by Geronimo the band roamed the mountains
of Arizona and New Mexico Government soldiers tracked the group closely but
it took them five long years to capture the group By 1886 Geronimo’s group had declined from about
150 to a few dozen men, women, and children.
Ms.Troidl
The End of the Indian Wars When Geronimo’s group finally
surrendered in 1886, a generation of Indian wars ended.
The group moved onto a reservation and Geronimo was imprisoned for two years and lived the rest of his life in exile in Florida and Oklahoma
Ms.Troidl
The Ghost Dance Religion Indians feeling defeated and depressed Living on reservations and in poverty Forced to accept a new way of life Looking for a miracle=New Religion
Danced, chanted, and prayed Wanted relatives, friends, and buffalo to come back to life
Ms.Troidl
Death of Sitting Bull Do you remember where he fled to? Came back and joined Ghost Dance Rel Govt. tried to talk him into banning the religion but he
refused So they arrest him Police surrounded his house in ND and told him he was
under arrest At first he agreed to go with them but changed his mind A scuffle followed and he was killed along with 7
followers and 6 policemen
Ms.Troidl
Massacre at Wounded Knee Alarmed by the death of their Chief Sitting
Bull’s followers fled Near Wounded Knee Creak they met the
Seventh Cavalry Troops decided to disarm the Indians when
all of a sudden someone fired and nervous soldiers fired into the group
150 Indian men, women, and children and 25 soldiers lost their lives
Ms.Troidl
It was much like this massacre. Do you remember this one?
BOSTON MASSACRE
Ms.Troidl
Reformers People were finally waking up to the
tragic situation of the Native Americans The govt kept on breaking promises Eventually both Indians and whites
began to call for reform Helen Hunt Jackson was a huge
reformer who wrote books and spoke out to try to stop the injustice
Ms.Troidl
The Dawes Act Some believed that the only way to help
the Plains Indians was to convince them to adapt to American culture
So congress passed the Dawes Act– Ended tribal ownership of land and gave
each family a plot of land
Do you think the Indians liked this?Why or why not
Ms.Troidl
Failure of the Dawes Act Families assigned plots of land but they didn’t
want to farm What did they want to do? Plus they were given the poorest farmland available
so they had to rely on weekly food rations from the govt
Because they had never had land before they did not realize how much it was really worth
Settlers cheated them out of money by buying it for less
Ms.Troidl
Changes on the Great Plains
Indians confined to reservations Buffalo nearly extinct Railroads reach westward across the
continent Cattle ranchers and farmers are soon to
come and with them came new ways of life
Ms.Troidl
Ghost Town in Montana
Do you remember why this became a ghost town?
Ms.Troidl
The Machine Invasion
Ms.Troidl
The Invasion of the Settler
Ms.Troidl
Answer the following questions using your notes Define reservations. What was the Dawes Act? What happened at the Sand Creek Massacre? Who won Red Cloud or the Government? Where was Custer’s last stand? What group of Indians was Chief Joseph the
leader of? What Chief led his people on a huge retreat and
was later captured? In what religion do they dance and chant in order
to bring back the dead? What act gave the Plains Indians individual plots
of land?