MVC Mandarin Excellence Programme

MVC Mandarin Excellence Programme

Year 8 Vocabulary and grammar Book

Written by: Mr FAN

Name: ______________________

文

中

EVERYBODY IS SOMEBODY

Written by: Mr FAN

This booklet is based on the books 进

jìn

步

bù

一

y ī

& 进

jìn

步

bù

二

èr

MANDARIN EXCELLENCE

PROGRAMME

The Mandarin Excellence Programme is a new intensive language programme,

funded by the Department for Education, which will see at least 5,000 school

pupils in England on track to fluency in Mandarin Chinese by 2020.

Delivered by the UCL Institute of Education in partnership with the British

Council, the nationwide programme will offer students an unprecedented

opportunity in terms of language provision.

In being the most widely spoken language in the world, Mandarin Chinese is

recognised as one of the most important languages for the UK’s future. The

programme therefore provides a fantastic opportunity for students to acquire

vital language skills at an early stage – something essential for work and for life

in an increasingly connected world.

Students on the programme will study eight hours of Mandarin Chinese every

week – including four hours of classroom taught lessons – with selected groups

of pupils beginning from Year 7.

http://ci.ioe.ac.uk/mandarin-excellence-programme

Contents

中文水平跟踪表 (Mandarin Results Tracker)…...................................... P1

Chapter 1—食品和饮料 (Food and Drink)

1. 饮食一 (Food and Drink 1)……………………………………............. P7

2. 饮食二 (Food and Drink 2)………………………………….…............ P8

3. 一日三餐 (Daily Meals)………………..……………………..........…... P9

4. 订餐 (Order Food)…..………………………………………..........…... P12

Chapter 2 –假期 (Holidays)

5. 天气 (Weather)…………………………………….........……………. P16

6. 国家 (Country)…………………………………….........…….………. P19

7. 地方 (Place)…………………………………………………..........….. P21

8. 交通 (Transportation)……………………………..........……………. P22

9. 年份 (Year)……………………………………………………............... P24

Chapter 3 –关于我 (All about Me)

10. 外表 (Appearance)………………………………………........….…... P28

11. 房间 (Room)…………………………………………………..........…. P31

12. 颜色 (Colours)……………………………………………….........….. P32

13. 衣服 (Clothes)…………………………………………………............ P33

14. 作息 (Daily Routine)………………………………………….........… P35

Chapter 4 –你家在哪儿？ (Where do you live?)

15. 我住的地方 (My Town)......................................................................... P39

16. 方向 (Directions).................................................................................... P39

17. 日常用语 (Everyday Expressions)....................................................... P40

18. 周末计划 (Weekend Plans)................................................................... P41

19. 我的房子 (My House)............................................................................ P44

20. 工作 (Jobs)............................................................................................. P45

21. 补充词汇 (Extra Vocabulary)............................................................... P48

22. 连接词 (Linking Words)…………………...........………………….... P52

23. 偏旁部首 (Radical)………………………………..........…………...... P55

24. 字帖 (Chinese character Stroke orders)………………..........…....… P57

Mandarin Results tracker

Name:______________________ Class: ____ Target: ____

Record of results:

Reflection on assessments:

Date: WWW: EBI:

Date: Listening Reading Writing Speaking

Melbourn Village College

1

LISTENING √

Level 1 Understand and respond to a few familiar spoken words and short phrases, spoken slowly and clearly

1- Can understand and respond to a few familiar words

1 Can understand and respond to a few familiar short phrases

1+ Can understand and respond to the main points from a few familiar simple sentences

Level 2 Understand and respond more short commands, statements and questions, spoken slowly and clearly

2- Can understand and respond to the main points from a more familiar simple sentences

2 Can understand and respond to more familiar words and short phrases

2+ Can understand and pick out the main points or opinions from simple dialogues

Level 3 Understand short simple sentences or dialogue (approx 10 characters) on a few familiar topics and pick out the main points,

spoken slowly and clearly

3- Can understand and respond to a variety of familiar words and short phrases

3 Can understand and respond to a range of familiar spoken words from a short sentence made of familiar language

3+ Can understand and respond the main points and some of the detail from a short simple sentence made of familiar

language on a few of topics

Level 4 Understand longer spoken sentences or dialogue (approx.20 words) on familiar topics and pick out the main points, spoken

slowly and clearly

4- Can understand longer sentences and recognise people's points of view

4 Can understand and pick out the main points from longer sentences or dialogues with simple structures

4+ Can understand and pick out the main points from longer sentences or dialogues with simple structures on a range of

familiar topics

Level 5 Understand spoken passages or dialogues of approx.30 words on familiar topics with different structures, spoken clearly and

more slowly than normal native speaker speed

5- Can comfortably understand the main points from passages or dialogues

5 Can understand and pick out the main points from passages or dialogues with different structures

5+ Can understand and pick out the main points from passages or dialogues with different structures on a range of familiar

topics

Level 6 Understand spoken passages or dialogues of approx.30 words on a range of familiar topics containing some unfamiliar

language, spoken clearly and slower than normal native speaker speed

6- Can understand and pick out the main points from passages or dialogues with some unfamiliar material by recognising

attitudes and emotions

6 Can understand and pick out the main points from passages or dialogues with predictable information contained some

unfamiliar language

6+ Can understand and pick out the main points from passages or dialogues on a range of familiar topics containing some

unfamiliar language

Level 7 Understand extended speech of moderate length arrpox.50 words, which may contain a couple of unpredictable elements, but

are delivered clearly and at slower than normal native speaker speed

7- Be able to identify the majority of points of moderate length spoken passages or conversations containing a few of

unfamiliar language

7 Be able to infer the meaning of a range of passages or conversations containing a few of unpredictable elements

7+ Can understand extended speech of some degree of complexity can summarise the key points with a couple of

unpredictable elements

Level 8 Understand extended speech of longer length approx.80 words, which may contain a few of unpredictable elements, near

normal native speaker speed

8- Can understand and summarise the key points and most of the details from extended speech of approx. 80 words

8 Be able to recognise the speaker's perspective, attitudes and emotion from passages or conversations at near normal

native speed

8+ Can understand and summarise the key points and most of details from passages or conversations containing a few of

unfamiliar language or unpredictable elements

Level 9 Understand extended passages or conversations of approx.100 words, which may contain some unpredictable elements,

spoken clearly at near-normal native speed

9- Can understand and summarise the key points and most of the details from extended speech of approx. 100 words

9 Can understand and summarise the key points and most of the details from a range of sources such as interview,

documentaries, films, plays, etc.

9+ Can understand and summarise the key points and most of details from a range of material that contains some complex

sentences and unfamiliar language or unpredictable elements

2

SPEAKING √

Level 1 Can say and repeat simple a few of pre-learned single vocabularies and short simple phrases with tone

1- Can repeat a few of pre-learned single vocabularies and short simple phrases with tone

1 Can independently say a few of pre-learned single vocabularies with correct tone

1+ Can independently say a few of pre-learned short simple phrases with correct tone

Level 2 Can say and answer a few of simple questions and give basic information by using single vocabularies or short simple phrases

(with some notes)

2- Can say more pre-learned single vocabularies and short simple phrases with tone

2 Can answer pre-learned simple question by using simple vocabularies

2+ Can answer a few of simple questions and give basic information by using simple vocabularies or short phrases

Level 3 Can take part in a simple conversation with a few of linguistic errors on current topic by using a few of basic structures and

sentence patterns (with some notes)

3- Can say and answer simple pre-learned questions by using a variety of single vocabularies and short simple phrases

3 Can use a few grammatical structures and sentence patterns to answer simple pre-learned questions

3+ Can use a basic range of grammatical structures and sentence patterns to take part in a simple conversation on current

topic

Level 4 Can take part in a simple conversation with minor errors on a few of familiar topics by using a variety of structures and sentence

patterns (with some notes)

4- Can use a basic range of everyday expressions relating to personal details and needs

4 Can maintain a simple conversation by asking for clarification or repetition

4+ Can use a variety of structures and sentence patterns to take part in a simple conversation on a few of familiar topics

Level 5 Can take part in a simple conversation on a range of familiar topics with occasional minor errors, including expressing opinions

and responding to those of others with little hesitation (with some notes)

5- Can take part in a simple conversation and express personal opinions

5 Can answer unprepared questions in a conversation or following presentation.

5+ Can adapt models successfully in a simple conversation to give own information, including personal opinions on a range of

familiar topics

Level 6 Can give a short prepared talk (Approx. 2 minutes) to expressing opinions with little difficulty by using a variety of structures on

a range of topics (with some notes)

6- Can give a short prepared talk, on a topic of own choice, including expressing personal opinions

6 Can give a short prepared talk, expressing opinions and answer prepared question by using a variety of structures

6+ Can give a short prepared talk, expressing opinions and answer unpredictable questions by using a variety of structures

Level 7 Be able to maintain a conversation (Approx. 3 minutes) with minor errors on familiar matters or in predictable situations by

using a range of language and structures (without notes)

7- Can use key high-frequency verb form with a combination of different words to answer unpredictable questions

spontaneously, with pauses for planning

7 Can ask and answer questions across a few of topics by using a range of language and structures

7+ Can give a presentation on a chosen theme and respond readily to questions with little difficulty

Level 8 Can participate in discussions (Approx. 4-5 minutes) with occasional minor errors relating to a variety of situations and topics,

taking the initiative where appropriate (without notes)

8- Can give a presentation on a chosen theme and respond readily to questions without difficulty

8 Can give a presentation on a chosen theme and respond unpredictable questions without difficulty

8+ Can engage in an unplanned conversation (Approx. 4-5 minutes) on familiar topics, showing the ability to cope with

unexpected questions or responses. There will be pause for planning

Level 9 Be able to communicate (Approx. 6-7 minutes) confidently and present a point of view effectively with occasional minor errors,

using a range of language appropriate to the situation (without notes)

9- Can communicate with ease in both formal and informal situations, using a wide range and variety of language

appropriately

9 Can take part in multi-exchange conversations on familiar topics, construct questions independently by using a variety of

vocabulary and structures

9+ Can engage in longer stretches of unplanned conversation (Approx. 6-7minutes) on familiar topics, showing the ability to

cope with unexpected questions or responses. There will be pause for planning

3

READING √

Level 1 Can recognise and translate a few familiar words and short phrases

1- Can recognise and understand a few single characters 1 Can recognise and understand a few short phrases

1+ Can understand and translate a few of familiar words and short phrases into English Level 2 Can read and understand a few simple grammatical structures and sentence patterns

2- Can understand and translate more characters and short phrases; understand the function of a few measure words 2 Can translate a few of short simple sentences (Approx.10 characters) into English

2+ Can pick out the main points and some of the detail from a few of short sentences Level 3 Can understand a variety of familiar characters and pick out the main points from a range of simple familiar sentences

3- Can read and understand to a range of familiar characters and short phrases, can guess partial meaning of some characters

by recognising the function of radicals

3 Can translate more short simple sentences (Approx. 10 characters) into English. 3+ Can understand the main points and opinions in more familiar sentences covering two or three familiar topics

Level 4 Can understand a longer sentence (Approx. 20 characters) made up of familiar language on a current topic; can translate short

simple sentences (Approx. 10 characters) into English

4- Can understand longer sentences with familiar language and recognise people's points of view 4 Can translate a variety of sentences (Approx. 10 characters) with a few of junction words into English

4+ Can understand and pick out the main points from longer sentences with a range of familiar structures on current topic

Level 5 Can understand a short factual text (approx. 30-50 characters) made up of sentences with familiar language on a familiar topic;

can translate longer simple sentences (Approx. 20 characters) into English

5- Can understand the function of most prepositions; can understand the function of some important conjunctions such as: 虽

然(although)…但是(but)…，因为(because)… 所以(therefore)…, 如果(if/when)… 就(then), and auxiliary words such as:

了，呢，吧

5 Can read a short factual text and produce a simply written summary in English covering the majority of points 5+ Can translate a few of longer simple sentences (Approx. 20 characters) into English

Level 6 Can understand written texts of moderate length (approx.50-80 characters) containing predictable information and some

complexity; can translate a simple short text (Approx. 30 characters) into English

6- Can pick out some points from a limited amount of unfamiliar language in more challenging text 6 Can read a moderate text produce a summary in English covering most essential points

6+ Can translate a simple short text (Approx. 30 characters) with familiar grammatical structures and sentence patterns into

English

Level 7 Can understand longer texts of approx.80-100 characters, which may contain a few unpredictable elements; can translate a

moderate text (Approx. 50 characters) into English

7- Can understand the function of more conjunctions such as: 尽管(despite)…, 可是(however, but)…, 然而(but, however)…, 不

但 (not only)…而且(but also)…, and more measure words

7 Can cope with some unfamiliar language and produce a detailed report in English covering all essential points

7+ Can translate a moderate text (Approx. 50 characters) with a range of familiar grammatical structures and sentence

patterns into English

Level 8 Can understand longer text of approx.100-120 characters and be able to access a range of texts in a range of familiar topics with

a few unfamiliar elements; can translate a moderate text (Approx. 50 characters) containing predictable information and some

complexity 8- Can understand the function of more auxiliary words such as 地，得，着，了，似的 and some difficult conjunctions such

as: 越…越… (the more…the more…) , 只要…就…(as long as)，除…以外 (except), etc

8 Can understand a range of texts of some degree of complexity with a few unfamiliar language and produce a detailed

report in English covering all essential points

8+ can translate a moderate text (Approx. 50 characters) containing predictable information and some complexity into English

Level 9 Can understand extended text (approx. 120-160 characters) in a range of familiar topics with some unfamiliar language; can

translate a longer text (Approx. 60-80 characters) containing unpredictable information and some complexity

9- Can understand the function of more difficult auxiliary words such as: 所…的…，为… 所…，etc and a range of measure

words

9 Can understand a range of texts of some degree of complexity with some unfamiliar language and produce a detailed

report in English covering all essential points

9+ can translate a longer text (Approx. 60-80 characters) containing unpredictable information and some complexity into

English

4

WRITING √

Level 1 Can write a few single characters with correct stroke order from memory

1- Understand basic rules for writing Chinese characters such as: The horizontal stroke is written from left to right; the vertical

stroke is written from the top downward; the downward stroke to the left is written from top-right to bottom-left, etc 1 can copy simple characters following the correct strokes order

1+ Can write a few simple characters with correct stroke order from memory

Level 2 Can write some simple characters and a few short phrases with correct stroke order from memory

2- Can fill in the missing characters on a short simple phrases or a simple sentence (with English support)

2 Can write a few short phrases from memory including some measure words

2+ Can put the characters in the correct order to make sentences (with English meaning support)

Level 3 Can translate and write a few of short simple sentences (Approx. 10 characters each) from memory

3- Can translate and write a few short sentences (Approx. 10 characters each)

3 Can fill in the correct measure words on a range of familiar language

3+ Can fill in the missing characters on a few of familiar sentences without support.

Level 4 Can translate and write a few short simple texts (Approx. 20-50 characters) from memory without grammatical structures

support, using simple sentences from a few familiar topics

4- Can put the characters in the correct order to make sentences without support

4 Can translate and write a few of short texts (Approx. 20-50 characters) without grammatical structures support on a few of

familiar topics 4+ Can write a short text on a range of familiar topics, using simple sentences

Level 5 Can translate and write a range of longer texts (Approx. 50-80 characters) from memory by using taught language on a few of

familiar topics

5- Can write and translate a variety of characters and short simple phrases from memory

5 Can create a longer text converying opinions and point of view

5+ Can translate and produce a range of longer texts (Approx. 50-80 characters) in an appropriate style on a few of familiar

topics

Level 6 Can translate and write a paragraph (Approx. 80-110 characters) made up of short sentences using taught language on a range

of familiar topics

6- Can communicate ideas generally accurate and in an appropriate style over a few familiar topics

6 Can use more than one time frame, and produce extended sentences that follow on from each other logically

6+ Can translate and produce pieces of writing of a paragraph (80-110 characters) on a range of familiar topics

Level 7 Can translate and produce a paragraph (Approx. 110-130 characters) from memory on two-three topics with general accuracy

7- Can successfully recycle learnt language, and combine with a limited number of new elements with some success to express

own ideas and opinions apart from a few mistakes 7 Can use a variety of structures to express facts, ideas, opinions, reasons and justifications, and ask questions

7+ Can use 虽然(although)…但是(but)…，因为(because)… 所以(therefore)… to write coherent text, in an appropriate register

Level 8 Can translate and write extended pieces of several paragraphs (Approx. 130-150 characters) from memory drawing on a variety

of familiar topics

8- Can write coherent text, in an appropriate register, for different purposes, including communicating information, ideas and

opinions

8 Can manipulate language structures encountered in the lesson and combine those with new elements to produce new

meanings

8+ Can translate and produce pieces of writing of extended pieces of several paragraphs (Approx. 60-80 characters) drawing on

a range of familiar topics

Level 9 Can write and translate extended pieces of paragraphs (Approx. 150-180 characters) from memory, using appropriate links

between paragraphs, drawing on several familiar topic areas, and using a range of vocabulary and structures

9- Can produce well-structured text of certain length which clearly expresses an argument or specific viewpoint, using a wide

range and variety of language

9 Can use more conjunctions to produce texts for a range of purposes, using appropriate links between paragraphs, drawing

on several familiar topic areas

9+ Can produce a coherent paragraphs (Approx. 150-180 characters) to express, justify and develop ideas and opinions by

using a range of vocabulary and structures and more complex structures with some errors

5

6

Chapter 1—食品和饮料 (Food and Drink)

Skill Objectives: after this chapter you should be able to

Listening Understand and respond to conversation on ordering food

understand and respond to conversation on daily meals

Speaking Can describe what each person likes/dislikes to eats and drinks

Someone + 喜欢/不喜欢 + 吃/喝 + food/drink

Can describe what each person eats and drinks for each meal

Someone + 早饭/午饭/晚饭 + 吃/喝 + food/drink

Can say what each person eats and drinks on different days

星期一/二/三/四/五/六/天(日) + someone + 吃/喝 + food/drink

Can order food/drink in a restaurant by using 想

我 + 想 + 吃/喝 + food/drink

Reading Can understand and pick out the main points and opinions in food and

drink paragraph

Can translate food and drink sentences into English with proper English

grammar

Writing Can write basic food and drink vocabularies from memory

Can translate food and drink sentences into Chinese with proper Chinese

grammar

Can write a paragraph covering food and drink with familiar two or

three topics

Researching Discovery different styles of food eaten in different Chinese areas

Popular street in China

Eating habits and chopsticks

Chinese restaurants

7

1. 饮食一 (Food & Drink 1)

一. Vocabulary list (Writing help: Page 57 to Page 58)

二. Grammar

Like/dislike with food and drink

In English we usually say ‘I like pizza’, ‘I like coffee’. In Chinese, you usually

Character Pinyin English Meaning

面包 miàn bāo bread

面粉 miàn fěn flour

面条 miàn tiáo noodle

米饭 mǐ fàn rice

鸡蛋 jī dàn (chicken) egg

比萨饼 bǐ sà bǐng pizza

三明治 sān míng zhì sandwich

汉堡 hàn bǎo hamburger

水 shuǐ water

汽水 qì shuǐ fizzy water

茶 chá tea

水果 shuǐ guǒ fruit

果汁 guǒ zhī fruit Juice

吃 chī to eat

喝 hē to drink

8

add the verbs for eating/drinking when saying what you like or dislike:

我喜欢吃/喝…………….…(I like eating/drinking………..)

我不喜欢吃/喝…………….. (I don’t like eating/drinking…….)

EXAMPLE:

我喜欢吃面包，也喜欢喝果汁.

I like to eat bread, also like to drink fruit juice.

我不喜欢吃米饭，也不喜欢喝茶.

I don’t like to eat rice, also don’t like to drink tea.

你喜欢吃三明治和喝茶吗？

Do you like to eat sandwich and drink tea?

2. 饮食二 (Food & Drink 2)



炒面 chǎo miàn fried noodles

炒饭 chǎo fàn fried rice

炒 chǎo to stir fry

饺子 jiǎo zi Chinese dumplings

包子 bāo zi steamed stuffed bun

咖啡 kā fēi coffee

筷子 kuài zi chopsticks

用 yòng to use

9

3. 一日三餐 (Daily Meals)



牛肉 niú ròu beef

猪肉 zhū ròu pork

羊肉 yáng ròu lamb/mutton

鸡肉 jī ròu chicken (meat)

鸭肉 yā ròu duck (meat)

肉 ròu meat

牛奶 niú nǎi milk

早饭 zǎo fàn breakfast

午饭 wǔ fàn lunch

晚饭 wǎn fàn dinner

饭 fàn meal; cooked rice

早上 zǎo shàng morning

中午 zhōng wǔ noon

晚上 wǎn shàng evening/night

做饭 zuò fàn to cook; prepare a meal

比 bǐ to compare;

好吃 hǎo chī tasty; delicious

好喝 hǎo hē tasty; delicious

因为...所以... yīn wèi...suǒ yǐ... because...therefore

10

二. Grammar

Word order

When you say what you have for breakfast, lunch, etc. you put the words in the

following order:

Subject (I, you, Mum, etc.) + meal (breakfast, etc.) + verb + food (noodles, etc.)

EXAMPLE:

我午饭吃炒面.

I have fried noodles for lunch.

(Literally: I lunch eat fried noodles).

我弟弟晚饭吃三明治和喝果汁.

My younger brother has sandwich and fruit juice for dinner.

(Literally: My younger brother dinner eat sandwich and drink fruit juice.)

Positive comparison—The use of ‘比’

One of the most common words when making positive comparision in Chinese is to

use 比. 比 has similarities to the English word "than," but it sits between the two

things being compared. The word order will take a little getting used to, but aside

from that, the pattern is quite easy.

X + 比 + Y + adjective

EXAMPLE:

鸡肉比猪肉好吃.

Chicken tastes better than pork. (Literally: Chicken compare to pork tastes better)

Note：很 can't used in the comparison. 鸡肉比猪肉很好吃.×

11

Positive comparison—The use of ‘没有’

没有 is used to make negative comparisons

X + 没有 + Y + adjective

EXAMPLE:

猪肉没有鸡肉好吃.

Pork doesn’t taste better than chicken.

(Literally: pork doesn’t have chicken tastes better)

The use of ‘因为...所以...’

Just as 因为 can be used to explain causes, 所以 can be used to explain results.

This is the equivalent of "so…" or "therefore…" in English.

The full pattern 因为……所以…… is used to clearly indicate cause and effect.

They could be thought of as equating to: "Since ___ happened, so ___ happened." It

sounds weird to use both "since" and "so" in one sentence in English, but it makes

everything crystal clear in Chinese.

因为 + Cause, 所以 + Effect

EXAMPLE:

因为我对中文有兴趣，所以我喜欢上中文课.

Because I am interested in Chinese, (therefore) I like going to Chinese lesson.

因为我的小狗很可爱，所以我很喜欢它.

Because my little dog is very cute, (therefore) I like it very much.

因为今天是我的生日，所以晚上我们吃生日蛋糕.

Because today is my birthday, (therefore) we are going to eat birthday cake at night.

12

4. 订餐 (Order Food)


二. Grammar

The use of 想

想 is often used to mean ‘want to/would like to’ and is usually followed by

another verb:

我想吃………. (I would like to eat…….)

我想喝………..(I would like to drink….)


青菜/菜 qīng cài/cài vegetable

汤 tāng soup

碗 wǎn bowl (measure word as well)

杯 bēi glass/cup (measure word as well)

饭馆 fàn guǎn restaurant

想 xiǎng would like to; want to

冰淇淋 bīng qí lín ice cream

可口可乐 kě kǒu kě lè coca cola

甜点 tián diǎn dessert

蛋糕 dàn gāo cake

巧克力 qiǎo kè lì chocolate

一边...一边 yī biān...yī biān while... at the same time

13

弟弟想看………..(Younger brother would like to watch………..)

EXAMPLE:

妈妈想吃米饭和牛肉.

Mum would like to eat rice and beef.

姐姐想喝果汁和可口可乐.

Elder sister would like to drink juice and Coca cola.

下午 Jack 想打乒乓球和玩滑板.

Jack would like to play table tennis and skateboard in the afternoon.

The use of ‘一边...一边’

To express that one thing is done while doing something else, the word 一边

is used.

Subj. + 一边 + Verb (，) + 一边 + Verb

EXAMPLE:

我一边吃牛肉炒饭，一边看电视。

I eat beef fried rice while watching TV.

弟弟昨天一边踢足球，一边喝可口可乐。

Younger brother was playing football while drinking Coca cola yesterday.

Jack 的姐姐喜欢一边买东西，一边听音乐, 因为她觉得很有意思。

Jack’s elder sister likes going shopping while listening to music because she feels

that is very interesting.

14

EXTENTION—READING (FOOD & DRINK)

你好！我叫李明 (Li Ming) . 我十三岁。我家有四口人。

爸爸，妈妈，一个弟弟和我。我是一个中学生。今天我

的午饭是羊肉饺子和鱼汤。我喜欢吃羊肉饺子，也喜欢

吃牛肉面条，我最喜欢吃鸡肉炒饭。但是我不喜欢吃猪

肉包子，因为我觉得猪肉包子不好吃。我也不喜欢喝可

口可乐，我喜欢喝果汁，也喜欢喝水。爸爸也不喜欢喝

可口可乐，他喜欢喝咖啡和英国茶。爸爸也喜欢吃鸡肉

汉堡和比萨饼。虽然妈妈很忙，但是她喜欢做饭。妈妈

喜欢一边做饭，一边听音乐。妈妈会做饭，她做的饭很

好吃，她做的牛肉炒面最好吃。我觉得妈妈做的牛肉炒

面比饭馆的牛肉炒面好吃。弟弟也觉得妈妈做的牛肉炒

面很好吃。弟弟喜欢吃肉，他不喜欢吃水果和青菜。弟

弟也不喜欢吃甜点。虽然弟弟不喜欢吃甜点，但是他喜

欢吃冰淇淋。因为今天是弟弟的生日，所以今天晚上他

可以吃巧克力冰淇淋。

15

Chapter 2—假期 (Holidays)


Listening Understand and respond to holiday conversation covering weather,

countries, locations and transports and time

Speaking Can maintain a holiday conversation by using following structures

Describe weather in the past and in the future

昨天/今天/明天 + 有/没有/ + 风/雨/雪/雾

昨天/今天/明天 + 多云/晴天

Talk someone’s nationality and language he/she can speak

Someone + 是 + Country + 人

Someone + 会 + 说 + language

Talk about the means of transport each person used

Someone + 坐/骑 + transport + 去 + somewhere

Talk about locations that someone lives

Someone + 住在 + somewhere

Talk about locations or countries someone went or didn’t go

Someone + 去了/没去 + locations/countries

Reading Can understand and pick out the main points and opinions in holiday

paragraph covering weather, countries, locations, transports and time

Can translate holiday sentences into English with proper English grammar

Writing Can write basic holiday vocabularies covering weather, country,

nationalities, locations, transports and time from memory

Can translate holiday sentences into Chinese with proper Chinese

grammar

Can write paragraph covering holiday with familiar two or three topics

Researching How many public holidays in China

What Chinese students doing on public holidays.

Different school holidays between China and UK

16

5. 天气(Weather )



风 fēng wind

有/刮风 yǒu/guā fēng windy

雨 yǔ rain

下雨 xià yǔ to rain

雪 xuě snow

下雪 xiǎ xuě to snow

云 yún cloud

多云 duō yún cloudy

晴天 qíng tiān clear day

雾 wù fog

有雾 yǒu wù foggy

天气 tiān qì weather

冷 lěng cold

热 rè hot

很 hěn very, rather

多 duō many

非常 fēi cháng extremely

太...了 tài...le too (adjective)

17

二. Grammar

Past and future

It’s very simple to talk about past or future weather in Chinese. All you have to

do is use the correct time word. You don’t need to change the verb at all.Such

as:

北京(Běijīng)明天有雨. (It will rain in Beijing tomorrow.)

北京(Běijīng)今天有雨. (It is raining in Beijing today.)

北京(Běijīng)昨天有雨. (It was raining in Beijing yesterday.)

To talk about the weather in Chinese

The verb ‘有’ (to have) is used to describe 雨(rain)、雪(snow)、风(wind) and 雾

(fog) in Mandarin. Sometimes the verb ‘下’ (drop, down) also is used to

describe 雨(rain) and 雪(snow) because you can see rain or snow dropping

from sky. The verb’刮’ (guā‘to blow’) also is used to describe very windy in

Mandarin. 多云(cloudy) is used to describe cloudy day and 晴天(clear day) is

used to describe sunny day.

EXAMPLE:

北京(Běijīng)今天有/下雨. (It is raining in Beijing today.)

北京(Běijīng)今天有/ 下雪. (It is snowing in Beijing today.)

北京(Běijīng)今天有雾. (It is foggy in Beijing today.)

北京(Běijīng)今天有/刮风. (It is windy in Beijing today.)

北京(Běijīng)今天多云. (It is cloudy in Beijing today.)

北京(Běijīng)今天晴天. (It is sunny in Beijing today.)

18

Verb-adjectives

Adjective (describing words such as ‘hot’, ‘cold’, ‘busy’) often act as verbs in

Chinese.

For example:

今天很冷. (Literally, ‘Today very cold’).

我不忙. (‘I not busy’).

The verb ‘to be’ (‘Today is very cold’, ‘I am not busy’) is understood, so you do

not need to add 是 between the subject and the verb-adjective.

The use of ‘太...了’

In Chinese, the simplest structure for expressing "too" in the sense of "excessively"

is by using the word 太. Don't forget to also add 了 after the adjective to keep

your Chinese sounding natural.

太 + Adj. + 了

EXAMPLE:

妈妈太忙了. (Mum is too busy)

今天太热了. (Today is too hot)

因为他哥哥太调皮了，所以我很讨厌他.

Because his elder brother is too naughty, (therefore) I don’t like him

As in English, this can express that something really is excessive (often as a

complaint), or can also colloquially express the meaning of "so" or "very."

19

6. 国家 (Country)



国家 guó jiā country

中国 zhōng guó China

英国 yīng guó UK

法国 fǎ guó France

德国 dé guó Germany

美国 měiguó USA

日本 rì běn Japan

印度 yìn dù India

西班牙 xī bān yá Spain

巴基斯坦 bā jī sī tǎn Pakistan

澳大利亚 ào dà lì yà Australia

语/语言 yǔ/yǔ yán language

汉语 hàn yǔ Chinese (language)

外语 wài yǔ foreign language

说 shuō to speak/ to say

写 xiě to write

哪 nǎ which

20

二. Grammar

Country/nationality/language

To talk about nationality in Chinese, you add 人 (rén, ‘person’) after the name

of the country. To say the name of a language, change 国 (guó, ‘country’) into

语(yǔ, ‘language’)or 文 (wén, language). For those countries without 国, you

often just add 语 (or 文 as you learned in the previous lesson) to the end.

Note: ‘语’ refers to language and ‘文’ refers to literacy.

The Chinese language has several different names. You can either say 中文 or 汉

语 (hàn yǔ, ‘language of the Han people’—the main ethnic group in China)

EXAMPLE:

我是英国人，我会说英语，也会说汉语。我想学法语。

I am a British. I can speak English, also can speak Chinese. I want to learn French.

The use of 哪

哪国人 (literally, ‘which country-person?’) asks about nationality. For example:

你是哪国人?

What nationality are you? (Literally: You are which country-person?)

--Sb + 是 (is) + 哪国人?

哪 can also be used in:

哪个人? = Which person?

你喜欢哪只猫? = Which cat do you like?

(As you might have already noticed, you need a measure word between 哪 and

the noun).

Country Nationality/people Language

法国 (France) 法国人 (French) 法语/法文 (French)

西班牙 (Spain) 西班牙人 (Spanish) 西班牙语/西班牙文(Spanish)

21

7. 地方 (Place)


二. Grammar

The use of ‘和…一起…’

To say you do something with somebody in Chinese you use:


地方 dì fāng place

海边 hǎi biān seaside

山区 shān qū mountains

农村 nóng cūn countryside

城市 chéng shì city

博物馆 bó wù guǎn museum

朋友 péng yǒu friend

男朋友 nán péng yǒu boyfriend

女朋友 nǚ péng yǒu girlfriend

在 zài to be located

去 qù to go

散步 sàn bù to go for a walk

和/…一起… hé....yìqǐ.... together with…to do…

滑雪 huáxuě to ski/skiing

哪儿 nǎr where

22

Person A 和 (and) person B + 一起 (together) + verb

For example:

James 和 Darren 一起滑雪 = James goes skiing with Darren.

我和朋友一起去山区滑雪 = I go to the mountains with my friend to ski.

You may have noticed that the verb goes at the END of the sentence.

Words that say ‘when’, ‘how’, ‘with whom’, etc. go BEFORE the verb.

EXAMPLE:

我哥哥星期六下午踢足球.

My elder brother played football at Saturday afternoon.

David 和我打乒乓球。

David plays table tennis with me.

弟弟和我一起玩电脑游戏.

Younger brother plays computer games with me.

8. 交通工具 (Transportation)



火车 huǒ chē train

汽车 qì chē car

公共汽车 gōng gòng qì chē bus

出租车 chū zū chē taxi

自行车 zì xíng chē bicycle

23

飞机 fēi jī aeroplane

船 chuán ship/boat

坐 zuò to sit/go by

骑 qí to ride on

怎么 zěn me how

二. Grammar

Means of transport

When talking about means of transport, how you get somewhere must always

come before the main verb, such as:

我坐飞机去中国 = I go to China by plane.

If there is a time phrase in the sentence, then that comes before the means of

transport, such as:

我明天坐飞机去中国 = I will go to China by plane.

It is easiest to think of 坐 and 骑 (for bikes and horses) as meaning ‘by’ in

this type of sentence; word order is very important here.

Chinglish—To ask where is someone going

你去哪儿? (Where are you going?)

You go where? –Someone + 去 + 哪儿？

Chinglish—To ask how will someone go there

你怎么去? (How will you get there?)

You how go? –Sb + 怎么 + 去?

24

9. 年份 (Year)


二. Grammar

Use of 了

When placed directly after a verb, 了 indicates that an action has been

completed.

For example:

我去了中国 = I went to China.

昨天我看了电影 = I watched a film yesterday.

To make the negative, you need to use 没 not 不. For example:


今年 jīn nián this year

明年 míng nián next year

去年 qù nián last year

学期 xué qī school term

假期 jià qī holiday

暑假 shǔ jià summer holiday

希望 xī wàng to hope

太阳 tài yáng sun

月亮 yuè liàng moon

了 le particle of completed action

25

我没去中国 = I didn’t go to China.

昨天我没看电影 = I didn’t watch a film yesterday.

Verb-objects with 了

You have learned that when 了 indicates a completed action, it is often directly

after the verb. With a verb-object (verb + noun), such as 打网球 (play tennis),

滑雪 (go skiing), you normally put 了 after the verb, before the noun.

For example：

打网球 (play tennis) 打了网球 (played tennis)

滑雪 (go skiing) 滑了雪 (went skiing)

看电影 (watch movie) 看了电影 (watched movie)

玩电脑游戏 (play computer games) 玩了电脑游戏 (played computer games)

Two verbs together

In Chinese it’s very simple to use two verbs together. The second verb follows

on directly after the first. For example:

我们去打网球 = We are going to play tennis.

他们去看电影 = They are going to see a film

26

EXTENTION—READING (Holidays)

你好，我叫 Lil i。我十六岁。我在二零零二年出生，我属

马。我家住在城市。我家有四口人。爸爸、妈妈、一个哥

哥和我。爸爸叫 Jack，他四十三岁。爸爸是法国人，他会

说法语，也会说英语和德语。妈妈叫 Susan，她四十岁。

妈妈是中国人，她会说汉语，也会说日语和一点 (a l i t t le )

西班牙语。我会说汉语和法语，我想学西班牙文。哥哥不

会说中文。虽然他对中文有兴趣，但是他觉得中文太难学

了。

去年暑假我和家人一起坐飞机去了澳大利亚。那里天气很

热，没有风，也没有雨。我们去了山区和海边，我喜欢在

海边散步，也喜欢在山区骑自行车。今年我和朋友一起坐

船去了日本。那里天气太冷了，山上有很多雪。但是我们

喜欢滑雪，我们玩得很快乐。我们也喜欢听日本音乐，我

们最喜欢吃日本饭。明年我想一个人去中国看看。妈妈说

中国很大，有很多城市，也有很多好玩的地方。我可以在

农村骑马；在城市坐公共汽车去博物馆；在海边游泳；在

山区跑步；在中国饭馆吃中国菜。你呢？你喜欢吃中国菜

吗？

27

Chapter 3—关于我 (All about Me)


Listening Understand and respond to conversation describing personal’s details

such as appearance, bedroom, daily routine, etc

Speaking Can ask and answer the questions regarding people’s appearance

Q: Someone + Verb-adjectives + 吗?

A: Someone + (很)Verb-adjective / 不 Verb-adjective

Can ask and answer the questions with prepositions

Q: Someone + 的 + Sth + prepositions + 有/没有 + Sth + 吗?

A: Someone + 的 + Sth + prepositions + 有/没有 + Sth

Can ask and answer the questions what he/she likes/dislikes to wear

Q: Someone + 喜欢/不喜欢 + 穿 + 什么 + 衣服?

A: Someone + 喜欢/不喜欢 + 穿 + colour + 的 + 衣服

Can ask and answer each person’s daily routine

Someone + 几点 + doing something?

Someone + time + doing something

Reading Can understand and pick out the main points and opinions in paragraph

covering personal details

Can translate personal detail sentences into English with proper English

grammar

Writing Can write basic vocabularies of personal details from memory

Can translate personal detail sentences into Chinese with proper Chinese

grammar

Can write paragraph covering personal detail with familiar two or three

topics

Researching Discovery young people’s daily routine in China

Research on Chinese clothing worn during the earlier 20th

century

28

10. 外表 (Appearance)


二. Grammar

Verb-adjectives

- 我很高 mans ‘I am tall’ (literally, ‘I very tall’). As you can see, there


高 gāo tall, high

矮 ǎi short

胖 pàng fat

瘦 shòu thin

漂亮 piào liàng pretty, beautiful

好看 hǎo kàn good looking

难看 nán kàn ugly

帅 shuài handsome, smart

聪明 cōng míng intelligent, clever

笨 bèn stupid

美丽 měi lì beautiful

住在 zhù zài to live in/by

照片 zhào piàn photo

明星 míng xīng star

像 xiàng looks like

又...又... yòu...yòu... both...and...

29

is no verb in this sentence. 高 used in this way is called a verb-adjective,

and it is used like the verb ‘to be’ with an adjective in English. 很

(very/quite) is often used between the subject and the verb-adjective.

However, in the negative you don’t usually need 很, for example: 他不高。

- There are two ways of asking question using a verb-adjective:

1) 他高吗？

2) 他高不高? (literally ‘He tall not tall?’)

Both of sentences express the same meaning—‘Is he tall?’

Example:

Is his brother handsome?

他哥哥帅吗? 他哥哥帅不帅?

Is she good looking?

她好看吗? 她好看不好看?

Is my younger sister beautiful?

我妹妹漂亮吗? 我妹妹漂亮不漂亮?

Omitting the noun

As you know, there should be a measure word between number and noun in

Mandarin. However, sometimes you can miss out the noun when answering

a question. For example:

Q: 你有几个弟弟？

how many younger brothers do you have?

A: 我有两个弟弟，一个高，一个矮。

I have two younger brothers; one is tall, the other one is short.

(NOTE: you do not need 弟弟 before 高 and 矮)

30

More Examples:

QUESTION ANSWER

你有几只猫？

How many cats do you have?

我有三只猫，两只大，一只小。

I have three cats, two big ones and one small one.

你们吃了几只包子？

How many buns did you eat?

我吃了五个，妹妹吃了三个

I ate five and younger sister ate three buns.

NOTE: don’t forget that you must have a measure word following a number

to answer a question.

Adjective + 的

When an adjective has more than one syllable, it generally has a 的 after the

adjective and before the noun; this 的 links the adjective with the noun.

For example:

他住在美丽的山区。(He lives a beautiful mountains.)

我有一个漂亮的姐姐。(I have a pretty elder sister.)

Jack 有一个很大的狗。 (Jack has a big dog.)

The use of ‘又...又...’

The character 又 can be used to give two qualities to something. Using the

double 又 structure is like saying that something is "both… and…" in English.

The two words shouldn't contrast in feeling. It is important to note they must

both be bad or both be good.

Subj. + 又 + Adj. 1 + 又 + Adj. 2

EXAMPLE:

今天天气又有风又有雨. (Today it was both windy and raining)

她的姐姐又聪明又漂亮. (Her elder sister is both clever and pretty)

31

11. 房间 (Room)



床 chuáng bed

桌子 zhuō zi desk

椅子 yǐzi chair

柜子 guì zi wardrobe

书架 shū jià bookshelves

门 mén door

灯 dēng lamp/light

卧室 wò shì bedroom

电视 diàn shì television

电脑 diàn nǎo computer

电话 diàn huà telephone

冰箱 bīng xiāng fridge

上 shàng up; on; top

下 xià under; down

里 lǐ in; inside

外 wài outside

中间 zhōng jiān middle

张 zhāng measure word for flat objects: table, bed, paper, etc

把 bǎ measure word for chairs

32

二. Grammar

Prepositions 上/下/里/外/中间

In English, a preposition is placed before a noun, such as:

There is a lamp on the table.

In Chinese, these prepositions go after the noun, such as:

桌子上有一个灯。(There is a lamp on the table.)

床下有书。(There is a book under the bed.)

电视在卧室里。(There is a TV in the bedroom.)

公共汽车里有两只小狗。(There are two little dogs in the bus.)

12. 颜色 (Colours)



黑 hēi black

白 bái white

红 hóng red

绿 lǜ green

蓝 lán blue

黄 huáng yellow

橙 chéng orange

颜色/色 yán sè/sè colour

火 huǒ fire

33

二. Grammar

Adjectives

- Colours in Chinese are adjectives, but sometimes you can’t use them in

the same way as in English. For example, in English you say ‘I like red’,

but in Chinese you say:

我喜欢红色。(literally ‘I like the red colour’).

- There are some other differences when using 色 . Look at these

sentences:

姐姐买了白柜子。(Elder sister bought a white wardrobe)

姐姐买了白色的柜子。(Elder sister bought a white wardrobe)

色 is used with 的 as the colour adjective is more than one syllable

(colour plus 色), so it must be followed by 的 before the noun.

- 的 also can be used at the end of a sentence after a colour. For example:

姐姐的柜子是白色的。(Literally, ‘elder sister’s wardrobe is a white

one)

姐姐的柜子是白的。(Elder sister’s wardrobe is white)

13. 衣服 (Clothes)



上衣 shàng yī top, jacket

大衣 dà yī coat

34

衬衣 chèn yī shirt

裙子 qún zi skirt

袜子 wà zi socks

裤子 kù zi trousers

鞋 xié shoes

运动鞋 yùn dòng xié trainers

穿 chuān to wear

件 jiàn measure word for clothes (upper body)

条 tiáo measure word for clothes (lower body)

号/号码 hào/hào mǎ size

试穿/试试 shìi chuān/shì shi to try on (for size)

一样 yī yàng same

和...一样 hé...yī yàng ...is the same as...

和...不一样 hé...bù yīyàng ...is not the same as...

二. Grammar

The use of ‘和...一样/不一样

Along with 比 and 没有, 一样 is another way to make basic comparisons.

However, 一样 is used to express that two things are the same in some way.

Noun 1 + 和 + Noun 2 + 一样/不一样 (+ Adj.)

EXAMPLE:

你的鞋子和我的鞋子不一样.

Your shoes and mine are different

他姐姐和你妹妹一样漂亮.

His elder sister is as beautiful as your younger sister

35

14. 作息 (Daily Routine)



起床 qǐ chuáng to get up

睡觉 shuì jiào to sleep

回家 huí jiā to go home

做作业 zuò zuò yè to do homework

上海 shàng hǎi Shanghai

以前 yǐ qián before; previous

以后 yǐ hòu after

上班 shàng bān to go to work

下班 xià bān to finish work

晚上 wǎn shàng evening

都 dōu all; both

每天 měi tiān everyday

一...就... yī...jiù... as soon as...then...

二. Grammar

Use of 都

- 都 means ‘both’ or ‘all’. It must be placed directly before the verb or

verb-adjective. For example:

我和弟弟都喜欢踢足球。

36

My little brother and I both like playing football.

今天和明天都下雨。

It’s going to rain both today and tomorrow.

- When 每 (every) is used in a sentence, it is usually followed by a 都.

For example:

我每天都喝咖啡。(I drink coffee every day)

爸爸每天都很忙。(Dad is busy every day)

Use of 一...就...

一...就... is used to tell that soon as one thing happened, then another thing

happened immediately afterwards. The pattern involves two different events,

the first preceded by 一, and then the second event, which follows in quick

succession, preceded by 就.

一 + Event 1，就 + Event 2

EXAMPLE:

我一回家就做作业。

As soon as I went home, I went to do homework

我们一放学就去踢足球。

As soon as we finished the school, we went to play football.

他一上法文课就想睡觉。

As soon as he has French lesson, he feels like falling asleep.

37

EXTENTION—READING (All about me)

你好！我叫孔丽蓉 (Kǒng Lìróng )。我今年十六岁。我不高

也不矮，不胖也不瘦。他们都说我又聪明又漂亮，像电影

明星。我家住在上海，上海是一个很大的城市。我有自己

的卧室。我的卧室里有床、桌子、椅子、书架和柜子。桌

子上有电脑和灯。书架上有很多书，我喜欢看书。我的卧

室里没有电视，我也不喜欢看电视。我的柜子里有绿色的

上衣、红色的大衣、白色的衬衣、蓝色的裤子、黄色的裙

子和黑色的鞋。我喜欢穿运动鞋，因为我喜欢运动。我喜

欢跑步和打网球，我最喜欢游泳。但是我不喜欢玩滑板和

玩电脑游戏，因为我觉得很没意思。我弟弟和我不一样，

他不喜欢运动。但是他喜欢玩电脑游戏和上网。

我每天都很忙。每天上午七点起床，七点半吃早饭，八点

我骑自行车去上学。妈妈和爸爸喜欢坐公共汽车去上班。

我早上有四节课，下午两节课，中午一点我和朋友一起吃

午饭。我们的午饭有三明治、比萨饼、鸡肉饭和牛肉面，

我最喜欢吃牛肉炒面因为我觉得牛肉炒面很好吃。下午三

点一放学我就去踢足球。我四点半回家做作业，我喜欢一

边听音乐一边做作业。爸爸五点半下班。我们六点半吃晚

饭。我晚上八点上网，九点睡觉。星期六和星期天，我不

上学，爸爸妈妈也不上班，我们喜欢去博物馆，也喜欢去

海边散步。

38

Chapter 4—你家在哪儿 (Where do you live)


Listening Understand and respond to conversation about the places in a town with

place words

Understand and respond to the conversation of describing someone’s

house by using comparisons

Understand and respond to the conversation of family members’ jobs and

personal future planning

Speaking Can ask and talk about the places in a town with place words

Can describe someone’s house by using comparisons

Can ask and talk about the family members’ jobs and personal future

planning

Reading Can understand and pick out the main points from a paragraph covering

a few topics such as ‘place in a town, direction, house and jobs’

Can understand and translate sentences covering a few topics such as

‘place in a town, direction, house and jobs’ into English with proper

English grammar

Writing Can write vocabulary of places in a town, directions, house and jobs

Can understand and translate sentences covering a few topics such as

‘place in a town, direction, house and jobs’ into Chinese with proper

Chinese grammar

Can write a long text which covers a few familiar topics with link words

and gives the reason

Researching Chinese children’s daily life

How living standard has changed in China after 30 years

Culture difference of politeness in English and Chinese

The different living conditions in north and south of China

39

15. 我住的地方 (My town)


16. 方向 (Directions)

一. Vocabulary list (Writing help: Page 80)


方向 fāng xiàng direction

前边 qián biān front

后边 hòu biān back

左边 zuǒ biān left


公园 gōng yuán park

运动中心 yùn dòng zhōng xīn sports centre

电影院 diàn yǐng yuàn cinema

图书馆 tú shū guǎn library

火车站 huǒ chē zhàn train station

商店 shāng diàn shop

银行 yín háng bank

邮局 yóu jú post office

因为 yīn wèi because

40

右边 yòu biān right

对面 duì miàn opposite

旁边 páng biān next to

二. Grammar

Relative place words

The place word is always after the location. The following two patterns work for

any of the other place words:

在左边 (on the left) 在......左边 (to the left of......’

公园在左边

(The park is on the left)

公园在图书馆(的)左边

(The park is to the left of the library

Note: ‘的’ is optional; you don’t have to use it, but it will help you understand

the structure

17. 日常用语 (Everyday Expressions)



请问 qǐng wèn Please may I ask...?

谢谢 xiè xie Thanks

不谢/不用谢 bú xiè/bú yòng xiè You’re welcome

不客气 bú kè qi You’re welcome

对不起 duù bù qǐ sorry; excuse me

41

没关系 méi guān xi It’s OK

我(不)知道 wǒ (bù) zhī dào I (don’t) know

欢迎 huān yíng to welcome

二. Culture

The language of politeness

Although Chinese people are very polite, 谢谢 (thank you) is not used as

frequently as in English. For example, family members, especially adults, do not

often use 谢谢 to each other. There are different ways to show thanks, including

body language and tone of voice as well as facial expression.

18. 周末计划 (Weekend plans)



周末 zhōu mò weekend

要 yào to want; to be going to

(future time marker)

常常 cháng cháng often

来 lái to come

有意思 yǒu yì si interesting

好玩儿 hǎo wán ér fun

上个... shàng gè last...

42

下个... xià gè next...

这 zhè this

那 nà that

见面 jiàn miàn to meet up

二. Grammar

The use of ‘要’

The idea behind this usage of 要 is that someone is "planning to" or "going to"

or "preparing to" do something. It's not that they just want to, or have to, it's that

they fully expect to do it. It's in their plan.要 can be used for talking about the

future. It comes before the verb.

EXAMPLE:

我要去公园。 (I am going to the park)

This usage of 要 typically includes a time word of some sort, which may be

placed before or after the subject. This is fairly logical; if you're discussing

plans for the future, you're quite likely to say when you plan to do things.

Subj. + Time + 要 + Verb

Time + Subj. + 要 + Verb

EXAMPLE:

明天我要去图书馆。

我明天要去图书馆。

I am going to the library tomorrow.

43

The use of ‘上个’ and ‘下个’

When referring to months and weeks, you need to use ‘上个’ for last month or

week and ‘下个’ for next week or month. Such as:

上个星期 (last week); 下个月 (next month)

There are different ways to express ‘last’ and ‘next’ with years and days.

This Last Next

Week 这

zhè

个

ge

星

xīng

期

q ī

上

shàng

个

gè

星

xīng

期

q ī

下

xià

个

gè

星

xīng

期

q ī

Month 这

zhè

个

gè

月

yuè

上

shàng

个

gè

月

yuè

下

xià

个

gè

月

yuè

Year 今

jīn

年

nián

去

qù

年

nián

明

míng

年

nián

Day 今

jīn

天

tiān

昨

zuó

天

tiān

明

míng

天

tiān

The use of ‘这’ and ‘那’

In English, when you refer to "this table" or "that girl" you only need two words:

"this" or "that" plus the noun you're referring to. In Chinese, though, you also

need a measure word in the middle between the two.

EXAMPLE:

Chinese English meaning Chinese English meaning

这个公园 this park 那条大鱼 that big fish

那只小兔子 that little rabbit 这杯咖啡 this cup of tea

这匹马 this horse 那张桌子 that table

44

19. 我家的房子 (My house)



客厅 kè tīng living room

饭厅 fàn tīng dining room

厨房 chú fáng kitchen

厕所 cè suǒ toilet

浴室 yù shì bathroom

书房 shū fáng study room

卧室 wò shì bedroom

花园 huā yuán garden

房子 fáng zi house

多 duō many

少 shǎo few

先生 xiān sheng Mr; husband

太太 tài tai Mrs; wife

儿子 ér zi son

女儿 nǚ er daughter

孩子 hái zi child/children

45

20. 工作 (Jobs)



工人 gōng rén factory worker

商人 shāng rén business person

医生 yī shēng doctor

演员 yǎn yuán actor

工程师 gōng chéng shī engineer

记者 jì zhě journalist

科学家 ké xué jiā scientist

护士 hù shi nurse

公司 gōng sī company

工厂 gōng chǎng factory

工作 gōng zuò job/work/to work

医院 yī yuàn hospital

将来 jiāng lái future/in the future

做 zuò to become/be/do

...的时候... ...de shí hòu... when/during...

二. Grammar

The use of ‘positive + negative pattern’

You have learned to use 吗 to ask yes/no questions: for example:

你是老师吗？ (Are you a teacher?)

46

Another way to ask yes/no question is the positive + negative pattern:

你是不是老师？ (Are you a teacher?)

你有没有电脑？ (Do you have a computer?)

你吃不吃面条？ (Do you want to eat noodles？)

爸爸去不去中国？ (Is dad going to China?)

妹妹想不想家？ (Does younger sister miss the home?)

The use of ‘...的时候...’

In English, if we are reflecting on a past time, we often say, "when I was a child"

or "when I was in school." In Chinese, this can also be expressed by using 的时

候. This is simply attached to the word or phrase indicating the time:

(Subj.) + Verb / Adj. + 的时候, ....

妹妹跑步的时候喜欢听音乐.

When younger sister runs, she likes listening to music.

爸爸工作的时候喜欢喝中国茶.

When dad works, he likes to drink Chinese tea.

我小的时候想做科学家.

When I was young, I wanted to be a scientist.

吃饭的时候不要说话.

Don’t talk when eating.

47

EXTENTION—READING (Where do you like?)

你好！我叫小美。我十三岁。我是中国人。我家有四口人，

爸爸、妈妈、弟弟和我。爸爸是一个工程师，妈妈是一个

护士，我和弟弟都是中学生。我将来想做演员，因为我喜

欢唱歌和跳舞。弟弟将来想做科学家，因为他喜欢科学，

他也觉得这个工作很有意思。

我家在中国上海。上海是一个很大的城市，那里有很多电

影院、博物馆、公园、商店和运动中心。我家的左边有两

家银行，对面有一个邮局，右边有一个图书馆，后边有一

个公共汽车站。我每天坐公共汽车去学校。我喜欢坐公共

汽车因为我觉得坐公共汽车很有意思。但是弟弟不喜欢坐

公共汽车，他喜欢骑自行车上学。

我家很大，有三个卧室、两个厕所、一个浴室、一个厨房、

一个书房和一个客厅。我家也有一个不大的花园。我家的

客厅很大，但是厨房不大。爸爸和妈妈的卧室最大，我的

卧室比弟弟的卧室大。爸爸很喜欢他的书房，因为他喜欢

看书。我不喜欢看书，我喜欢上网，我每天都上网。虽然

我喜欢上网，但是我觉得上网太多了对眼睛 (yǎn j īng: eye )

不好。妈妈喜欢做饭，她做的中国菜很好吃。她喜欢一边

做饭，一边唱歌。弟弟喜欢在花园里打篮球，他喜欢一边

打篮球一边听音乐。我们都爱我们的家。你呢？你家大

吗？你爸爸妈妈做什么工作？你喜欢你的家吗？

48

21. 补充词汇 (Extra Vocabulary)


Chapter One


菜单 cài dān menu

点菜 diǎn cài to order (from a menu)

海鲜 hǎi xiān seafood

沙拉 shā lā salad

薯条 shǔ tiáo chips

点心 diǎn xīn snack

月饼 yuè bǐng moon cake

粽子 zòng zi rice dumpling

糖果 táng guǒ confectionery

素食 sù shí vegetarian

食物 shí wù food

饮料 yǐn liào drink

酒 jiǔ wine

自助餐 zì zhù cān buffet

烤 kǎo to roast

刀叉 dāo chā knife and fork

甜 tián sweet

49

咸 xián salty

辣 là spicy

Chapter Two


天气预报 tiān qì yù bào weather forecast

气温 qì wēn temperature

最低气温 zuì dī qì wēn lowest temperature

最高气温 zuì gāo qì wēn highest temperature

亚洲 yà zhōu Asia

欧洲 ōu zhōu Europe

非洲 fēi zhōu Africa

美洲 měi zhōu America

新加坡 xīn jiā pō Singapore

马来西亚 mǎ lái xī yà Malaysia

加拿大 jiā ná dà Canada

国籍 guó jī nationality

开车 kāi chē to drive

上车 shàng chē to ge on

下车 xià chē to get off

旅游车 lǚ yóu chē coach

地铁 dì tiě tube; metro

50

Chapter Three


眼睛 yǎn jīng eye

头发 tóu fā hair

嘴 zuǐ mouth

耳朵 ěr duo ear

手 shǒu hand

脚 jiǎo foot

沙发 shā fā sofa

空调 kōng tiáo air-conditioning

洗衣机 xǐ yī jī washing machine

窗 chuāng window

舒服 shū fú comfortable

手表 shou biao watch

手机 shǒu jī mobile phone

眼镜 yǎn jìng spectacles

钟 zhōng clock

新 xīn new

旧/老 jiù/lǎo old

帽子 mào zi hat

时尚 shí shàng fashion

51

Chapter Four


飞机场 fēi jī chǎng airport

停车场 tíng chē chǎng car park

运动场 yùn dòng chǎng sports ground

球场 qiú chǎng court (football, tennis, etc)

超级市场 chāo jí shì chǎng super market

购物中心 gòu wù zhōng xīn shopping centre

教堂 jiào táng church/cathedral

酒店 jiǔ diàn hotel

地图 dì tú map

警察局 jǐng chá jú police station

动物园 dòng wù yuán zoo

公园 gōng yuán park

司机 sī jī driver

售货员 shòu huò yuán sales assistant

歌星 gē xīng singer

职业 zhí yè profession

兼职 jiān zhí part time

工资 gōng zī salary

志愿者 zhì yuàn zhě volunteer

52

22. 连接词 (Linking words)

(Writing help: Page 49 to Page 51)

因为….. 所以….. (yīn wei… suǒ yǐ) Because… therefore…

因为我的数学老师很好，所以我很喜欢数学课。

Because my Maths teacher is very good, I like Maths lessons.

虽然….. 但是….. (suī rán… dàn shì) Although... but...

虽然我喜欢上网，但是我不喜欢玩电脑游戏。

Although I like to surf the internet, I don’t like to play computer games.

除了….. 以外，也….. (chú le… yǐ wài…yě) Apart from... also...

除了打篮球以外，我也很喜欢打乒乓球。

Apart from basketball, I also like playing table tennis.

要是….. 就….. (yào shì… jiù) If... then...

要是你喜欢跑步，我们星期六就可以一起去跑步。

If you like running, we could go running together on Saturday

不但….. 而且….. (bú dàn… ér qiě…) Not only... also...

我觉得看电影不但好玩，而且也可以让我放松。

I think watching films is not only fun, but can also help me relax.

先….. 然后….. (xiān… rán hòu…) First, then...

回家以后，我先看半个小时电影，然后做作业。

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When I go home, I first watch a film for half an hour, then do homework.

….. 的时候….. (de shí hòu) When...

我小的时候很喜欢法文课，但是我现在更喜欢德文课。

When I was young, I really liked French lessons, but now I prefer German

lessons.

比 (bǐ) Comparison

我觉得看电视比看书好玩。

I think watching TV is more fun than reading books.

跟/和….. 一样 (gēn/hé ….. yī yàng) Comparison

音乐课和体育课一样难。

Music lessons are as difficult as PE lessons。

没有 Comparison

在电视上看足球比赛没有自己踢足球有意思。

Watching football matches on TV isn’t as interesting as playing football.

又….. 又….. (yòu) Both... and... (adjectives)

打网球又有意思又好玩。

Playing tennis is both interesting and fun.

54

一边….. 一边….. (yī biān….. yī biān…..) While... at the same time...

我一边吃晚饭，一边看电视。

I eat dinner while watching TV.

我最喜欢的….. 是….. The... that I most like is...

我最喜欢的运动是游泳。

The sport that I most like is swimming.

对…..（没）有兴趣 (duì… yǒu xìng qù) To be (not) interested in

something

我对电影很有兴趣。

I am really interested in films.

Giving an opinion

我觉得 (jué dé)….. / 我认为 (rèn wéi) I think…

我觉得你的姐姐很漂亮。

I think that your elder sister is very pretty.

对我来说 (duì wǒ lái shuō)…….. In my opinion…

对我来说，骑自行车去上学很快乐。

In my opinion that it is a fun riding bicycle to go to school

55

23. 偏旁部首(Radical)

Definition:

Radicals are part of Chinese characters which can give you clues about the meaning

of the character.

Radical Number of strokes/

meaning

Positions in

character Examples

冫 2 / ice left, (base) 冰

bīng

，冷

lěng

, 冻

dîng

, ( 冬

dōng

)

又 2 / also / left, base 双

shuāng

，对

duì

, 欢

huān

, 难

nán

,

力 2 / strength, power right, base, middle 力

lì

, 动

dîng

, 办

bàn

,努

nǔ

彳 3 / to walk, step left 街

jiē

, 行

háng

, 往

wǎng

, 得

dã

囗 3 / enclosure outside 国

guï

, 回

huí

, 图

tú

, 园

yuán

纟 3 / silk left / base 给

gěi

, 红

hïng

, 系

xì

饣 3 / to eat left 饭

fàn

, 饺

jiǎo

, 馆

guǎn

彡 3 / decoration right 影

yǐng

, 形

xíng

, 衫

shān

，须

xū

门 3 / gate top 问

wân

, 间

jiān

, 阅

yuâ

马 3 / horse left, base 驻

zhù

，驾

jià

，骗

piàn

http://www.ctcfl.ox.ac.uk/Lang%20work/Radicals/Ice.swf

http://www.ctcfl.ox.ac.uk/Lang%20work/Radicals/WalkingSlowly.swf

http://www.ctcfl.ox.ac.uk/Lang%20work/Radicals/Enclosure.swf

http://www.ctcfl.ox.ac.uk/Lang%20work/Radicals/Silk.swf

http://www.ctcfl.ox.ac.uk/Lang%20work/Radicals/Food.swf

http://www.ctcfl.ox.ac.uk/Lang%20work/Radicals/Bristle.swf

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木 4 / wood, tree left, top, base

桌

zhuō

, 村

cūn

, 床

chuáng

, 椅

yǐ

, 架

jià

火 4 / fire left, base 灯

dēng

, 炒

chǎo

, 烧

shāo

, 烤

kǎo

, 灭

miâ

衤 5 / garment left 袄

ǎo

, 补

bǔ

, 衬

chân

, 衫

shān

, 被

bâi

，裤

kù

目 5 / eye left, base 看

kàn

, 眼

yǎn

, 睛

jīng

, 眉

mãi

，

穴 5 / cave top 穿

chuān

, 空

kōng

, 窗

chuāng

，窟

kū

雨 8 / rain top 雪

xuě

, 雷

lãi

, 霜

shuāng

, 雾

wù

, 需

xū

http://www.ctcfl.ox.ac.uk/Lang%20work/Radicals/Clothes.swf

http://www.ctcfl.ox.ac.uk/Lang%20work/Radicals/Cave.swf

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