NERA-Evolution Series Technical Description C

8/10/2019 NERA-Evolution Series Technical Description C

1/118

Technical Description

Evolution Series

Multi Service - Software Defined

Microwave Radio System, 5 - 40GHz


2/118

This page is intentionally left blank


3/118

NGP\000330 Rev. C 2008-02-21 Evolution Series 1

The information in this documentation is subject to change without notice and describes only the product defined inthe introduction of this documentation. This documentation is intended for the use of Nera's customers only for thepurposes of the agreement under which the documentation is submitted, and no part of it may be reproduced or

transmitted in any form or means without the prior written permission of Nera.

The information or statements given in this documentation concerning the suitability, capacity, or performance of thementioned hardware or software products cannot be considered binding but shall be defined in the agreement madebetween Nera and the customer. However, Nera has made all reasonable efforts to ensure that the instructionscontained in the documentation are adequate and free of material errors and omissions. Nera will, if necessary,explain issues that may not be covered by the documentation. Nera's liability for any errors in the documentation islimited to the documentary correction of errors.

NERA WILL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE IN ANY EVENT FOR ERRORS IN THIS DOCUMENTATION OR FOR ANYDAMAGES, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL (INCLUDING MONETARY LOSSES), that might arise from theuse of this documentation or the information in it. This documentation and the product it describes are consideredprotected by copyright according to the applicable laws.

NERA logo is a registered trademark of Eltek ASA. Other product names mentioned in this documentation may be

trademarks of their respective companies, and they are mentioned for identification purposes only.

Copyright Nera Networks AS 2008. All rights reserved.


4/118

2 Evolution Series NGP\000330 Rev. C 2008-02-21

Document history

Revision Date Summary of changes

Rev A 04.may.2007 First Release. Technical Description for all Evolution Seriesconfiguration modes merged to one document.

Rev B 16.July.2007 Low Capacity ODU included. Output power and thresholds corrected.

Rev C 12.Feb.2008 Long Haul Figures updated


5/118


Contents Page1. INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................................................11

1.1 FEATURES..................................................................................................................................................13 1.2 NETWORK APPLICATIONS..........................................................................................................................14

2. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION GENERAL ...........................................................................................................17

3. METRO SYSTEM DESCRIPTION ACCESS & LONG HAUL ...............................................................20

3.1 LINK CONFIGURATIONS .............................................................................................................................21 3.2 NODE CONFIGURATIONS ...........................................................................................................................21 3.3 USER INTERFACES.....................................................................................................................................21

3.3.1 64 kb/s auxiliary channels and EOW ...............................................................................................223.3.2 E1 and T1 Wayside channel..............................................................................................................22 3.3.3 External Alarm and Controls..............................................................................................................22

3.4 SDH/SONETFEATURES AND DXCFUNCTIONALITY ..............................................................................23 3.4.1 Mapping and multiplexing DXC Unit & DXC Frame.......................................................................23 3.4.2 Mapping and multiplexing STM-4/OC-12.........................................................................................24 3.4.3 Cross-connect support.......................................................................................................................24 3.4.4 Synchronisation...................................................................................................................................25 3.4.5 Section Termination............................................................................................................................25 3.4.6 Scrambling / descrambling functions................................................................................................25 3.4.7 Section/Transport Overhead (SOH/TOH) .......................................................................................263.4.8 SOH/TOH Frameword and bytes......................................................................................................26

3.5 METROTERMINAL AND NODE CONFIGURATIONS WITH DXC ................................................................27 3.6 METROSTM-4/OC-12TERMINALS........................................................................................................30 3.8 ETHERNET FEATURES................................................................................................................................31

3.8.1 Ethernet over SDH/SONET Mapping...............................................................................................31

3.8.2 VCAT and LCAS support...................................................................................................................31 3.8.3 Ethernet services ................................................................................................................................323.8.4 QoS features........................................................................................................................................34 3.8.5 Ingress rate limiting.............................................................................................................................34 3.8.6 Buffering strategy................................................................................................................................34 3.8.7 Latency Ethernet Interfaces...........................................................................................................35 3.8.8 MAC learning.......................................................................................................................................35 3.8.9 Maximum Packet Size........................................................................................................................35 3.8.10 Ethernet Statistics...........................................................................................................................35 3.8.11 Typical Ethernet Throughput.........................................................................................................35 3.8.12 Link-Loss Failure pass through on the Ethernet port.................................................................35

4. XPAND SYSTEM DESCRIPTION.................................................................................................................36

4.1 USER INTERFACES WITH UNIVERSAL IFU ................................................................................................37 4.2 ETHERNET FUNCTIONALITY .......................................................................................................................38

4.2.1 General.................................................................................................................................................384.2.2 Ethernet Traffic Mapping....................................................................................................................384.2.3 Flow Control.........................................................................................................................................384.2.4 MAC learning.......................................................................................................................................384.2.5 Latency Ethernet Interfaces...........................................................................................................384.2.6 Maximum Ethernet Packet Size........................................................................................................39 4.2.7 Ethernet Statistics...............................................................................................................................39 4.2.8 Typical Ethernet Throughput.............................................................................................................39 4.2.9 Link-Loss Failure pass through on the Ethernet port.....................................................................39

4.3 XPANDTERMINAL AND NODE CONFIGURATIONS....................................................................................40

5. LINK CONFIGURATIONS..............................................................................................................................42

5.1 LEGEND......................................................................................................................................................42


6/118


5.2 1+0SYSTEM ..............................................................................................................................................43 5.3 1+1HSB/1+1FDSYSTEM......................................................................................................................43 5.4 2+0/1+1HSBDUAL BASEBAND SYSTEM ...............................................................................................44 5.5 SPACE DIVERSITY/DUAL ANTENNA SYSTEM.............................................................................................44

5.6 CO-CHANNEL DUAL POLARISED (CCDP)SYSTEM...................................................................................45 5.7 3+1/4+0SYSTEM ......................................................................................................................................45 5.8 7+1/8+0SYSTEM ......................................................................................................................................46 5.9 7+1/8+0SYSTEM LONG HAUL OPTIMIZED ...............................................................................................47 5.10 LONG HAUL BRANCHING SYSTEMS...........................................................................................................48

6. GENERAL EQUIPMENT CHARACTERISTRICS ......................................................................................49

6.1 TRANSMISSION CAPACITIES AND CHANNEL BANDWIDTH.........................................................................49 6.2 FREQUENCY BANDS...................................................................................................................................50 6.3 EQUIPMENT REFERENCE POINTS .............................................................................................................52 6.4 INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL STANDARDS ...........................................................................................53 6.5 ETSIEQUIPMENT CLASS ..........................................................................................................................53 6.6 EQUIPMENT BACKGROUND BER(RESIDUAL BER) ..................................................................................53 6.7 SYSTEM DELAY ..........................................................................................................................................53 6.8 SYSTEM LOOP BACK POSSIBILITIES...........................................................................................................54 6.9 SYSTEM RELIABILITY .................................................................................................................................55

7. GENERAL RADIO CHARACTERISTICS ....................................................................................................56

7.1 TRANSMITTER CHARACTERISTICS ............................................................................................................56 7.1.1 Automatic/Manual Power Control (ATPC/MTPC)...........................................................................567.1.2 TX oscillator frequency tolerance.....................................................................................................56

7.2 RECEIVER CHARACTERISTICS...................................................................................................................57 7.2.1 Maximum input level...........................................................................................................................577.2.2 RX oscillator frequency tolerance.....................................................................................................577.2.3 Noise Figure ........................................................................................................................................57

7.3 SYSTEM SIGNATURE..................................................................................................................................58 7.4 INTERFERENCE SENSITIVITY......................................................................................................................60 7.4.1 Co-channel interference sensitivity ..................................................................................................607.4.2 Adjacent channel interference sensitivity ........................................................................................61

7.5 XPICPERFORMANCE ................................................................................................................................62 7.6 RECEIVER IMAGE REJECTION ....................................................................................................................62 7.7 SPURIOUS EMISSIONS ...............................................................................................................................62

7.7.1 Transmitter spurious emissions - external.......................................................................................62 7.7.2 Transmitter spurious emissions - internal........................................................................................62 7.7.3 Receiver spurious emissions - external...........................................................................................62 7.7.4 Receiver spurious emissions - internal............................................................................................62

8. RADIO CHARACTERISTICS METRO ODU ............................................................................................63

8.1 GENERAL ...................................................................................................................................................63 8.2 OUTPUT POWER STANDARD POWER ODU..............................................................................................63 8.3 OUTPUT POWER HIGH POWER ODU .......................................................................................................63

RECEIVER THRESHOLD 155MB/S@28MHZ ...............................................................................................64 8.4...........................................................................................................................................................................64 8.5 RECEIVER THRESHOLD 155MB/S@40MHZ...........................................................................................64 8.6 RECEIVER THRESHOLD 155MB/S@50-56MHZ .....................................................................................64 8.7 RECEIVER THRESHOLD 311MB/S@56MHZ ETSI .................................................................................65

RECEIVER THRESHOLD 311MB/S@50MHZ ANSI .....................................................................................65 8.8...........................................................................................................................................................................65 8.9 SYSTEM GAIN STANDARD POWER............................................................................................................66 8.10 SYSTEM GAIN HIGH POWER .....................................................................................................................66

9. RADIO CHARACTERISTICS METRO LONG HAUL .............................................................................67 9.1 GENERAL ...................................................................................................................................................67


7/118


9.2 OUTPUT POWER HIGH POWER XCVR .....................................................................................................67 9.3 RECEIVER THRESHOLDS155MB/S@28MHZ-ACAP.........................................................................67 9.4 RECEIVER THRESHOLDS155MB/S@28MHZ-ACCP .........................................................................67 9.5 RECEIVER THRESHOLDS 155MB/S@40MHZ ACCP&ACAP..............................................................68

9.6 SYSTEM GAIN LONG HAUL SYSTEM..........................................................................................................68 9.7 SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS FOR SPACE DIVERSITY (SD) .......................................................................68

9.7.1 General.................................................................................................................................................689.7.2 Combining principles and performance ...........................................................................................68

10. RADIO CHARACTERISTICS XPAND - ODU SYSTEM - ETSI DATA RATES .................................69

10.1 GENERAL ...................................................................................................................................................69 10.1.1 Output Power Standard Power ODU...........................................................................................69 10.1.2 Output Power High Power ODU...................................................................................................69 10.1.3 Output Power LC ODU, Low Capacity Optimised......................................................................70

10.2 RECEIVER THRESHOLD 155MB/S (75XE1)MB/S ....................................................................................70 10.3 RECEIVER THRESHOLD 100MB/S (50XE1)-28MHZ BW .....................................................................70 10.4 RECEIVER THRESHOLD 80MB/S (40XE1)-28MHZ BW........................................................................70 10.5 RECEIVER THRESHOLD 56MB/S (28XE1)-14MHZ BW........................................................................70 10.6 RECEIVER THRESHOLD 40MB/S (20XE1)-14MHZ BW........................................................................71 10.7 RECEIVER THRESHOLD 32MB/S(16XE1)-28MHZ BW........................................................................71 10.8 RECEIVER THRESHOLD 32MB/S(16XE1)-14MHZ BW.........................................................................71 10.9 RECEIVER THRESHOLD 16MB/S (8XE1)-14MHZ BW ..........................................................................71 10.10 RECEIVER THRESHOLD 16MB/S (8XE1)-7MHZ BW ........................................................................72 10.11 RECEIVER THRESHOLD 8MB/S (4XE1)-7MHZ BW ..........................................................................72 10.12 SYSTEM GAIN STANDARD POWER -ETSI(E1BASED)SYSTEMS........................................................73 10.13 SYSTEM GAIN HIGH POWER -ETSI(E1BASED)SYSTEMS .................................................................74

11. RADIO CHARACTERISTICS XPAND - ODU SYSTEM - ANSI DATA RATES.................................75

11.1 GENERAL ...................................................................................................................................................75

11.2 OUTPUT POWER STANDARD POWER ODU..............................................................................................75 11.3 OUTPUT POWER HIGH POWER ODU .......................................................................................................76 11.4 RECEIVER THRESHOLD 155MB/S (96XT1)..............................................................................................77 11.5 RECEIVER THRESHOLD 125MB/S (80XT1)..............................................................................................77 11.6 RECEIVER THRESHOLD 100MB/S (64XT1)..............................................................................................77 11.7 RECEIVER THRESHOLD 50MB/S (32XT1) ................................................................................................77 11.8 RECEIVER THRESHOLD 25MB/S (16XT1) ................................................................................................78 11.9 RECEIVER THRESHOLD 22MB/S (14XT1)5MHZ BW .........................................................................78 11.10 RECEIVER THRESHOLD 12MB/S (8XT1)..............................................................................................78 11.11 RECEIVER THRESHOLD 6MB/S (4XT1)-5MHZ BW ..........................................................................78 11.12 SYSTEM GAIN STANDARD POWER -ANSI(T1BASED)SYSTEMS .......................................................79 11.13 SYSTEM GAIN HIGH POWER -ANSI(T1BASED)SYSTEMS ................................................................80

12. UNIT DESCRIPTIONS................................................................................................................................81 12.1 TRANSCEIVER (XCVR)AND OUTDOOR UNIT (ODU) ..............................................................................81 12.2 UNIVERSAL INTERFACE UNIT (IFU)...........................................................................................................82 12.3 ACCESS IFUS ............................................................................................................................................83 12.4 SUPERVISORY UNIT...................................................................................................................................83 12.5 RADIO INTERFACE UNITRIU..................................................................................................................83 12.6 LINE INTERFACE UNITLIU......................................................................................................................84

12.6.1 STM-1/OC-3 Line Interface Units.................................................................................................84 12.6.2 E1/T1 Interface Units .....................................................................................................................8412.6.3 3xE3/DS3 Interface Unit................................................................................................................84 12.6.4 STM-4/OC-12 Line Interface Units...............................................................................................84 12.6.5 Ethernet Interface Unit...................................................................................................................84

12.7 DIGITAL X-CONNECT UNIT ........................................................................................................................85 12.8 DIGITAL X-CONNECT FRAME.....................................................................................................................85 12.9 WAYSIDE UNIT...........................................................................................................................................85


8/118


12.10 EOWUNIT (SERVICE CHANNEL) ..........................................................................................................85 12.11 ALARM AND CONTROL UNIT ..................................................................................................................85 12.12 64KB/S SERIAL CHANNEL UNIT............................................................................................................86 12.13 FAN UNIT ...............................................................................................................................................86

12.14 POWER SUPPLY AND SYNC UNIT .........................................................................................................86 12.15 POWER SUPPLY UNIT ...........................................................................................................................86 12.16 LEDS .....................................................................................................................................................86

13. DIPLEXER, BRANCHING AND ANTENNA INTERFACE ....................................................................87

13.1 DIPLEXER DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................................87 13.2 RF-COUPLER.............................................................................................................................................87

13.2.1 RF-input return loss ODU..............................................................................................................8713.3 LOW LOSS BRANCHING DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................87

13.3.1 Branching loss long haul system..................................................................................................8713.3.2 RF-filter characteristics..................................................................................................................8813.3.3 RF-input return loss........................................................................................................................88

13.4 ANTENNA INTERFACE -SPLIT MOUNT SYSTEM WITH DIPLEXER..............................................................89 13.5 ANTENNA INTERFACELONG HAUL RF-FILTER BRANCHING SYSTEM...................................................89

14. IFU-ODU INTERFACE ...............................................................................................................................90

14.1 CABLE INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS ......................................................................................................90 14.2 CABLE CHARACTERISTICS .........................................................................................................................90

15. RADIO PROTECTION SWITCHING (RPS) ............................................................................................91

15.1 GENERAL ...................................................................................................................................................91 15.2 LOW PRIORITY TRAFFIC ............................................................................................................................91 15.3 BASE BAND SWITCHING OPERATIONS .......................................................................................................91 15.4 SWITCHING CAPABILITY .............................................................................................................................91 15.5 PRIORITY OF PROTECTION SWITCHING .....................................................................................................91

15.6 ALIGNMENT SPECIFICATION.......................................................................................................................91 15.7 SWITCHING CRITERIA,RX..........................................................................................................................91 15.7.1 Continuity criteria............................................................................................................................91 15.7.2 Quality criteria.................................................................................................................................92

15.8 SWITCHING OPERATION TIME,RX .............................................................................................................92 15.9 SWITCHING CRITERIA AND SWITCHING OPERATION TIME,TX...................................................................92

16. MANAGEMENT SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS...................................................................................93

16.1 GENERAL ...................................................................................................................................................93 16.2 EVENT LOGGING ........................................................................................................................................93 16.3 MONITORING OF SYSTEM PERFORMANCE.................................................................................................94

16.3.1 System performance calculations................................................................................................94 16.3.2 Performance record logging..........................................................................................................94

16.4 SECURITY MANAGEMENT...........................................................................................................................94 16.4.1 Security event logging....................................................................................................................94

16.5 MANAGEMENT SYSTEM COMMUNICATION .................................................................................................95 16.5.1 Management LAN interface ..........................................................................................................9516.5.2 USB interface..................................................................................................................................95 16.5.3 Data Communication Channel DCC............................................................................................95 16.5.4 64 kb/s point to point channels.....................................................................................................9616.5.5 DCN network...................................................................................................................................9616.5.6 Inband Management Access ........................................................................................................97

16.6 EMBEDDED SNMPAGENT ........................................................................................................................97 16.6.1 Standard MIBs Supported.............................................................................................................97

17. PHYSICAL INTERFACES .........................................................................................................................98

17.1 INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS 155MBIT/S ELECTRICAL .........................................................................98 17.2 INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS 155MBIT/S OPTICAL -INTERMEDIATE REACH........................................98


9/118


17.3 INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS 155MBIT/S OPTICAL -LONG REACH 1300NM........................................98 17.4 INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS 155MBIT/S OPTICAL -LONG REACH 1500NM........................................98 17.5 INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS 155MBIT/S OPTICALMULTI MODE ......................................................99 17.6 INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS 622MBIT/S OPTICAL -INTERMEDIATE REACH........................................99

17.7 INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS 1.5MBIT/S ...............................................................................................99 17.8 INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS 2MBIT/S ..................................................................................................99 17.9 INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS 34MBIT/S ................................................................................................99 17.10 INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS 45MBIT/S ..........................................................................................100 17.11 2.048MHZ SYNCHRONISATION INPUT/OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS ..................................................100 17.12 10/100BASE-TX ...............................................................................................................................100 17.13 1000BASE-T .....................................................................................................................................100 17.14 1000BASE-LX...................................................................................................................................100 17.15 1000BASE-SX ..................................................................................................................................100 17.16 64KB/S CHANNEL CHARACTERISTICS .................................................................................................101 17.17 SERVICE TELEPHONE/ORDERWIRE INTERFACES ...............................................................................101

17.17.1 OE1 and OE2 Interfaces: ............................................................................................................10117.17.2 4 Wire Interface:............................................................................................................................101

17.18 ALARM AND CONTROL INTERFACES....................................................................................................102 17.18.1 External alarm input interfaces:..................................................................................................102 17.18.2 Relay output interfaces:...............................................................................................................102 17.18.3 Analogue Input Interfaces:...........................................................................................................102

18. ENVIRONMENTAL ...................................................................................................................................103

18.1 ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY CONDITIONS (EMC) .....................................................................103 18.2 SAFETY CONDITIONS ...............................................................................................................................103 18.3 ROHSAND WEEECOMPLIANCE ............................................................................................................103 18.4 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ................................................................................................................103

18.4.1 Outdoor Enclosure Protection.....................................................................................................103

19. MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS.....................................................................................................104

19.1 INSTALLATION ..........................................................................................................................................104 19.2 DIMENSIONS.............................................................................................................................................104 19.3 WEIGHTS .................................................................................................................................................104

20. POWER SUPPLY AND CONSUMPTION .............................................................................................105

21. INTEGRATED ANTENNAS .....................................................................................................................106

22. REFERENCES...........................................................................................................................................107

23. TERMINOLOGY ........................................................................................................................................109

APPENDIX 1 ODU/DIPLEXER SUB-BAND RANGE ....................................................................................111


10/118


List of figures PageFigure 2-1 ODU based system ......................................................... ........................................................... .......... 17Figure 2-2 Long Haul Indoor Mounted system, 7+1/8+0....................................................... ............................. 18

Figure 2-3 Long Haul Split Mount system, 3+1/4+0 .................................................... ....................................... 19Figure 3-1 SDH/SONET Ring Network...................................................... ........................................................... 20Figure 3-2 SDH Mapping and Multiplexing ......................................................... ................................................. 23Figure 3-3 SONET Mapping and Multiplexing .................................................... ................................................. 23Figure 3-4 SDH and SONET STM-4/OC-12 Mapping........................................................... ............................. 24Figure 3-5 DXC Unit Figure 3-6 DXC Frame.................................................... ....................................... 24Figure 3-7 1+0 and HSB Terminals with Multiplexer ................................................... ....................................... 27Figure 3-8 Two Directions 1+0.......................................................... ............................................................ ......... 27Figure 3-9 Two Directions HSB and 2+0................................................... ........................................................... 28Figure 3-10 Four Directions 1+0 and HSB.......................................................... ................................................. 28Figure 3-11 n+1 or n+0 Terminal with DXC 2x155 Mb/s ................................................... ............................. 29Figure 3-12 n+1 or n+0 Terminal with DXC 4x155 Mb/s ................................................... ............................. 29Figure 3-13 Point to point links, STM-4/OC-12 .................................................. ................................................. 30

Figure 3-14 Two directions STM-4/OC-12 to STM-1/OC-3 ................................................... ............................. 30Figure 3-15 Four directions STM-4/OC-12 to STM-1/OC-3 .................................................. ............................. 30Figure 3-16 Port to Link Mapping - Multiple E-Line...................................................... ....................................... 32Figure 3-17 VLAN Switch mode ....................................................... ............................................................ ......... 33Figure 4-1 XPAND Node Site with Spur Links.................................................... ................................................. 36Figure 4-2 XPAND Terminal, TDM ................................................... ........................................................... ......... 40Figure 4-3 XPAND Terminal, Ethernet only or Ethernet & TDM.................................................... ................... 40Figure 4-4 XPAND Node two directions, unprotected ........................................................... ............................. 40Figure 4-5 XPAND Nodes, Two directions-protected, Four directions-unprotected ...................................... 41Figure 5-1 System Block Diagram 1+0 Terminal ......................................................... ....................................... 43Figure 5-2 System Block Diagram 1+1 HSB/FD Terminal ................................................... ............................. 43Figure 5-3 System Block Diagram 2+0 Terminal ......................................................... ....................................... 44Figure 5-4 System Block Diagram Space Diversity Terminal ........................................................ ................... 44Figure 5-5 System Block Diagram CCDP Terminal..................................................... ....................................... 45Figure 5-6 System Block Diagram 3+1/4+0 Terminal ........................................................... ............................. 45Figure 5-7 System Block Diagram 7+1/8+0 Terminal ........................................................... ............................. 46Figure 5-8 System Block Diagram Long Haul 7+1/8+0 Terminal .................................................. ................... 47Figure 5-9 Branching Diagrams 1+1/2+0 and 3+1/4+0 Dual Polarized .................................................. ......... 48Figure 5-10 Branching diagrams 7+1/8+0 and 3+1 Space Diveristy....................................................... ......... 48Figure 6-1 Principle block diagram for a split mount radio system with Diplexer ........................................... 52Figure 6-2 Principle block diagram for a radio system with RF Branching...................................................... 52Figure 6-3 System loop backs ........................................................... ........................................................... ......... 54Figure 12-1 XCVR and ODU.................................................... ........................................................... ................... 81Figure 12-2 IFU, 1+0 system ................................................... ........................................................... ................... 82Figure 12-3 Slot Matrix Universal IFU.......................................................... .......................................................... 82

Figure 12-4 Access IFU, 1+0 terminal........................................................ .......................................................... 83Figure 16-1 IP Router Overview ......................................................... ........................................................... ......... 95Figure 16-2 Data Communication Network ........................................................... ................................................ 96Figure 16-3 Inband Management XPAND and METRO ......................................................... ............................ 97


11/118


List of tables PageTable 3-1 Synchronisation quality levels................................................................................................................25Table 3-2 Utilisation of SOH bytes .........................................................................................................................26

Table 3-3 Ethernet Packet Latency VC-4 mapping ..........................................................................................35Table 3-4 Ethernet Throughput METRO ...............................................................................................................35Table 4-1 PXC Connections....................................................................................................................................36Table 4-2 IFU Configurations, XPAND ..................................................................................................................37Table 4-3 Ethernet Packet Latency XPAND .........................................................................................................38Table 4-4 Ethernet Throughput XPAND ................................................................................................................39Table 6-1 Transmission Capacity Overview ETSI Data rates ............................................................................49Table 6-2 Transmission Capacity Overview ANSI Data rates ............................................................................49Table 6-3 Frequency bands ETSI...........................................................................................................................51Table 6-4 Frequency bands ANSI ..........................................................................................................................51Table 6-5 ETSI Equipment Class ...........................................................................................................................53Table 6-6 System delay ...........................................................................................................................................53Table 6-7 MTBF Figures ..........................................................................................................................................55

Table 7-1 Maximum input signal level....................................................................................................................57Table 7-2 System signature 155 Mb/s Long Haul Systems ................................................................................58Table 7-3 System signature 155 Mb/s and 311 Mb/s - ODU ..............................................................................58Table 7-4 System signature 100-8 Mb/s ETSI ......................................................................................................58Table 7-5 System signature values 125-6 Mb/sANSI ..........................................................................................59Table 7-6 Co-Channel Interference Sensitivity 155 and 311 Mb/s ....................................................................60Table 7-7 Co-Channel Interference Sensitivity ETSI rates .................................................................................60Table 7-8 Co-Channel Interference Sensitivity ANSI rates .................................................................................60Table 7-9 Adjacent Interference Sensitivity 155 and 311 Mb/s ..........................................................................61Table 7-10 Adjacent Channel Interference Sensitivity ETSI rates..................................................................61Table 7-11 Adjacent Channel Interference Sensitivity ANSI rates.....................................................................61Table 8-1 Nominal output power Standard Power ODU .....................................................................................63Table 8-2 Nominal output power High Power ODU .............................................................................................63Table 8-3 Receiver threshold, 155 Mb/s in ~28 MHz channel............................................................................64Table 8-4 Receiver threshold, 155 Mb/s in 40 MHz channel ..............................................................................64Table 8-5 Receiver threshold, 155 Mb/s in ~56 MHz channel............................................................................64Table 8-6 Receiver threshold, 311 Mb/s in ~56 MHz channel............................................................................65Table 8-7 Receiver threshold, 311 Mb/s in ~50 MHz channel............................................................................65Table 8-8 System gain standard power .................................................................................................................66Table 8-9 System gain high power .........................................................................................................................66Table 9-1 Nominal output power Long Haul System, 155 Mb/s .........................................................................67Table 9-2 Receiver threshold, 155 Mb/s................................................................................................................67Table 9-3 Receiver threshold, 155 Mb/s................................................................................................................67Table 9-4 Receiver threshold, 155 Mb/s................................................................................................................68Table 9-5 System gain high power .........................................................................................................................68

Table 10-1 Nominal output power Standard Power ODU ...................................................................................69Table 10-2 Nominal output power High Power ODU ...........................................................................................69Table 10-3 Nominal output power LC ODU ..........................................................................................................70Table 10-4 Receiver threshold 50xE1 in 28 MHz channel ..................................................................................70Table 10-5 Receiver threshold 40xE1 in 28 MHz channel ..................................................................................70Table 10-6 Receiver threshold 28xE1 in 14 MHz channel ..................................................................................70Table 10-7 Receiver threshold 20xE1 in 14 MHz channel ..................................................................................71Table 10-8 Receiver threshold 16xE1 in 28 MHz channel ..................................................................................71Table 10-9 Receiver threshold 16xE1 in 14 MHz channel ..................................................................................71Table 10-10 Receiver threshold 8xE1 in 14 MHz channel ..................................................................................71Table 10-11 Receiver threshold 8xE1 in 7 MHz channel ....................................................................................72Table 10-12 Receiver threshold 4xE1 in 7 MHz channel ....................................................................................72Table 10-13 System gain Standard Power - ETSI ...............................................................................................73

Table 10-14 System gain high power - ETSI ........................................................................................................74Table 11-1 Nominal output power Standard Power ODU ...................................................................................75


12/118


Table 11-2 Nominal output power High Power ODU .................................................... ....................................... 76Table 11-3 Receiver thresholds 80xT1....................................................... ........................................................... 77Table 11-4 Receiver thresholds 64xT1....................................................... ........................................................... 77Table 11-5 Receiver threshold 32xT1......................................................... ........................................................... 77

Table 11-6 Receiver threshold 16xT1......................................................... ........................................................... 78Table 11-7 Receiver threshold 32xT1......................................................... ........................................................... 78Table 11-8 Receiver threshold 8xT1 in 10 MHz channel ....................................................... ............................. 78Table 11-9 Receiver threshold 4xT1 in 5 MHz channel ......................................................... ............................. 78Table 11-10 System gain Standard Power - ANSI........................................................ ....................................... 79Table 11-11 System gain High Power - ANSI...................................................... ................................................. 80Table 12-1 Access IFUs, XPAND...................................................... ............................................................ ......... 83Table 13-1 RF-Coupler loss ..................................................... ............................................................ ................... 87Table 13-2 Branching loss........................................................ ............................................................ ................... 87Table 13-3 RF-Filter characteristics.................................................. ............................................................ ......... 88Table 13-4 ODU flanges and waveguide ................................................... ........................................................... 89Table 13-5 Long Haul Branching flanges and waveguide .................................................... ............................. 89Table 14-1 Cable lengths, IFU-ODU cable .......................................................... ................................................. 90Table 15-1 Switching operation time........................................................... ........................................................... 92Table 20-1 Power consumption terminal .................................................... ......................................................... 105Table 20-2 Maximum power consumption units.................................................. ............................................... 105


13/118


1. INTRODUCTION

The Nera Evolution Series microwave radio dramatically changes the operations for wirelesstransmission network owners. With the ability of a common platform architecture, which is fullysoftware configurable; transmission capacity, system configurations and transmission interfaces can bechanged to adapt to future needs. Evolution Series dramatically reduces the cost of ownership. Withsignificantly reduced number of parts and high MTBF Evolution Series ensures maximum uptime andlow maintenance.

The Evolution Series microwave radio system is designed to transmit data rates from about 6 Mb/s to1550 Mb/s, in the frequency bands from 5 GHz to 40 GHz. The configuration of capacity and modulationis software configurable, giving an optimal balance between system gain and spectral efficiency.

Network operators can with the Universal IFU system easily future proof the network as the microwave

radio can easily adapt to the evolution of the transmission network. Growing traffic and the convergenceof network technologies causes changing requirements, such as capacity upgrades, change oftransmission systems between PDH, SDH/SONET and pure Ethernet; all this is simply implemented bysoftware configuration change and change of interface units. The available interfaces range from E1, T1,E3, DS3, STM-1/OC-3 and STM-4/OC-12 to 10/100BASE-TX and Gigabit Ethernet.

The Evolution Series product can be configured to work in two different modes, METRO (SDH based)and XPAND (Hybrid Ethernet/PDH based). In both modes it is possible to either have a split mountedsystem with IFU and ODU or an optimized long haul system with low loss RF-branching providing thebest system gain for high capacity systems. Payload capacity on each RF channel is configurable and isenabled by SW licences. With the Universal IFU changes and upgrades can be done by the user withoutHW changes to the basic IFU platform.

The Universal IFU is used in METRO and in XPAND when more than 16 E1/T1 interfaces and/or moredirections are needed. In addition the Access IFUs with fixed interfaces and one antenna direction areavailable.

In the following the main features for each configuration mode is described

METROfeatures (ETSI andANSI)

155 Mb/s and 311Mb/s transmission capacity per XCVR/ODU

Configurations from 1+0 and HSB up to 7+1 and 10+0

CCDP configuration with XPIC

28, 40, 50 and 56 MHz BW Options for embedded ADM mux / X-connect

TDM traffic : 63xE1, 3xE3/DS3, 64xT1

STM-1/OC-3 and STM-4/OC-12

Advanced Ethernet : 4xFE and 1xGbE with QoS, nxVC12(VT1.5), nxVC-3(STS-1) or nxVC-4(STS-3-3c) mapping

Traffic Node with 4 radio directions, SNCP with Ring, Chain, Star or Mesh topology

Low loss multi channel Long Haul system, including combiner Space Diversity XCVR


14/118


XPANDfeatures, Universal IFU (ETSI)

Scalable 8, 16, 32, 40, 56, 80, 100, 150 Mb/s transmission capacity (4, 8, 16, 20, 28 40, 50,75xE1)

7, 14, 28 and 40 MHz BW 1+0 and HSB/1+1 Configuration with Space Diversity option

Mix of Ethernet and E1s

Ethernet 1xFE, scalable with 2 Mbit/s granularity up to 100Mb/s

Embedded E1 cross-connect

Ring protection for E1s,, based on SNCP

STM-1 interface for direct connection to a SDH based network

Low loss Long Haul system available

XPANDfeatures, Access IFU (ETSI)

Scalable 8, 16, 32, 40, 56, 80 and 100 Mb/s transmission capacity

1+0 and HSB/1+1 Configuration with Space Diversity option 7, 14 and 28 MHz BW

Mix of Ethernet and E1s, scalable with 2 Mbit/s granularity

IFU1: 4E1

IFU2: 16E1 + 2 x Fast Ethernet + 64kb/s

XPANDfeatures Universal IFU (ANSI)

Scalable 6, 12, 22, 24, 50, 100, 125 and 150 Mb/s transmission capacity (4, 8, 14, 16, 32, 64, 80,96xT1)

5, 10, 20 and 30 MHz BW

1+0 and HSB/1+1 Configuration with Space Diversity option

Mix of Ethernet and T1s Ethernet 1xFE, scalable with 1.5 Mbit/s granularity up to 100Mb/s.

Embedded T1 cross-connect

Ring protection for T1s (also T1s carrying Ethernet traffic), based on SNCP

OC-3/STS-3 interface for direct connection to a SONET based network

Low loss Long Haul system available

XPANDfeatures, Access IFU (ANSI)

Scalable 6, 12, 22, 24, 50 or 100 Mb/s transmission capacity

1+0 and HSB/1+1 Configuration with Space Diversity option

5, 10 and 20 MHz BW

Mix of Ethernet and T1s scalable with 1.5 Mbit/s granularity IFU1: 4T1 + 2 x Fast Ethernet

IFU2: 16E1 + 2 x Fast Ethernet + 64kb/s

The Evolution Series is an integrated part of Neras wide product portfolio, from the leading microwavespecialist. The product portfolio covers products for all type of professional wireless carrier systems.Neras microwave experience dates back more than 50 years, with a leading position in this field. TheEvolution Series radio is integrated in Neras new EM/NMS system, NetMaster.


15/118


1.1 Features

The Evolution Series microwave radio utilises the latest advanced technology, a high degree of RF

circuit integration, using Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits (MMIC), combined with advanceddirect RF modulation, enabling a broadband, revolutionary compact design for a high power microwavemodule. The patented technology enables a revolutionary low power consumption and high reliabilitydue to fewer parts in the radio unit.

The modem contains multidimensional coded modulation, combined with a powerful block code. Theresulting two-stage error correction improves system margin over traditional single FEC systems such asQAM, TCM or MLCM. The modem is extremely flexible, enabling an optimum configuration for allcapacities and channel plans.

The XVCR can be used for all transmission capacities and covers the whole band, both high and lowpart. The same XCVR is used in both Split Mount Access Systems and Long Haul Systems. For Long

Haul Combiner Space Diversity XCVR is also available.

Split Mount Access Systems are using an ODU Unit which consists of the XVCR and a Diplexer Unit.Most frequency bands can be covered by four ODU variants for the whole band. The frequency setting iseasy and is performed locally or remotely by the LCT function. The ODU can for most frequency bandsbe mounted directly on the antenna, both in unprotected and protected configurations. The ODU can alsobe mounted on the antenna pole, using a short flexible waveguide to the antenna.

The InterFace Unit (IFU) is an extremely modular system, catering for the various system configurationsand traffic interfaces by plug-in units. The IFU can easily be expanded from a single channel system upto a traffic node handling up to 8 ODU/XCVRs. The IFU contains the user interfaces, baseband

processing and multiplexing, management and radio interface.

The demodulator contains an integrated digital interference canceller, which can be used to provide theXPIC function, enabling two carriers to be transmitted over the same frequency, using dual polarisedantennas.

The optional embedded ADM/DXC function provides multiplexing for user traffic into the STM-1/OC-3signal. In traffic node systems, the digital cross connect (DXC) routes the user traffic between the variouslink directions without the need for cabling or external multiplexers. Chain, ring, star and meshtopologies are supported, with individual choice of unprotected or protected (SNCP) traffic circuits. Themultiplexer supports a mix of traffic types, such as E1, T1, E3, DS3 and Ethernet.

In XPAND mode an embedded PDH cross-connect allows flexible routing of Ethernet traffic and X-connect of E1/T1-traffic between the radio interfaces and the user interfaces.


16/118


1.2 Network Applications

The Evolution Series microwave radio is ideally suited for a wide range of applications. Due to the

flexibility in configurations, the choice of traffic interfaces and the capacity scalability, it can easilyadapt to the specific requirements of a given network application. The flexibility and ease- of upgrade,future proof the investment, as the equipment can grow with the increasing traffic demand as well aseasily adapt to other transmission technologies.

Mobile (BTS) Backhaul

- The Evolution Series microwave radio is ideal for demanding and critical application such asbackhaul of BTS traffic. Where loss of traffic directly results in loss of revenue, reliability andmaximum uptime are critical parameters for the network operator. The Evolution Series reliable andflexible architecture as well as high system gain, ensures increased availability of the offeredservices, and a secured revenue stream. The optional embedded ADM multiplexer and cross-connect

enables routing of traffic without the need for external cabling. Further, the traffic circuits can beindividually protected via ring or mesh topologies, and various traffic types can be mixed, sharing thetransmission capacity of the radio. The radio can be configured for a wide range of capacities,ensuring an optimal utilization of the available spectrum as well as capabilities for upgrading whentraffic demand increases or new services are introduced.

- With the introduction of new mobile technologies (3G), as an overlay network or a Greenfieldinstallation, the aggregate capacity demand typically raise above 16xE/T1. High density PDH and/orSDH radios are needed, and a common platform system, represent large savings in the networkoperation, compared to more traditional network designs.

! "

#$ % &$ '

!( " )

*" )(+* , +"'


17/118


Long Haul Trunk Systems

- For long haul applications where high capacity and high availability is crucial the low loss optimizedRF-branching system is the best choice. These systems are the choice when the need is multiple

STM-1/OC-3, STM-4/OC-12 or Gigabit Ethernet connections. Integrated ADM is also available,enabling access to TDM tributaries without the need for external multiplexer. Applications can bepure backbone radio transmission networks and also back-up links for fibre connections or closing ofrings where fibre can not be used.

LMDS/FWA Backhaul

- LMDS/FWA backhaul.The Evolution Series radio is well suited for backhaul of traffic from Point-to-MultiPoint radio access systems like WiMax. With a selectable capacity, ranging from about 20 Mb/sto 600Mb/s, the Evolution Series radio can easily be deployed in small network as well as in largerconstellations and networks with several sites linked together. The choice of pure Ethernet/GigabitEthernet, 155Mb/s SDH/SONET, or a combination of TDM (E1/T1/E3/DS3) with Ethernet/GigabitEthernet, makes the Evolution Series suitable for any FWA network installation.

- DSLAM backhaul.The introduction of xDSL services can in some cases uncover a new challenge.The local transmission network may only be dimensioned for the POTS traffic and is not suited forhigh speed data. Upgrading the local network to fibre might not be feasible due to time and/or cost ofsuch upgrade. The Evolution Series microwave radio offers an easy and flexible solution to thischallenge. The Evolution Series microwave radio can offer backhaul of the DSLAM to the opticalbackbone network, whether the network interfaces are PDH, ATM/SDH/SONET or Ethernet/GigabitEthernet. With the Evolution Series radio, the various traffic types are catered for merely by changeof interface units.

' ,%' -')

./ '

/

"

)

,

'

0/

)

!!

*" !1

'


18/118


Private Networks Operators

- Corporate/Campus Networks. The Evolution Series radio is a good alternative to more commonunlicensed microwave solutions. With higher capacity, choice of pure Ethernet/Gigabit Ethernet,

155Mb/s SDH/SONET, or a combination of TDM (E1/T1/E3/DS3) with Ethernet/Gigabit Ethernet,makes the Evolution Series suitable for most private networks, whether they are carrying legacyservices or data only. Flexibility and simplicity, combined with a predictable reliability, proves formany network owners to be an unbeatable combination.

' ,%' "

")

!

)

'

("

'"

'1


19/118


2. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION GENERAL

The Evolution Series microwave radio system has the option of an ODU based system or a Long HaulRF-branching based system. The same basic units like XCVR, IFU and interface cards are used in bothsystems. Further the system has two configuration modes METRO (SDH/SONET) and XPAND(Scalable PDH/Ethernet). The embedded SW can handle both modes and the choice of mode is doneduring terminal configuration.

ODU based systems

These systems comprise indoor part (IFU), outdoor part (ODU) and antenna. The IFU and each ODU isinterconnected with coaxial cable which carries transmit and receive user traffic, managementcommunication between the IFU and ODU, and the power supply to the ODU. The ODU can be mounteddirectly to the antenna or to a pole when this is needed.

Figure 2-1 ODU based system


20/118


Optimised Long haul systems

These systems are most commonly all indoor mounted but a split mounted version is also available. Thesystem comprises one to five IFUs with interface units and power supply connection to the system, up toten XCVRs and the RF branching system. Connection to the antenna is by elliptical WG. Amongavailable features are Combiner Space Diversity, Co-channel operation, Adjacent channel operation andintegrated ADM/DXC. The indoor system is mounted in a 19 rack. The split mount version has anoutdoor branching box with capacity of four XCVRs, also with the options of Combiner Space Diversityand Co-channel operation. In this configuration the connection between indoor and outdoor part is bycoaxial cable like in the other ODU based systems.

Figure 2-2 Long Haul Indoor Mounted system, 7+1/8+0


21/118


Figure 2-3 Long Haul Split Mount system, 3+1/4+0


22/118


3. METRO SYSTEM DESCRIPTION ACCESS & LONG HAUL

Evolution Series METRO is a high capacity system configuration with transmission capacity of 155 or311 Mb/s per XCVR/ODU and up to 10x155 Mb/s per link. CCDP configuration with XPIC is availablein all frequency bands for all modulation schemes. The transmission protocols are SDH or SONET.Ethernet traffic is transported using the Ethernet over SDH standards; GFP, VCAT and LCAS.

The equipment can be configured for a wide range of network configurations including terminal andtraffic node with two, three or four antenna directions with Add/Drop and digital x-connect of trafficbetween the directions.

Figure 3-1 SDH/SONET Ring Network

Terminals with E1,T1,E3 and DS3 interfaces or Nodes with Add/Drop and x-connect of traffic requiresDXC function, either by using the plug in DXC unit, handling four directions, or the larger DXC Framewith eight directions, where four can be radio directions and four interface units.

Terminals with STM-4/OC-12 interface can be used in a point to point topology or in a nodeconfiguration where the STM-4/OC-12 signal is split into STM-1/OC-3 signals transmitted in differentdirections. See examples in chapter 3.6

For terminals with only STM-1/OC-3, Ethernet or STM-4/OC-12 interfaces the Link Configurationsdescribed in chapter 5 can be used as references. Combination of the mentioned interfaces is possible.


23/118


3.1 Link Configurations

The following link configurations are available for XCVR/ODU configured with 155 Mb/s capacity and

ODU configured with 311 Mb/s capacity. 1+0

1+1 HSB/FD

1+1 HSB/FD - Space Diversity

2+0 (DF-SP) Adjacent channels supported.

2+0 (SF-DP) with XPIC

Additional link configurations are available for XCVR/ODUs configured with 155 Mb/s capacity

1+1 HSB/FD - Dual Baseband

n+1 (1+1 to 7+1)

n+0 (1+0 to 10+0)

Space Diversity with IF combiner is available for all long haul configurations with branching, bothindoor and with ODU branching box.

The Link Configurations are detailed in chapter 5

3.2 Node Configurations

Node configurations with two traffic directions are available for all configurations and traffic can bedropped from four channels, E1 Tributaries per site are 200 and T1 tributaries are 128. Nodes with threeor four directions are available for links with 1+0/1+1/HSB configurations, number of tributaries is 100E1s or 64T1s.Node configuration examples are included in chapter 3.5

ConfigurationXCVR/ODU

capacity

Node

Directions

1+0/1+1/HSB 155 Mb/s 4

2+0 to 10+0 155 Mb/s 2

n+1, n=1 to 7 155 Mb/s 2

1+0/1+1/HSB 311 Mb/s 2

3.3 User Interfaces

The system can handle a mix of both TDM traffic and Ethernet traffic, available interface units are:

STM-1/OC-3 electrical or optical.

STM-4/OC-12

12xE1 and 25xE1

8xT1 and 16xT1

3xE3/DS3

Ethernet (4x10/100BASE-TX, 1000BASE-T and 1000BASE-X (SFP))

E1, T1, E3 and DS3 interfaces requires DXC.STM-4/OC-12 links with distribution to STM-1/OC-3 requires DXC.

Available auxiliary interfaces are: E1/T1 Wayside, 64 kb/s, EOW and External Alarm and Controls.


24/118


3.3.1 64 kb/s auxiliary channels and EOW

Interfaces for 64 kb/s Auxiliary channels are available at the EOW Unit and the separate 64 kb/s Unit.The 64 Kb/s channels can be transported in available channels in the SOH/TOH or in two channels in the

NERA Frame. Maximum five channels for EOW and 64 kb/s can be allocated per main channel. Theunits can also be used to set up a management 64 kb/s Point to Point connection over radio, line orexternal 64 kb/s line. For more details see the unit descriptions.

3.3.2 E1 and T1 Wayside channel

The E1 or T1 Wayside channel is transported in the SOH/TOH. The E1/T1 Wayside Unit is required forG.703 interface. This unit handles two channels, which can either be used to transmit E1/T1Waysidechannel in to two channels or to through connect a Wayside channel from one direction to another.See chapter 3.4.7 for more details about use of SOH/TOH.

3.3.2.1 Ethernet Wayside

The 2 Mb/s wayside capacity can be used to carry Ethernet traffic. The LAN2 port at the SU is used asinterface. The Ethernet packets are mapped into the SOH/TOH. See chapter 3.4.7 for more details aboutuse of SOH/TOH.

3.3.3 External Alarm and Controls

See unit description. Chapter 12.11


25/118


3.4 SDH/SONET Features and DXC Functionality

3.4.1 Mapping and multiplexing DXC Unit & DXC FrameThe equipment supports both SDH and SONET mapping. For Ethernet traffic, GFP mapping is used. Seechapter 4.2.2 for more details.The DXC supports SDH and SONET Mapping and multiplexing of E1, E3 and DS3 according to Figure3-2 and Figure 3-3.

Figure 3-2 SDH Mapping and Multiplexing

!

Figure 3-3 SONET Mapping and Multiplexing


26/118


3.4.2 Mapping and multiplexing STM-4/OC-12

A terminal with STM-4/OC-12 interface supports Mapping and multiplexing according to Figure 3-4. If

the payload contains four individual STM-1/OC-3 signals the payload may be partially populated. Thisallows the use of the STM-4/OC-12 interface on a link with lower capacity. If the payload is aconcatenated signal a link capacity of 622 Mb/s is mandatory.

Figure 3-4 SDH and SONET STM-4/OC-12 Mapping

3.4.3 Cross-connect support

The DXC Unit or the larger DXC Frame provides the SDH/SONET multiplexer functionality.It can be configured as terminal, ADM with two transmission directions or as X-connect with up to fourtransmission directions. It can also be used without ODU as a DXC terminal. The node has a non-blocking cross-connect capability at VT1.5, VC-12, VC-3/STS-1 and VC-4/STS-3 levels with a total

cross-connect capacity of 4VC-4/STS-3 (DXC Unit) and 8VC-4/STS-3 (DXC Frame). The data trafficcan be a mix of TDM and Ethernet.

" #$%'%'

%'

%'

" ()

'

%

Figure 3-5 DXC Unit Figure 3-6 DXC Frame

3.4.3.1 Sub Network Connection Protection

In a ring or mesh topology the traffic signals can be protected by SNCP. This is done by transmitting therelevant VC/SPE in both directions in the ring. At the receive direction, the available or better-qualitysignal is selected.

The following switching criteria are used:

AU/TU AIS and AU/TU LOP alarms

Path error performance

Unequipped Signal and Trace Identifier at VC level

User Command from the LCT or from EM/NMS.

The protected VC-n/SPEs circuits can be selected from any STM-1/STS-3 signal connected to the DXC.


27/118


3.4.4 Synchronisation

The terminal contains an optional SETS function included in the DXC. In RST mode the SETS functionis not required and the incoming 155 Mb/s signal is transmitted without re-timing. Transmit and receive

directions are independent from each other and can have different timing sources.

In MST mode the SETS function is providing the equipment clock. The SETS function can besynchronised to one of the following sources:

155 Mbit/s signal from line or radio direction

2 MHz clock input

One selectable 2 or 1.5 Mbit/s tributary input signal

Internal oscillator (free running)

The user sets the available synchronisation references sources in priority order. The highest qualitysource is used to synchronise the equipment clock, but if there are several sources available with equally

high quality, the source with higher priority is used. If a timing source is not available (loss of signal) orits timing signal is outside tolerances, the SETS function will select the next available source with thehighest quality.

3.4.4.1 Synchronisation status messaging

Synchronisation status messaging can be used to ensure that the best available timing source will be used.The messaging is also used to prevent timing loops in SDH ring and mesh networks. The statusmessaging is transferred in the S1 byte in the Section Overhead.The synchronisation status quality levels are shown in the table below.

Abbr. ETSI Ref. Quality

G.811 QL_PRC Primary Reference Clock (PRC) defined in ITU-T rec. G.811

G.812T QL_SSU T Transit node clock defined in ITU-T rec. G.812

G.812L QL_SSU L Local node clock defined in ITU-T rec. G.812

SETS QL_SEC Synchronous Equipment Timing Source (internal oscillator)

Do Not Use QL_DNU Do not use for synchronisation (to prevent timing loops)

Table 3-1 Synchronisation quality levels

In case the synchronisation status message is not contained in the synchronisation input signal, forexample in the external 2 MHz or in 2/1.5 Mbit/s tributary input signal, the quality level can be definedmanually by the operator.

3.4.5 Section Termination

The radio channel can be configured with RS- or MS-termination according to ITU-T Rec.G.783. Whenthe radio is configured with DXC or tributary units, the radio will always be configured for MS-termination. When the equipment is not equipped with DXC or tributary units it will be configured withRS-termination and the radio link is a regeneration section.

3.4.6 Scrambling / descrambling functions

The system contains both a STM-1/STS-3 scrambler/descrambler according to ITU-T Rec. G.707 and aradio specific scrambler/descrambler, which randomises the transmitted digital signal in order to makethe RF power spectrum as uniform as possible, irrespective of the transmitted data.


28/118


3.4.7 Section/Transport Overhead (SOH/TOH)

Use of TOH/SOH is according to ITU-T Rec. G.707.

Access to bytes in MSOH at a regenerator is according to ITU-R Rec.750. A description is given in Table3-2: Shaded bytes can be used for 2Mb/s, 1.5 Mb/s or Ethernet wayside channel. These bytes and the E1,E2, F1, MS#1-3, Z1#1-2, or Z2#2 bytes can be used as 64 kb/s user channels. Maximum three 64 kb/schannels can be allocated per SOH/TOH. In addition there are two user channels in the NERA Frameoverhead.

A1 A1 A1 A2 A2 A2 J0 N N

B1 MS#1 MS#2 E1 X X F1 N NRSOH:

D1 MS#3 X D2 X X D3 X X

H1 H1 H1 H2 H2 H2 H3 H3 H3

B2 B2 B2 K1 X X K2 X X

D4 X X D5 X X D6 X X

D7 X X D8 X X D9 X X

D10 X X D11 X X D12 X X

MSOH:

S1 Z1#1 Z1#2 Z2#1 Z2#2 M1 E2 N N

Table 3-2 Utilisation of SOH bytes

3.4.8 SOH/TOH Frameword and bytes

The first nine bytes in the frame (row 1 in SOH/TOH) are unscrambled according to ITU-T Rec. G.707.

A1: Frameword (11110110)A2: Frameword (00101000)N: Bytes reserved for national use. Used for wayside or user channelJ0: Regenerator Section TraceB1: BIP-8 (Bit Interleaved Parity-8) (RST)B2: BIP-24 (Bit Interleaved Parity-24) (MST)MS#1-3: Media specific bytes. User channelE1-byte: User channelF1-byte: User channel

H1-H3: AU/SPE-pointers.K1/K2-byte: Bytes for APS signalling. MSP function is not implementedK2 (b6-b8) MS-Remote Defect IndicationD1-D3 bytes: Embedded control channel - Regenerator, ECCrD4-D12 bytes: Embedded Control Channel - Multiplexer -ECC-MS1-byte: Synchronisation Status MessageZ1/Z2-byte: User channelM1-byte: Remote Error Identifier (MS-REI)E2-byte: User channel


29/118


3.5 METRO Terminal and Node Configurations with DXC

Figure 3-7 1+0 and HSB Terminals with Multiplexer

Figure 3-8 Two Directions 1+0


30/118


Figure 3-9 Two Directions HSB and 2+0

' *

" ()

'

%

%"

%

%

'

'

#

'

&(#

&(#

" ()

%

Figure 3-10 Four Directions 1+0 and HSB


31/118


! !

"

+ !

,,

-"

-

Figure 3-11 n+1 or n+0 Terminal with DXC 2x155 Mb/s

! !

" "

+ !

+ !

,,

-"

-

,,

-"

-

Figure 3-12 n+1 or n+0 Terminal with DXC 4x155 Mb/s


32/118


3.6 METRO STM-4/OC-12 Terminals

Terminals with STM-4/OC-12 interface can be used in point to point links with either STM-4/OC-12 at

both ends or with STM-1/OC-3 interface at one end. See Figure 3-13.It is also possible to split the STM-4/OC-12 signal into STM-1/OC-3 signals and transmit them indifferent directions. See Figure 3-14 and Figure 3-15.

' '

-++ !

+ +

'

-++ !

+

"

'

"

Figure 3-13 Point to point links, STM-4/OC-12

Figure 3-14 Two directions STM-4/OC-12 to STM-1/OC-3

!

!

!

!

Figure 3-15 Four directions STM-4/OC-12 to STM-1/OC-3


33/118


3.8 Ethernet features

3.8.1 Ethernet over SDH/SONET MappingEthernet traffic is in METRO mode transported over the radio link by mapping Ethernet traffic intoSDH/SONET containers. Standardised GFP-F mapping with Null Extension Header according to ITU-TG.7041/Y.1303 is applied. Payload Frame Check Sequence is not used (PFI=0). Mapping into VC-12,VT1.5, VC-3 and VC-4 containers are supported. The transmission capacity is scalable from oneVT1.5/VC-12 to four VC-4 (600 Mb/s).

3.8.2 VCAT and LCAS support

Evolution Series METRO supports virtual concatenation and LCAS according to (ITU-TG.7042/Y.1305). Four VC-groups are supported. The members of the VC-group must be of the sametype. The following groups are available:

VC-12 x n, where n=1..64 VT1.5 x n, where n=1..64

VC-3 x n, where n=1..12

VC-4 x n, where n=1..4

The LCAS protocol implemented covers the following functions:

Automatically temporary removal of a faulty VCAT member.

Automatically insertion of a temporary removed VCAT member when the fault is repaired.


34/118


3.8.3 Ethernet services

The Ethernet Unit provides two types of E-line services. Either a port to ODU/XCVR tunnelling mode

providing multiple E-Lines or a Switch mode with one WAN port and four LAN ports.

3.8.3.1 Multiple E-Line

With Port mapping each individual Ethernet port forms a separate channel through the link. Port mappingis achieved by using inserting a VLAN-tag on incoming traffic. This VLAN-tag is removed at the output-port.

Each LAN port will be mapped to a given WAN (Virtual Container Group VCG) Traffic may be untagged or customer tagged VLAN transparent Up to four WAN port/links can be used. WAN capacity per port is scalable as described in

chapter 3.8.2. Aggregated WAN capacity is maximum 600 Mb/s QoS is supported on the aggregated traffic on the WAN port.

Figure 3-16 Port to Link Mapping - Multiple E-Line


35/118


3.8.3.2 E-Line with VLAN/MAC switching

In switch mode the unit has one WAN port and four LAN ports. Each port can be defined to be member

of a VLAN or a VLAN range. LAN ports will only accept packets with specified VLAN and packets willbe forwarded to all port members of VLAN until MAC destination address is learned. The traffic can beuntagged or customer tagged, in case of untagged the GbE switch can add defined tag value.

WAN capacity is scalable from 2Mb/s (1.5Mb/s ANSI) to 600 Mb/s.

The switch can be set to add/strip a user defined VLAN tag on the traffic on LAN ports

QoS is supported on WAN port.

Figure 3-17 VLAN Switch mode


36/118


3.8.4 QoS features.

The QoS characteristics of the system will naturally be governed by the queuing and buffering strategies

of the subsystems. To allow for a wide array of applications for this product these strategies are madeuser selectable.

3.8.4.1 QoS priority scheme

Four traffic queues representing four priority levels are available. Traffic can be prioritised based onVLAN 802.1p, type of service or port.

1. VLAN (802.1p user priority)Priority level can be assigned based on VLAN user priority represented by 8 decimal values(0-7).

2. DSCP/TOS (IPv4/IPv6)Priority level can be assigned based on DSCP/TOS represented by 64 decimal values (0-63).

3. Port (Ethernet input ports)Priority level can be assigned to each port individually.

4. QoS priority OFF (Maximum throughput)All traffic has equal priority.

3.8.4.2 QoS scheduling mode

The queues can be set up with either fair or strict queuing

Fair queueing

Fair queuing tries to distribute forwarding c

Documents

NERA-Evolution Series Technical Description C