Multiple Intelligences

In Theory and Practice

What is it?

Howard Gardner

•Harvard–Eric Erikson

•MACOS– Jerome Bruner

•Project Zero–Frames of Mind

What is Intelligence?

"An intelligence is the ability to solve problems, or to create products, that are valued within one or more cultural settings."

--Howard Gardner, Frames of Mind

The Super Seven•Linguistic•Logical/Mathematical

•Musical•Bodily-kinesthetic •Visual-Spatial•Interpersonal •Intrapersonal

7 Kinds of Smart• word smart• numbers smart• pictures and

images smart• sound smart• physical smart• patterns in nature

smart• other people

smart• self smart

Possible Additions•Yes

–Naturalistic

•Maybe–Existential

•No–Spiritual–Moral

Linguistic

•Reading•Writing•Listening•Speaking

Logical/Mathematical

•Working with Numbers

•Mathematical thinking–Patterns

•Logic–Deductive– Inductive

Musical

•Listening to music

•Creating music

•Mentally repeating info

Visual-Spatial

•Visual Images•Spatial Dimensions

•Mental imagery

•Pictorial Representation

Kinesthetic•Drama

–Role-Play•Dance & Movement

•Manipulatives•Physical Education

Interpersonal•Cooperative learning

•Multicultural Education

•Service Learning

•Conflict management

Intrapersonal•Self-directed

learning•Emotional

intelligence•Self-esteem

exercises• Journal

writing

Naturalist

•Observing natural phenomenon

•Smelling, seeing, touching, tasting

Existential

•Exploring the “Big Questions” in life–Meaning–Relevance–Purpose

The New Nine• Linguistic• Logical/

Mathematical• Musical• Kinesthetic • Spatial• Interpersonal • Intrapersonal • Naturalist• Existential

A Mnemonic Device

Applications to Education

•Balanced curriculum

•Interdisciplinary units

•Authentic Assessment

•Apprenticeships

Issues/Problems•Is Gardner’s criteria adequate?

•Does the model hold up?

•Is there empirical evidence?

•Is the theory being misinterpreted or misapplied?

Works Consulted• Armstrong, Thomas. Seven Kinds of Smart :

Identifying and Developing Your Multiple Intelligences. New York: Plume, 1999.

• Gardner, Howard (1983; 1993) Frames of Mind: The theory of multiple intelligences, New York: Basic Books.

• Gardner, Howard (1999) Intelligence Reframed. Multiple intelligences for the 21st century, New York: Basic Books.

• McKenzie, Walter. The One and Only Surfaquarium <http://surfaquarium.com/MI/inventory.htm >

• Smith, M. K. (2002) 'Howard Gardner and multiple intelligences', the encyclopedia of informal education, <http://www.infed.org/thinkers/gardner.htm. >