Nationalism & Imperialism Unit 5 Rise of World Powers

Do Now 02/11/19

Imperialism - The Game

1. You will be randomly divided into 5 groups and given a set up directions. 2. Each group must complete their tasks IN ORDER! 3. Materials you will need

a. paper b. colored pencils, crayons, or markers c. post-it notes

4. You will have 10 minutes to complete

1 2 3

Imperialism - The Game: Post Game Discussion

Who won? Why did that group win or have a better chance of

winning?

Did it seem fair for those groups who had more tasks?

Did you feel the deck was stacked against you?

Imperialism - The Game: Post Game Discussion

Reasoning

England had a stable government, was home to the Industrial Revolution, and the steam engine, all of which gave it an advantage to go out and conquer foreign land. France saw several revolutions over the 1800’s that weakened it from the power it was under Napoleon, but it was still able to capture large parts of Africa. The United States meanwhile was coming out of a long Civil War that divided and weakened the country. Spain likewise lost much of its naval power in a war with England and never recovered.

What is Imperialism?

The conquering of foreign territories

by powerful countries for

natural resources & markets

What is Nationalism?

Nationalism: identification of one’s own country and support for its interests, especially to the detriment of the interest of other nations.

In other words - deep national pride, thinking your country is the best!

What is the link between Imperialism & Nationalism?

Nationalism is an extreme form of believing one’s country is better than others.

Imperialism brings that nation’s ideas, values, government, technology, and business practices to another country to “save” the new country from itself or others.

Nationalism ideas grew out of Napoleon’s rise and fall, revolutions in the Americas and the Congress of Vienna’s aftermath.

We will explore how Nationalism and The Industrial Revolution led to the upswing in Imperialism across the globe.

Understanding Imperialism

https://youtu.be/alJaltUmrGo

Essential Questions

1. Why did the spread of industrialism to Europe and the United States accelerate colonialism and imperialism?

2. Why did European countries participate in imperialism and a race for colonies?

3. What were some responses of colonized peoples to European imperialism?

4. How did industrialized societies seek to manage the cultural transformations resultingfrom the pressures of industrialization, nationalism, revolution, and social change?

5. What new forms of nationalism and colonial resistance emerged as a result of imperialism?

Do Now 02/12/19

1. Who does the man in the hat represent?

2. What are the places he is grabbing?

3. What do you think this cartoon means?

Imperialism

ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How did imperialism have different characteristics in different places?

YouTube: European Imperialism Review link

Vocabulary

● Social Darwinism: the theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals.

● Elitism: The belief that certain persons or members of certain groups deserve favored treatment by virtue of their superiority, as in intelligence, social standing, or wealth.

● Exploitation: The action or fact of treating someone unfairly in order to benefit from their work.

● Paternalism: a system of governing colonies in similar ways as parents do children

Forms of Imperialism

• Colony – Ruled directly by a foreign power

• Protectorate – Controlled by foreign power

• Sphere of Influence - Foreign power gets exclusive rights

What were motives behind Imperialism?

First……

What does motive mean?

Imperialism has a lot of motives, which can be summed up with….

E

M

P

I

R

E

Exploratory

Missionary

Political

Ideological

Religious

Economic

Exploratory Goals • To map new territory • To locate native people • To identify natural resources available - RAW MATERIALS

Missionary Goals ● Social Darwinism:

○Survival of the fittest ○The idea that some people were naturally stronger/better than

others ● White Man’s Burden: the task that white colonizers believed they had

to impose their civilization on the black inhabitants of their colonies.

Political Goals • To claim land for the “mother country” • To control another country’s government

more colonies = more power

Ideological Goals • To “improve” non-Westerners way of life • To make others more like Westerners • To make them adopt a Westerner perspective

Religious Goals • To convert native people to Christianity • To convince native people that their religion is wrong/evil • To change the beliefs of the next generation

Economic Goals • To obtain raw materials to produce goods – Supply • To get the native people to purchase Western goods and services –

Demand • To make $$$$$$$$

“White Man’s Burden” by Rudyard Kipling

Take up the White Man’s burden

Send forth the best ye breed

Go, bind your sons to exile

To serve your captives’ need;

To wait, in heavy harness,

On fluttered fold and wild

Your new-caught sullen peoples,

Half devil and half child.

Next,

Complete the “Perspectives on the White Man’s Burden” worksheet

Ticket to the Door 02/12/19

On the index card provided, answer the following question.

In regards to imperialism, what is E.M.P.I.R.E?

Do Now 02/12/19

1. What motive for European colonization is represented here in this advertisement? Provide evidence.

2. What is your reaction to this kind of advertisement?

3. Do you think that some advertisements today could be considered offensive in the future? Provide evidence.

Imperialism - Why Now?

Technological advancements, like weapons and the telegraph

Improvements in Transportation advancements, like steamboats and railroads

Medical advancements, like vaccines and disease understanding

Disunity amongst Natives

Before Imperialism - Africa

• Over 1,000 languages & groups

• Kept Europeans out for 400+ years

• Most European contact remained on the coastline areas

• Only missionaries explored the interior

Imperialism in Africa - The Congo

● King Leopold of Belgium claimed he wanted to end slavery and bring Christianity to the “uncivilized nation”

● King Leopold hired explorer David Stanley to explore & claim the Congo

● Treaties made with local chiefs along the Congo River

● Companies brutally exploit Africans to collect rubber - first modern war concentration camp

● Other countries take note of Africa’s natural resources

Imperialism in the Congo

5-8 million victims (50% of population)

It is blood-curdling to see them (the soldiers) returning with the hands of the slain, and to find the hands of young children amongst the bigger ones evidencing their bravery...The rubber from this district has cost hundreds of lives, and the scenes I have witnessed, while unable to help the oppressed, have been almost enough to make me wish I were dead... This rubber traffic is steeped in blood, and if the natives were to rise and sweep every white person on the Upper Congo into eternity, there would still be left a fearful balance to their credit. -- Belgian Official

Scramble for Africa

• Europeans fear war over claims

• 14 European nations meet in 1884 for the Berlin Conference

• Decisions made to split the continent’s boundaries up to prevent war with each other

• Africa divided without any regard for people there

Africa Imperialism- Conflicts

• Shaka led the Zulus against British rule in early 1800’s

• Emperor Menelik II successfully defended Ethiopia against invasion (1896)

Africa Imperialism- Boer Wars

• The Dutch were the 1st to settle in South Africa in 1562.

• The British started settling in the same areas in the 1800s.

• Dutch farmers (Boers) fought English in South Africa, 1890s

• British victory brings the Cape Colony (South Africa) under British control

○ began mining the diamonds and gold

• African Independence movements crushed

https://youtu.be/1DYh370e_OU

Effects of Imperialism in Africa

POSITIVE

▪ Population explosion & longer lifespan - Improved medicine and nutrition

▪ Modern transportation & communication (telegraphs, railroads, and telephones)

▪ Educational and occupational opportunities (small minority of Africans)

NEGATIVE

▪ Destruction of African culture/values

▪ Africans deemed inferior to Europeans - apartheid continued until 1990s.

▪ Exploited African workers

▪ New boundaries ignored tribal, ethnic, and cultural boundaries contributed to conflicts

Scramble for Africa Imperialism Activity

Do Now 02/13/19

Can you think of a situation where its okay to take something that does not belong to you? Write at least 5 thoughtful, complete sentences.

Imperialism in India - East India Company The East India Company ruled the economics of India with little interference. They traded valuable tea, spices, and silks. The British considered India the brightest “Jewel of the Crown”.

● British East India Company dominated trade ○ India sent raw materials to India ○ Britain turned raw materials into

finished goods - sending goods to sell

○ India buys finished goods

Imperialism in India

● Uses “sepoys” or Indian soldiers

● Becomes the “Jewel in the Crown” for the wealth it brings

● Indian workers exploited as they are labeled inferior to white culture

Imperialism in India - Sepoy Rebellion ● Rumors spread of animal fat

used in their rifle cartridge (and they had to bite the ends to load the rifle)

● Since the sepoys were Hindu and Muslims - offended

● Nationalist feelings led to many Indian resenting the British

● Rebellion of Sepoys (Indian soldiers) against the British East India Company, 1857

● Britain puts down rebellion but takes over direct control of India

● Queen Victoria became the Empress of India

https://youtu.be/MV0fYMIvtyU

The Dutch East India Company starts to control trade in Southeast Asia

Do Now: 02/15/19

The Boxer Rebellion Taught the European Powers something about China that was often expressed in the adage:

The people are afraid of officials, the officials are afraid of foreigners, and the foreigners are afraid of the people.”

老百姓怕官，官怕洋鬼子，洋鬼子怕老百姓

What does this quote tell you about Imperialism in China?

China- Before Imperialism ● Nationalist feelings led to

the Chinese looking down on foreigners

● When a visiting British ambassador visited in 1793, Emperor Qing wrote a letter to King George III saying “...we are not interested in your strange objects or gadgets.”

● Because of their self- sufficiency, the Chinese had little interest in trading with others

● Europeans became determined to find something the Chinese would buy in large quantities… OPIUM!!!!

https://youtu.be/kd2CYPdYwcY

Imperialism in China

● Opium s a highly addictive drug from the poppy seed plant that by 1835, 12 million Chinese were smoking.

● Opium was outlawed by the Chinese government, but trading did not stop between the British and black market merchants.

Imperialism in China- 1st and 2nd Opium Wars

• China fights to stop England from importing opium

• First Opium War, 1839 - 1842

• Second Opium War, 1856 - 1860

• England wins easy victories in both - superior boats and war fought on water

• England gets Hong Kong & China carved up into spheres of influence

Imperialism in China - “Open

Door Policy ● Proposed by the US

● Pushed for China’s doors to remain open for trade

with all nations.

Imperialism in China

• Shantung was an area in China controlled mostly by Germans.

• Germans controlled all of the railways, factories, and coal mines in Shantung. They were making a lot of money while the Chinese were being paid very low wages.

• The Chinese rebelled against the Germans chanting “Kill the Christians.”

• Christians in Shantung (both Chinese and European) were brutally murdered.

• Chinese groups were angry over foreign influence in their country

Imperialism in China- Boxer Rebellion

• Occurred between 1899 - 1901

• The Boxers were members of a secret society called Yi Ho Tuan

• Targeted Manchu government because they felt it did little to promote nationalism

• Rebellion put down by the “8 Nation Alliance” - Japan, Russia, Great Britain, France, US, Germany, Italy & Austria-Hungary

• Chinese Empress Dowager Cixi supported the Boxers

• Results

○ Weakened the Qing Dynasty

○ China forced to pay reparations

○ BUT...Westerners give up thoughts of colonizing China

https://youtu.be/AcwbMmUWHGw

Imperialism in China Gallery Walk

Imperialism and Japan

● Before, Japan was ruled by powerful Shoguns who wished to keep foreign influences out of their country (isolationism)

● In the 1850’s, the shogun stepped down ending military dictatorships that had controlled Japan since the 12th century.

Imperialism and Japan

• Commodore Matthew Perry (U.S. Navy) is sent with naval steam warships to Japan to force the Japanese to open trade with the U.S., 1854

1. Want coal to refuel steam ships heading to Asia 2. Want safe treatment for shipwrecked Americans 3. Trade – new markets for goods

• The Japanese fear the massive boats and threat of attack on the city of Edo, agree to trade with the U.S. - Treaty of Kanagawa

• The Imperial family takes control and decides to study Western culture, while still promoting Japanese nationalism - Meiji Restoration

1. developed a constitutional monarchy - modeled Germany’s constitution 2. reformed military - no more samurais 3. universal public education - modeled the American system 4. began industrialization 5. developed a better internal communication system

Imperialism in Korea

● Korea was under Chinese control

● 1874- Japan forces Korea to trade

● Japan and China agree to keep their militaries out of Korea

● Korea started to rebel and China sent in troops

● Japan saw it as a break in the agreement and attacked in 1894 - Sino-Japanese War

● Japan defeats Chinese Navy and kick Chinese out of Korea

● Japan Also interested in Manchuria for its resources

Imperialism in Asia - Russo-Japanese War • Japan & Russia the two biggest countries

in Asia • They begin to fight over territory in

Korea & Manchuria, 1904 - 1905 • Russia wanted a warm-water port on the

Pacific Ocean for their navy and trade. • The Japanese government sensed the

threat. ○ 1904 - attacked in Russian

fleet...SURPRISE ○ Russians kicked out of Korea

• 1905 - Russia loses the entire war and becomes the first Superpower country to lose to an “Asian” nation

• Japan wins (surprisingly) and US negotiates treaty

• Japan recognized as world power ...more to come!

Imperialism in Hawaii

● After the Civil War, Americans wanted new places to trade and explore

● US sugar plantations very valuable ● The New Queen, Liliuokalani,

threaten to take them under Hawaiian control

● The US sends and Envoy to Hawaii to overthrow the government and annex Hawaii ○ American government minister

John Stevens asked for the Marine to be sent in to protect US economic interests

● The Queen was placed under house arrest and forced to give control of the islands to the US, 1893.

Imperialism in Spanish Colonies

● Spain - colonies since the 1500’s ○ The Philippines, Guam, Cuba,

Puerto Rico among the last in 1890’s ● Cuban Spanish Governor Valeriano

Wyler seen as a “butcher” ○ Since the Monroe Doctrine, US

wanted Europeans out of the West ○ José Marti had spent time in the US

to gain support for Cuba ○ revolutionaries led by José Martí

begin a war for independence ○ Marti died shortly after returning -

increasing support

Judge Magazine, February 6, 1897

Yellow Journalism

• The Spanish-American War is known as the “media war.”

• Dramatic journals and newspaper articles were published during this time and helped propel the US into war with Spain.

• William Randolph Hearst was the owner of the New York Journal. He competed with Pulitzer’s “yellow kid” which was a character dressed in yellow. He realized that stories about the war were helping to sale his newspaper.

Imperialism in Cuba - The De Lome Letter

• Spanish Ambassador de Lome writes that American President McKinley is weak

• Cubans intercept it and release it to the American press

• Hearst sensationalizes the insult in his papers

Imperialism in Cuba - “Remember the Maine”

• President McKinley send the battleship USS Maine to Havana Harbor to “protect American interests”

• The ship suddenly explodes in February 1898, killing most of the crew

Yellow Journalism over USS Maine- American Reaction

• Yellow papers immediately blame Spain and call for war

• In April, 1898, McKinley asks Congress for authorization to use force in Cuba

• Spain later declares war on the US

Imperialism in the Philippines - Spanish-American War

• Commodore George Dewey leads and American fleet to the Philippines

• Fights Spain for control of the Philippines and Cuba, 1898

• Many Filipinos fighting alongside of the US for their independence

Imperialism in the Philippines - The Philippine Insurrection

• Filipinos upset the US did not give them independence

○ The US didn’t want to readily give up control

• Emilio Aguinaldo leads a bloody 3 year conflict against the US

• US is victorious & controls the Philippines until 1946

Imperialism in Cuba - The Spanish-American War

• US troops land at Guantanamo Bay in June

• Reinforcements later land at Santiago

• US calls for volunteers

• Theodore Roosevelt, Assistant Secretary of the Navy, leads a volunteer cavalry regiment known as the Rough Riders

The entire command

moved forward as coolly as though the buzzing of bullets

was the humming of bees. White regiments, black regiments, regulars and

Rough Riders, representing the young manhood of the

North and the South, fought shoulder to shoulder,

unmindful of race or color, unmindful of whether

commanded by ex-Confederate or not, and mindful of only their

common duty as Americans. - Lieutenant John “Black Jack” Pershing

Imperialism in Puerto Rico - The Spanish-American War

• Roosevelt’s Rough Riders and African American “Buffalo Soldiers” win key victories

• Battles at San Juan Hill and Kettle Hill push Spanish back

• US troops land in Puerto Rico to almost no opposition

Imperialism in Spanish Colonies - The Spanish-American War

• The 1899 Treaty of Paris ended the Spanish-American War

• Cuba freed from Spanish rule & becomes a US Protectorate

○ US now has use of Guantanamo Bay

• Spain gives Puerto Rico and Guam to the US

• US pays $20 million to Spain for the Philippines (but then must fight for it)

• US becomes an imperial power

Imperialism Benefits - Economic • Influx of industrial goods

• New jobs as industry builds up

• Infrastructure improved with roads, railroad, & postal services

Imperialism Benefits - Social • Schools and universities

opened

• Better medicine and hospitals introduced