Multicultural Counseling Applied to Vocational Rehabilitation

8/6/2019 Multicultural Counseling Applied to Vocational Rehabilitation

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Rehab 206: Psychological and Social Aspects of Disability

Presentation

Written and Edited by Michele E. Salas



What is Multiculturalism?y The word culture can be interpreted broadly, and can be associated

with a racial or ethnic group as well as will gender, religion, economicstatus nationality, physical capacity or disability, and affectional or

sexual orientation.y Multiculturalism is a generic term that indicates any relationship

between and within two or more diverse groups.y The multicultural perspective in human-service education takes into

consideration the specific values, beliefs, and actions conditioned by aclients ethnicity, gender, religion, socioeconomic status, political

views, sexual orientation, geographic region and historical experience with the dominant culture.y Multiculturalism provides a conceptual framework that recognizes the

complex diversity of a pluralistic society, while at the same timesuggesting bridges of shared concern that bind culturally differentindividuals to one another.

Issues and Ethics in the Helping Profession by GeraldCorey, Marianne Schneider Corey and Patrick Callanan



Disability as a Culture: The

Independent Living MovementSocial Movements as the Beginning

y Civil Rights: Awareness of rights

y

Consumerism: Distrust of seller or service providery Self-Help: variety of self help interest group which are

intended to exercise control over their own lives andservices

y

Demedicalization/Self Care:T

he assumption thatindividuals can and should take greater responsibility for their own health and medical care. Concerned

with that too many social problems and life conditionsare being unnecessarily medicalized.

Independent Living: From Social Movement to Analytic Paradigm by Gerben DeJong



Disability as a Difference:

A Feminist Perspectivey In her book The Rejected Body she defines disability as a

form of difference, recognizing that both stigma and beingthe Other are aspects of the social oppression of people

with disabilities.y Difference is a more general concept than Otherness or

stigmatization

y Wendell additionally argues that it is important not toassume that people with disabilities identify with all others who have disabilities or share a single perspective ondisability (or anything else), or that having a disability isthe most important aspect of a persons identity of socialposition

The Rejected Body by Susan Wendell



Symbolic Meaning of Illness and

Disabilities- The Othery When we make people Other, we group them

together as the objects of our experience instead of regarding them as subjects of experience with whom

we might identify, and we see them primarily assymbolic of something else- usually, but not always,something we reject and fear and project onto them.To the non-disabled, people with disabilities and

people with dangerous or incurable illnessessymbolize, among other things, imperfection, failureto control the body, and everyones vulnerability to

weakness, pain, and death. Susan Wendall

The Rejected Body by Susan Wendall



Flight From the Rejected Body:

Disciplines of Normalityy .. the body is idealized and objectified to a high

degree; these cultural practices foster demands to

control our bodies and to attempt to perfect them, which in turn create rejection, shame, and fear inrelation to both failures to control the body anddeviations from body ideals. Susan Wendell




Susan Wendell on The Social

Construct of Disabilityy There is a distinction between the biological reality of a

disability and the social construction of a disability thatcannot be made sharply, because the biological and the

social are interactive in creating disability.y They are interactive not only in that complex interactions

of social factors and our bodies affect health andfunctioning, but also in that social arrangements can makea biological condition more or less relevant to almost any

situation.y Wendall calls the interaction of the biological and the

social to create (or prevent) disability the socialconstruction of disability.




Models of Disability: Chapter 2Intervention Strategies guided by these models:

y Biomedical Model: The model with standardized objectivediagnoses and relieves society of any responsibility for PWDs

y Environmental Model: Prejudice and discrimination are not aninherent aspect of a disability. The environment both social andphysical can cause, define, or exaggerate disability

y Functional Model: Theorizes that the functions of theindividual inf luence the definition of disability.

y Sociopolitical Model: Is also referred to as the Minority GroupModel or the Independent Living Model.* This model includesprejudice and discrimination as causal factors of disability andadvocates for civil rights rather than charity or pity.

Disability, Society, and The Individualby Julie Smart



Multiculturalism as Psychosocial

Inclusion for PWDs: Facts on PWDs

as a Minorityy In 1999, the National Center for the Dissemination of

Disability Research indicated that ethnic minority persons have both higher rates of work disability andhigher rates of severe disability

y

Demographic projections have indicated that the size of the ethnic minority population is increasingly rapid

Correlates of Multicultrual Counseling Competenciesof Vocational Rehabilitation Counselors (Bellini, 2002)



The Current Context of

Multiculturalism in the VR System

(The Absence of)y Advocates of the multicultural perspective maintain

that traditional counseling approaches and techniques

have generally been ineffective when used with racialand ethnic minority individuals and that graduatetraining programs in counseling do not provideadequate training in multicultural issues to ensurethat counselors have sufficient multiculturalawareness, knowledge, and skills to provide effectiveservices to these individuals.

Correlates of Multicultural Counseling Competencies of Vocational Rehabilitation Counselors (Bellini, 2002)



Multiculturalism Competence:

Professional TrainingFirst Developed by Derald Wing Sue and collegues

in 1982 helped focused attention on

multiculturalismy Domain 1: Counselor Awareness of Own Cultural

Values and Bias

y Domain 2: Counselor Awareness of Clients Worldview

y Domain 3: Culturally appropriate InterventionStrategies

Strategies and Techniques for CounselorTraining Based on

the Multicultural Counseling Competencies by Patricia Arredondo and G. Miguel Arciniega



Domain 1: Counselor Awareness of

Own Cultural Values and Bias A. W ith respect to attitudes and beliefs, cultur ally competent counselors:1. Believe that cultural self-awareness and sensitivity is essential.2. Are aware of how their own cultural background and experiences have influenced

attitudes, values, and biases about psychological processes.3. Are able to recognize limits of their multicultural competencies and expertise

B. W ith respect to knowledge, cultur ally competent counselors:1. Have specific knowledge about their own racial and cultural heritage and how it personally

and professionally affects their definition of normality/abnormality and the process of counseling.

2. Possess knowledge and understanding about how oppression, racism, discriminationsaffect them personally and in their work.

3. Posses knowledge about their social impact on others.

C . W ith respect to sk ills cultur ally competent counselors:1. Seek out educational, consultative, and training experiences to improve their

understanding and effectiveness in working with culturally different populations.2. Constantly seeking to understand themselves as racial and cultural being and are actively

seeking a nonracist identity.

By Derald Wing Sue and Patricia Arredondo



Domain 2: Counselor Awareness of

Clients Worldview A. W ith respect to attitudes and beliefs, cultur ally competent counselors:1. Are aware of their negative and positive emotional reactions towards other racial and

ethnic groups that may prove detrimental to the counseling relationship.They are willingto contrast their values with those of their culturally different clients in a non-judgmentalfashion.

B. W ith respect to knowledge, cultur ally competent counselors:1. Posses knowledge about the particular client group with whom they are working.

2. Understand how race, culture and ethnicity may affect personality formation, and vocational choices.

3. Understand about sociopolitical inf luences that impinge on the lives of racial and ethnicminorities.

C . W ith respect to sk ills, cultur ally competent counselors:1. Familiarize themselves with relevant research regarding mental health that affect various

ethnic and racial groups.2. Become actively involved with minority individual outside the counseling setting so that

their perspective of minorities is more than an academic or helping exercise.




Domain 3: Culturally appropriate

Intervention Strategies A. W ith respect to attitudes and beliefs, cultur ally competent counselors:1. Respect clients religious and spiritual beliefs and values, including attributions and

taboos.2. Value bilingualism and do not view another language as an impediment to counseling.

B. W ith respect to knowledge, cultur ally competent counselors1. Are aware of institutional barriers that prevent minorities from using mental health

services.2. Have knowledge of the potential bias in assessment instruments and interprets findings

in a way that recognizes the cultural and linguistic characteristics of clients.3. Have knowledge of family structures, hierarchies, values, and beliefs from various cultural

perspectives.

C . W ith respect to sk ills, cultur ally competent counselors1. They are not tied to only one method or approach to helping but recognize that helping

styles and approaches may be culture bound.2. Take responsibility for interacting in the language requested by client and, if not feasible,

makes appropriate referrals.3. Have training and expertise in the use of traditional assessment and testing instruments.




Incorporation: Benefits of

Multiculturalismy Taking small steps toward creating all-inclusive

multiculturalism has the potential to enable substantialpositive, organization-wide change, particularly through

the development of feeling of inclusion and high-quality relationship across difference.

y In an all-inclusive, multicultural environment,organizations and clients can create workplaces in whichthey feel safe to innovate, knowing that their unique

experience and contributions are valued.y Such relationships create a host of positive outcomes for

individuals, organizations, and even the communities in which they are embedded.

Unlocking the Benefits of Diversity by Stevens,Plaut, and Sanchez-Burks



Scenerio: Application to the

Psychosocial Adaptation ProcessPositive

y Antecedent: Counselor Culturally Competent

y Process: Participating Consumery Outcome: Successful Case Closures

Negative

y Antecedent: Counselor Limitation to Multiculturalism

y Process: Isolated Consumer

y Outcome: Unsuccessful Case Closures

Documents

Multicultural Counseling Applied to Vocational Rehabilitation