Multi-scale fluid flow modellingMulti-scale fluid flow modellingin fractured rocks in fractured rocks

for exploitation of geothermal for exploitation of geothermal energyenergy

ResearchResearch project projectStarting Starting meetingmeeting

János ViszkokTrondheim, September 3, 2008

- Hungarian call for application of EEA and the Norwegian Financial Hungarian call for application of EEA and the Norwegian Financial Mechanism Mechanism --

Priority Area 9Priority Area 9 - Academic research - Academic research

1. Project proposal

Promoter and Promoter and partnerspartnersProject promoter : Central Geo Ltd.

• Mine surveying for petroleum industry• Property, right of possession• Geodesy • Damage management, re-cultivation, re-compensation• Geothermal energy (R&D)

Non- supported partners:University of Szeged, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Kaposvár, Institute of Diagnostics and Radiation Oncology Geological Survey of Norway

Scientific BoardHead: János Viszkok

Members: Tivadar M. Tóth, Tamás Földes

Bjorn Frengstad Fridtjov Ruden

Executive manager

József Bukor

PROJECT-TEAM

Financial & accounting manager

Zoltán Iván Administration

ManagementManagement

Budget:Budget: Total budget: € 727,852 (HUF 200.16 million)

• non-refundable support: € 436,711 (HUF 120.096 million)

• Central-Geo share € 291,141 (HUF 80.064 million)

• The proposal was submitted on 25 September, 2006 The proposal was submitted on 25 September, 2006 (The starting date was planned to 1. June, 2007)(The starting date was planned to 1. June, 2007)

• Accepted at the end of November, 2007 in HungaryAccepted at the end of November, 2007 in Hungary• Supported by Norwegian evaluator in March, 2008Supported by Norwegian evaluator in March, 2008• Approved on 13 June, 2008 by Norwegian Ministry of Foreign AffairsApproved on 13 June, 2008 by Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Delay causedDelay caused• BureaucracyBureaucracy• Change in the original partners (NIVA)Change in the original partners (NIVA)•Improvement in working programImprovement in working program (Johan Knudsen) (Johan Knudsen)

The Project has started on 1 August, 2008 The Project has started on 1 August, 2008 and will be completed on 31st March, 20and will be completed on 31st March, 201111..

Timing:Timing:

Section I: Data collectionSection I: Data collectionStart up: 2008.05.02. Start up: 2008.05.02. Completion: 2008.07.31. Completion: 2008.07.31. duration: 3 monthsduration: 3 monthsBudget: 65,731 EURBudget: 65,731 EURCollection and control of available data from selected Hungarian and Norwegian part Collection and control of available data from selected Hungarian and Norwegian part areas, setting up of the geological database. Structuring the geological conception areas, setting up of the geological database. Structuring the geological conception models. models.

Section II: Additional petrological tests Section II: Additional petrological tests Start up: 2008.06.01. Start up: 2008.06.01. Completion: 2008.10.31. Completion: 2008.10.31. duration: 5 monthsduration: 5 monthsBudget: 129,185 EURBudget: 129,185 EURPlanning, execution, interpretation and up-scaling of additional (micro) petrological Planning, execution, interpretation and up-scaling of additional (micro) petrological examinations (CT, thin micro section) on sample areas. Adjusting the results into the examinations (CT, thin micro section) on sample areas. Adjusting the results into the geological models.geological models.

Section III: Re-interpretation of macro data on sample areasSection III: Re-interpretation of macro data on sample areasStart up: 2008.06.01. Start up: 2008.06.01. Completion: 2008.09.30. Completion: 2008.09.30. duration: 4 monthsduration: 4 monthsBudget: 42,276 EURBudget: 42,276 EURRe-interpretation and down-scaling of macro data (seismic section, orto-photos) on Re-interpretation and down-scaling of macro data (seismic section, orto-photos) on sample areas. Adjusting the results into the geological models. sample areas. Adjusting the results into the geological models.

Section IV: Development of fracture simulation softwareSection IV: Development of fracture simulation softwareStart up: 2008.08.01. Start up: 2008.08.01. Completion: 2009.02.28. Completion: 2009.02.28. duration: 7 monthsduration: 7 monthsBudget: 101,549 EURBudget: 101,549 EURDevelopment of fracture simulation software, testing with data from Norwegian Development of fracture simulation software, testing with data from Norwegian sample areas, application of test results on Hungarian sample areas.sample areas, application of test results on Hungarian sample areas.

Section V: Creation of geological and evolution historical models Section V: Creation of geological and evolution historical models Start up: 2008.09.01. Start up: 2008.09.01. Completion: 2009.04.30. Completion: 2009.04.30. duration: 8 monthsduration: 8 monthsBudget: 72,822 EURBudget: 72,822 EURReconsideration of data from part areas, creation of geological and evolution historical models, their Reconsideration of data from part areas, creation of geological and evolution historical models, their comparative analysis.comparative analysis.Section VI: ExaminationsSection VI: ExaminationsStart up: 2008.08.01. Start up: 2008.08.01. Completion: 2008.11.30. Completion: 2008.11.30. duration: 4 monthsduration: 4 monthsBudget: 124,229 EURBudget: 124,229 EURExamination of fluid inclusions, hydro-geochemical comparative examinations, hydrodynamic CT tests under Examination of fluid inclusions, hydro-geochemical comparative examinations, hydrodynamic CT tests under pressure.pressure.Section VII: Local modellingSection VII: Local modellingStart up: 2008.10.01. Start up: 2008.10.01. Completion: 2009.03.31. Completion: 2009.03.31. duration: 6 monthsduration: 6 monthsBudget: 52,593 EURBudget: 52,593 EURApplication of results of CT tests under pressure, hydrodynamic analysis of layer examinations, modelling of Application of results of CT tests under pressure, hydrodynamic analysis of layer examinations, modelling of well and well-surrounding local hydrodynamics. well and well-surrounding local hydrodynamics. Section VIII: Regional numeric flow and heat transport simulationSection VIII: Regional numeric flow and heat transport simulationStart up: 2008.12.01. Start up: 2008.12.01. Completion: 2009.06.30. Completion: 2009.06.30. duration: 7 monthsduration: 7 monthsBudget: 32,458 EURBudget: 32,458 EURCreation of numeric models by the application of geological conception models, parameterization, and Creation of numeric models by the application of geological conception models, parameterization, and definition of constrains, installation of local models, creation of local-regional relations. Calibration, drawing definition of constrains, installation of local models, creation of local-regional relations. Calibration, drawing up the scenarios, feedback, interpretation of results.up the scenarios, feedback, interpretation of results.Section IX: Summary of experiences obtained on sample areasSection IX: Summary of experiences obtained on sample areasStart up: 2009.02.01. Start up: 2009.02.01. Completion: 2009.09.30. Completion: 2009.09.30. duration: 8 monthsduration: 8 monthsBudget: 92,687 EURBudget: 92,687 EURSummary of experiences obtained on sample areas, elaboration and verification of algorithms, technology of Summary of experiences obtained on sample areas, elaboration and verification of algorithms, technology of modelling fractured flow systems, economic analysis.modelling fractured flow systems, economic analysis.Section X: PR activitiesSection X: PR activitiesStart up: 2008.05.01. Start up: 2008.05.01. Completion: 2009.12.31. Completion: 2009.12.31. duration: 20 monthsduration: 20 monthsBudget: 14,321 EURBudget: 14,321 EURA continuous activity that includes the creation and maintenance of the web site, publications, participation at A continuous activity that includes the creation and maintenance of the web site, publications, participation at conferences and workshops, organization of popular presentations and other scientific results.conferences and workshops, organization of popular presentations and other scientific results.

291 141436 711727 8522008.12.31.2008.05.01Total

5 7288 59314 321202008.12.31.2008.05.0110. PR activities

37 07555 612 92 68782009.12.31.2009.02.01.

9. Summary of experiences obtained from sample areas, formation and verification of algorithms, technology of modelling fractured flow systems, economic analysis

12 98319 47532 45872009.06.302008.12.01.8. Regional numerical flow and heat transport

simulation

21 03731 55652 59362009.03.312008.10.017. Analysis of layer examinations, hydrodynamic

modelling of well and of well surroundings

49 69274 537124 22942008.11.31.2008.08.01.

6. Fluid inclusion examinations, comparative hydro-geochemical examinations, hydrodynamic CT examinations under pressure

29.12943.69372.82282009.04.31.2008.09.01.

5. Re-interpretation of data from part areas, formation of geological, evolution historical models, comparative analysis.

40 62060 929101 54972009.02.28.2008.08.01.

4. Development of fracture simulation model, verification on Norwegian sample areas, application of test results on Hungarian sample areas

16 91125 36642 27642008.09.302008.06.013. Re-interpretation of macro data (seismic section,

orto-photos) on sample areas, down-scaling

51 67477 511129 18552008.10.312008.06.01

2. Planning, execution, interpretation, up-scaling of additional lithological (micro) examinations (CT, micro-sections), installation of results into the geological models

26 29239 43965 73132008.07.312008.05.02.1. Data collection

Own contribu

tion

GrantTotalMonthCompletionStart-upSections

2008 May 2008 June 2008 July2008 August

2008 September

2008 October

2008 November

2008 December

2009 January

2009 February

2009 March 2009 April 2009 May 2009 June 2009 July2009 August

2009 September

2009 October

2009 November

2009 December

1 Formation of rock frame/fracture modelsa - collection of available data from selected

Hungarian sample areas, completion of geological database

b - collection of available data from selected Norwegian sample areas, completion of

geological databasec - Planning, execution, interpretation and up-

scaling of additional (micro) petrological examinations (CT, thin micro section) on sample areas. Adjusting the results into

the geological models.d - Re-interpretation and down-scaling of

macro data (seismic section, orto-photos) on sample areas.

e - Development of fracture simulation software, testing with data from Norwegian

sample areas, application of test results on Hungarian sample areas

f - Reconsideration of data from part areas, creation of geological and evolution historical models, their comparative

analysis

2 Creation of hydrodynamic models on sample areas

a - fluid inclusion examinations, comparative hydro-geochemical tests

b - hydrodynamic CT tests under pressurec - analysis of layer examinations, modeling

of well and well-surrounding local hydrodynamics

d - Regional numeric flow and heat transport simulation

3 Comparative analyses, technological development

a - Summary of experiences obtained on sample areas

b - results of up- and downscaling, elaboration and verification of algorithms

c - modelling technology of fractured flow systems

d - economic analysis

4 PR activitiesa - creation and maintenance of web-siteb - publicationsc - conferences, workshopsd - other scientific results

Goals

fromfrom GOL (grant offer letter)GOL (grant offer letter)

Project indicatorsProject indicators

10

Number of created 3D models

Identification and structure geological interpretation of fracture events, formation of 3D fracture model

1000 ha0

Extent of the newly surveyed area

Examination of fracture networks on different sample areas of the Great Plain

50Number of explored thermal wells

Exploitation and utilization of geothermal energy and thermal water

Project specific objectives

12 %9-10 %

Contribution of tourism to the GDP in Hungary

Improvement of Hungary’s tourism attractions and increase of income of the tourism industry

2,5 %3 %

Annual expenses for environment protection in the proportion of the GDP

Mitigation of damage of natural environment (air, soil, water)

8 %3,6 %

Proportion of energy from renewable sources in the total energy consumption

Promotion of sustainable development on the field of power management

Overall objectives

Target valueInitial valueIndicatorsObjectives

Project indicatorsProject indicators

10Number of reportsAccomplishment of economic analysis

10Number of technologies developed

Modelling technology of fractured flow systems

10Number of simulations accomplished

Regional numeric flow and heat transport simulation

30Number of CT examination accomplished

Hydrodynamic CT examinations under pressure

300Number of examination accomplished

Fluid inclusion examinations, hydro-geochemical comparative examinations

20Number of models createdFormation of geological and evolution models

52Number of software module developed

Development of fracture simulation software modules

400200Number of lithological examination accomplished

Planning and accomplishment of lithological examination (CT, thin-sections)

20Number of geological databases created

Completion of geological databases

Target value

Initial value

IndicatorsResults

2. Multi-scale fracture flow concept

PreliminariesPreliminaries

1. Heat mining activity is determined by simultaneous availability of • appropriate original pressure conditions,• dynamic water reserves in large quantities (porous and fractured media), • high geothermal gradient(, which are especially favourable in Hungary).

2. Cost of drilling increases the demand of decreasing the risk of the research.

3. The cost and the effect on the environment of conventional energy increases the claim and the profitability of renewable energy.

To get deeper insight into the rock to detect and/or To get deeper insight into the rock to detect and/or predict the fracture system and the fluid movement in it.predict the fracture system and the fluid movement in it.

Using Norwegian experiments on fracturing and fracture flow in basement Using Norwegian experiments on fracturing and fracture flow in basement rocks, which are similar to those in the basement of Great Hungarian Plain rocks, which are similar to those in the basement of Great Hungarian Plain

and determining experimental rules for fracture flow.and determining experimental rules for fracture flow.Or fracture flow rules establishedOr fracture flow rules established in micro-scale convert to meso-scale and in micro-scale convert to meso-scale and

validate it on Norwegian geothermal fieldsvalidate it on Norwegian geothermal fields

Main idea:Main idea:

Fracture systemFracture system

Faults : fractures with throw Tension Fractures :without throw

Relationship with Sedimentology : link fracturation / rock stiffness

link fracturation / layer thickness link fracturation / lithologyGeological and tectonic history: (diagenesis, dissolution, ...)

LagalayeLagalaye

FracturingFracturing

• Multiple scales Horizontal Vertical Throw– Seismic faults 500 m - 10 km 100 m - 1 km 10 m - 500 m– Sub-seismic faults 100 m - 1 km 50 m - 500 m 0 - 20 m– Fracture corridors 10 m - 1 km 10 m - 100 m # 0 m– «Fractures» or «Joints» 1 cm - 10 m 1 cm - 10 m 0 - 1 m– Micro-fracturation 1 mm - 1 cm 1 mm - 1 cm 0

• Mechanisms of formation– Tension (Joint) Open fractures if direction parallel to present principal stress direction – Shearing (Faults) Due to a displacement non perpendicular to object planes– Compression - Dissolution Barriers in general

(Stylolithes, deformation bands,...)

LagalayeLagalaye

Nested network of discontinuitiesNested network of discontinuities

on different magnitudeon different magnitude Scale effectScale effect

Detection of micro-fracturing

• Conventional thin section• Fluid inclusion by Tivadar M. Tóth• CT measurements by Tamás Földes

The scale effect on conductivity (K)The scale effect on conductivity (K)

KirályKirály

Chain of scale and missing linkChain of scale and missing linkScale:Scale:

Micro scale:Micro scale:

„„handsize”handsize”

Well/field scale:Well/field scale:

„„missing scale”missing scale”

Regional scale: Regional scale:

PPetrological examinationsetrological examinations / light microscope/ light microscopefluid inclusionfluid inclusion with heating tablewith heating table

Fracture distribution in 3DFracture distribution in 3D / Computed Tomography / Computed Tomographyand texture and flow-testand texture and flow-test

Flow propertiesFlow properties / well-test, pumping/slump-test, / well-test, pumping/slump-test, production-test production-test

Rock propertiesRock properties / well logging/ well logging

Flow propertiesFlow properties / interference test/ interference test

Fracture network modelingFracture network modeling / deduction / deduction

Local faultsLocal faults / field work, seismic interpretation/ field work, seismic interpretation

Regional faultsRegional faults / air photo/ air photo

Fracture flow modelingFracture flow modeling / deduction/scenario / deduction/scenario

thin sectionthin section

corecore

wellwell

pool/fieldpool/field

prospectprospect

Relationship of different scales: up and down-scaling techniquesRelationship of different scales: up and down-scaling techniques

Hierarchized flow

SizeSize

Fracture flow Fracture flow hierarchizationhierarchization

ViszkokViszkok

KirályKirály

• Micro-scale: thin section and fluid inclusion study (Szeged Univ.)

• Well-scale: well-logs, well-test, core -> CT measurements (Kaposvár Univ)

• Field-scale: interference study, fracture modeling, heat and fracture flow modelingMezősas-W & Jánoshalma - abandoned fractured HC reservoirs in the basement of Great Hungarian Plain (CG) Norwegian geothermal field („B” plan: air-photos) (NGU)

Using Norwegian (analogues) experience of fracturing and fracture flow for covered

Hungarian geothermal reservoirs.

• Basin-scale: air-photos, seismic line, heat and fracture flow modeling (CG)

Fracture descriptionFracture description

Experimental sites

• Mezősas West field• Jánoshalma field• Norwegian geothermal field (air photos)

Proposed methodology

• Data gathering• CT measurements• Fluid inclusion• Well: Well-log, well-test, interference test• Field, Basin: Seismic line and air-photo interpretation• Fracture modeling• Fracture flow and heat modeling• Up/down scaling for fracturing

3. Discussion

• Team making• Suggestion on research project (keep in mind)

– collection and control of geological data from selected Hungarian and Norwegian areas

– execution of tests and interpretation of results– development software and models for predicting geothermal sites (?!)– production of research papers, based on the work and publication in scientific

journals– sharing information and using the project for teaching– management and publicity

• Norwegian site• Time schedule• Information flow• Dissemination

– Publication,

– Conference,

– Internet: MFF home-page