Multi-Protocol Label Switching Technology for Next Generation Internet

1999. 9. 2.

ETRI

Switching & Transmission Technology Research Laboratory

Chu-Hwan Yim

2APNOMS ‘99

Topics

Internet - Current Status

Current Internet - What is the Problem?

MPLS(Multi-Protocol Label Switching) Technology

3APNOMS ‘99

Internet Topology - USA

http://www.caida.org/Presentations/IEPG.9808/outline-1.html

A Picture designating the real connection state of USA’s internet.

4APNOMS ‘99

Internet Connection in Korea

5APNOMS ‘99

Telecom Service Forecasting in Korea

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Telephony

ISDN

PC Comm.

CATV

Internet

Source: ETRI TM - KII Strategy

Subscribers (Unit: 10,000)

6APNOMS ‘99

Internet Traffic (USA)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Total VoiceIPVoIP

Source: ATM Year’98 AT&T

Terabyte/day

Rapid Growth of Internet Traffic

New Internet ServicesIP Voice, FaxIP-VPN

New TechnologyDWDM, ADSLTerabit Router

7APNOMS ‘99

Average Duration of Internet Calls

Source: ISS’97

4

13.4

28.9

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Internet Metered

Rate

InternetFlat Rate

Average Holding Time (min.)

Voice Call

8APNOMS ‘99

Internet Hop Distance

http://www.caida.org/Presentations/IEPG.9808/outline-1.html

- Average 15 Hops- the main cause of Internet Delay

9APNOMS ‘99

Internet Loss & Response Time(North America)

Average 6%

Average 280 ms

PacketLoss

ResponseTime

10APNOMS ‘99

Internet Loss & Response Time(Europe)

Average 8%

Average 400 ms

PacketLoss

ResponseTime

11APNOMS ‘99

Internet Loss & Response Time(Asia)

Average 18%

Average 590 ms

PacketLoss

ResponseTime

12APNOMS ‘99

VoIP(Voice over IP) Delay

InternetPSTN

(Modem)

PC-to-PC Architecture

InternetPSTN PSTN

GWGW

Gateway ArchitecturePSTN

(Modem)

100~210 msec

30~100* msec

70~110 msec

30~100* msec

170~500 msec

*Case of measured link delay at Chicago-California(2000 miles).

140~460 msec

Hard to reduce below 100msecof End-to-End delay.

Total delay is dominated by sound card and modem delay(100~430msec).

13APNOMS ‘99

VoIP Quality Characteristic

Loss

Delay

5%

20%

10%

100ms 150ms 400ms

TollQuality

Good

Potentiallyuseful

A

B

C

DN

IEEE Network Jan/Feb 1998

N: The present quality limitation of VoIPA: Case of insufficient buffer on the path (high loss, low delay)B,C: Case of suitable buffer on the pathD: Case of sufficient buffer on the path (low loss, high delay)

Required below 7% of loss and below 120msec of delayfor reasonable voice quality.

14APNOMS ‘99

Internet Networking Issues

QoS VPN High-Speed Low Cost

- Admission control- Traffic shaping- Scheduling

- CUG- Reliability- Network management- Billing

- Performance- Scalability

- Low Cost . Equipment . Operation

IP over ATM

IP over SDH/WDM

IP over ? (MPLS ?)

15APNOMS ‘99

Requirements of Internet

VPN(Virtual Private Network)Reduction of Teleco cost (Leased Line, Remote Access) Reduction of INTRANET construction cost(RAS, PABX)

CoS(Class of Service)To meet the users’ requirements in delay and lossTo support various types of traffic in the same network

FlowsTraffic engineering

16APNOMS ‘99

MPLS and INTERNET

Appropriate for Internet BackboneEasy to implement VPN

less processing overhead than router-based VPN

Support of CoS strict QoS support easy to support ‘Differentiated Service’

Traffic Engineering Aspects Path-level traffic control Dynamic Bandwidth allocation

17APNOMS ‘99

MPLS Motivations

Simplify integration of ATM and IP

Offer both ATM and native IP services in a single

network

Offer benefits of traditionally found only in Level 2

networks directly to IP - Traffic Engineering, VPNs

Address major network scalability challenges

Permit graceful evolution of routing and services

18APNOMS ‘99

MPLS extends traditional IP in the following areas:

Simplified ForwardingBased on labels instead of longest prefix-match

Efficient Explicit RoutingRoute is specified once by source at path setup time

Traffic EngineeringSplit traffic load over multiple parallel or alternate routes

QoS RoutingSelect routes based upon QoS requirements

19APNOMS ‘99

MPLS Network Architecture

Label Edge Router (LER)

Label Edge Router (LER) MPLS Control Component MPLS Control Component

Label Switch Router (LSR)

Label Switch Router (LSR)

ATM Switch Fabric ATM Switch Fabric • Full-function Layer 3 routers• Label Binding based on FIB

• Switching on Label• Label swapping

LER

MPLS Domain

LER

20APNOMS ‘99

LER LSR LSR LER

ATM/FR/Ethernet

IProuting

IProuting

IProuting

IProuting

IProuting

IProuting

End System End System

MPLS Network

Routing at Layer 3, Forwarding at Layer 2

MPLS Domain

ATM/FR/Ethernet

ATM/FR/Ethernet(Switch or

Router)

ATM/FR/Ethernet(Switch or

Router)

ATM/FR/Ethernet(Switch or

Router)

ATM/FR/Ethernet(Switch or

Router)

21APNOMS ‘99

MPLS Components and Protocols

ATM, FR, Ethernet, SONET

LDP

Per-label Forwarding, Queuing, Multicasting

Label Information Base (LIB)TCP/IP

CR-LDPUnicastRouting

MulticastRouting(PIM)

TrafficEngineering

DifferentalServices

QoS(RSVP)

VirtualPrivate

Networks

Separation allows flexibility

Simple label-swapping paradigm

Multiple Control Planes can manipulate labels

Various applications can directly manipulate label binding

22APNOMS ‘99

MPLS Benefits

Integration of IP and ATM

New services and capabilities for IP VPNs

Traffic Engineering

Flexibility in the delivery of new routing services

Scalability

23APNOMS ‘99

Premium Internet Access Service1.5~155Mbps, CoS Selection and QoS Guarantee Service

Service for business user, Value-added items

High-speed Internet Access (1 or 2 Hops in a network)High-speed Net. Server Access

Portal Server, IP/CP Server, E-business, Cyber Mall

High-speed access to International Gateway Node

VPN Service

High-speed IP-TV Broadcast Service

Role of LER as PoP and GigaPoP

MPLS Internet Premium Service : Super - ISP Service

24APNOMS ‘99

ISP Backbone ServiceNSP Service for national ISPsBackbone Access Service for regional ISPsCommon Int’l Gateway with Caching

Internet Traffic Exchange Service between ISPsRole of Network Access Point

Peering ServiceService agreement between ISP and NSPBi-, Multilateral peering

Additional Routing Server SupportPolicy-based routing, BB(Bandwidth Broker), RA(Routing Arbiter)

MPLS Internet Backbone Service : Super - NSP Service

25APNOMS ‘99

New Services are Driving the Need to Scale IP Networks

• Packet Forwarding• Packet Filtering• Policing• IP Flow Classification• BGP Peering• IGP Scaling• Multicast Scaling• Policy Scaling• Virtual Routing

MPLS:Multiservice IP +

ATM

Source: NGN’98

26APNOMS ‘99

Driving Force in IP Networking

Source: NGN’98

MPLSMultiservice

Network

Network Management

New IP Services

Traffic Management

Traffic Engineering

CoS, QoS andDifferential Services

Directory Service

Security

Intranets

Extranets

Intelligent DataNetwork

Scalable Multicast

Carrier-Class WAN Backbone with Quality IP