COLLEGE OF NURSING, MADRAS MEDICAL COLLEGE, CHENNAI-03

LESSON PLANON

NON PROJECTED AIDSSUMMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

DR.R.LAKSHMI MSC (N), P.HD, MRS.S.JAYASHREE, PRINCIPAL, MSC NURSING I YEAR,MRS.G.SHANTHI MSC (N), COLLEGE OF NURSING,MRS.V.JAYANTHI MSC (N), MADRAS MEDICALCOLLEGE,MRS.P.SAVITHRI MSC (N), CHENNAI-03.LECTURER,COLLEGE OF NURSING, MADRAS MEDICAL COLLEGE,CHENNAI-03

Institution Name : College of nursing, Madras medical college

Program : M.Sc., Nursing I year

Subject : Nursing education

Unit : III

Topic : Non projected aids

Venue : Seminar Hall, MMC

Student teacher : Mrs.S.Jayashree

Participants : Msc nursing 1 year students

Date :

Methods of teaching : Lecture cum discussion

Audio Visual Aids : Black Board, Roller board, Power point, Charts, Flannel board, hand out, pamphlet

Evaluator : Mrs.P.Savithri Msc (N) lecturer

Central objective:

Help the students to gain in depth knowledge about non projected aids and to develop desirable attitudes and skills in

teaching learning process, while teaching the stunts in the classroom setting as well as clinical settings.

Contributory Objectives:

At the end of the class the student will be able to:

1) define the term audio visual aids

2) illustrate the classification of audio visual aids

3) narrate the importance of audio visual aids

4) state about non projected aids

5) enlist the classification of non projected aids

6) explain about graphic aids

7) describe about display boards

8) enumerate about three dimensional aids

9) expound the role of non projected aids in the field of nursing education

INTRODUCTION

For many years, educators have theorized about how the human brain and the memory function during the

communicative process. There is general agreement about certain theoretical factors that seem pertinent to

understanding the use of instructional aids.

During the communicative process, the sensory register of the memory acts as a filter. As stimuli are

received, the individual's sensory register works to sort out the important bits of information from the

routine or less significant bits. Within seconds, what is perceived as the most important information is

passed to the working or short-term memory where it is processed for possible storage in the long-term

memory. This complex process is enhanced by the use of appropriate instructional aids that highlight and

emphasize the main points or concepts. The working or short-term memory functions are limited by both

time and capacity. The effectiveness of the instructional aid is critical for this process. Carefully selected

charts, graphs, pictures, or other well-organized visual aids are examples. Ideally, instructional aids should

be designed to cover the key points and concepts. In addition, the coverage should be straightforward and

factual so it is easy for students to remember and recall. SI.NO

TIME CONTRIBUTORY OBJECTIVES

CONTENT TEACHERS ACTIVITY

LEARNERS ACTIVITY

AV AIDS EVALUATION

1 2 mints

Define the term audio visual aids

Audio visual aids: An Audio-Visual is an instructional device in which the message can be heard as well as seen

An Audio-Visual Aids are those sensory objects or images which initiate or stimulate and reinforce learning. “Burton”

Audio visual aids are any device which can be used to make the learning experience more concrete, realistic and dynamic. “kinder S. James”

AV aids are those aids which help in completing the triangular process of learning, motivation, clarification and stimulation. “Carter V. Good”

explaining Listening Roller board

Define audiovisual aids

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2 2 mints

Illustrate the classification of audio visual aids

classification of audio visual aids: Can be classified into different ways:• Simple and Sophisticated aids • Audio, Visual and Audio Visual

aids • Electronic and Non electronic • Projected and Non Projected aids.• Big media and little media• Three dimensional aids

Explaining Listening Chalk board Illustrate the classification of audio visual aids

3 2 mints

Narrate the importance of audio visual aids

Importance of audio visual aids:Enable the audience to look and learn improve and make teaching effective. Make learning interesting and profitable.Quicken the phase of learning To get students to use the knowledge at the beginning stages To promote greater student active participation They can be used at all levels of learning Helps in improving & making teaching effective

explaining listening chart Narrate the importance of av aids

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4 2 mints

State about non projected aids

Non projected aids:Non projected aids are those aids which in teaching learning purpose without using any projected materialsEg : charts ,models,graphs etc

explaining listening Roller board

State the term non projected aids

5 2 mints

Enlist the classification of non projected aids

Classification of non projected aids:

Graphic aids Display boards 3 dimensional aids

Cartoons Black board DiagramsCharts Bulletin ModelsDiagrams Flannel board Mock ups Flash cards Magnetic board ObjectMaps Pee board Specimen Photographs Roller boardPictures Posters Graphs BookletsPamphletLeafletFlip charts

explaining listening chart Enlist the classification of non projected aids

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6 10 mints

Explain about graphic aids

GRAPHIC AIDS: CHARTS

DEFINITION: Charts are graphic teaching material including diagrams, posters, pictures, maps and graphs.PURPOSES:• It serves as an illustrative visual media.• It depicts logical relationship between

main idea and supporting facts.• It is a useful in a teaching situation• It is useful in showing point of

comparisonPRINCIPLES: self-explanatory Captioned in bold letters. High light contrasting features with

different colors. Large enough and least size-50*70 cm

chart paper TYPES OF CHARTS : Narrative chart Cause and effect chart Chain chart Evolution chart Strip tease chart Pull chart Flow chart Flip chart etc

explaining listening Flannel board

Explain about graphic aids

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ADVANTAGES:• Helpful in attracting student’s attention.• Conveys information in a condensed

form.• Presents information efficiently.• Cheap and easily available

.DISADVANTAGES:• It is fully understood only by a literate

and small group of people and maintenance is difficult.

GRAPHS AND DIAGRAMS

DEFINITION:Graphs and Diagrams are visual teaching

aids for presenting statistical information and constructing the trends or changes of certain attributes. It has a powerful impact on imagination of people.PURPOSES:• Becomes simple and meaningful• Forms an impression• Stimulate varieties and give more

information to the learner.• Is very intensive and economical.

.

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PRINCIPLES:• Use true class intervals on the horizontal

line.• The vertical and horizontal axis should be

equal in length.• The graphs should be clearly labeled and

a key should be given.• All columns should be same width • Use contrast colors• Write with capital letters on a charts and

simplicity in labeling should be there.

TYPES OF GRAPHS AND DIAGRAMSGRAPHS TYPES:• Histogram.• Frequency polygon.• Frequency curve.• Line chart or curve.• Cumulative frequency curve or olive.• Scatter or dot diagram.

Diagrams types:• Bar diagram• Pie or sector diagram /pictogram or spot

map.

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ADVANTAGES:• Graphs make presentation of quantitative

data. Simple way.• Pictorial graphs have a popular appeal to

children Promotes correlation of information

DISADVANTAGES:• Suitable for small audience.• Many representations are difficult to

follow.• Concentration is needed and too many

slices in the pie it become confused.

BOOKLET, LEAFLET, PAMPHLET

DEFINITIONS:BOOKLET: A booklet is a small book with a cover page

LEAFLET: A leaflet is simple sheet carrying helpful information on useful themes on one or both of its sides.

PAMPHLET: A pamphlet is printed material consisting of only a few pages about a specific topic.

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PURPOSES:• Basic information to the topic and

additional knowledge are provided.• Reinforces learning and increased

retention of contents.• Effective mass media and learning aid at

any age.

PRINCIPLES: Should center on a single concept and

should be logical sequence.• Writing be based on readable level.• Should create interest, attractive and

objective is based on need of the population.

ADVANATAGES: Individualized learning. High efficiency and easy to transport Commonly and constantly availably. Allow self-spacing.\

DISADVANATGES Some may throw it out. Storing is found to be difficult Demands good typing and no group

dynamic is encouraged. Limited feedback Can’t be used for illiterate person.

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FLASH CARDS: DEFINITION: Flash cards are set of pictures with suitable captions or a write up prepared on any theme.

PURPOSES: Used to attract a group’s attention. Convey in a sequential manner. Supplementary aid in education

.TYPES:• Plain, laminated ,synthetic flash cards• Made of heavy cloth and prepared form

old tins or metal cans.

ADVANTAGES: Inexpensive easily transport Handmade form local materials and holds

attention of the audience

DISADVANTAGES:• Effectiveness is influenced by way of

presentation.• Spoil if made of paper and cannot be used

for big audience

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PURPOSES:• Basic information to the topic and

additional knowledge are provided.• Reinforces learning and increased

retention of contents.• Effective mass media and learning aid at

any age.

PRINCIPLES: Should center on a single concept and

should be logical sequence.• Writing be based on readable level.• Should create interest, attractive and

objective is based on need of the population.

ADVANATAGES: Individualized learning. High efficiency and easy to transport Commonly and constantly availably. Allow self-spacing.\

DISADVANATGES Some may throw it out. Storing is found to be difficult Demands good typing and no group

dynamic is encouraged. Limited feedback Can’t be used for illiterate person.

SI.N TIME CONTRIBUTORY CONTENT TEACHERS LEARNERS AV AIDS EVALUATION

O OBJECTIVES ACTIVITY ACTIVITY7 10

mintsDescribe about graphic aids

Black Board:

DEFINITION:• It is any dark colored, flat, smooth surface

on which one can write or draw with chalk.

• It is one of the oldest and simplest visual aids.

ADVANTAGES:• Simple to use with little practice.• Economic & reusable.• Easily avoidable & can be used any time.• Encourages active doing & seeing on part

of the audience.• Mistakes can be easily erased.

DISADVANTAGES:• Written material cannot be preserved.• Cannot be used for large audience.• Requires imagination, initiation, practice

& preparation.

explaining listening model Describe about graphic aids

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BULLIETIN BOARD: DEFINTION: It is a display board, which shows learning materials on a specific subject, which is informational and has educational value.

PURPOSE:• Motivate the learner.• Broaden sensory experiences and provide

specific information, save time and correlates instruction .

TYPES:felt ,magentic, peg, plastic and soft board

MATERIALS: Board- soft board, straw board or cork board. Dimension- 1.5 mm *2mm size.\

ADVANTAGES:• Less expensive and stimulates interest of

the student.

DISADVANTAGES:• Creativeness is requires and one person

has to take responsibility of display board

SI.N TIME CONTRIBUTORY TEACHERS LEARNERS AV AIDS EVALUATION

O OBJECTIVES ACTIVITY ACTIVITY ROLLER BOARD

DEFINITION:• It is a type of chalk board made up of

flexible and soft material . It is lighter than chalk board and can be folded and rolled easily.

ADVANTAGES:• Easy to carry anywhere, use at anytime

and anywhere • Useful for small groups and less cost and

preparation done before the class.

DISADVANTAGES: Used for small groups and cannot write

more contents.

8 8 mints

Enumerate about three dimensional aids

THREE DIMENSIONAL AIDS: MODELS:

DEFINITION:A model is a life size miniature or an oversize replica of the object to be studied.TYPES :Models are physical, conceptual, working and non-working models.PREPARATION:Articles needed: Clay, painting material, brush, adhesive material.

Explaining listening Power point

Enumerate about three dimensional aids

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PRINCIPLES:• Size – life size or larger and stimulate

interest • Represent the internal and external parts.• Modeling structure and function – viewer

to comprehend better

METHODS:• China clay is used to prepare.• Left out for 4 to 5 days. Dry parts joined

with one another to for a model and painted with fabric poster colors. At last it should be labeled and fixed on the cardboard.

ADVANTAGES:• Makes learning meaningful and direct.• Illustrate application principle and laws • Explain complete and makes

comprehension easier.

DISADVANTAGES:• Some models are difficult to make and

need expertise to make.• Expensive and lot of time to make • Handled carefully

SI.N TIME CONTRIBUTORY CONTENT TEACHERS LEARNERS AV AIDS EVALUATION

O OBJECTIVES ACTIVITY ACTIVITY SPECIMEN:

DEFINITION:• Specimen is a part of an object. It may be

sample that shows quality or structural of the actual.

PRINCIPLES:• Direct real life experiences and should

enable the viewer to comprehend better.• Stimulate interest and direct experience

with reality.

USES:• Clear cut images, concrete experience,

motivates students to learning and stimulates discussion.

ADVANTAGES:• Conveys different meanings and correct

initial concepts and clear cut images.• Stimulates reflective thinking and further

enquiry.

DISADVANTAGES:• Collecting specimens may prove difficult• Specialized skills in preserving specimens• Needs proper handling

Expensive preserving agents

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MOULAGE: It is made up of plastic material to stimulate some life in Objects. (eg) – body which shows the evidence of trauma , Infection , surgical intervention

MOCK UPS: It emphasizes the functional relationship between the device reality and its workability. Certain element of the original reality is emphasized to make it more meaningful for the purpose of instruction.In common usage, a mockup is a scale model of a structure or device, usually used for teaching, demonstration, testing a design, etc.Mockups are also used in the Consumer goods industry, as part of the product development process, when the size, impression and/or artworks have to be tested and approved.Mockup is also a frequently used term when talking about an early layout or sketch of a Web site or GUI program. Ex: An artificial kidney to demonstrate dialysis.

FIUPS

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MUSEUM: DEFINITION:A museum is a building displaying a collection of historical relics, antiques, curiosities, works of arts, works of science, literature and other artifacts of general interest.Museums can be useful both for public education and specific class room instructions.

SETTING UP MUSEUM:

o School should have enough spaceo Take the help of students, collect old and

new objects and articleso Accept donations from various

organizations who donates the articleso Students can be guided to prepare the

exhibitso All the collected and prepared articles

should be displayed and labeledo A detailed report book should be

maintained giving a brief description of each museum pieces

o The museum rooms should be well lightedo It should be cleaned and maintained

timely.

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ti DIORAMA:

DEFINITION:A diorama is a three dimensional arrangement of related objects, models, and cut outs to illustrate a central theme or concept.The objects and models are generally placed in a big box or show case with a glass covering and background printed with a shade or a scene. Ex: a harvest scene, a planting scene etc.ADVANTAGES: Provide a good opportunity to learn It gives the appearance of actual

things which can not be brought to the class room

Interesting and enhance creativity Live things also  can shown in

diorama ex: aquarium Provides students to do project

worksDISADVANTAGES: sometimes cost effective, Needs expatriation  for the preparation,   Require budget

       Sometimes it may misguide the

student if is not the replica of actual thing.

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9 2 mints

Expound about the role of non projected aids in nursing education

ROLE OF NON PROJECTED AIDS IN NURSING EDUCATION:

1. Non projected aids and equipments appeal to our senses and open better avenues to learning. It has been rightly observed that the senses gateways to all knowledge.

2. Non projected aids materials because of their sensory appeal enable us to perceive information in better way and increase the retention span of learning.

3. Non projected aids the realities of our world to classroom and make learning purposeful.

4. Non projected aids make abstract ideas contract and their understanding is facilitated.

5. Non projected aids make learning quicker in this age of knowledge-explosion.

6. Non projected aids materials are economical in the long turn because of their repeat values and coverage of large number of students.

7. Non projected aids supplement the teacher and are used as complementary aids to normal

explaining listening Flip chart Expound about the role of non projected aids in nursing education

classroom teaching for reinforcing the spoken and written words.

SUMMARY:

So far we have discussed about non projected aids, its classification, advantages and disadvantages

of each aid and the role of non projected aid in nursing education.

CONCLUSION: Ideally, instructional aids should be designed to cover the key points and concepts. In addition, the

coverage should be straightforward and factual so it is easy for students to remember and recall. Non

projected aids are useful aids for teaching learning process.

.

ASSIGNMENT:Write an assignment on role of non projected aids in nursing education

EVALUATION: Marks-25

Time- 1 Hour

I. Essay type 1X10=10

Define non projected aids, describe various types of non projected aids

II. Short notes 3X5=15

a. Write about graphic aidsb. Explain about display boardc. Describe about three dimensional aids

BIBLIOGRAPHY:-

1)B.T.Bavantappas “Nursing Education”, first edition, 2003, Jaypee brothers’ publication, New Delhi.page no: 286-290

2) Francis M. Quinn’s ”The principles and practice in nursing education”, third edition, 1997, Stanley thrones publications ltd., United Kingdom. page no:150-159

3) Loretta E. Heidgerken’s” Teaching and Learning in Nursing Education” twelfth impression, 2003, Konark publishers ltd, Delhi. Page no: 122-128

4) KP,Neeraja’s “Text book of Nursing Education” first edition,2003, Jaypee brothers medical publishers, Delhi, page no: 208-215

5) Web site: Adrom audio visual aids.

6) WEB : Google search