TECHINAL BOOK (Drawer)

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TECHINAL BOOK (Drawer)My techinal book Edgar Velasquez

This book I did with the meaning that they can learn what a career and technical drawing which is not very easy as it seems

Gordito11/11/2011

Introduction

My job is trying acontinuacion technical drawing and how we interpret a set of plans must find how many plans to build a house and to send in a good work.

Table of contentsInterpretation of Drawings ----------------------------- 4The types of plans for a building------------------------ 15Types of plans and specifications------------------------ 19Civil Engineering ------------------------------------- 24Conclusion ------------------------------------------- 31Biografia y Egrafia ------------------------------------ 32

Interpretation of drawingscan be done by computer in a caul there is a drawing program especially for architectural plans and designs of the houses facades cuts details of windows, doors and other three-dimensional look which you can see when the house call is finished almost all its details and specifications which you can put a color prederminado.

Which this program is called AutoCAD is available in most modern new year as there autocad 2007 through 2011 and 2012 and of course Avanse goods more and more complete and modern wing as estasufriendo update our generation because whenever Guatemala Avanse technology.to interpret drawings should be very familiar with all types and also should be required study and practical processes to interpret floorplans, buildings, markets, bridges, hospitals, etc.: There are several complications in interpreting wing planes but with the support and the necessary study may be interpreted very well the plans for a project.Architecture design principles in recent years there have been two major trends.1-functionalism, this trend has to do with the internal organization of space and management function the same conceptually concibiento that form follows function as external forms trend in this design are results of internal relacones.2-formalism in this function is the way the designer is seeking a design presisamente being relegated to any aspect that might prevent this purpose are structural, functional and special, etc:Designer as a black box: in this approach the design process is completely dominated by the designer's mind can not determine at what point there is still possible to systematize the design process from start to finish.Has a high degree of design creativity goes on inside the mind of the designer the ability to solve the planned design depends on a time of assimilation and internal manipulation of images that form the structure of the design.Designer as transparent box, the designer is aware stotalmente model making and because it does advance the objectives set variables and criteria to be followed before starting the search for solutions completes the analysis of the problem anticipating estratejias to follow and use to planning of the housing.Rationality dominates on creativity, the methodology less circular and more linear in the errors can survive for inadequate planning objectives and estratejias to follow.In a good design process should be considered minimum splitfollowing areas where private and social activities circulizacion of people will make use of space and dimension type of furniture.Designing environments considering minimum size, distance and height alignment and window frames depending on the type of climate the environment should have enough natural ventilation ilumincaion and have spaces for comfort and hygiene.Assess functions and working relationships both direct and indirect connection between people and how architectural space.Every building should have areas for free as they are (gardening, patios) the central municipality of the department of Guatemala has established two types of rules for these spaces are free and occupation index and index construction.Before designing and building a home there are rules and rules which must follow every designer, architect, engineer and designer and is to consult the Building Regulations.The draft plans are called so or architectural design or preliminary proposal which may be presented to a client or persoa that requires the services of the contractor or engineer or even the same artist for the design takes into account the data provided by these specifications and details such as how many rooms are needed if they need a room a laundry service and a car-port is the name given to a double garage to store two Carrr

and allow the client to its specifications and give one land under the model the cost of the work if you want luxury, simple, or medium.In these planes are not drawn too much detail for the reason just do not understand everything that is looking into Deich plane which are the presentation however these construction plans if they have any kind of detail specifications for the engineer and the architect can understand quite what is required to say in words and also for the teacher to work as masons.Most cases occur furnished plant facades and sections present some architects or engineers are using colors such perspectives or models in order to perform the work or construction.The plans: who can see both designs depending on how you want to use or make plans the engineer or architect.Game expansion plans or new construction renovations however small will have water facilities, drainage, electricity and roof structure and finishes etc: this information should be drawn and recorded on the plans.Plans for elaboration, expansion, remodeling, or demolition of a building architecturalPaperwork: the municipality of the department of Guatemala THROUGH construction has the obligation to monitor, manage and oversee all construction and demolition extensions building repairs that are carried out within its jurisdiction.The cartoonist plan should have all the basic knowledge of how you draw and interpret blueprints.Not defined how many plan should be developed for a project because each has different carcteristicas (volume of building area and lot dimension)The engineers and architects to estimate the number of plans considered the level of detail and scale.The plans for the execution of a work must contain all the information and construction details required for the elaboration of prosupuesto of the planes are forced to run in a play.

Level DimensionsDimensions are a type level accumulated dimension, but instead of taking horizontal distances (along a wall) indicates height difference (difference in height between a floor and another). For this is indicated in the plane which is the reference level known as "zero." From this level begin +1.52 dimensions (a surface that is 1 meter and 52 centimeters higher than zero) and -0.30 (an area that is 30 inches below the reference level.

The dimensions are drawn level in the plant as a circle staking crossed by a cross with two opposite quadrants painted and a number indicating the height. The measuring point is located right in the center of the circle.

Then mark the dimensions of level.Limit of the landThe boundaries of the land is drawn with a line like "line item" or "dash dot dot" and a text line that says: "EDP" (Dividing axis of land) or "L.M." (Municipal line). However, these designations vary in each country.

In a plant is essential to locate the property line to determine the position of all elements of the work.

Mainly axes are dimensioned to limit ground stake and then place each item.

So the location where work is done as follows:

Identify land boundaries demarcated by the surveyor.Axes are marked with distance rethinking the boundaries of the land.He built the main elements (walls, foundations, etc..) With distance from the axis of staking (expressed in the accumulated levels)Child elements are constructed (woodwork, paneling, ceilings, etc.) with distance from the major elements (expressed in partial dimensions)

ProjectionsThe projections are drawn with a dotted line and indicate the presence of elements that are above the horizontal cut line that determines the plant. For example, a balcony on the first floor, with a dotted line draw its outline on the floor plan, indicating that there above our heads there is an overhang.Ramp

May be something that serves to climb somewhere higher Pending Court is called when the plant, in top view so l dare grab an imaginary line from the house and giving elevation, putting in detail all divisions within the homeIn terms of rethinking not use colors, red only used in the image above to show the cut. On a stakeout what is cut and the remaining "background" differs with the thickness of line, which is above (closer to the observer is) and was drawn with thicker lines, what this below or is less important it drawn with thinner lines.

Things to take into account this close:-The design of the windows: In the cut glass windows and the frame (which are drawn with a thick line), while further away you can see the chest (the piece of wall that is below).

The door: The door is always open draw. And it also draws an imaginary line that shows the path of the door opening. This line is imaginary and unimportant, so the draw is finite. The importance of this part of the picture is telling us to side to open the door: Inside or outside, left or right and if during its course affects elements located on the premises such as a toilet.Scale

On one level all the measures are proportional, ie if the house is going to build two walls and one is twice larger than the other, the plane will be a twice as long than the other. If they are both equal, measured at the same.We can say that all elements maintain a ratio to each other, and this proportion will have a real home. This ratio between the drawing and scale we call reality.

The plans for construction staking commonly used scales of 1:50 or 1:100.

1:50 we pronounce "one in fifty" and means that any measure of the plane is 50 times smaller than reality.

1:100 (one hundred) means that everything is 100 times smaller, as measured at the 1 cm (centimeter) in reality measured 1m (meter)

Many people do not feel comfortable when dealing with numbers and have difficulty understanding the meaning of the scale, but interpreting a scale does not necessarily require translation to understand metric units, is simpler: if a plane indicates that the scale is 1: 50 placed on it, for example, a shoe, and the distance that the shoe cover on the plane means that to cover that distance in real need shoes threading 50 as used.

DimensionsAs we have seen could take all of the work by measuring with a ruler or a scaler drawing. However the staking plan has a graphic element (the dimension), which marks a measure summarizing the construction work and avoiding possible confusion when you need a measurement.

There are three types of dimensions, the three have the same end point measurements of objects in the plane.Dimensions partial =

They measure a distance in the plane: the distance between walls to know the extent of local column wheelbase, the distance between the edge of a carpenter and the closer, and so on.

Are drawn as a line crossed by smaller ones on the ends that indicate where to where you are taking the measure.

Principio del formulario

The types of plans for a building

Bounded plane and center of the Dimensions walls or columns that are needed most important state in bounded planes are the center or axis based on these measures does the stroke in this work are indicated by a line exactly in the center of wall or column.Location map is said to be the site provided the site and where is located the house or lot where is the cas or where you want to build this plane shows the best ways to reach if our home.Plan furnished: a plant has furnished, the furniture which are all that take the house and also has a main front two cuts and a longitudinal cross which indicates how to stay home.

Plant roof structure: it carries details of beams and joists specifications such as slab, slab siding prefabricated mesh details, Paaralang, Vigar reinforced etc:Plan to install sanitary sewers and stormwater details and other symbologies s box specifications.Plan of electrical installation must carry an electric lighting plant and power ilumincion symbology and specifications.

The plans are comprehensive graphical representation of all elements posed a project. They are, planes, planegeometry of the planned works so that completely defines its three dimensions.The plans show dimensions, surface and volumetric linear dimensions of all buildings and actions that involve the work developed by the designer.

The plan defines the work to be developed by the Contractor and make the most widely used project document on site.

PROCEDURE AND STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE.

The planes are commonly used documents that constitute the project and therefore should be complete, and concise enough, ie include all the information needed to perform the work covered by the project as specifically as possible and without useless or unnecessary information.

The plans must contain all the necessary details for the full and effective representation of the works.The plans must be descriptive enough for the accurate execution of works, whose effects should be deduced from them the plans work or shop assistants and measurements as a basis for the relevant assessments.

The dimensions at all levels are generally dimensioned in meters to two decimal places. As an exception, the diameters of armor, pipes, etc.. are expressed in millimeters, of the symbol standing behind the number that corresponds.In the shop drawings, furniture, machinery, etc. are usually narrow dimensions in mm.It must be possible, except in special cases, measurements of all items without using the bounded dimensions.

In particular, not to include detailed cutting, shall be possible to deduce directly from the plans, all the geometric dimensions of the same, by means of appropriate notes or additional specifications that define unequivocally.

As regards structures, contain, where appropriate:Details of special devices such as support or liaison.Will also indications on the appropriate arrows to set the forms and processes of implementation.At each level must appear on the lower right of it, a table with the strength characteristics of concrete and steel used in the elements that define this plane, and the levels of control provided

TYPES OF PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS

The plans can be both general and detailed to carry out work in the field and shop equipment.Their number must not be prefixed and to make as many planes as needed, given its almost exclusive use in the work at all levels.

The plans must be standardized according to the UNE fleeing the large and unwieldy formats.The planes are made taking into account the normalization of the effect. The format used is the smaller A4 UNE 1011, the formats are bent over him according to UNE 1027, for proper file away.

Normally the original plans are deposited in the archives of the Technical Office, using a copy of them, both for the legal processing of the project and for its execution.

SITUATION AND LOCATION PLANS.

The site location plans and drawings are those that show the location of the work that defines the project in relation to their environment at greatly reduced.Although we can not establish semantic difference between the concepts of situation and location is unusual and custom supports the site plan called the timely location of the works of design and location to the plane somewhat larger scale where the works are located appreciably and it is recorded on the orientation and general distribution.

In terms of situation has to show clearly the situation of the works within a municipality, county, island, province or nation.At the situation should be recorded from near and far environment with access roads, the municipalities near, far more important cities, ports, airports, factories, and other issues of potential interest for design purposes and work.

In the site plans will outline the limits of the project area so as to distinguish in plant forms and relationships with their local surroundings.

LAYOUT and Topo Maps.

The Spanish Geographic Institute has distributed a grid of fixed points throughout the nation with its coordinate expression of absolute value. Based on several of these points may be established properly verified topography "required for each project.In most cases will be unnecessary to make closure with these points, the designer can establish fixed points as it deems appropriate for its exclusive use, for it can help in the existence in the market for land surveys that may be of very useful.The basic points are fixed for the redesign of fitness and be testable by immobility around existing buildings that do not raise doubts.Geology and Geotechnics.For the calculation of a foundation structure we need to know the resistance capacity of the land, this will have to make surveys, tests and trials necessary to be included in the project to a specific schedule.

Minor works, their magnitudes and characteristics, it is necessary to resort to the polls and take it as a ground bearing capacity estimated by upcoming experiments, we will have to correct variations in the calculations if, after completing the excavations and findings appropriate.

GENERAL FLOORPLANS.

In the general floor plan shows a small scale all the project elements that allow us to place its parts into a whole. The general plan is to be an aerial view of the whole.

The scales used for general plant vary depending on the magnitudes of the projected work.

Floor plans.

The plant, such as vertical projection is essential to the geometric definition of the projected works. The number of floor plans of a project can be large and should be such that precisely and accurately know all that we intend to run.

In a building project to draw the different plants would be, for example:

Excavation plan.Foundation plan.Floor Plan 1 .2 nd Floor Plan.Deck Plan.

Civil Engineering

engineer is responsible for making the budget of the work the quotation of the material very good job of strengthening all foundations and all columns and the skeleton of the house as it is usually called the structure of the house ie all the grate.

As it can be very well the work the architect is responsible for housing and other design like the engineer can do the same except that both have different content in his career is very similar but the engineer is subjected to more concepts and more proposals and load as many material and other land area.The engineer considers and analyzes and calculates the weights and types of efforts that will be submitted that forms the skeleton of a building structure based on the results calculated and designed the horizontal and vertical elements that support the skeleton so that it specifies the conditions should have the land on which rests the building.The skeleton is the tough part of the building is known as a structural system which calculates the engineer.I know civil engineer civil engineer, but how would a civil engineer in civil engineering? civil works is one of the entries that a person can take to study civil engineering.

Just to clarify, this type of professional can perform in public and private companies related to construction works, roads, hydraulic, sanitary and construction materials and equipment.Civil Engineer civil works is only used in countries like Chile for engineers dedicated to the structures and construction. This is done to differentiate it from other fields of engineering, civil misnamed (eletric civil engineering, civil engineering, mechanical ...)In other countries the civil works engineer is called single civil engineer, and other specialties are not civil prefix, eg. mining engineer, electrical engineer.So the term "civil engineer" refers to engineer dedicated to civil works.

Civil engineering is a branch of engineering that applies the knowledge of physics, chemistry, calculus, geography and geology in the development of infrastructure, water conservancy and transportation. The term "civil" its origin is due to differential military engineering.Civil engineering is a branch of engineering that applies the knowledge of physics, chemistry, calculus, geography and geology in the development of infrastructure, water conservancy and transportation. The term "civil" its origin is due to differential military engineering.It also has a strong organization that achieves its application in the management of urban environment mainly rural and often, not only in terms of construction, but also the maintenance, control and operation of the buildings, as well as in planning Life in the environment designed from the same. This includes territorial organization plans such as disaster prevention, traffic control and transport, water management, utilities, waste and all activities that guarantee the welfare of humanity develops his life on the civil works constructed and operated by engineers.

Currently the difference is (theoretically) that the civil engineer has authority in all specialties of the civil branch, the ITOP as all depends on the technical engineering expertise in terms of powers. ITOP specialties are civil construction, hydraulics and hydrology and transport and urban (I called the latter). In practice the matter is less clear, in general civil engineers for the same specialty with greater power for signature.

The degrees today inherit the powers of the technical engineering since so far there are no professions regulated by decree for the new qualifications. I hope that in the near future, degrees in engineering and acquire new regulated professions that fall into the old model engineering and engineering first second (engineering and technical engineering)It also has a strong organization that achieves its application in the management of urban environment mainly rural and often, not only in terms of construction, but also the maintenance, control and operation of the buildings, as well as in planning Life in the environment designed from the same. This includes territorial organization plans such as disaster prevention, traffic control and transport, water management, utilities, waste and all activities that guarantee the welfare of humanity develops his life on the civil works constructed and operated by engineers

The knowledge needed to practice civil engineering are: knowledge bases and both geometry and all sorts of calculations and mathematical manipulations that are applicable to engineering problems. Knowledge of calculation of stresses and deformations in structures with different actions (behavior of the beams of a bridge before the passage of a train, a prey to the hydrostatic pressure of water that retains a shoe to transmit the weight of the structure that sustains the field.) Knowledge of the materials to be used in the execution of the work (strength, weight, aging, etc.).. Knowledge of the behavior of ground to the requests of the structures that support it (bearing capacity, stability to these solicitations, etc.).. Knowledge of hydrology for flood or flow calculation for the design of dams and weirs, bridge clearance sizing, etc.. Knowledge of gauging calculation techniques for the design of roads, etc.. Knowledge of aesthetics, history, art, landscape, etc.. In Spain, as in France, knowledge of urban and regional planning, which allow you to understand the strong territorial implications and population management posed by large infrastructure projects. And, of course, knowledge of procedures, techniques and machinery necessary for the application of previous knowledge.

In general, there are a number of possible technical solutions for the same problem and many times none of them is clearly preferable to another. It is the work of a Civil Engineer to know all of them less suitable to rule and consider only those most promising, saving time and money. It is also the duty of Civil Engineering knowledge of the possible embodiments of the solution or machinery available for it. Must also have the expertise to evaluate the possible problems that may arise in the work and take the right decision, considering, among others, aspects of social and environmental.

A civil engineeris the person who practices civil engineering, one of many branches of engineering. Originally the term applied to the engineers working on public works projects, in contrast to the military engineer, who was engaged in weapons and defense. Over time, various branches of engineering have differentiated civil engineering, such as chemical engineering, mechanical engineering and electrical engineering, while much of the work of military engineers have been absorbed by the civil engineering.It is common ignorance of the work of this kind of engineer for the general public, mainly because public works are the main source of political popularity.Academic qualificationsA civil engineer must have at least bachelor's degree in civil engineering awarded by an institution of higher education.

Conclucion

Finally the termincaion of my technical work of my book was motivated by some who are interested in the technical design to meet their goals and dreams that can improve day by day not to remain satisfied with what they have.

Biography - egrafiawww.mozilla firefox.comhttp://www.google.com.gt/search?hl=es&q=interpretacion+de+planos+de+construccion&gs_

http://es.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aprender_a_leer_planos/Los_planoshttp://www.casasconfortables.net/planos.htmhttp://www.google.com.gt/imgres?q=tipos+de+planos+de+agua+pluviales&umhttp://www.google.com.gt/search?hl=es&q=tipos+de+planos+de+construccion&gshttp://www.google.com.gt/search?hl=es&q=tipos+de+planos+de+construccion&gs_http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingeniero_civil

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