Muscular System: Functions · Muscular Dystrophy •The muscular dystrophies (MD) are a group of more than 30 genetic diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

DISEASE AND DISORDER

1.05 Understand the functions and

disorders of the muscular system

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Bell Work

• Define:

• Atrophy

• Dystrophy

• Hypertrophy

• Muscle Tone

• Muscle Contractions



2

Standards-Diagnostic Medicine

• 12) Outline the in-depth normal structure and

function of the musculoskeletal, digestive, and

cardio-respiratory systems, specifically as they

relate to diagnostic medical imaging. Review

directions, planes, and sections of the body in

order to perform diagnostic imaging procedures.

Summarize appropriate medical text(s) in order

to list signs and symptoms of common diseases

and disorders associated with each system.



3

Objectives

• Explore various diseases and disorders

associated with the muscular system’s

failure to develop or function properly

through a group research project.



4

Fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia is a disorder characterized by

widespread musculoskeletal pain

accompanied by fatigue, sleep, and

depression.

1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system5

In general, treatments

for fibromyalgia include

both medication and

self-care. The emphasis

is on minimizing

symptoms and

improving general

health. No one

treatment works for all

symptoms.

Most common in

women

Hernia

Occurs when an organ

protrudes through a

weak muscle.

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Common sites for hernias

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Constipation

Excess stress

on muscles/

peritoneum

Pregnancy

Some causes of hernias

1.05 Understand the

functions and disorders

of the muscular system

8

Incarcerated hernia (strangulated)

If you aren't able to push the hernia in, the loop of intestine can be trapped

(incarcerated) in the abdominal wall. An incarcerated hernia can lead to a strangulated

hernia, which cuts off the blood supply to your intestine. Surgery is needed to repair

the hernia and restore blood supply to the bowel. A strangulated hernia can be life-

threatening if it isn't treated.

Signs and symptoms of strangulated hernia include:

Nausea, vomiting or both

Fever

Rapid heart rate

Sudden pain that quickly intensifies

A hernia bulge that turns red, purple or dark



9

Muscle Spasms or Cramps

(Involuntary hypertonicity)

Sustained contraction of the muscle.

Long periods of exercise or physical labor, particularly in

hot weather, may lead to muscle cramps (overuse). Can

be caused by dehydration or poor circulation. Some

medications and certain medical conditions also may

cause muscle cramps.

1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 10

Muscular Dystrophy

• The muscular dystrophies

(MD) are a group of more than

30 genetic diseases

characterized by progressive

weakness and degeneration of

the skeletal muscles that

control movement.

• Muscle cells deteriorate.

1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

11

Muscular Dystrophy


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There is NO cure.

Only the symptoms are treated.

Lifespan is shortened.

Myasthenia Gravis(autoimmune disorder)

• Myasthenia gravis (my-us-THEE-nee-uh GRAY-vis) is

characterized by weakness and rapid fatigue of any of

the muscles under your voluntary control.

• Myasthenia gravis is caused by a breakdown in the

normal communication between nerves and muscles.

• There is no cure for myasthenia gravis, but treatment

can help relieve signs and symptoms.



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Occurs more often in women than in men

Strain• Muscle strain or muscle pull or even

a muscle tear implies damage to a muscle or its

attaching tendons.• Rest the strained muscle and apply ice for the first few days after the injury. Anti-

inflammatory medicines also help reduce pain and swelling. As the pain decreases, you can

use heat on the muscle. Stretching and light exercises to bring blood to the injured area can

also be useful. In general, stretching and warm compresses are helpful before exercises.

Cooling down and icing the area after exercise can help.


15

Think “T”

for tear

Tetanus (lockjaw)

• Serious bacterial disease that affects your

nervous system, leading to painful muscle

contractions, particularly of your jaw and neck

muscles. Tetanus can interfere with your

ability to breathe and, ultimately, threaten

your life.


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Enters the body through a puncture wound

The disease can be prevented by receiving

a vaccine called tetanus antitoxoid.

Tetanus

Thanks to the tetanus vaccine, cases of

tetanus are rare in the United States

There is NO CURE!

Group Activity-A&P

• Work with a partner to answer the

questions on your worksheet concerning

Muscular Dystrophy.

• You will have to research on the website:

www.mda.org

• Make sure to answer all the questions,

including the case study questions.

• Use this information to create a PPT.

• Include pictures/graphics.18

http://www.mda.org/

Individual Activity

• Continue working on your Crossword

Puzzle from yesterday!



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Documents

Muscular System: Functions · Muscular Dystrophy •The muscular dystrophies (MD) are a group of more than 30 genetic diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration