My Presentation Orig

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SUBMITTED BY :

RAMAKANT SHARMA08ESMEC081

SUMMER TRAINING

PRESENTATION


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COMPANY INTRODUCTION

Ginni International Limited is an established textile manufacturingcompany with a reputation of being a trusted supplier of cotton yarn,grey fabric and denim fabric in India and overseas. The companystarted its commercial production in 1996 . The company achieved theISO certification in 1997 and products anywhere in the world.

Production capacity 850 tons of yarn and 12 lac meters of cloth permonth.

Employment about 1200 persons.

Company has already set up a denim fabric plant to process 10 millionmeter Grey Fabric annually which has already started in dec. 2006.


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AUTOMATION

Industrial Automation is the use of control systems and informationtechnologies to control industrial machinery and processes,replacing human operators.

ADVANTAGES:

Replacing humans in tasks done in dangerous environments. Performing tasks that are beyond human capabilities of size, weight,

speed, endurance, etc. Increased productivity Tighter quality control, waste reduction.

DISADVANTAGES: High initial cost Technology limits Unpredictable development costs


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Applications of Automation-

Automated Video surveillance

Automated Highway System

Automated manufacturing

Home Automation


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sensors Sensors are devices used to provide information on the

presence or absence of an object and its position.


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Types of Sensors:

There are four types of sensors:1. Inductive

2. Capacitive

3. ultrasonic

4. photoelectric


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Inductive Sensors:

These sensors detect the presence of an object without coming intophysical contact with object.

The sensor has an electromagnetic coil which is used to detect the

presence of a conductive metal object. The sensor will ignore thepresence of an object if it is not metal.


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inductive sensors are operated using an Eddy Current Killed Oscillator (ECKO)

principle. This type of sensor consists of four elements: coil, oscillator, trigger circuit, and an output. The oscillator is an inductive capacitive tuned circuit that creates a

radio frequency. The electromagnetic field produced by the oscillator is emitted from

the coil away from the face of the sensor. The circuit has just enough feedback from

the field to keep the oscillator going.


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Operation:


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Capacitive Sensors Capacitive sensors are similar to inductive sensors. The main difference between the

two types is that capacitive sensors produce an electrostatic field instead of an

electromagnetic field. Capacitive switches will sense metal as well as nonmetallic

materials such as paper, glass, liquids, and cloth.


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Operation:


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Ultrasonic Sensors:

Ultrasonic sensors use a transducer to send and receive high frequency sound signals.

When a target enters the beam the sound is reflected back to the switch, causing it to

energize or deenergize the output circuit.


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The time interval between the transmitted signal and the echois directly proportional to the distance between the object and sensor.


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PLC (programmable logic controller):

early electrical control was based on relays. These relays allow power to be switched

on and off without a mechanical switch. It is common to use relays to make simplelogical control decisions. The development of low cost computer has brought the

most recent revolution , the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). The advent of

the PLC began in the 1970s, and has become the most common choice for

manufacturing controls.


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A PLC interfaces with the field input and output devices that are part of a control application.

Then, through the control program stored in its memory, the PLC uses the data supplied by theinput devices to manipulate or control the output devices.

A PLC measures or senses signals coming from a machine or process. Then, through

its internal program, the PLC provides control back to the machine or process.


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PLC Components

A PLC is made up of two basic components :

input/output (I/O) system

central processing unit (CPU)

The input/output system is the part of the PLC that physically connects to devices

in the outside world. The central processing unit, on the other hand, is where thePLC stores all of its data and does all of its computer processing.

Each of the components of a PLC has specific functions:

Input/Output System: The input/output system is made up of two components, the

input interface and the output interface .An input interface is a bank of terminalsthat physically connects input devices, like push buttons and limit switches, to a

PLC. These input devices provide data to the PLC. The role of an input interface is

to translate data from the inputs into a form that the PLCs central processing unit

can understand.


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An output interface is a bank of terminals that physically connectsoutput devices,such as solenoids and motor starters, to aPLC. These output devices receive controldata from a PLC. Therole of an output interface is to translate data from the PLCsCPU into a form that the output devices can understand.To put it simply, the I/O systemcommunicates information fromthe input devices to the CPU. It also communicatesdata fromthe CPU to the output devices.


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CPU

The CPU is made up of three parts

1. memory system

2. processor

3. power supply

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The memory system stores the PLCs control program, as well as the datareceived from and sent to the I/O system. It also keeps track of which I/O devices are

connected to which I/O interfaces.

The processor is the computerized part of the CPU that performs the controlprogram. It manipulates the data stored in the memory system and determines what

control output should occur based on the given input conditions.

The power supplyprovides power to both the memory system and processor sothat they have power and so that they work properly.


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PLC Operation

All PLCs, perform a three-step operation called a scan The scan consists of:

1. reading the input data that the PLC receives from the input devices

2. executing the control program stored in memory

3. updating, or writing, the status of the output devices based on the outcome of the

control program execution

The scan can be broken up into two different parts, the I/O scan and the program scan

During the I/O scan,the PLC reads inputs and updates the outputs. During the

programscan, the PLC executes the control program.


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The scan time is the specific amount of time required for a PLC to perform both the I/O

scan and the program scan. Each PLCs scan time is different.

Number Systems:Number systems are used to represent data in a PLC.

PLC uses several different types of number systems to represent program data, address

data, and internal data. They are:

binary

decimal

hexadecimal

octal

binary codes


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