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NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURES. EARLY SOCIETIES NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURE AREAS SHARED BELEIFS. I CAN. Identify 2 types of Early Societies in North America and Explain where and how they lived Define totems List 3 cultural regions of Native North Americans - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURESEARLY SOCIETIES
NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURE AREASSHARED BELEIFS
I CAN Identify 2 types of Early Societies in North America and Explain where and
how they lived
Define totems
List 3 cultural regions of Native North Americans
State 2 examples of shared beliefs between Native North Americans
EARLY SOCIETIES Earliest people in N America- hunters & gathers
After about 5000 BC some learned to farm and lived in villages
Not as populated as South America and Mesoamerica; they were complex societies before Europeans
EARLY SOCIETIES Anasazi
Present day Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah Dry environment, but grew maize, squash & beans Learned how to use irrigation to increase food production
EARLY SOCIETIES Anasazi Dwellings
Early lived in pit houses dug into the ground After 750 AD began to build pueblos (aboveground houses made of heavy clay
called adobe) Built them on top of each other, multi-storied (some housed about 1000 people) Cliff Dwellers- built houses in canyon walls, only be reached by ladder. WHY?
Protection from enemies
Cliff Dwellers
DECLINE OF THE ANASAZI Drought
Disease
Or invasions from nomadic tribes from the North
Might have caused them to move
MOUND BUILDERS Eastern part of North America
Farming societies
Hopewell Lived along the Mississippi, Ohio, and lower Missouri River valleys Agriculture and Trade Built large burial mounds to honor their dead Declined around 700AD
MOUND BUILDERS Mississippian- same area as the Hopewell
Skilled farmers and traders
Built large settlements; largest city Cahokia, near present day St. Louis (30,000)
Mounds- had flat tops and temples were built on top of the mound. Mounds could be up to 100ft tall and cover 16 acres Mound builders had declined by time Europeans arrived
Mound Builders
NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURE AREAS Sub-artic
Followed seasonal migrations of deer Lived in shelters from animal skins and log homes Further south they had a rich supply of fish, plants, and animals. So developed
large villages, without the need to farm
NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURE AREASSEE MAP on PG 13
Pacific Northwest Carved images of totems– ancestor or
animal spirits, on tall wooden poles Great religious and historical
signficanceWest and Southwest California Region
* Food sources were plentiful* lived in large families or groups 50-300
* over 100 different languages spoken
Great Basin Little Rain, so they gathered
seeds, dug roots, trapped small animals
SouthwestPueblo groups, like the Anasazi,
irrigated. Focused on Rain and successful maize. Large towns
NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURE AREASGreat Plains
Mainly grasslands, home to buffalo, deer, elk, and more
Nomadic hunters– used bow and arrows, would often chase over cliffs, or into a corral
Used buffalo hides for teepees, and used almost all of the buffalo for something.
Some tribes were matrilineal-traced ancestry through mothers.
Northeast and Southeast Eastern N America rich in resources
Animals, plants, wood, fish,
Cherokee, Creek, Seminole lived in farming villages governed by village councils
Northern groups did more hunting
Southern Groups- more farmers, hunters, and traders
NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURE AREAS Northeast and Southeast
Iroquois Created the Iroquois league
An alliance or confederation, that protected each other from non-iroquois groups.
The league helped them to become one of the most powerful Native Americans peoples in North America
SHARED BELEIFS RELIGION
LINKED TO NATURE
SPRIRITUAL FORCES WERE EVERYWHERE- HEAVENLY BODIES AND ON EARTH
HONORED SPIRITS DAILY
CEREMONIES MAINTAINED THE GROUP’S RELATIONSHIP TO EARTH AND SKY
PROPERTY INVIDUAL OWNERSHIP ONLY TO CROPS
YOU GREW
LAND ITSELF WAS EVERYONE. RIGHT TO USE IT WAS TEMPORARY
PRESERVE LAND FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS (not like Europeans)
LITTLE INTEREST- IN LG POLITICAL UNITS. SO NO LG EMPIRES LIKE AZTECS OR INCA OF MESOAMERICA