NATIONAL CONFRENCE ON AGRICULTURE NATIONAL CONFRENCE ON AGRICULTURE

FOR FOR

KHARIF COMPAIGN - 2015KHARIF COMPAIGN - 2015

Department of Agriculture, Punjab

VENUE: NASC, PUSA COMPLEX, NEW DELHI.

PUNJAB AGRICULTURE : AN OVERVIEW

Punjab produces about 11% of country’s and 2% of world’s Rice Punjab produces about 11% of country’s and 2% of world’s Rice

• Area (geographical) : 50.33 lakh ha

• Net sown area: 41.80lakh ha (83% of state’s Geographicalarea)

• Irrigated area: 40.86 lakh ha (98.8%)

– Canals : 11.16 lakh ha (27.3%)

– Tubewells : 29.70 lakh ha (72.7%) through 14.04 lakh

tubewells

• Total cropped area: 79.01 lakh ha

• Cropping intensity: 191%

• Cropping Systems : Rice-Wheat; Cotton-Wheat; and Maize-

Wheat

• During 2013-14 Punjab produced a 294.80 LMT of food grains

RABI ASSESSMENTRABI ASSESSMENTArea= Lac.ha. Prod.= Lac.MT.Area= Lac.ha. Prod.= Lac.MT.

S.NO.

CROP Rabi 2013-14 Rabi Prospects 2014-15

Area

Production

Area Production

1. Wheat 35.12 176.20 35.00 16000

2. Barley 0.12 0.46 0.18 0.65

3. Pulses (including summer moong)

0.36 0.32 0.53 0.49

Rabi Food grains

35.60

176.98 35.71 161.14

4. Rabi Oilseed 0.32 0.42 0.42 0.55

5. Sunflower 0.11 0.19 0.08 0.14

Total 36.03 - 36.21 -

KHARIF PROSPECTSKHARIF PROSPECTSArea =Lac.ha. Prod=Lac.MT.Area =Lac.ha. Prod=Lac.MT.

Sr. No.

CROP Kharif 2014 Estimated

Proposed Target - Kharif 2015

Area Prod. Area Prod.

1 Rice 28.80 110.52 26.35 105.40

2 Maize 1.27 4.63 2.20 8.58

3 Bajra 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.05

4 Kharif Pulses 0.14 0.12 0.23 0.20

Kh. Food Grains 30.22 115.28 28.83 114.23

5 Kharif Oilseeds 0.07 0.06 0.13 0.09

6 Sugarcane 0.95 68.40 1.20 86.40

7 Cotton 4.27 12.97 5.25 18.52

Total 35.51 - 35.41 --

INITIATIVES FOR DIVERSIFICATION

Under PPP mode High yielding variety seeds of Maize were distributed to farmers on 75 % subsidy in non traditional area.

To facilitate farmers for marketing of maize crop to get better price, two commercial maize driers were installed at Saila Khurd (HPR) and at S B S Nagar.

Technical advisory given to farmers through training programs and field days organized at District, block and village level.

Latest agriculture Machinery provided to farmers on 50 % subsidy.

IPM field school were organized to promote judicious use of pesticides.

Laser land leveling promoted to conserve irrigation water.

50% assistance on micro irrigation system like drip and sprinkler.

60% assistance on micro irrigation scheme to small and marginal farmers.

5

1). Existing Soil Testing Laboratories (STLs) are being strengthened with

available man power under ATMA.

2). STLs are further strengthened with the necessary equipments,

chemicals and glassware.

3). Trainings are being imparted to both farmers regarding interpretation

of soil health cards and STL staff regarding management of soil health.

4). 1.50 lacs Soil Health Cards will be published under ATMA scheme.

5). Frontline and field demonstrations will be laid out as per action plan

2015 – 16 under NMSA.

1) Strategy to issue Soil Health Cards in time bound manner.

Soil Health Card Status

Components

2014 - 15 2015 - 16

Target Achievement Target

Soil Samples 3,51,000 3,12,000 3,51,000

Soil Health Cards 1,00,000 1,13,000 1,20,000

FERTILIZER REQUIREMENTFERTILIZER REQUIREMENT

Name of Fertilizer

Rabi 2014-15 Kharif 2014-15

Requirement Availability2014

Consumption2014

Requirement 2015

Urea 1350 1500 1280 1250

DAP 400 369 255 400

SSP 50 9 46 50

NPK 100 27 8 10

MOP 50 13 37 50

(Figures in 000 MT)

► State has two fertilizer testing labs with a capacity of 3600 samples per annum, 3610 samples analyzed up to March, 2015 out of which 94 have been found non standard.

1.SOIL HEALTH STATUS OF PUNJAB SOILS(% of Soil Samples Determined as Low Medium & High)

Nitrogen Phosphorus Potash

Low Medium High Low Medium High Low Medium High

36.1 52.9 12.5 28.1 53.4 19.0 5.0 45.0 50.0

2. Boron and sulpher deficiency:- Not a major issue in Punjab State.3. Potassium balance is a matter of concern as consumption is very

low:- The state soils are medium to high in potassium, therefore the

consumption is low.

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NATIONAL CONFERENCE KHARIF 2015

Promotion of Pulses in

Punjab State

Department of Agriculture, Punjab

Chandigarh

About Punjab:About Punjab: Area (geographical) : 5.04 m ha

Net sown area: 4.2 m ha

Total cropped area: 7.9 m ha

Irrigated area: 4.09 m ha (98.3%)• Tubewells irrigated: 2.97 m ha (73%) through 12.10 lakh

tubewells• Canals irrigated : 1.11 m ha (27%)

Cropping intensity: 191%

Major Cropping Systems : Rice-Wheat; Cotton-Wheat; and

Maize-Wheat.

AREA, PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF PULSES IN PUNJAB

YearArea

(’000’hac.)

Production

(‘000’MT)

Productivity

(Kg./hac.)

1970-71 414 308 743

1980-81 341 204 598

1990-91 149 111 745

2000-01 60 45 750

2005-06 32 25 781

2006-07 32 27 844

2007-08 28 23 821

2008-09 28 25 893

2009-10 64 59 922

2010-11 107 98 916

2011-12 125 115 920

2012-13 134 111 828

2013-14 116 100 870

2014-15* 170 145 850

CROP-WISE AREA SOWN POSITION OF PULSES DURING RABI 2014-15

Name of the

pulses crop

2013-14 TARGET FOR 2014-15

Area (000 ha.)

Prod.(000 mt)

Yield(Kg/ha)

Area (000 ha)

Prod.(000 mt)

Av. Yield

(Kg/ha)

Gram 2 2.3 1245 8 11 1375

Lentil 1 0.6 693 5 4 800

Field Peas

1 1.3 1400 10 14 1400

CROP-WISE AREA SOWN POSITION UNDER PULSES DURING KHARIF 2013-14

Name of the

pulses crop

2013-14 TARGET FOR 2014-15

Area (000 ha.)

Prod.(000 mt)

Yield(Kg/ha)

Area (000 ha.)

Prod.(000 mt)

Av.Yield(Kg/ha)

Moong (Kharif)

5 8 818 10 9 900

Moong (Zaid)

77 65 850 80 76 950

Mash 2 1 475 5 3 600

Mash (Zaid)

5 3 490 5 3 500

Arhar 3 3 907 8 8 1000

AREA UNDER SUMMER MOONG DURING 2014-15

Sr. No.

District Area in ha.

Sr. No.

District Area in ha.

1 Amritsar 7000 11 Faridkot 1600

2 Tarn Taran 8500 12 Fatehgarh Sahib 940

3 Gurdaspur 7200 13 Jallandhar 1500

4 Hoshiarpur 6000 14 Kapurthala 1200

5 Ferozepur 4500 15 Mansa 3000

6 Sangrur 8000 16 Mukatsar 1500

7 Barnala 1400 17 Nawan Shahar 2050

8 Ludhiana 17400 18 Patiala 3500

9 Ropar 1200 19 Moga 4600

10 Mohali 700 20 Bathinda 1800

Total 77090

PROMOTION OF PULSES UNDER SEED VILLAGE SCHEME

Sr. No.

Intervention Achievements 2013-14

Targets 2014-15

1. Village covered 500 500

2. No. of farmers 25000 25000

3. Area Covered 5000 ha. 5000 ha.

4. Seed Supplied on 50 % Subsidy

1875/ qtl. 2000/ qtl.

FACILITIES PROVIDED TO THE FARMERS FOR PROMOTION OF PULSES

Seed of Summer Moong is provided on subsidy @Rs. 25/- Kg. Under

National Food Security Mission-Pulses.

Subsidy @ Rs. 7500/- per hac Provided for demonstration.

Subsidy @ 4800/- hac is provided under A3P and Additional Area

Coverage of Pulses Scheme.

Weedicides, Fungicides, Pesticides etc. are provided on subsidy @50% or

Rs. 500/- hac. whichever is less.

New Machinery is provided to the farmer on subsidy

Seed @50% subsidy is provided to the farmers under Seed Village

Scheme for production of good quality of seed

PROBLEMS IN TRDITIONAL CROPING SYSTEM IN PUNJAB

• LOWERING OF GROUND WATER TABLE

• ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION DUE TO HIGH INPUTS

OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS AND PESTICIDES.

• LOSS OF SOIL PRODUCTIVITY

• PROCUREMENT PROBLEMS

BENEFIT OF PULSES PRODUCTION

• IMPROVEMENT OF SOIL FERTILITY

• REQUIREMENT OF LESS INPUTS

• SAVE NATURAL RESOURCES

• COMPONENT OF HUMAN DIET

SCOPE

– ENACTMENT OF PUNJAB PRESERVATION OF

SUB SOIL WATER ACT -2009

– AVAILABLE VARIETY FOR SUMMER MUNG

– TIME OF SOWING

– CROP -ROTATION

– AVAILABILITY OF AREA

REASON FOR DECLINE IN AREA UNDER PULSES

• PROBLEMS OF MARKETING AND FLUCTUATING PRICES LEAD TO UNCERTAINTY OF FARMERS.

• CULTIVATING OF PULSES IS LESS REMUNERATIVE THAN THAT OF FOOD GRAIN CROPS SUCH AS WHEAT AND PADDY.

• INADEQUATE AVAILABILITY OF SEED OF RECOMMENDED HIGH YIELDING VARIETIES.

• LACK OF DISEASE/PEST RESISTANT AND SALT TOLERANT VARIETIES.

• PULSES ARE NOT SURE CROPS AND PROVE TO SEVERAL ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS PEST & DISEASES ETC.

WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE FOR INCREASING THE AREA UNDER PULSES

• DESIGNATE AGENCY FOR ASSURED PROCUREMENT

• NEW VARIETIES SHOULD BE DEVELOPED AND SEED OF

THAT VARIETIES MADE AVAILABLE AT AFFORDABLE PRICE.

• AWARENESS/PUBLICITY CAMPS FOR PROMOTION OF

PULSES

• ASSURED SUPPLY OF POWER WELL IN TIME

• MECHANICAL HARVESTING/THRESHERS MADE AVAILABLE

AT PACS.

POWER OF ICT

CHALLENGES IN AGRICULTURE

Agriculture is an important sector with the majority of the rural

population in developing countries depending on it.

Sector faces major challenges of enhancing production in a

situation of dwindling natural resources necessary for production,

Water shortages, declining soil fertility, effects of climate change

and

rapid decrease of fertile agricultural lands due to urbanization

Growing demand for Agricultural products offers opportunities for

producers to sustain and improve their livelihoods.

DECISION SUPPORT FOR EHANCING KHARIF PRODUCTION

Key improvements stem from information about regulations early warning systems ,pest and disease control, new varieties, new ways to optimize production with the applicability of ICT .

Timely information for the transplantation of Non basmati variety paddy and basmati variety of paddy to arrest the falling trend in ground water

Propagation of Direct seeded rice to conserve waterLeaf color chart for the Judicious use of fertilizers. Use of Tensiometers Providing soil health cards Promoting Chisel ploughs to break the hard crust to conserve water and

increase in yield

TACKLING CHALLENGES IN AGRICULTURAL USING ICT FOR

Timely availability of information(Weather information system and Pricing)

Need for relevant Agricultural informationInitiatives to expand the reach of farm extension services through phone,

radio, video, Mobiles and Internet and sometimes all .SMS or text messaging campaigns for enabling environment advocacyApplications (apps) to help buyers manage transactions with the

thousands of small-scale farmers who supply to them

Improving market access Foster strategies and programmes with a long-term perspective

Initiatives Taken By Department of Agriculture, Punjab

1. KISAN CALL CENTRE:

• As per instructions of Govt. of India Department registered names of

State Level designating officers for Agriculture and allied

Departments to implement “Revised Escalation Matrix of KCC” .

• Department has created and forwarded User ID’s of Animal

Husbandry, Horticulture, SAU and Fisheries.

• Names of district/block experts have been registered by Department

of Agriculture, Punjab from 21 districts.

• Now Department is going to arrange videoconferencing of Field

Experts of Agriculture & allied and F.T.A. of KCC to provide them

online training regarding field problems.

.

• Regular Trainings for F.T.A.(Level-1) & Level-2 experts were conducted at

P.A.U. Ludhiana.

• Important Literature /books were supplied to KCC.

• Due coverage given on Doordarshan and All India Radio

• Under Mass Media Support to Agriculture Extension “ Mera Pind Mere Khet” is relayed on Doordarshan.

•Dehati Programme of All India Radio is being regularly sponsored by

Department from number of years.

•Regular meetings of Rural Programme Advisory Committee are conducted

with participation of Doordarshan, Agriculture & Allied departments and

P.A.U. Ludhiana.

2. MASS MEDIA

S.No Name of state NUMBER OF CALLS FROM

21/10/2004 to 30/4/2012

NUMBER OF CALLS FROM

01/05/2004 to Feb 2015

1 PUNJAB 395455 678727

KISAN CALL CENTRE

M-KISAN PORTAL

S.NO ADVISORIES /INFORMATION /SERVICE SENT TO THE FARMERS AS ON 01/04/2015

AGRICULTURE STATE(HQ) ATMA KVK

3309 10134 1741273

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY 10574

HORTICULTURE 108699

STATUS OF SEED/PESTICIDE /FERTILIZER/MACHINERY DEALERS ON FARMER PORTAL AS ON 01/04/2015

STATE

NUMBER OF SEED DEALERS

NUMBER OF FERTILIZER DEALERS

NOUMBER OF PESTICIDE DEALERS

NUMBER OF MANUFACTURES

TOTAL NUMBER OF DEALERS IN STATE

PUNJAB 6439 13179 9359 99 147

Strategy for Availability of Vegetables during Rainy Season

April 2015

Dr Daljit Singh GillHorticulture Development Officer,

Cum Project OfficerCentre of Excellence for Vegetables, Kartarpur (Jalandhar), Punjab

33

PRESENTATION OUTLINE

Potential & Constraints for Vegetable Crops

Selection of suitable Vegetable -Varieties / Hybrids

Protected Cultivation during Summers and Rainy Season

Scenario in Punjab

Transplanting of seedlings instead of direct sowing

Raised Bed Cultivation

Control of Insect-Pest and Diseases

Storage of Vegetables

STRATEGIES

Opportunities for Growers 34

Scenario of Punjab

Total Population of Punjab 2,77,04,236

Geographical Area 50.36 Lakh Hectare

Net Area Sown 41.84 Lakh Hectare

Total Cropped Area 78.70 %

Irrigated Area 98 %

Area under Horticultural Crops 2.67 (3.4% of Cropped Area)

Total Area under Vegetable Crops

2 Lakh Hectares

Production of Vegetable Crops 40 Lakh tonnes

Average Productivity of Vegetable Crops

20 tonnes per hectare35

Hot Season April to June Highest Temperature

44.20C and 44.70C (Recorded in the month of June)

Rainy Season July to September(75% of Rainfall recorded in the month of July to September)

Mean Annual Rain Fall

705 mm(Varies from 1200mm at Pathankot to 300mm at Abhohar)

Winter Season October to March Lowest Temperature

0 to 2.2 0C (Recorded in the month of December)

Soil Type Sandy loam with pH range 7.5 -8.5, therefore it has good potential for cultivation of various horticultural crops

36

Scenario of Punjab (...Contd)

Potential & Constraints for Vegetable Crops

Particulars Potential Constraints

Total Area under Vegetable Crops

2 Lakh Hectares

> 4 Lakh Hectare •Insecure Marketing•Fixed Support Price of wheat/ paddy•No support price for vegetables

Productivity of Vegetable Crops

40 Lakh MT > 80 Lakh MT Shortage of High yielding, resistant cultivars

Average Productivity of Vegetable Crops

20 MT per hectare

35-40 MT per hectare

•Traditional methods of cultivation which needs to be replaced with raised bed cultivation & drip irrigation.•Knowledge gap between researchers and stakeholders.

Cropping Pattern/ Crop Rotation

Wheat – Paddy Rotation

Area under paddy can be reduced

•Farmers are interested for paddy crop instead of vegetables because ensured income of paddy.

.. Contd37

Potential & Constraints for Vegetable Crops (Contd ..)Particulars Potential Constraints

Labour requirement & Production Cost

Double than Cereal Crops

Mechanization & Irrigation/ Fertigation

•Higher Labour requirements & Capital intensive production.

Post Harvest Management & Marketing

Post Harvest Loses 20-30 %

Can be Reduced upto 90%

•Area should be sown according to demand & region specific with new methods•Insecure marketing (Middleman takes big share – 50%)•Lack of Storage, Processing, Market Chain.

Rainfall Annual Rainfall 300 – 1200 mm(75% during July to September)

Protective Cultivation & Raised bed cultivation with drip irrigation in open fields also

•Stagnation of water•Weed problem•More insect/ Pest & Diseases

38

Strategy - I

Selection of Suitable Vegetable CropsSr. No Crops Common Varieties * Crop Period

1 Bottle Gaurd Punjab Komal May – June to September – October

2 Bitter Gaurd Punjab-14 May – June to September – October

3 Squash Melon S- 48 May – June to September – October

4 Pumpkin Punjab Smrat May – June to September – October

5 Ash Gaurd Punjab Ash Gaurd May – June to September – October

6 Spong Gaurd PSG-9 May – June to September – October

7 Okra Punjab 8 May – June to September – October

8 Tomato Varsha, Uphar July – August to October – November

9 Brinjal PBH-1 , PBH-2, PBH-3 May – June to September – October

10 Radish Pussa Chetki May – June to September – October

11 Chilly CH-1. CH-3 May – June to September – October

12 Cucumber PB-Naveen May – June to September – October

13 Cowpeas S263 May – June to September – October

14 Beans Mithi Phali May – June to September – October

* Hybrids of private companies are available 39

• During Rainy Season, Transplanting of Seedling should be preferred instead of Direct Sowing.

• Crop Mature one month earlier than Direct Sowing

• Less attack of Insect-pest (Red Pumpkin Beetle) & Diseases (Damping Off) during initial stages.

• Better establishment of seedling plants.

Strategy – II

Transplanting of Seedlings instead of Direct Sowing

40

• Protective structure is a facility to protect crop from biotic and abiotic stress

• Structure for protected cultivation include Poly-green House, Net House/Shade Net and Tunnels.

• Poly house structure helps in protecting crops otherwise which are affected by excessive rainfall.

• Net house & Shade Net cultivation provide better Micro Climate specially during summer in minimising high temperature effect.

Strategy - III

Protected Cultivation during Summer & Rainy Season

41

Raised bed •To avoid damage from rain water stagnation raised bed cultivation technique should be adopted

Drip Irrigation System

•Saving water 30-50%•Considerable saving in water, increase growth, development and yield of vegetable and control of weed•Saving of labour

Mulching •It improve yield and quality, suppression of weed growth , fertilizer use efficiency •Reflective mulches also minimise incidence of virus disease

Stacking •To avoid direct contact of vegetable fruit with soil and rain water•Improve aeration ,use of vertical space, high density plantation, also increased photosynthetic activities.•Better fruit quality , Easy Harvesting, Easy field operations•Protect crop from sun-scald, insect-pest & diseases.

Strategy – IV

Raised Bed Cultivation (Drip Irrigation, Mulching & Stacking)

42

• Major Threats – Red Pumpkin beetle, Aphids, mites, Fruit Fly, Fruit & shoot

borer.– Powdery Mildew, Downy Mildew, Crown/Stem rot, and

Virus Diseases• Protection

– Use of Resistant cultivars – Integrated Pest Management Technique should be

adopted– New techniques of Cultivation

Strategy - V

Control of Insect-Pest and Diseases

43

• To avoid Shortage of Vegetable during rainy season , produce can be stored when there is glut in market (April-May).

• Requirement of Multi-purpose Cold Store for different vegetable storage.

• Small Pack-house Units including Pre-cooling/ cold store at farmer’s field should be adopted to avoid post-harvest losses.

Strategy - VI

Storage of Vegetables

44

Opportunities for GrowersPermanent Vegetable production system indeed may be an option to improve vegetable production system

All stakeholders should collectively decide to sow area on demand specific and region specific.

Protected cultivation in Plastic Houses/ Net Houses/ Tunnels could improve production and yield however because of insecure marketing conditions, farmers are reluctant to invest in protected cultivation.

Mulching reduces (i) The Leaching of nutrients; (ii) Soil surface erosion; and (iii) Labour demand for weed control while at same time preventing soil surface compaction.

An opportunity therefore to design, test and implement innovative vegetable production system.

In order to improve the bargaining power of farmers/ producers with collectors, wholesalers or retailers, growers would need to able to offer their product in large quantity and on regular, planned basis.

The knowledge gap between the experts and the farmers should be reduced. This will need strong extension efforts.

Special efforts need to be made in reducing the gap between potential yield and the actual yield obtained at present at the farmers’ field, reducing intra-regional and inter-regional yield variations.

Efforts should also be made to cover more area under hybrids where ever possible.

Farmers participation in commercial cooperation and producer’s organization would be an option to achieve this goal. 45