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Notes: Unit 1--Carbohydrates

(1) What is a carbohydrate?

• Type of Biomolecule

• Means: “hydrated carbon”– Has the same ratio of H and O as in Water

(2) Elements

• Carbon (C)

• Hydrogen (H)

• Oxygen (O)

(3) Monomer

• Monomer: Basic unit or Smallest unit of a polymer (larger molecule).

• Carbohydrate Monomer:– Monosaccharide = Single Sugar

(4) Polymer

• Polymer: A larger structure (molecule) made of many smaller units (monomers).

• Carbohydrate Polymer:– Polysaccharide = Many sugars

(5) Types of Carbohydrates• Monosaccharide = 1 Sugar

– Simple Sugar or Carb– Examples: Glucose, Fructose

• Disaccharide = 2 Sugars– Simple Sugar or Carb– Examples: Sucrose, Maltose

• Polysaccharide = Many Sugars– Complex Sugar or Carb– Examples: Starch, Cellulose

(6) Function

• Major:– Immediate energy– Intermediate energy

• Minor:– Structure

(7) Examples

• Table Sugar

• Bread

• Pastries

• Plants (cell walls / outer covering)

• Potatoes

• Whole Grains

(8) Simple vs. Complex Carbs• RECALL:

– Energy is stored in bonds– More Bonds = More Energy

• Simple Carb:– Small molecule, Few molecules– Few bonds Little Energy – Few bonds Break Fast

• Complex Carb:– Large molecule, Many parts– Many bonds Lots of Energy– Many bonds Break Slowly