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Paola Neri, MD, PhD Associate Professor of Medicine University of Calgary, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute Bases for Immunotherapy in Multiple Myeloma

New Bases for Immunotherapy in Multiple Myelomacme-utilities.com/mailshotcme/Material for Websites/COMy... · 2018. 5. 30. · Components of Myeloma Milieu There is an intimate relationship

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Page 1: New Bases for Immunotherapy in Multiple Myelomacme-utilities.com/mailshotcme/Material for Websites/COMy... · 2018. 5. 30. · Components of Myeloma Milieu There is an intimate relationship

Paola Neri, MD, PhD Associate Professor of Medicine

University of Calgary, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute

Bases for Immunotherapy in Multiple Myeloma

Page 2: New Bases for Immunotherapy in Multiple Myelomacme-utilities.com/mailshotcme/Material for Websites/COMy... · 2018. 5. 30. · Components of Myeloma Milieu There is an intimate relationship

Paola Neri MD, PhD

• Grants/research support: MMRF, CIHR, LLS• Speakers bureau/honoraria: Bristol‐Myers Squibb, Celgene, Janssen, Takeda• Consulting fees: Celgene, Janssen, Takeda

Disclosures 

Page 3: New Bases for Immunotherapy in Multiple Myelomacme-utilities.com/mailshotcme/Material for Websites/COMy... · 2018. 5. 30. · Components of Myeloma Milieu There is an intimate relationship

• The Myeloma Niche Components of Myeloma microenvironment

• Immune Dysregulation in Myeloma Mechanisms of tumor escape 

• Immunotherapeutic strategies:  Agents that reverse tumor‐mediated immune paralysis Agents that selectively target the malignant clone  Agents that activate immune cells to target the tumor

Outline 

Page 4: New Bases for Immunotherapy in Multiple Myelomacme-utilities.com/mailshotcme/Material for Websites/COMy... · 2018. 5. 30. · Components of Myeloma Milieu There is an intimate relationship

Components of Myeloma Milieu

There is an intimate relationship between PC and BM milieu where PC are hosted in special niches and receive multiple signalsthat maintain their survival and promote drug resistance. The main components of MM niche are extracellular matrix (ECM),soluble components and hematopoietic and non‐hematopoietic cells. Shaji K Kumar et al, Nature Reviews 2017

Page 5: New Bases for Immunotherapy in Multiple Myelomacme-utilities.com/mailshotcme/Material for Websites/COMy... · 2018. 5. 30. · Components of Myeloma Milieu There is an intimate relationship

Autocrine and paracrine loops and cell‐cell adhesion mechanisms regulate PC production of cytokines and induce signaling pathways responsible for PC survival, growth, migration and drug‐resistance.

The Myeloma Niche

Teru Hideshima et al, Nature Reviews 2007

Page 6: New Bases for Immunotherapy in Multiple Myelomacme-utilities.com/mailshotcme/Material for Websites/COMy... · 2018. 5. 30. · Components of Myeloma Milieu There is an intimate relationship

MM evolution is known to be associated with progressive immune dysregulation and loss of immune surveillance thatfosters disease progression, drug resistance and facilitate immune escape.

Mechanisms of Tumor Escape in Myeloma

The levels of B cells, NK cells and CD4+ T cells are reduced and impaired.The main dysregulated immunological elements include DC, Treg, TH17, MDSCs, Macrophages and Plasmacytoid DCs (pDC). 

Malignant Plasma cells

Bone Marrow Stromal Cells

CD28

Dendritic cells

CD80/CD86

IDO

IL‐6

T cells Treg cells OCs

Naïve CD4+ T cells

Th1

Th2

Th17

IL‐2IFN‐

IL‐10IL‐4

TGF‐IL‐6

IL‐17

CTLs

RANKL

Brown RD et al, Blood 2001Brimness MK et al, Clin Exp Immunol 2006Leone P et al, Blood 2015Nair JR et al, Oncoimmunology 2012Ogawara H et al, Leuk Res 2005Korn T et al, PNAS 2008Prabhala R et al, Blood 2010Noonan K et al, Blood 2010

Page 7: New Bases for Immunotherapy in Multiple Myelomacme-utilities.com/mailshotcme/Material for Websites/COMy... · 2018. 5. 30. · Components of Myeloma Milieu There is an intimate relationship

Mechanisms of Tumor Escape in Myeloma

Malignant Plasma cells

Bone Marrow Stromal Cells

Treg cells

MDSCs

Arg‐1

NOS

ROS

T cellsMyeloid cells

CXCR4CXCL12

Macrophages

IL‐10IL‐1TNF‐

T cells

VEGFIL‐8FGF‐2CSF‐1

Tumor growth

Invasion

IL‐6IL‐10

M2

Plasmacytoid DCs

IL‐10, VEGFIL‐8, IL‐15 IL‐6, SDF1‐a

Tumor growth, chemotaxis and drug resistance

Nakamura K et al, Cancer Cell 2018Gabrilovich DI et al, Nat Rev Immunol 2009Gorgun GT et al, Blood 2013Rodriguez PC et al, Cancer Res 2004Malek E et al, Blood Rev 2016Biswas SK, Nat Immunol 2010Shay G et al, J Mol Med 2016Lande R et al, Ann NY Acad Sci 2010Chauhan D et al, Cancer Cell 2009

T cells

IL‐18

M2

Page 8: New Bases for Immunotherapy in Multiple Myelomacme-utilities.com/mailshotcme/Material for Websites/COMy... · 2018. 5. 30. · Components of Myeloma Milieu There is an intimate relationship

Mechanisms of Tumor Escape in MyelomaMalignant Plasma cells

• Reduced expression of tumor antigens (WT1, Muc1)

• Reduced expression of HLA costimulatory molecules (CD40, CD80)

• Lower expression of HLA‐DR• Shed MHC class I chain‐related protein A (MICA)

Inadequate T‐cell stimulation and Impaired cytotoxicity 

• Upregulation of surface inhibitory ligands (PD‐L1, LAG3, TACI)

Mediate T‐cell anergy/exhaustion

• Recruitment of immunosuppressivecells (T‐regs, MDSCs, pDCs)

Induce Tumor escape

Brown RD et al, Leuk Lymphoma 1998Jinushi M et al, PNAS 2008Paiva B et al, Leukemia 2015Iwai Y et al, PNAS 2002

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Rationale for Immunotherapy in Myeloma

• Durable complete remissions reported for allogeneic stem cell transplantation• Immunologic therapy, “graft‐versus‐myeloma effect”

• Donor lymphocyte infusion rescues patients who relapse after allo‐transplant• T cell‐mediated anti‐tumor immunity

• Interferon  was the first drug used to stimulate the immune system• Its efficacy was only modest

Tricot  G et al, Blood 1996Bellucci R et al, Blood 2004Myeloma Trialists Collaborative groups, Br J Haematol 2001

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Immunotherapeutic strategies in development in MM

Monoclonal Antibodies

Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cells/ Bites

Immunomodulatory drugs

2) Agents that selectively target the malignant clone

3) Agents that activate immune cells to target the tumor

1) Agents that reverse tumor mediated immune paralysis

Immune CheckpointInhibitors

Passive ImmunityTargeting a receptor

Active Therapy Delivering Cells

Adjuvant TherapyImmune Booster

Truly ’Targeted’ Therapy

‘ConnectingFlights’

Risk ‘Off Target’ effects

Dendritic cell or peptide Vaccine

Neri P et al, Clinical Cancer Res 2016 

Page 11: New Bases for Immunotherapy in Multiple Myelomacme-utilities.com/mailshotcme/Material for Websites/COMy... · 2018. 5. 30. · Components of Myeloma Milieu There is an intimate relationship

IMIDs hyper/neomorphe the CUL4a‐CRBN E3 ligase to promote the proteasomal degradation of Ikaros and Aiolos releasing IKZF1transcriptional regression of IL‐2 and type I/II interferon response genes

1. Kronke J et al. Science 21032. Lu G et al. Science 20133. Neri P et al Blood 2015

IKZF1 IKZF3

CUL4A

DDB1 ROC

E2 Ub

Ub Ub Ub Ub

CRBN

IKZF1 and IKZF3 proteasomal degradation