Similar to Freud… Overall, they accepted many of Freud’s basic

ideas:o Id, Ego, and Superego

o Importance of the unconscious

o Shaping of personality in childhood

o Defense mechanisms

They did, however, differ fromFreud in some major ways…

Neo-Freudians Psychologists who took some premises from Freud and

built upon them.

Alfred Adler Childhood is important

to personality.

But focus should be on social factors- not sexual ones.

Our behavior is driven by our efforts to conquer inferiority and feel superior.

Inferiority Complex

Adler’s Inferiority Complex Adler developed the “inferiority complex:”

o Said that our behavior is driven by efforts to conquer childhood feelings of inferiority which then trigger our need to feel powerful and superior.

Adler’s Theory of Birth Order Adler believed that the order in which you are born plays a role in determining your personality.

o Only

o First Born

o Second Born

o Middle born

o Last born

Adler’s birth order Only: enjoy being the center of attention. They are never

“dethroned” and can be spoiled and self-centered

First Born: Sometimes take on role as surrogate parent for their siblings; usually responsible, enjoy leadership positions, can be overachievers. Siblings describe them as “bossy”.

Second: Competitive with older siblings, struggles to find their role, can be “the rebel”

Middle: Independent, but does not seek the spotlight. Can feel forgotten but are usually very social

Last born: : spoiled by entire family, can be irresponsible and a rule breaker, but usually charming and adventurous.

Karen Horney Childhood anxiety is caused by a dependent child’s feelings of helplessness.

This triggers our desire for love and security.

Fought against Freud’s “penis envy” concept, and countered with the idea of “womb envy”.

Was in love with her brother, when he rejected her she entered a deep depression.

Womb Envy

Horney detested Freud’s general attitude toward women, especially his theory of “penis envy.”

She developed the theory of “womb envy” which was the idea that men were jealous of women for their ability to bear children.

While she accepted Freud’s theory, she claimed that “womb envy” was much more serious than “penis envy”

She only likes you better

because you got to give birth to

her…

Carl Jung

Most significant of all the Neo-Freudians.

He and Freud were friendly at first but had a falling out.

Less emphasis on social factors.

Focused on the unconscious.

First to name introverts and extroverts

We all have a collective unconscious: a shared/inherited well of memory traces from our species history.

Example: Near-death

experiences

Carl Jung According to Jung the collective unconscious contains archetypes (images and memories that appear all over the world), that are passed down from generation to generation.

Shadow Essentially the

darkness everyone has inside them

Could see it inside yourself or in others.

Harry Potter?

Lord of the Rings?

Star Wars?

Spiderman?

Persona Your public image

The mask you show the world

The good impression we want to make on society

Could also be the “false impression we use to manipulate other’s opinion and behavior

Wise Old Man/Woman Kind and wise, older

father-figure type figure who uses personal knowledge of people and the world to offer guidance – acts as a mentor

Harry Potter?

Lord of the Rings?

Star Wars?

Maiden Represents purity and

desire

Helpless, a man usually has to rescue

Harry Potter?

Star Wars?