Nervous System Medical Terminology - II

7/31/2019 Nervous System Medical Terminology - II

1/30


2/30

Disorder of Nervous Systemcont.

Causes:

I. Brain TraumaII. Vascular insults

III. Tumors

IV.Systemic degenerativediseases

V. Seizures


3/30

Cause: head injuries

Result:

I. skull fractures

II. hemorrhage or bleedingIII. Swelling

IV. direct injury to the brain itself

2 types of injuries:

I. Mild injury- bruises the brain tissue

II. Severe injury- destruction of the braintissue, leading to severe swelling to the

brain.


4/30


5/30

Definition:

violent shaking of the brain

Cause:

fall or blow to the head Result:

Temporary loss of consciousnessleading to short term amnesia.

Symptoms: Dizziness

Nausea

Headache

Amnesia: without memory (a- without; -mnesia- memory)


6/30

Definition: blood trappedin the subdural space

beneath the dura mater. Cause: Blow to front orback of the head.

sub- under and dural- dura layer ofmeninges; hemat/o-blood and oma- a

tumor of collection of


7/30

Definition: blood collectsbetween the dura mater andthe skull.

Cause: skull fracture or blowto the head

Result: pressure on the blood

vessels, causing interruption inblood flow to the brain.

epi- on top of and dural- dura layer of the meninges;

hemat/o-blood and -oma- a tumor or collection of


8/30

definition: injury, attack,or trauma to the bloodvessels.

Types:

I.Cerebrovascular accident(CVA)

II.Transient ischemicattack (TIA)

III.Aneurysm


9/30

Cause: blockage or rupture of a bloodvessel leading to oxygen deprivation.

Symptoms:I. Hemiparesis/hemiplegia:

Paralysis of one side of the body.

II. Aphasia:

Loss of ability to understand or expressspeech

Hemiparesis(hemi-: half, -paresis: partial paralysis)Hemiplegia(hemi-: half, -plegia: paralysisAphasia(a- without, phasia- speech)


10/30

Definition: temporaryinterruption in the bloodsupply to the brain.

Symptoms: dizziness andweakness


11/30

Definition: localizeddilation of an artery

Cause : weakness invessel wall or heartchamber.


12/30

Definition: lesions or neoplasms.

Result: localized dysfunctioncausing an increase inintracranial pressure (ICP)

2 types of tumors:

I. Benign

II. Malignant

Tumors have the ability tometastasize from other parts ofthe body to the brain.

Astrocytomas- astr/o- : star-shaped, cyt/o-: cell, -


13/30

Develop slowly over time

Start from individualcomponents and later endup affecting one or morebody systems.

Types of diseases:

I.Multiple Sclerosis

II.Parkinsons Disease

III.Alzheimers disease


14/30

Definition: progressivedegenerative disease

Cause: demylinationDefinition: patchy loss of myelin sheath

Symptoms: leg weakness,double vision, numbers,

tingling, and paralysis

(De- loss of, myelin- myelin sheath, -tion- state

of)


15/30

Definition: rigidity and lack of associatedmuscle movements.

Occurrence: usually after age 60

Cause:I. loss of neurotransmitter dopamine

causing inhibition in transmission of nerveimpulses.

Result:

I. Dysphagia- ( dys- : difficult; phag/o :swallowing; -ia condition of)II. Difficulty in masticationIII.WeaknessIV.TremorsV. Facial mask( no expression)

VI.Muscle rigidity


16/30

Definition: degenerativedisease that causes a

progressive loss ofintellectual function.

Cause:

I. Atrophy of cerebral cortex

eventually becomes a fatalcondition

De- a art from; ment- mind; -ia- condition of


17/30


18/30

Two types:

I. Grand Mal Seizures:

i. Severe

ii. Characterized by tonic-clonic convulsions

II. Petit mal seizures:

i. Milder form

ii. Last only a few seconds

iii. Do not include convulsive movements.

Eplilepsy:Definition: Chronic disorder in which there is recurrence of

seizures.

Cause: excessive discharge of neurons in the brain

Result: some alteration in consciousness

Tonic-clonic convulsions- alternating contraction and relaxation of musclesthat produce jerking movements of the face, trunk or extremities)


19/30


20/30


21/30

I. Depression:

i. prolonged periods of lost interest orpleasure in almost all activities

II. Bipolar disorder (manic-disorder):

i. Manic and depressive episodes

ii. Manic episode is an atypically elated mood

iii. Inflated sef-esteem,iv. Rapid

v. Speech,

vi. Increased creativity

vii. Little need for sleep

viii. Inability to function normally as a result.

Patients exhibit both mania and depression


22/30

Psychotic Disorders

More serious than anxiety or mooddisorders.

Definition: loss of contact with reality anddeterioration of normal social functioning.

Two types:

1. Psychosis:

Severe version

Lose touch with reality

Schizophrenia:

i. Manifests itself as paranoia

ii. withdrawal

iii. psychotic symptoms, like delusions orhallucinations.

2. Neurosis:

i. Milder mental illness

ii. Symptoms of stress but there is no loss oftouch with reality.

neur/o: nerve, -osis ; psych/o: mind, -osis; schiz/o: to split,phren : mind, -ia : condition of


23/30


24/30

ADHD Attention deficithyperactivity disorder

CNS Central nervous systemCVA Cerebrovascular accidentECT Electroconvulsive therapyEEG ElectroencephalographyICP Intracranial pressureIQ Intelligence quotientLOC Level of consciousnessLP Lumbar punctureMS Multiple sclerosis


25/30

OBS Organic brain syndrome

OCD Obsessive-compulsivedisorder

PERRLA Pupils equal, round andreactive to light and

accommodationPNS Peripheral nervous system

PTSD Posttraumatic stressdisorder

SAD Seasonal affective disorder

TENS Transcutaneous electricalnerve stimulation

TIA Transient ischemic attack


26/30


27/30

I. NEUROSURGEONS AND NEUROLOGISTS

Work with patients who experience disordersof neuromuscular system.

II. PSYCHIATRISTS

Work with patients with behavioral and

mental health disorders

III. PSYCHOLOGIST

Medical professional with an advanced

academic degree who treats mental and

behavioral disorders


28/30


29/30


30/30

Lobotomy Incision into a lobe

Lumbar puncture (LP) Insertion of a needle into the

subarachnoid space between thethird and fourth or fourth and

fifth lumbar vertebrae to

withdraw fluid for diagnosis

Magnetic resonance imaging

(MRI)

Uses radio waves and a very

strong magnetic field to produce

images of the soft tissue

It is used to visualize disease-

related changes in the brain or the

spinal cord when many x-ray

procedures wouldnt be able to

detect them.

Myelography Radiography of the spinal cord

and nerve roots.

Neuroplasty Surgery to repair a nerve

Documents

Nervous System Medical Terminology - II