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Cover
Title Pages
Copyright page
Table of Contents
Preface
THE MIDDLE AGES (to ca. 1485)
Introduction
Timeline
ANGLO-‐SAXON LITERATURE
BEDE (ca. 673-‐735) and CAEDMON’s HYMN
From An Ecclesiastical History of the English People
[The Story of Caedmon]
THE DREAM OF THE ROOD
The Dream of the Rood
BEOWULF
JUDITH
THE WANDERER
THE WIFE’S LAMENT
IRISH LITERATURE
CUCHULAINN’s BOYHOOD DEEDS
EARLY IRISH LYRICS
The Scholar and His Cat
The Scribe in the Woods
The Lord of Creation
My Hand Is Weary with Writing
ANGLO-‐NORMAN LITERATURE
THE MYTH OF ARTHUR’s RETURN
GEOFFREY OF MOMOUTH: From The History of the Kings of Britain
WACE: From Roman de Brut
LAYAMON: From Brut
THOMAS OF ENGLAND
From Le Roman de Tristran
[The Deaths of Tristan and Ysolt]
ANCRENE WISSE (GUIDE FOR ANCHORESSES)
The Ancrene Wisse (Guide for Anchoresses)
[The Sweetness and Pains of Enclosure]
ROMANCE
MARIE DE FRANCE
Milun
Lanval
Chevrefoil (The Honeysuckle)
SIR ORFEO (ca. 1300)
Sir Orfeo
MIDDLE ENGLISH LITERATURE IN THE FOURTEENTH AND FIFTEENTH CENTURIES
SIR GAWAIN AND THE GREEN KNIGHT (ca. 1375-‐1400)
GEOFFREY CHAUCER (ca. 1343-‐1400)
The Canterbury Tales
The General Prologue
The General Prologue
Summary: The Knight’s Tale
The Miller’s Prologue and Tale
The Prologue
The Tale
The Man of Law’s Epilogue
The Wife of Bath’s Prologue and Tale
The Prologue
The Tale
The Pardoner’s Prologue and Tale
The Introduction
The Prologue
The Tale
The Epilogue
The Nun Priest’s Tale
[Close of Canterbury Tales]
From The Parson’s Tale
The Introduction
Chaucer’s Retraction
LYRICS AND OCCASIONAL VERSE
Troilus’s Song
Truth
To His Scribe Adam
Complaint to His Purse
JOHN GOWER (ca. 1330-‐1408)
From The Lover’s Confession
The Tale of Philomene and Tereus
THOMAS HOCCLEVE (ca. 1367-‐1426)
My Compleinte
WILLIAM LANGLAND (ca. 1330-‐1387)
From The Vision of Piers Plowman
From The Prologue [The Field of Folk]
Passus 1 [The Treasure of Truth]
From Passus 5 [Piers Plowman Shows the Way to Saint Truth]
Passus 6 [The Plowing of Pier’s Half-‐Acre]
Passus 7 [Piers Tears Truth’s Pardon]
From The C-‐Text [The Dreamer Meets Conscience and Reason]
CHRIST’S HUMANITY
WILLIAM LANGLAND
The Vision of Piers Plowman
Passus 18 [The Crucifiction and Harrowing of Hell]
MIDDLE ENGLISH INCARNATION AND CRUCIFICTION LYRICS
What is he, this lordling, that cometh from the fight
Ye That Pasen by the Weye
Sunset on Calvary
I Sing of a Maiden
Adam Lay Bound
The Corpus Christi Carol
JULIAN OF NORWICH (1342-‐ca. 1416)
From A Book of Showings to the Anchoress Julian of Norwich
Chapter 3 [Julian’s Bodily Sickness and the Wounds of Christ]
Chapter 4 [Christ’s Passion and Incarnation]
Chapter 5 [All Creation as a Hazelnut]
Chapter 7 [Christ as Homely and Courteous]
Chapter 27 [Sin is Fitting]
Chapters 58, 59, 60, 61 [Jesus as Mother]
From Chapter 58
From Chapter 59
Chapter 60
Chapter 61
Chapter 86 [Christ’s Meaning]
MARGERY KEMPE (ca. 1373-‐1438)
From The Book of Margery Kempe
Book 1.1 [The Birth of Her First Child and Her First Vision]
Book 1.11 [Margery and Her Husband Reach a Settlement]
Book 1.20 [Margery Sees the Host Flutter at Mass]
Book 1.28 [Pilgrimage to Jerusalem]
Book 1.35-‐36 [Margery’s Marriage to and Intimacy with Christ]
Book 1.60 [Margery’s Reaction to a Pietà]
Book 1.76 [Margery Nurses her Husband in His Old Age]
Book 1.79 [Margery’s Vision of the Passion Sequence]
THE YORK PLAY OF THE CRUCIFIXION (ca. 1425)
The York Play of the Crucifixion
MYSTERY PLAYS
The Wakefield Second Shepherds’ Play
The Second Shepherds’ Play
MIDDLE ENGLISH LYRICS
Foweles in the Frith
The Cuckoo Song
Alison
My Lief Is Faren in Londe
Western Wind
I Am of Ireland
SIR THOMAS MALORY (ca. 1405-‐1471)
From Morte Darthur
[The Conspiracy against Lancelot and Guinevere]
[War Breaks Out Between Arthur and Lancelot]
[The Death of Arthur]
[The Deaths of Lancelot and Guinevere]
ROBERT HENRYSON (ca. 1425-‐ca. 1500)
The Cock and the Fox
EVERYMAN (after 1485)
Everyman
THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY (1485-‐1603)
Timeline
JOHN SKELTON (ca. 1460-‐1529)
Mannerly Margery Milk and Ale
With lullay, lullay, like a child
From The Tunning of Elinour Rumming
SIR THOMAS MORE (1478-‐1535)
Utopia
Thomas More to Peter Giles, Greetings
Book I
Book II
Geography of Utopia
Their Cities, Especially Amaurot
Their Officials
Their Occupations
Social Relations
The Travels [and Trade] of the Utopians
[Their Attitude to Gold and Silver]
[Their Philosophy]
[Their Delight in Learning]
[Sample of the Utopian Language]
Slaves
[Suicide and Euthanasia]
[Marriage and Divorce]
[Punishments and Rewards, Customs and Laws]
[Foreign Relations]
Military Practices
The Religions of the Utopians
Thomas More to His Friend Peter Giles, Warmest Greetings
SIR THOMAS WYATT THE ELDER (1503-‐1542)
The long love that in my thought doth harbor
Petrarch, Rima 140
Whoso list to hunt
Petrarch Rima 190
Farewell, Love
I find no peace
Petrarch, Rima 134
My galley
Petrarch, Rima 189
Divers doth use
What vaileth truth
Madam, withouten many words
They flee from me
The Lover Showeth How He Is Forsaken of Such as He Sometime Enjoyed
My lute, awake!
Forget not yet
Blame not my lute
Stand whoso list
Who list his wealth and ease retain
Mine own John Poins
HENRY HOWARD, EARL OF SURREY (1517-‐1547)
The soote season
Petrarch, Rima 310
Love, that doth reign and live within my thought
Petrarch, Rima 164
Th’Assyrians’ king, in peace with foul desire
So cruel prison how could betide
Wyatt resteth here, that quick could never rest
O happy dames, that may embrace
Martial, the things for to attain
From The Fourth Book of Virgil
[Dido in Love]
FAITH IN CONFLICT
THE ENGLISH BIBLE
1 Corinthians 13
From Tyndale’s Translation
From The Geneva Bible
[Geneva Bible image]
From The Douay-‐Rheims Version
From The Authorized (King James) Version
WILLIAM TYNDALE
From The Obedience of a Christian Man
[The Forgiveness of Sins]
[Scriptural Interpretation]
THOMAS MORE
From A Dialogue Concerning Heresies
JOHN CALVIN
From The Institution of Christian Religion
ANNE ASKEW
From The First Examination of Anne Askew
JOHN FOXE
From Acts and Monuments
[The Death of Anne Askew]
[The burning of Thomas Cranmer image]
BOOK OF COMMON PRAYER
From The Form of Solemnization of Matrimony
BOOK OF HOMILIES
From An Homily Against Disobedience and Willful Rebellion
RICHARD HOOKER From Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity
[On the Several Kinds of Law, and On the Natural Law]
ROBERT SOUTHWELL
The Burning Babe
ROGER ASCHAM (1515-‐1568)
From The Schoolmaster
From The First Book for the Youth
[Teaching Latin]
[The Italianate Englishman]
SIR THOMAS HOBY (1530-‐1566)
From Castiglione’s The Courtier
From Book I, Sections 25-‐26
[Grace]
From Book 4, Sections 49-‐73
[The Ladder of Love]
WOMEN IN POWER
MARY I (MARY TUDOR)
Letter to Henry VIII
From An Ambassadorial Dispatch to the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V: The Coronation of Mary I
The Oration of Queen Mary in the Guildhall, on the First of February, 1554
LADY JANE GREY
From Roger Ascham’s Schoolmaster
[A Talk with Lady Jane]
From A Letter of the Lady Jane to M.H., late chaplain to the duke of Suffolk her father
[Portrait of Lady Jane Grey]
A Letter of the Lady Jane, Sent unto her Father
A Prayer of the Lady Jane
A Second Letter to Her Father
From Foxe’s Acts and Monuments
[The Words and Behavior of the Lady Jane upon the Scaffold]
MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS
From Casket Letter Number 2
A Letter to Elizabeth I, May 17, 1568
From Narrative of the Execution of the Queen of Scots
[The Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots image]
ELIZABETH I
Verses Written with a Diamond
From The Passage of Our Most Dread Sovereign Lady Queen Elizabeth through the City of London to Westminster on the Day before Her Coronation
Speech to the House of Commons, January 28, 1563
From A Speech to a Joint Delegation of Lords and Commons, November 5, 1566
From A Letter to Mary, Queen of Scots, February 24, 1567
The doubt of future foes
On Monsieur’s Departure
A Letter to Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, February 10, 1586
A Letter to Sir Amyas Paulet, August 1586
A Letter to King James VI of Scotland, February 14, 1587
Verse Exchange between Elizabeth and Sir Walter Ralegh
[Ralegh to Elizabeth]
[Elizabeth to Ralegh]
Speech to the Troops at Tilbury
The “Golden Speech”
The “Golden Speech”
EDMUND SPENSER (1552?-‐1599)
The Shepheardes Calender
To His Booke
October
The Faerie Queene
From The Faerie Queen
A Letter of the Authors
The First Booke of The Faerie Queene
From The Second Booke of The Faerie Queene
Summary
From Canto 12
[The Bower of Bliss]
From The Third Booke of The Faerie Queene
Summary
From Canto 6
[The Garden of Adonis]
Cantos 7-‐10 Summary
Canto 11
Canto 12
Amoretti and Epithalamion
From Amoretti
Sonnet 1
Sonnet 34
Sonnet 37
Sonnet 54
Sonnet 64
Sonnet 65
Sonnet 67
Sonnet 68
Sonnet 74
Sonnet 75
Sonnet 79
Epithalamion
Lines 1-‐99
Lines 100-‐199
Lines 200-‐299
Lines 300-‐399
Lines 400-‐433
RENAISSANCE LOVE AND DESIRE
THOMAS, LORD VAUX
The Aged Lover Renounceth Love
GEORGE GASCOIGNE
And if I did, what then?
The Lullaby of a Lover
EDWARD DE VERE, EARL OF OXFORD
The lively lark stretched forth her wing
FULKE GREVILLE, LORD BROOKE
From Caelica
61 (Caelica, while you do swear you love me best)
69 (When all this All doth pass from age to age)
THOMAS LODGE
Pluck the fruit and taste the pleasure
HENRY CONSTABLE
From Diana (To live in hell, and heaven to behold) SAMUEL DANIEL
From Delia
9 (If this be love, to draw a weary breath)
32 (But love whilst that thou may’st be loved again)
33 (When men shall find thy flower, thy glory, pass)
MICHAEL DRAYTON
From Idea
To the Reader of These Sonnets
6 (How many paltry, foolish, painted things)
8 (There’s nothing grieves me but that age should
haste)
50 (As in some countries far remote from hence)
61 (Since there’s no help, come, let us kiss and part)
THOMAS CAMPION
My sweetest Lesbia
I care not for these ladies
When to her lute Corinna sings
When thou must home to shades of underground
Never love unless you can
These is a garden in her face
SIR JOHN DAVIES
From Gulling Sonnets
5 (Mine eye, mine ear, my will, my wit, my heart)
BARNABE BARNES
From Parthenophil and Parthenope
63 (Jove for Europa’s love took shape of bull)
RICHARD BARNFIELD
From Cynthia
9 (Diana (on a time) walking the wood)
11 (Signing, and sadly sitting by my love)
RICHARD LINCHE
From Diella
33 (The last so sweet, so balmy, so delicious)
SIR WALTER RALEGH (1552-‐1618)
The Nymphs Reply to the Shepherd
What is our life?
[Sir Walter Ralegh to His Son]
The Lie
Farewell, false love
Methought I saw the grave where Laura lay
Nature, that washed her hands in milk
[The Author’s Epitaph, Made by Himself]
From The discovery of the large, rich, and beautiful Empire of Guiana
From The History of the World
[Conclusion: On Death]
JOHN LYLY (1554-‐1606)
From Euphues: The Anatomy of Wit
[Euphues Introduced]
SIR PHILIP SIDNEY (1554-‐1586)
The Countess of Pembroke’s Arcadia
From The Second Book of the Countess of Pembroke’s Arcadia
Chapter 1
The Defense of Poesy
The Defense of Poesy
[The Lessons of Horsemanship]
[Poetry’s Historical Importance]
[The Poet as Prophet and Creator]
[Definition and Classification of Poetry]
[Poetry versus Philosophy and History]
[The Poetic Kinds]
[Answers to Charges Against Poetry]
[Poetry in England]
[Conclusion]
Astrophil and Stella
From Astrophil and Stella
1 (“Loving in truth, and fain in verse my love to show”)
2 (“Not at first sight, nor with a dribbed shot”)
5 (“It is most true that eyes are formed to serve”)
6 (“Some lovers speak, when they their muses entertain”)
7 (“When Nature made her chief work, Stella’s eyes)
9 (“Queen Virtue’s court, which some call Stella’s face”)
10 (“Reason, in faith thou art well served”)
15 (“You that do search for every purling spring”)
16 (“In nature apt to like when I did see”)
18 (“With what sharp checks I in myself am shent”)
20 (“Fly, fly, my friends, I have my death-‐wound, fly”)
21 (“Your words, my friend [right healthful caustics], blame”)
27 (“Because I oft, in dark abstracted guise”)
28 (“You that with allegory’s curious frame”)
31 (“With how sad steps, O moon, thou climb’st the skies”)
33 (“I might [unhappy word], O me, I might)
34 (“Come, let me write. ‘And to what end?”)
37 (“My mouth doth water, and my breast doth swell”)
39 (“Come sleep! O sleep, the certain knot of peace”)
41 (“Having this day my horse, my hand, my lance”)
45 (“Stella oft sees the very face of woe”)
47 (“What, have I thus betrayed my liberty?”)
49 (“I on my horse, and Love on me doth try”)
52 (“A strife is grown between Virtue and Love”)
53 (“In martial sports I had my cunning tried”)
54 (“Because I breathe not love to every one”)
56 (“Fie, school of Patience, fie, your lesson is”)
61 (“Oft with true sighs, oft with uncalled tears”)
69 (O joy, too high for my low style to show”)
71 (“Who will in fairest book of nature know”)
72 (“Desire, though thou my old companion art”)
74 (“I never drank of Aganippe well”)
81 (“O kiss, whch dost those ruddy gems impart”)
Fourth Song (“Only joy, now here you are”)
87 (“When I was forced from Stella ever dear”)
89 (“Now that of absence the most irksome night”)
91 (“Stella, while now by Honor’s cruel might”)
94 (“Greif, find the words; for thou hast made my brain”)
Eleventh Song (“Who is it that this dark night”)
106 (“O absent presence, Stella is not here”)
108 (“When Sorrow [using mine own fire’s might]”)
MARY (SIDNEY) HERBERT, COUNTESS OF PEMBROKE (1562-‐1621)
Psalm 52
Psalm 139
CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE (1564-‐1593)
Hero and Leander
The Passionate Shepherd to His Love
Doctor Faustus
The Two Texts of Doctor Faustus
Doctor Faustus, A Text
Doctor Faustus, B Text
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE (1564-‐1616)
Sonnets
Sonnets
1 (“From fairest creatures we desire increase”)
3 (“Look in thy glass and tell the face thou viewest”)
12 (“When I do count the clock that tells the time”)
15 (“When I consider every thing that grows”)
18 (“Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day”)
19 (“Devouring Time, blunt thou the lion’s paws”)
20 (“A woman’s face with Nature’s own hand painted”)
23 (“As an unperfect actor on the stage”)
29 (“When, in disgrace with Fortune and men’s eyes”)
30 (“When to the sessions of sweet silent thought”)
33 (“Full many a glorious morning I have seen”)
35 (“No more be grieved at that which thou hast done”)
55 (“Not marble nor the gilded monuments”)
60 (“Like as the waves make toward the pebbled shore”)
62 (“Sin of self-‐love possesseth all mine eye”)
65 (“Since brass, nor stone, nor earth, nor boundless sea”)
71 (“No longer mourn for me when I am dead”)
73 (“That time of year thou may’st in me behold”)
74 (“But be contented, when that fell arrest”)
80 (“O, how I faint when I of you do write”)
85 (“My tongue-‐tied muse in manners holds her still”)
87 (“Farewell: thou art too dear for my possessing”)
93 (“So shall I live supposing thou art true”)
94 (“They that have power to hurt and will do none”)
97 (“How like a winter hath my absence been”)
98 (“From you have I been absent in the spring”)
105 (“Let not my love be called idolatry”)
106 (“When in the chronicle of wasted time”)
107 (“Not mine own fears, nor the prophetic soul”)
110 (“Alas, ‘tis true I have gone here and there”)
116 (“Let me not to the marriage of true minds”)
126 (“O thou, my lovely boy, who in thy power”)
127 (“In the old age black was not counted fair”)
128 (“How oft when thou, my music, music play’st”)
129 (“Th’ expense of spirit in a waste of shame”)
` 130 (“My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun”)
135 (“Whoever hath her wish, thou hast thy Will”)
138 (“When my love swears that she is made of truth”)
144 (“Two loves I have of comfort and despair”)
146 (“Poor soul, the center of my sinful earth”)
147 (“My love is a fever, longing still”)
152 (“In loving thee thou know’st I am foresworn”)
Twelfth Night
Othello
King Lear
THE EARLY SEVENTEENTH CENTURY 1603-‐1660
Timeline
JOHN DONNE (1572-‐1631)
From Songs and Sonnets
The Flea
The Good-‐Morrow
Song
The Undertaking
The Sun Rising
The Indifferent
The Cannonization
Song
Air and Angels
Break of Day
A Valediction: Of Weeping
Love’s Alchemy
A Nocturnal upon Saint Lucy’s Day, Being the Shortest Day
The Bait
The Apparition
A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning
The Ecstasy
The Funeral
The Blossom
The Relic
A Lecture upon the Shadow
Elegy 16. On His Mistress
Elegy 19. To His Mistress Going to Bed
Satire 3
Sappho to Philaenis
An Anatomy of the World: The First Anniversary
An Anatomy of the World: The First Anniversary
From Holy Sonnets
1 (“Thou hast made me, and shall thy work decay”)
5 (“I am a little world made cunningly”)
7 (“At the round earth’s imagined corners, blow”)
9 (“If poisonous minerals, and if that tree”)
10 (“Death, be not proud, though some have called thee”)
11 (“Spit in my face ye Jews, and pierce my side”)
13 (“What if this present were the world’s last night?”)
14 (“Batter my heart, three-‐personed God; for you”)
17 (“Since she whom I loved hath paid her last debt”)
18 (“Show me, dear Christ, thy spouse so bright and clear”)
19 (“Oh, to vex me, contraries meet in one”)
Good Friday, 1613. Riding Westward
A Hymn to Christ, at the Author’s Last Going into Germany
Hymn to God My God, in My Sickness
A Hymn to God the Father
From Devotions upon Emergent Occasions
Meditation 4
Meditation 17
From Expostulation 19
From Death’s Duel
ISSAK WALTON (1593-‐1683)
From The Life of Dr. John Donne
AEMILIA LANYER (1569-‐1645)
From Salve Deus Rex Judaeorum
The Description of Cookham
BEN JOHNSON (1572-‐1637)
Volpone, or the Fox
From Epigrams
To My Book
On Something, That Walks Somewhere
To William Camden
On My First Daughter
To John Donne
On Giles and Joan
On My First Son
On Lucy, Countess of Bedford
To Lucy, Countess of Bedford, with Mr. Donne’s Satires
To Sir Thomas Roe
Inviting a Friend to Supper
On Gut
Epitaph on S.P., a Child of Queen Elizabeth’s Chapel
From The Forest
To Penhurst
Song: To Celia
To Heaven
From Underwood
From A Celebration of Charis in Ten Lyric Pieces
A Sonnet, to the Noble Lady, the Lady Mary Wroth
My Picture Left in Scotland
The Ode on Cary and Morison
To the Immortal Memory and Friendship of That Noble Pair, Sir Lucius Cary and Sir H. Morison
Queen and Huntress
To the Memory of My Beloved, The Author, Mr. William Shakespeare, and What He Hath Left Us
Ode to Himself
MARY WROTH (1587-‐1651?)
From The Countess of Montgomery’s Urania
From Pamphilia to Amphilanthus
1 (“When night’s black mantle could most darkness prove”)
16 (“Am I thus conquered? Have I lost the powers”)
25 (“Like to the Indians scorched with the sun”)
28 Song (“Sweetest love, return again”)
39 (“Take heed mine eyes, how you your looks do cast”)
40 (“False hope which feeds but to destroy, and spill”)
64 (“Love like a juggler comes to play his prize”)
68 (“My pain, still smothered in my grieved breast”)
74 Song (“Love a child is ever crying”)
From A Crown of Sonnets Dedicated to Love
77 (“In this strange labyrinth how shall I turn”)
103 (“My muse now happy, lay thyself to rest”)
JOHN WEBSTER (1580-‐1625?)
The Duchess of Malfi
GENDER RELATIONS: CONFLICT AND COUNSEL
JOSEPH SWETNAM
From The Arraignment of Lewd, Idle, Froward and Unconstant Women
RACHEL SPEGHT
From A Muzzle for Melastomus
WILLIAM GOUGE
From Domestical Duties
Of a wife’s subjection in general
Of an husband’s superiority over a wife, to be acknowledged by the wife
Of a fond conceit that husband and wife are equal
Of a wife’s acknowledgment of her own husband’s superiority
Of wives denying honor to their own husbands
Of a wife’s obedience in general
INQUIRY AND EXPERIENCE
SIR FRANCIS BACON
From Essays
Of Truth
Of Marriage and Single Life
Of Great Place
Of Superstition
Of Plantations
Of Negotiating
Of Masques and Triumphs
Of Studies [1587 version]
Of Studies [1625 version]
From The Advancement of Learning
From Novum Organum
19
22
38
41
42
43
44
59
60
62
68
From The New Atlantis
WILLIAM HARVEY
The Anatomical Exercises of Dr. William Harvey
ROBERT BURTON
From The Anatomy of Melancholy
SIR THOMAS BROWNE
From Religio Medici
From Part 1
From Part 2
GEORGE HERBERT (1593-‐1633)
From The Temple
The Altar
Redemption
Easter
Easter Wings
Affliction (1)
Prayer (1)
Jordan (1)
Church Monuments
The Windows
Denial
Virtue
Man
Jordan (2)
Time
The Bunch of Grapes
The Pilgrimage
The Holdfast
The Collar
The Pulley
The Flower
The Forerunners
Discipline
Death
Love (3)
HENRY VAUGHAN (1621-‐1695)
From Poems
A Song to Amoret
From Silex Scintillans
Regeneration
The Retreat
Silence, and Stealth of Days
Corruption
Unprofitableness
The World
The Are All Gone into the World of Light!
Cock-‐Crowing
The Night
The Waterfall
RICHARD CRANSHAW (ca. 1613-‐1649)
From The Delights of the Muses
Music’s Duel
From Steps to the Temple
To the Infant Martyrs
I Am the Door
On the Wounds of Our Crucified Lord
Luke 11.[27] Blessed be the paps which Thou hast sucked
From Carmen Deo Nostro
In the Holy Nativity of Our Lord God: A Hymn Sung as by the Shepherds
To the Noblest and Best of Ladies, the Countess of Denbigh
The Flaming Heart
The Flaming Heart Upon the Book and Picture of the Seraphical Saint Teresa
ROBERT HERRICK (1591-‐1674)
From Hesperides
The Argument of His Book
Upon the Loss of His Mistresses
The Vine
Dreams
Delight in Disorder
His Farewell to Sack
Corrina’s Gone A-‐Maying
To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time
The Hock Cart, or Harvest Home
How Roses Came Red
Upon the Nipples of Julia’s Breast
Upon Jack and Jill. Epigram
To Marigolds
His Prayer to Ben Jonson
The Bad Season Makes the Poet Sad
The Night Piece, to Julia
Upon His Verses
His Return to London
Upon Julia’s Clothes
Upon Prue, His Maid
To His Book’s End
From Noble Numbers
To His Conscience
Another Grace for a Child
THOMAS CAREW (1595-‐1640)
An Elegy upon the Death of the Dean of Paul’s, Dr. John Donne
To Ben Jonson
A Song
To Saxham
A Rapture
RICHARD LOVELACE (1618-‐1657)
From Lucasta
To Lucasta, Going to the Wars
The Grasshopper
To Althea, from Prison
Love Made in the First Age. To Chloris
KATHERINE PHILIPS (1632-‐1664)
A Married State
Upon the Double Murder of King Charles
Friendship’s Mystery, To My Dearest Lucasia
To Mrs. M.A. at Parting
On the Death of My First and Dearest Child, Hector Philips
ANDREW MARVELL (1621-‐1678)
From Poems
The Coronet
Bermudas
A Dialogue Between the Soul and Body
The Nymph Complaining for the Death of Her Fawn
To His Coy Mistress
The Definition of Love
The Picture of Little T.C. in a Prospect of Flowers
The Mower Against Gardens
Damon the Mower
The Mower to the Glowworms
The Mower’s Song
The Garden
An Horatian Ode
[The Execution of Charles I]
Upon Appleton House
CRISIS OF AUTHORITY
REPORTING THE NEWS
From The Moderate, No. 28
[The Trial of King Charles I, The First Day]
From A Perfect Diurnal of Some Passages in Parliament, No. 288
[The Execution of Charles I]
ROBERT FILMER
From Patriarchia, or The Natural Power of Kings Defended Against the Unnatural Liberty of the People
JOHN MILTON
From The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates
GERALD WINSTANLEY
From A New Year’s Gift Sent to the Parliament and Army
THOMAS HOBBES
From Leviathan
From The Introduction
[The Artificial Man]
From Part 1. Of Man
Chapter 1. Of Sense
Chapter 13. The Natural Condition of Mankind as Concerning Their Felicity and Misery
From Chapter 14. Of The First and Second Natural Laws
From Chapter 15. Of Other Laws of Nature
From Part 2: Of Commonwealth
Chapter 17. Of the Causes, Generation, and Definition of a Commonwealth
WRITING THE SELF
LUCY HUTCHINSON
From Memoirs of the Life of Colonel John Hutchinson
[Charles I and Henrietta Maria]
EDWARD HYDE, EARL OF CLARENDON
From The History of the Rebellion
[The Character of Oliver Cromwell]
LADY ANNE HALKETT
From The Memoirs
[Springing the Duke]
DOROTHY WAUGH
A Relation Concerning Dorothy Waugh’s Cruel Usage by the Mayor of Carlisle
THOMAS TRAHERNE (1637-‐1674)
From Centuries of Meditation
Wonder
On Leaping Over the Moon
MARGARET CAVENDISH (1623-‐1673)
From Poems and Fancies
The Poetess’s Hasty Resolution
The Hunting of the Hare
From A True Relation of My Birth, Breeding, and Life
The Blazing World
The Description of a New World, Called The Blazing World
To the Reader
[The Empress Brings the Dutchess of Newcastle to the Blazing World]
[The Dutchess Wants a World to Rule]
The Epilogue to the Reader
JOHN MILTON (1608-‐1674)
From Poems
On the Morning of Christ’s Nativity
On Shakespeare
L’Allegro
Il Penseroso
Lycidas
Lycidas
From The Reason of Church Government Urged Against Prelaty
[Plans and Projects]
Areopagitica
From Areopagitica
Sonnets
How Soon Hath Time
On the New Forcers of Conscience under the Long Parliament
To the Lord General Cromwell, May 1652
When I Consider How My Light Is Spent
On the Late Massacre in Piedmont
Methought I Saw My Late Espoused Saint
Paradise Lost
Paradise Lost, Second Edition (1674)
The Restoration and the Eighteenth Century (1660–1785)
Timeline
JOHN DRYDEN (1631–1700)
Annus Mirabilis
[London Reborn]
Song from Marriage à la Mode
Absalom and Achitophel
Absalom and Achitophel: A Poem
Mac Flecknoe
To the Memory of Mr. Oldham
A Song for St. Cecilia’s Day
Epigram on Milton
Alexander’s Feast
Criticism
An Essay of Dramatic Poesy
[Two Sorts of Bad Poetry]
[The Wit of the Ancients: The Universal]
[Shakespeare and Ben Jonson Compared]
The Author’s Apology for Heroic Poetry and Heroic License
[“Boldness” of Figures and Tropes Defended: The Appeal to “Nature”]
[Wit as “Propriety”]
A Discourse Concerning the Original and Progress of Satire
[The Art of Satire]
The Preface to Fables Ancient and Modern
[In Praise of Chaucer]
SAMUEL PEPYS (1633–1703)
The Diary
[The Great Fire]
[The Deb Willet Affair]
JOHN BUNYAN (1628–1688)
The Pilgrim’s Progress
[Christian Sets out for the Celestial City]
[The Slough of Despond]
[Vanity Fair]
[The River of Death and the Celestial City]
JOHN LOCKE (1632–1704)
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
From The Epistle to the Reader
IR ISAAC NEWTON (1642–1727)
From A Letter of Mr. Isaac Newton
SAMUEL BUTLER (1612–1680)
[Hudibras engraving by William Hogarth]
Hudibras
From Part 1, Canto 1
JOHN WILMOT, SECOND EARL OF ROCHESTER (1647–1680)
[Lord Rochester with a Monkey and a Book]
The Disabled Debauchee
The Imperfect Enjoyment
Upon Nothing
A Satire against Reason and Mankind
A Satire Against Reason and Mankind
APHRA BEHN (1640?–1689)
The Disappointment
Oroonoko, or The Royal Slave
WILLIAM CONGREVE (1670–1729)
The Way of the World
MARY ASTELL (1666–1731)
From Some Reflections upon Marriage
DANIEL DEFOE (ca. 1660–1731)
Roxana
[The Cons of Marriage]
ANNE FINCH, COUNTESS OF WINCHILSEA (1661–1720)
The Introduction
A Nocturnal Reverie
LOW PEOPLE AND HIGH PEOPLE
HENRY FIELDING
Concerning High People and Low People
MATTHEW PRIOR
An Epitaph
WORKING-‐CLASS GENIUSES
STEPHEN DUCK
From The Thresher’s Labour
On Mites, to a Lady
MARY COLLIER
From The Woman’s Labor
MARY BARBER
An Unanswerable Apology for the Rich
MARY JONES
Soliloquy on an Empty Purse
LAWRENCE STERNE
From A Sentimental Journey through France and Italy
THOMAS CHATTERTON
An Excelente Balade of Charitie
[Heads of Six of Hogarth’s Servants]
SAMUEL JOHNSON
On the Death of Dr. Robert Levet
GEORGE CRABBE
From The Village
JONATHAN SWIFT (1667–1745)
A Description of a City Shower
Verses on the Death of Dr. Swift
From A Tale of a Tub
From Gulliver’s Travels
A Modest Proposal
JOSEPH ADDISON (1672–1719) and SIR RICHARD STEELE (1672–1729)
The Periodical Essay: Manners, Society, Gender
Steele: [The Spectator’s Club] (Spectator 2)
Addison: [The Aims of the Spectator] (Spectator 10)
Steele: [Inkle and Yarico] (Spectator 11)
Addison: [The Royal Exchange] (Spectator 69)
[Etching of the Royal Exchange]
The Periodical Essay: Ideas
Addison: [Wit: True, False, Mixed] (Spectator 62)
Addison: [Paradise Lost: General Critical Remarks] (Spectator 267)
Addison: [The Pleasures of the Imagination] (Spectator 411)
Addison: [On the Scale of Being] (Spectator 519)
ALEXANDER POPE (1688–1744)
An Essay on Criticism
The Rape of the Lock
Eloisa to Abelard
From An Essay on Man
Epistle 1: Of the Nature and State of Man, with Respect to the Universe
From Epistle 2: Of the Nature and State of Man with Respect to Himself, as an Individual
1
Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot
The Dunciad: Book the Fourth
ELIZA HAYWOOD (1693?–1756)
Fantomina; or, Love in a Maze
LADY MARY WORTLEY MONTAGU (1689–1762)
The Turkish Embassy Letters
[“The Women’s Coffee House”; or, the Turkish Baths]
[The Turkish Method of Inoculation for the Small Pox]
Epistle from Mrs. Yonge to Her Husband
DEBATING WOMEN: ARGUMENTS IN VERSE
JONATHAN SWIFT
The Lady’s Dressing Room
LADY MARY WORTLEY MONTAGU
The Reasons That Induced Dr. Swift to Write a Poem Called the Lady’s Dressing Room
ALEXANDER POPE
Epistle 2. To a Lady
ANNE INGRAM, VISCOUNTESS IRWIN
An Epistle to Mr. Pope
MARY LEAPOR
An Essay on Woman
An Epistle to a Lady
JOHN GAY (1685–1732)
The Beggar’s Opera
WILLIAM HOGARTH (1697–1764)
Marriage A-‐la-‐Mode
Plate 1. The Marriage Contract
Plate 2. After the Marriage
Plate 3. The Scene with the Quack
Plate 4. The Countess’s Levee
Plate 5. The Death of the Earl
Plate 6. The Death of the Countess
SAMUEL JOHNSON (1709–1784)
The Vanity of Human Wishes
Rambler No. 5 [On Spring]
Idler No. 31 [On Idleness]
The History of Rasselas, Prince of Abyssinia
Rambler No. 4 [On Fiction]
Rambler No. 60 [Biography]
A Dictionary of the English Language
From A Dictionary of the English Language
Preface
[Some Definitions: A Small Anthology]
The Preface to Shakespeare
From The Preface to Shakespeare
[Shakespeare’s Excellence. General Nature]
[Shakespeare’s Faults. The Three Dramatic Unities]
[Twelfth Night]
[King Lear]
[Othello]
Lives of the Poets
Cowley
[Metaphysical Wit]
Milton
[“Lycidas”]
[Paradise Lost]
Pope
[Pope’s Intellectual Character. Pope and Dryden Compared]
JAMES BOSWELL (1740–1795)
Boswell on the Grand Tour
[Boswell Interviews Voltaire]
The Life of Samuel Johnson, LL.D.
[Plan of the Life]
[Johnson’s Early Years. Marriage and London]
[The Letter to Chesterfield]
[A Memorable Year: Boswell Meets Johnson]
[Goldsmith. Sundry Opinions. Johnson Meets His King]
[Fear of Death]
[Ossian. “Talking for Victory”]
[Dinner with Wilkes]
[Dread of Solitude]
[“A Bottom of Good Sense.” Bet Flint. “Clear Your Mind of Cant”]
[Johnson Prepares for Death]
[Johnson Faces Death]
FRANCES BURNEY (1752–1840)
The Journal and Letters
[First Journal Entry]
[Mr. Barlow’s Proposal]
[“Down with her, Burney!”]
[A Young and Agreeable Infidel]
[Encountering the King]
[A Mastectomy]
[M. D’Arblay’s Postscript]
LIBERTY
[William Blake, Europe Supported by Africa & America]
JOHN LOCKE
Two Treatises of Government
Chapter IV. Of Slavery 3015
Chapter IX. Of the Ends of Political Society and Government
MARY ASTELL
From A Preface, in Answer to Some Objections to Reflections upon Marriage
JAMES THOMSON
[T. Medland, The Gothic Temple of Liberty]
Ode: Rule, Britannia
DAVID HUME
Of the Liberty of the Press
EDMUND BURKE
Speech on the Conciliation with the American Colonies
SAMUEL JOHNSON
[A Brief to Free a Slave]
OLAUDAH EQUIANO
[William Blake, A Coromantyn Free Negro, or Ranger, Armed]
The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African, Written by Himself
[The Middle Passage]
[A Free Man]
JAMES THOMSON (1700–1748)
The Seasons
Autumn
[Evening and Night]
THOMAS GRAY (1716–1771)
Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College
Ode on the Death of a Favorite Cat
Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard
WILLIAM COLLINS (1721–1759)
Ode on the Poetical Character
Ode to Evening
CHRISTOPHER SMART (1722–1771)
Jubilate Agno
[My Cat Jeoffry]
OLIVER GOLDSMITH (ca. 1730–1774)
[Thomas Hainsborough, The Cottage Door]
The Deserted Village
WILLIAM COWPER (1731–1800)
The Task
The Castaway
APPENDIXES
Image Galleries
Selected Bibliographies
General Bibliography
The Middle Ages
The Sixteenth Century
The Early Seventeenth Century
The Restoration and the Eighteenth Century
Literary Terminology
Geographic Nomenclature
British Money
The British Baronage
The Royal Lines of England and Great Britain
Religions in England
Illustration: The Universe According to Ptolemy
A London Playhouse in Shakespeare’s Time
Permissions Acknowledgments
Index
