• Must start with Constantine –

• He won control of the Eastern Roman Empire.

• Then he moved the capital from Rome to a Greek trading port known as Byzantium.

• Renamed it Constantinople.

• Eastern Roman Empire became known as the Byzantine Empire. After . . .

AKS 33d-analyze the role of Constantinople as a trading and religious center.

AKS 33d-analyze the role of Constantinople as a trading and religious center.

AKS 33d-analyze the role of Constantinople as a trading and religious center.

• Strategically located on the Bosporus Strait. It was a THRIVING trading port.

• Constantinople became known as the “Golden Horn”.

AKS 33c – Analyze the establishment of Christianity as the official religion of the

Byzantine Empire.•Theodosius declared Christianity as the official religion of the Roman Empire.

AKS 33b - Describe the significance of:~ Justinian's law code~ Empress Theodora and the role of

women~ Byzantine art and architecture

Before we can talk about “Justinian’s law code”. . . .

We have to know who Justinian was.

Emperor Justinian. . .

I am Justinian:

• I was the Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire {AKA the Byzantine Empire} from 527-565. • I had 3 VERY ambitious goals:

• 1. Reconquer Roman lands to the west.• 2. Simplify Roman laws.• 3. Start a massive building project to glorify Constantinople.

Justinian’s 1st Goal for the Byzantine Empire: Reconquer

Lands to the WestIn order to complete my first

AMBITIOUS goal. . . .

I sent my best general, Belisarius, to gain the lands

in the west back.

Of course he was successful. . .

Since he gained back the land in the Western Roman

Empire, I became the Emperor of the ENTIRE

Roman Empire.

Justinian’s 2nd Goal for the Byzantine Empire: Simplify Roman

LawsRomans had a TON of laws. . . . So I decided to gather up a

group of scholars and simplify them.

We came up with a “Code” that consisted of four works. .

. . We named it “Justinian’s Code”

~ VOCAB WORD ~

Code - A code is a general system of laws, and it stems from the Latin word

codex, meaning "book."

Justinian’s 2nd Goal for the Byzantine Empire: Simplify Roman

LawsHere’s what we came up

with. . .

My code lasted for over 900 years!!!!

~ JUSTINIAN’S CODE - 1. The Code: contained the 5,000 Roman laws that they felt were still useful.

2. The Digest: summarize and quoted Rome’s greatest legal thinkers of law.

3. The Institutes: A textbook that taught law students how to use the laws.

4. The Novellae (New Laws): New laws.

Justinian’s 2nd Goal for the Byzantine Empire: Simplify Roman

Laws

Justinian’s 3rd Goal for the Byzantine Empire: Massive

building programI decided to start the most

massive building program the Roman World had EVER seen. .

. .

My biggest passion was building CHURCHES.

I viewed churches as the most visible sign of the close

connection between church and state in my empire.

After the Hagia Sophia was destoyed – for the 2nd time -

during a riot, I had it rebuilt, it was my crowing achievement. . .

The Hagia Sophia

{The Church of Holy Wisdom}

The Imperial Lounge:

This is where the Emperors would

go to worship privately.

Beautiful Mosaics:

This is the Virgin Mary with Baby Jesus.

Justinian is on the left & Constantine is on the right.

Justinian’s 2nd Goal for the Byzantine Empire: Simplify Roman

Laws

Justinian’s 3rd Goal for the Byzantine Empire: Massive

building program

I also built baths, aqueducts, law courts, schools, and

hospitals. By the time I was finished, my city teemed

with an almost visible excitement.

    I’m proud that we preserved the Greco-Roman

culture.

Byzantine Family Life

Byzantine families valued education—specifically classical learning.

Basic courses for Byzantine students focused on Greek and Latin grammar, and philosophy.

The classics of Greek and Roman literature served as textbooks.

The modern world owes Byzantine scholars a huge debt for preserving many of the great

works of Greece and Rome.

AKS 33b – Empress Theodora and the role of women

Empress Theodora

Improved women’s lives in the Byzantine Empire. . . .

AKS 33b – Empress Theodora and the role of women

• First of all, I was born into deep poverty.

• My father was a bear trainer for the Blue Gang of the Hippodrome.• My mother was a dancer/actress.• I became a well-known comedian and mimic.

• I met Emperor Justinian when he came to one of my shows. . . .We were married in 525 A.D.• Justinian & I had an equal relationship. He valued my opinion and even allowed me to share power with him.

AKS 33b – Empress Theodora and the role of women

I wanted equal rights for men and women.

I made advances for women in divorce, property,

guardianship rights over children, death penalty for

rape, all of which raised women’s status far above

the status quo.

I died of cancer in 548 A.D.

After my death, Justinian didn’t pass any other laws. . . He was

too heartbroken.

AKS 33f – Define the role of Orthodox Christianity and the Schism

~ VOCAB WORD ~

Schism – An official split within an organization.

• The Christian Church started to look different in the East than it did the West. . . .

• Eastern Christianity built its heritage on the works of early Church fathers.

• Example - Saint Basil

AKS 33f – Define the role of Orthodox Christianity and the Schism

AKS 33f – Define the role of Orthodox Christianity and the Schism

My name is Saint Basil

Around 357, I wrote rules for the life of

monks.

AKS 33f – Define the role of Orthodox Christianity and the Schism

My name is Saint John Chrysostom.

I was the bishop of Constantinople from 398

to 404, that made me the patriarch, or leading

bishop of the Eastern Roman Empire.

Even I bowed to the emperor.

AKS 33f – Define the role of Orthodox Christianity and the Schism

My name is Emperor Leo III.

In 730 a.d. I banned the use of icons.

I viewed the use of icons as idol worship.

This is going to start a MAJOR conflict between

the East & the West.

~ VOCAB WORD ~Icons: religious images used by

Eastern Christians to aid devotions.

• People in the East responded with riots, and the clergy rebelled.

• In the West, the pope supported the use of icons.

AKS 33f – Define the role of Orthodox Christianity and the Schism

• In 1054: The pope (in the west) & the patriarch (in the east) excommunicated each other in a dispute over religious doctrine.

AKS 33f – Define the role of Orthodox Christianity and the Schism

I’m the Pope!!!I don’t agree with

you, soI’m

excommunicating you!!!!

I’m the Patriarch!!!I don’t agree with

YOU, soI’m

excommunicating you!!!!

• The Christian Church officially split:– The Roman Catholic Church in the West– The Eastern Orthodox Church in the East.

• THIS WAS KNOWN AS THE GREAT EAST-WEST SCHISM!

AKS 33f – Define the role of Orthodox Christianity and the Schism

• Services in Latin.• Pope has authority over all other

bishops.• Pope claims authority over all kings &

emperors• Priests may not marry.• Divorce is not permitted.

The Roman Catholic Church

• Services are in Greek.• Patriarch works with other bishops as a

group.• Emperor claims authority over the

patriarch of the empire.• Priest may be married.• Divorce is allowed under certain

conditions.

The Eastern Orthodox Church

• They base their faith on the gospel of Jesus & the Bible.

• They use sacraments such as baptism.• Their religious leaders are priests and

bishops.• They seek to convert people.

Similarities of the two: