Nervous System Homework - Jackie Hamilton · Nervous System 19.6.13 8 Topic 3 Other important parts of the Central Nervous System Label this illustration of Cross Section of the Spinal

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Nervous System Homework

This homework is following the information in the Louise Tucker Book

The Nervous system is the C_________ and C__________ centre of the body.

There are ____ parts:

C_____________N____________S___________

P_________________N_____________S___________

The B______ is the main unit and is connected to the rest of the body by N_______

C_________ which function as M_________ carrying information to, and instructions

from, the B______________. They report back on P_________ S__________

D_______ so that the body can R___________ and remain in what is known as

H_______________: a stable P__________ state.

Label the Central Nervous System (CNS), and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)


Topic 1 Structure

Nervous Tissue is composed of:

N_______ C________, known as N_________

N______________, a connective tissue which supports the N__________

Nerve Cells are the basic units of the system on which everything else is built. Like all

cells they have a M________________, a N_________ and C_____________

Some are very L___________ (up to 1 M_________ (sciatic nerve).

Label this nerve cell:


The Main Parts of a Nerve Cells are:

Cell body: the C_____________ of the N______________ with a

N______________ C___________ and O___________ such as

M_____________

Dendrites: N_____________ F_______________ like branches which transmit

N_________ I_____________ to the cell body.

Axon: a long single N________ F __________- which T_________________

N______________ I_____________ away from the cell body

Myelin Sheath: made of a W________ F_________ substance. This sheath

covers the A__________ and I_____________ it, protects it from

P_____________ and helps S___________ up nerve conduction. (like the insulation

covering of an electrical wire – imagine no insulation on a wire!)

Nodes of Ranvier: G____ in the M__________ S___________, and they

S_________ up the N__________ I___________

End feet/axon terminals: they P___________ on the A___________ impulse

to the D___________ of the next neurone.

Synapse: The P______where one N______________ meets another. A

C___________ M_______________ fills the gap between one

N__________and the next enabling the I_____________to be transmitted

Label the diagram below showing how cells communicate:


Topic 2: Function

Collective Function:

Motor (or E_____________ nerves) carry I_________ from the

B__________ or S__________ C______________ to

M_____________ or G_________ which then act on the

information

Sensory (or A_____________ nerves) carry I____________ from

A__________ parts of the body to the B______________

Mixed: carry B______ M__________ and S_____________ nerves

fibres.

White Matter: on the I__________ of the brain and the O_________- of the

S_________C__________

Grey Matter: on the O__________ of the brain and I__________- of the

S_________C__________

These are two good illustrations to help get the sense of motor/sensory

Motor Nerves Sensory Nerves

going from brain going to the brain


Topic 3 – Divisions of the Nervous System

The P___________ N___________ S___________ acts as the lines of

communication between the _______ and the rest of the body and is

further subdivided into the Somatic and A___________ N_________

S__________

Central Nervous System:

The Brain has _____ different sections

The C_________

The C___________

The B_____________ S______________

The C______________

This is the largest part of the brain

Functions: Controlling V_________movement,

Interpreting and perceiving C_________ S_____________ like

P________ H_______ and C________

Controlling M__________ A___________ like M________


The Cerebellum

Functions: Co-ordinating M_________ activity

Maintaining B__________

Hypo________________ Functions: helps with the

R_____________ of B_________ T_____________

W_________- B_____________ and M____________

Centre for drives and E__________ such as T___________,

A_______, S_______, P________and P________

It also regulates the P_____________ gland and is main link between

the N_________ and E_________ systems. It secretes O_____

and A________ for storage in the P_________ P___________

The B _______S_______ has _____ parts:

The M________, P_____ __________ and M______ __________

Pons ________ Function: transmits M____________to and from the S_______ C______ and

C___________

Medulla __________

L___________part of the brain stem, above S________ C_______ and below

the P_____V_______

Functions: Controls the:

C____________ C_______________

R___________ C_______________

V___________ C_______________

R___________ C_______________


The spinal_______ is the other main part of the C__________ N________

S______

Structure: extends from the M__________ O___________ through the

S__________ V___________ ending at the first L__________

v_____________. _____ pairs of S__________ N___________

Function: the S___________ C___________ carries M__________ and

S_________- nerve fibres along its length sending M_________ to and

from the B___________ and the B_____________


Topic 3 Other important parts of the Central Nervous System

Label this illustration of Cross Section of the Spinal Cord

The Meninges: are M_________which protect the whole of the ___.

There are ____ different layers:

D____ M________ - O__________ M_________

A_____________ __________

P_______ M___________

Cerebrospinal F______

Functions:

Protects the B_________ and S_________ C_________

Keeps the P_________ around the B______ and S_________ C_______

constant

T__________ N______ and removes W_______


The Peripheral Nervous System:

The P_____________ N__________ S_________ concerns all the

N_________ S__________ outside the CNS

It contains

____ pairs of C___________ N_______

____ pairs of S___________ N_______

Cranial Nerves – divided into ____ pairs e.g.

5th T_____________

O_________

M_________

M_________

7th F_________

M_____ supply the muscles of F_______ E__________ and

S___________ nerves supply nerves of T__________

Spinal Nerves

These nerves begin in the S_______ C______ and

supply all parts of the body not covered by the

C_______ N__________.

All mixed nerves, S___________ N___________

are divided into 31 pairs:

C_________ ____ pairs

T_________ ____ pairs

L_________ ____ pairs

S_________ ` ____ pairs

C_________ ____ pair


The Somatic and Autonomic Nervous System

Somatic N_______ S_______ conducts impulses from the C_____ to the

S_________ M________.

Autonomic N_______ S_________ conducts impulses from the C________ to

C__________ and S____________ muscle

This is an I___________ system controlled by the H_________. Its nerves arise

from the M_________ O_________.

The A___________ ___________ __________ is further divided into

S________________ and P_________________ systems

Every O_________ has a S___________ and P______________ nerve supply

with opposite effects.

Sympathetic:

Functions: Prepares body for S__________ S_______ such

as E___________ or P____________ A__________

(F________ or F_________). N__________release

A__________ and N______________ and have the following

effects:

A______________ action of heart, increases R_________

V______________ of C___________ A______________ increasing

B_______ S__________ to the heart muscle

V______________ of vessel supply S___________ M__________

increasing O__________ and N__________ supply

Causes sustained C_____________of the S_______________ thus

increasing the volume of B___________ circulating.

V____________________ of vessels that supply the D__________

system and U______________ system, increasing B___________ available

for active muscles.

D___________ of B_______________ increasing volume of A______ that

can be inspired and E__________.


Parasympathetic

Functions:: Predominant system in N_____ S________ situations

and keeps N_________ B__________ F_____________ running

when the body is at rest:

S__________ action of the H__________-

V____________________ of coronary arteries.

V____________________ of vessels supply the digestive system and

U_________ system with C___________ of the B_______________ and

R_________ M_____________ increasing D___________, N__________

A___________, M_______________ and D_____________

C______ of the B______ decreasing the volume of A______ inspired and

E_______

Look up the meanings of:

Micturition,

Vasodilation

Vasoconstriction

Parachute gently descending – Para – gently gently does it


Label this illustration


Reflexes

A reflex is an A___________ movement produced by a S___________ stimulus

e.g. a F________ touching boiling hot water will I___________ move away

Several structures are involved in the production of a R_____ and together they

constitute the R___________ A___________

This response leaves the brain out of the equation – if you had to wait for the brain to tell

you something was boiling hot or on fire you would get burned before you removed your

finger

Complete this illustration of an example of a reflex action:


Topic 4 Diseases and Disorders (Pathologies)

Please familairise yourself with these and also study the blue box called

interrelationships

Summary

The Nervous system is in ______ parts, the C_________ and P______________

including A__________ N___________ S____________

Informs and warns the body of E______________ changes,

S________________, P__________ and D___________ and initiates

R___________ to S_____________

Yes it is amazing isn’t it?

You’ve certainly been exercising yours! Well done!!

Jackie

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Nervous System Homework - Jackie Hamilton · Nervous System 19.6.13 8 Topic 3 Other important parts of the Central Nervous System Label this illustration of Cross Section of the Spinal