THIS CHAPTER 0VERALL• 2 SECTIONS:
• Ottomans Build Vast Empire
• Cultural Blending
• (we won’t cover the 3rd section)
• MAIN IDEAS
• Empire Building (as always)
• Cultural Interaction (blending & diffusion)
• Power & Authority (where does it come from?)
• Geography (as always)
SECTION 1: OTTOMANS BUILD VAST EMPIRE
• SETTING THE STAGE: We are now looking at a vast empire begun in Chapter 10, one of the largest the world would ever, or has, seen.
• We are dropped into history at around 1300 (what’s going on elswhere in the world then?)
• KEYS:
• Byzantine Empire (a legacy of the Eastern Romans) is declining.
• Anatolia (modern-day Turkey), was slowly uniting and rising as a militaristic people. Here we go.
TURKS MOVE INTO BYZANTIUM
• Anatolian Turks saw themselves as Ghazis
• Osman, well he had Ottomans. And he had a son named Orkhan I who declared himself Sultan.
• 1361, Ottomans captured Adrianople…. But…
• Then came Tamerlane (Timur the Lame), who halted the Ottomans. When he went off to China looking to expand, things happened.
• THEN, in 1453, Mehmet II, conquered Constantinople! Why was this such a huge thing for “The West”?? (Lesson/quiz)
• Renamed it………….
PRIMARY DOCUMENT EXERCISE
• Your text has an excerpt of a primary document, “The Conquest of Constantinople.” Read it, and write a sentence or two on what you think of it.
• Then, read THIS. Write 2-3 more sentences on your thoughts after reading this.
SELIM THE GRIM KEEPS IT GOING
• Mehmed’s grandson, well he conquers Mecca & Medina (a big deal), and Cairo. Wow. All in the early 1500’s
• Please know where these cities are.
SULEYMAN THE LAWGIVERAKA “THE MAGNIFICENT”
• 1494-1566
• His hats were off the charts
• Reigned over empire at its maximum size. His armies made it in 1526 almost to the gates of Vienna. This is a scary story for Europeans. Extremely rare live footage
• Now shalt thou feel the force of Turkish arms…Which lately made all Europe quake for fear.’ (Christopher Marlowe) Read MORE
• Had a great Navy! Great military overall…
• What do his laws and law code remind you of?
• According to Europeans, was he a good guy? Let’s learn more about him and the fort of Rhodes…..
RANDOM (BUT FASCINATING) HISTORICAL THOUGHT: THE EFFECT OF WEATHER UPON HISTORY
• George Washington’s Army in New York City…… fog, Battle of Long Island, 1776
• Spanish Armada…. A Protestant Wind…. 1577
• Charles XII, Napoleon, & Hitler invade Russia, 1707, 1812, 1941
• Hailstorms spark the French Revolution, 1789
• Divine wind (kamikaze) saves Japan from the Mongols, 13th century
• Sea Breezes (and Themistocles) save Western Culture...Thanks for that. 480 BC
• Sunshine over Hiroshima, and clouds over Kokura, but not Nagasaki, 1945
OTTOMAN EMPIRE AT IT’S HEIGHT
• Empire reaches its limits (from last slide). Belgrade, Tripoli, more
• He (Suleyman) became the most powerful monarch on earth!
• Highly Structured Social Organization
• Law Code
• Devshirme
• Janissaries
• Freedom of Religion (was this true elsewhere? (what’s a MILLET)
• Cultural Flowering. Who is SINAN??
EMPIRE DECLINES SLOWLY
• They all do. Who is the most powerful empire in the world now? When will they decline, and why? (You can use history to predict the future).
• So much for primogeniture….
• So much for brotherly love…. Yikes.
• How’d they come up with this practice? Does this have any parallels in other cultures??
CULTURAL BLENDING: SAFAVID EMPIRE
• What is “cultural blending” in the abstract? STOP! Think of an example (other than the Safavid Empire)
• Is cultural blending good, or bad?
CAUSES OF CULTURAL BLENDING/DIFFUSION
NAME THEM!
• Migration
• Religious freedom/conversion
• Trade
• Conquest
• Bad Directions/lost at sea (you get lost and wind up somewhere else….. Forever)
• Any others?
RESULTS OF CULTURAL BLENDING/DIFFUSION
Can lead to changes in:
LANGUAGE
RELIGION & ETHICS
STYLES OF GOVERNMENT
RACIAL/ETHNIC BLENDING
ART & ARCHITECTURE
REALLY?
• I hate to be negative here, but isn’t all cultural blending some form of war/violence/power struggle?
BUILDING EMPIRE; FUN, AND NOT SO FUN, FACTS
• Were Shi’ite
• Squeezed between 2 empires (Ottoman and Mughal). Ask me about Otto von Bismarck here….
• Isma’il becomes SHAH of Iran, the first Shah of the Safavid Dynasty 1499
• Not so much on the religious tolerance…. To say the least
• The wars between the Safavid (Shi’a) and the Ottoman empire (Sunni) defined the border of Iraq and Iran as it is today!
SAFAVID GOLDEN AGE, 1587-1747
Shah Abbas, took throne in 1587
REFORMS: Name them now!
NEW CAPITAL: Esfahan
ART: Great Chinese influence
CARPETS:
THIS EMPIRE DECLINES QUICKLY THIS TIME
• Sound familiar?
• They all do. Who, again, is the most powerful empire in the world now? When will they decline, and why?
• So much for primogeniture….
• So much for brotherly love…. Yikes.
• How’d they come up with this practice? Come ON. Does this have any parallels in other cultures??
MINI RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT!
• Choose 1 of the following topics and use your research skills (whatever you have) to write a brief historical essay
• The Effect of Weather on History
• The Rise and Fall of a Great Power. Pick an empire we HAVEN’T studied! Describe where it came from, how it rose, and why it fell, and why this story is all too familiar.
• Cultural Blending. Find a significant example of cultural blending between two cultures/civilizations
• Bonus: Discuss a significant cultural practice of a culture/civilization that is based on GEOGRAPHY.