Nationalism

And

Imperialism

NationalismUnification of Germany:

• Led by Prussia

• Otto von Bismarck – Prime Minister under Wilhelm I– Policy of Realpolitik:

• Tough power politics - no idealism

• Issues not decided by resolutions, but by “blood and iron”

• Allowed him to expand Prussia & achieve dominance

NationalismUnification of Italy:• Led by Sardinia• Camillo di Cavour – Prime

Minister under Victor Emmanuel II– Worked to expand

Sardinian Empire– Succeeded through war,

alliances, & help of nationalist rebels

– Unified Italy in process

Germany & Italy - Similarities

• Leaders were aristocrats

• Nations united by nationalism

• One state led unification

Forces of ImperialismMotives:

• Economic competition for markets & raw materials

• National pride

• Racism– “White Man’s Burden”

• Missionaries' desire to Christianize & “civilize” non-European peoples

• Superior weapons

• Railroads, cables, steamships

• Quinine (drug) to protect from malaria

Forces of ImperialismTechnological Advantages over Africa:

• Africans’ great diversity of languages and cultures

• Ethnic rivalries

• Lower level of technology, including weapons

Forces of ImperialismFactors Making Africa Vulnerable:

Division of AfricaBerlin Conference of 1884 & 1885:

• Agreement among 14 European nations about how to divide Africa among European countries

• Outcomes:– Random distribution of African ethnic &

linguistic groups among European nations

– Transformation of the way of life of Africans

“From Cairo to Cape Town”

French Control of IndochinaHow Brought Under Control:

• Missionaries were killed

• French army invaded Vietnam

• Combined it with Laos and Cambodia

• Direct control– French themselves filled all important

positions in gov’t

French Control of IndochinaMethod of Control:

• Discouraged local industry

• Rice became major export crop

French Control of IndochinaEconomic Policies:

• Imposed French culture

• All schools, courts, & businesses followed French models

• ↓ of local industries

• Less food for peasants

French Control of IndochinaColonial Impact:

Effects of ImperialismColonization:

• Europeans control land and people in areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America

• Europeans control trade in the colonies and set up dependent cash-crop economies

Effects of ImperialismColonial Economics:

• Christianity is spread to Africa, India, and Asia

Effects of ImperialismChristianization: