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8/9/2019 Network Chapter3 - Protocol
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Lesson 3 :Protocols
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Objectives
At the end of this session, you will be able to: Define a protocol. List the functions of a protocol. Define protocol stack Appreciate the benefits of binding protocol. List the protocol stack commonly used in
computer networks. List the protocols commonly used in computer
networks. Differentiate between connection oriented
communication and connectionlesscommunication.
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Protocols Is a set of rules of information exchangeCarries out the following tasks in a sending
computer: Divides data into packets Adds addressing and control information to the
packet Prepares the data or actual transmission through
network adapter cardCarries out the following tasks in a receiving
computer: Retrieves the packets from the network cable
through the network adapter card
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Protocols (contd)
Stores packets in buffer for reassembling Recreates original data by reassembling the
packets in proper sequence Passes the data to the application
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The OSI model showing the layersof protocols
Application Layer
Presentation Layer
Session Layer
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer
Initiates a request or accepts a request
Adds formatting, display, and encryptioninformation to the packet
Adds traffic flow information to determine
when the packet gets sent
Adds error-handling information
Sequencing and address informationis added to the packet
Adds error-checking information andprepares data for going on tothe physical connection
Packet sent as a bit stream
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Routable Protocols :
That supports multi-path LAN to LANcommunication is called a routable protocol
Three types of protocol:--Application protocol
which for application-to-application interactionand data exchange
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Communication tasks within theOSI model
Application Layer
Presentation Layer
Session Layer
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer
Application-level networkservice users
Transport services
Network services
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Protocol (contd.)
Transport protocol which establishes communication sessions
between computers
Network protocol which handles: Routing Addressing information Error checking Retransmission requests
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Standard Protocol Stacks/Suite
Commonly used in networks are: The ISO/OSI protocol suite IBM Systems Network Architecture (SNA) Digital DECnet Novell NetWare Apple AppleTalk The Internet protocol suite TCP/IP
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Binding
Allows the protocols to bind more than oneprotocol to the same network adapter card
Order describes the way in which variousprotocols are bound to the network adapter card Order determines the order in which the
operating system runs the protocol
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Types of Protocols
Protocols are classified into:TCP/IP
Stands for Transmission ControlProtocol/Internet Protocol
Is used in a computer network Supports routing Can access the Internet and its resources Has other protocols written specifically for it such
as SMTP that is used to send E-mails
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Commonly Used Protocol (contd.)
FTP that is used to transfer files amongstcomputers
SNMP that is used for network management
NetBEUI: Is an efficient transport layer protocol Is compatible with all Microsoft based networks Offers high speed on small networks Offers good error protection Is not routable
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Commonly Used Protocol (contd.)
NW Link IPX/SPX: Is Internetwork Packet Exchange/Sequenced
Packet Exchange Protocol
Is used by Novel networks for informationexchange NW Link is Microsofts implementation of IPX/SPX
protocol stack used in Novel Networks
APPC: Stands for Advanced Program to Program
Communication Is IBMs transport protocol developed as part of
its System Network Architecture(SNA)
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Commonly Used Protocol (contd.)AppleTalk:
Is a protocol stack
Enables Apple Macintosh computers toshare files and printers in a networkedenvironment
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Communication
Between two computers can be: Connectionless communication Connection-oriented communication
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Connectionless Communication
The sending computer transmits the data via freepaths
Is faster than connection oriented communication
Connection Oriented Communication Establishes a connection between the sending
and receiving computers to transmit data Ensures reliable transmission of data