SPONSORS

V i s i t w w w. t e r i i n . o r g / d s d s

MEDIA PARTNERS

P u b l i c R e l a t i o n s

Wednesday, 24 Januar y 2007

New Delhi, India

COMMUNICATIONSPARTNER

ORGANIZER

Keynote addressThe global energy challenge: technologyscenarios for a sustainable future

D S D S 2 0 0 7D S D S 2 0 0 7D S D S 2 0 0 7D S D S 2 0 0 7D S D S 2 0 0 7D S D S 2 0 0 7D S D S 2 0 0 7D S D S 2 0 0 7D S D S 2 0 0 7D S D S 2 0 0 7

ChairpersonMr V Subramanian, Secretary, Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India, New Delhi

SpeakerMr Claude Mandil, Executive Director, International Energy Agency, France

Day 2 of DSDS 2007 beganwith a keynote address byMr Claude Mandil, Execu-

tive Director, IEA (InternationalEnergy Agency), France. Titled Theglobal energy challenge: technology sce-narios for a sustainable future, hisspeech began with the persuasivecontention that the three Es – energysecurity, environment protection, andeconomic growth – are inviolable

pillars of sustainability. The growthpattern, however, would lead to sig-nificant increase in emissions andresult in high import dependencies forall major consumers. These twofactors, coupled with the ever-grow-ing threat of climate change, wouldhurt long-term economic growth.

Mr Mandil’s speech then focusedon comparing and contrasting futureemission scenarios. To understand the

potential emission reductions newtechnology options can help achieve,the IEA has created scenarios till2050, which is the realistic point atwhich newer technologies can makea significant difference to emissiontrends. Mr Mandil shared thesescenarios and pointed out that opti-mal deployment of clean technologiesalready available would help reverseglobal emission trends by 2050, butpersisting with conventional technolo-gies would exacerbate emissions tounmanageable levels.

The IEA reference scenar ioshighlight the fact that the world ison a completely unsustainable path,with a projected 85% of energy com-ing from fossil fuels in 2050. Thiswould mean a steep increase in glo-bal emissions. But, if the world dedi-cates more resources, research, andcommitment to new technologies toincrease energy efficiency; intro-duces cost-effective renewables; andapplies carbon capture and seques-tration technology, emission levels in2050 would be the same as they werein 2003. The choice before the worldcould not have been clearer—switchto newer, cleaner technologies nowto ease the pressure on the planet’sclimate, or continue with a business-as-usual mindset and be preparedfor runaway global warming in lessthan 50 years.

‘‘

’’

As they

What is non-conventionaltoday would be conventionaltomorrow. In India, we have a

particular luxury/liability inthat we have as many as

seven ministries dealing withenergy—far too many!

Mr V SubramanianSecretary,

Ministry of New and Renewable Energy,Government of India

�

A more sustainable energyfuture is possible with knowntechnology; the costs are also

not out of reach.Mr Claude MandilExecutive Director

International Energy Agency, France

said it...

Mr V SubramanianMr Claude Mandil

Developed and produced by TERI Press

Policy formulation with regard toclimate change must follow the prin-ciples of equity and sustainabledevelopment, said Dr R K Pachauri,Director-General, TERI. Effortsshould be directed towards enhanc-ing social and natural capital. Inaddition, there is a need to managenatural resources carefully. Forinstance, in the case of climatechange, the atmosphere is to bemanaged efficiently.

The Kyoto Protocol was identi-fied as a mechanism that couldfacil itate technolog ical break-throughs to reduce greenhouse gas

emissions. Although the Protocol isnot a perfect agreement, it is a majorstep forward. Clean developmentmechanism projects do hold hope. TheProtocol has resulted in the initiationof a carbon market that shall expandin future. Several countries are wor-ried about the costs of meeting theProtocol targets. However, IPCCanalysis shows that the benefits out-weigh the costs.

The impacts of global warming willbe felt most by the developing coun-tries. Therefore, there is a need to cope

with the situation using traditionaland modern knowledge. On the issueof technology transfer, the UNFCCCclearly specifies that the incrementalcost will be supplied by developingcountries. While covering of incre-mental cost is essential, the overall lifecycle cost should also be looked at.

The time has come for the globalcommunity to come up with win-winopportunities. The solution lies inintegrating climate change into de-velopment thinking.

Keynoteaddress

ChairpersonMr Nitin Desai, former Secretary Generalof the United Nations

SpeakerDr R K Pachauri, Director-General, TERI

Session 3

ChairpersonDr Adnan A Shihab-Eldin

Speakers• Mr Jean-Paul Bouttes• Mr Pieter van Geel• Dr Bindu N Lohani• Mr Nick Mabey• Mr Vikram Singh Mehta• Dr Lutz Mez• Ms Cornelia Richter• Dr Leena Srivastava• Mr Patrick Verhagen

Energy for sustain-able development

It is now beyond doubt that theenergy choices we make have a directbear ing on our effor ts to attainsustainable development. The sessionsaw focused discussions around mak-ing the right energy choices, and in amanner that leads to a decisive shiftof development paradigms towardsjust and sustainable models. Speakersin the session agreed that the year2006 has been a minor watershed inthe context of energy use, with gov-ernments, business, scientists, andsociety making measurable efforts toreduce the use of fossil fuels, increaseawareness of the environmental com-

plications arising from fossil fuel emis-sions, and promote new and renew-able energy systems. However, themagnitude of the challenge facing thesustainable development movementcan be gauged by the fact that suchinitiatives have barely scratched thesurface of the problem. The factremains that global energy demand isgoing to continue to increase, and fos-sil fuels will be the only widely avail-

able option to meet the increaseddemand. The challenge before theworld community is to increase thebasket of options available to a worldhungry for more energy, and fill thatbasket with clean technologies andrenewable sources of energy.

To achieve this, speakers suggestedseveral strategies, central to which wasthe need to foster greater cohesion andcollaboration between stake-

Perspectives onclimate change

holders. PPPs (public–privatepartnerships) have a key role toplay in this context. The traditionaltemplate for PPP – an institutionalarrangement between the privatesector and governments – needs tobe redefined and expanded to in-clude the civil society and localbodies. Governments, it was sug-gested, should make more con-certed efforts to create an enablingenvironment for the blossoming ofPPPs and the integration of energy,environment, and society. A clearregulatory framework, an incentiveregime, and policy support weresome of the mechanisms govern-ments could consider.

Speakers also spoke about theneed for greater international consen-sus on energy issues, especially theurgent issue of reducing the environ-mental impacts of fossil fuel consump-tion. They noted that while develop-ing nations must approach the energy–environment question within theirbroader development goals, it is im-portant for developed countries totake a lead in this regard.

Dr R K Pachauri

‘‘As they

Rather than talking abouteconomic costs and benefits,we ought to be talking about

the costs of action andinaction, which are borne by

different people.Mr Nitin Desai, former Under Secretary

General of the United Nations

�

said it...

’’The global community has

failed to tackle problems likepoverty, climate change, and

declining biodiversity.Mr Pieter van Geel, Cabinet level

State Secretary, Ministry of Housing,Spatial Planning and the Environment,

The NetherlandsDr Adnan AShihab-Eldin

Mr Jean-PaulBouttes

Mr Pieter van Geel

Dr Bindu N Lohani

Mr Vikram SinghMehta

Mr Nick Mabey

Dr Lutz Mez

Ms Cornelia Richter

Mr Patrick Verhagen

Dr LeenaSrivastava

BO

OK

S R

EL

EA

SE

D

Dr Montek Singh Ahluwalia, Hon’ble Deputy Chairman,Planning Commission, Government of India, releasing thebook titled GREEN India 2047: Looking back to changetrack, published by TERI Press, on the occasion of thelaunch of India Council for Sustainable Development

HE Mr Mamadou Lamine Loum, former Prime Minister ofSenegal releasing the book titled Towards Cleaner Technolo-gies: a process story on biomass gasifiers for heat applica-tions in small and micro enterprises, published by TERI Press

A book titledComanagement ofNatural Resources: locallearning for povertyreduction, published byIDRC, was also released.For details, visit<www.idrc.ca/in_focus_comanagement>

Keynote addressesChairperson

Mr Pekka Plathan, Director General, Finnish Meteorological Institute, FinlandSpeakers• Nobel Laureate Prof. Paul Crutzen, Director Emeritus, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Germany• HE Mr Alain Juppe, former Prime Minister of France and Mayor of Bordeaux, France

Atmospheric chemistryfor climate in theanthropoceneThe focus of the address byProf. Paul Crutzen, Director Emeri-tus, Max Planck Institute for Chem-istry, Germany, was on the scientificaspects of climate change and its his-tory, the challenges we face today,and the possible solutions. The is-sue of climate change needs to bebroadened from the main theme ofcarbon dioxide emissions, to con-sider other ozone-depleting gasessuch as methane, water vapour, andnitrous oxides. Heightened humanactivity has changed atmosphericchemistry and, as a result, globaltemperature is rising. We need to askourselves the question: ‘what can wedo?’

There is an urgent need to stabi-lize the carbon dioxide in the atmos-phere by reducing emissions by60%. Although methane emissionshave stabilized in the past five years,nitrous oxide emission is still a mat-ter of concern. Chlorofluorocarbonreduction has been achieved, butdue to its long lifetime, it will con-tinue to linger in the atmosphere for

at least 70 years. Solutions are avail-able in the form of striving for energyefficiency; carbon capture and storage;using nuclear power and renewableenergy; and so on. One option onoffer is an experiment that involvesreleasing sulphur into the stratosphere(as in volcanic eruptions). Advancedmodels that enabled the creation ofthe exact atmospheric environmentunder controlled conditions wereestablished. Thereafter, the model wasused to investigate the effects underthree different scenarios. In the firstscenario, carbon dioxide concentra-tion is doubled; in the second, sulphur

is ejected; and in the third, boththese situations occur simultane-ously. The outcome showed thatwhen both situations occurred, theclimate nearly imitates actual con-ditions. Prof. Crutzen emphasizedits importance in the present day.

Environmental threatsand internationalgovernance onenvironmental mattersHE Mr Alain Juppe, former PrimeMinister of France and Mayor ofBordeaux, reiterated that the exist-ing international framework is inad-equate to meet the challenges of glo-bal environment. He emphasizedthat climate change was undermin-ing development. It is likely to causemassive migration of populationstermed as ‘climate change refugees’.An increasing number of extrememeteorological phenomena wouldalso need attention. Food and watercrises must be considered as securityproblems. The cost of inaction wouldbe huge and thus collective and im-mediate action is necessary.

The planet warming to an aver-age of 2 °C is not alarming. How-ever, this minimum thresholddemands a reduction in GHGs(greenhouse gases). France is awareof this and hence, the French energypolicy has set a target of reducingemissions by 75% by 2050. Hewished that this target would

Session 4

ChairpersonMr Denis McDonough

Speakers• Mr Yves Cabana• Mr Warren Evans• Prof. Michael von Hauff• Prof. Peter Hennicke• Dr Ganesh M Kishore• Prof. Charles Kolstad• Prof. Akimasa Sumi

Sustainable use of natural resourcesmechanisms for payments for ecosys-tem services. Households who livenear natural resources tend to bettermanage them, and meeting short-term needs of communities who de-pend on natural resources is thus, asimportant as long-term sustainabilitygoals.

Private sector initiatives to sup-ply water, waste, and energy man-agement services were stressed byspeakers. Sustainable development,it was stated, can and should be-come an integral part of businessfunctioning. In the same vein, thecritical role of biotechnology was dis-cussed, and its potential to make enor-mous contributions in meeting food,energy, and clean water needs wasnoted. Biotechnology can also helppoor nations that cannot normallyaccess expensive technology throughagricultural innovations to satisfy theirbasic food and nutrition needs.

Panellists then commented on the rela-tively less discussed issue of governance.

Governments need to createmore choices so that better de-cisions can be taken at the indi-vidual level. Speakers also madethe key point that local govern-ance institutions are normallymore willing to pay for local de-velopment than national institu-tions, and the former could alsoact as engines of local innova-tion to resolve conflicts betweenlocal-level livelihood needs andcountervailing macro-forces.

Discussion in the session focused onvarious aspects of sustainability asthey relate to natural resources—fromacademic, policy, donor, and industryviewpoints. Defining the 21st centuryas an era of ‘knowledge expansion’,the discussions emphasized the needto use the tools of science to build anissue-based approach tosustainability—one that can reliablypredict the future and create a net-work of data and knowledge.

Multilateral perspectives on naturalresources were also put forward in thesession. These include valuation of eco-system services, and development of

become common for all industrial-ized countries, including the US.

Mr Juppe also called for better in-tegration of policies in the poorer coun-tries based on radical, rapid, and ef-fective action to curb GHGs. He em-phasized on the mainstreaming of en-vironmental concerns and the insuffi-cient support to developing countries.

He concluded by saying that it wastime to face responsibility and give theUN tools, means, and authority itneeds by upgrading the UNEP into aspecial agency for environment. Heproposed setting up of UNEO (UnitedNations Environment Organization)with a strong coordination mandate.An umbrella organization, the UNEO,would ensure policy and decision-mak-ing based on sound and reliable knowl-edge, headed by an executive directorwho would be the global face and voiceof the environment.

Energy and climate:a global perspective

SP

EC

IAL

E

VE

NT

Held over two modules, the event was anoccasion to discuss and share global as wellas regional perspectives on the synergiesbetween energy security and climate changemitigation. In the morning session, panel-lists focused on the global perspective, anddiscussions ranged the full spectrum ofissues—from technology interventions tomarket opportunities. Speakers contended

that while, in the long term, techno-logical breakthroughs could play asignificant role in climate changemitigation, the short-term focuswould have to be on energy efficiencyimprovements.

The second module of the eventfocused on Asian perspectives on theissue. Initiatives being undertaken byindustry and government to addressthe issue of climate change were dis-cussed. The Asia–Pacific Partnershipon clean development and climatecame in for praise as a step in theright direction to accelerate thedevelopment and deployment ofclean energy technologies in theregion.

Mr Warren Evans

Nobel Laureate Prof. Paul crutzen

HE Mr Alain Juppe

Session 5

ChairpersonMr Raj Chengappa

Setting the themeMs Monique Barbut

Speakers• HE Ms Rejoice Mabudafhasi• Dr Alok Adholeya• Mr Francois Binder• Ms JoAnne Disano• Dr Arun Kumar• Ms Pearl Tiwari

Sustainable devel-opment technolo-gies for the poor

Environment and poverty were tradi-tionally treated as two disconnectedissues having few overlaps within thedevelopment paradigm. But increas-ingly, through focused developmentalinitiatives in the recent past, the gapbetween the two issues has reduced.In this session, the discussion shiftedtowards one of the key outcomes ofthe reducing disconnect between theenvironment and the poverty conun-drums. This is the search for technolo-

gies for the poor that are not onlyaffordable but also sustainable. It wasstated that such technology shouldessentially fulfil 3 As: affordability,accessibility, and appropriateness.In this context, speakers recom-mended framing technology-specificdevelopmental programmes focussingon the vulnerability of the poor, andwhich draw upon traditional, indig-enous knowledge for inspiration.

To address the affordability aspectof sustainable technologies, panellistssuggested the creation of markets that

involve the poor as actors or produc-ers in the value chain. Speakers alsocalled on governments to address theissue of absence of micro-enterprisesfor economic development for thepoor in developing countries. Othersubjects that were discussed in thesession included international fundingfor research and development in glo-bal public goods, collaborative North–South research and South–South co-operation, and the need forstakeholders to work towards bring-ing about a change in mindsets.

Mr RichardSandor’s addressfocused on devis-ing market-basedsolutions to envi-ronmental prob-lems such as risingGHG (green-house gas) emis-sions. Giving theexample of theCCX (ChicagoClimate Ex-change) – a volun-tary emissionsmanagement andtrading system –Mr Sandor explained how environ-ment markets can be a force-multi-plier in the fight to reduce GHG.The CCX market architecture aimsto cut emissions by 6% from thebaseline levels by 2010. The pricediscovery mechanism is driven byseasonality, temperature, commer-cial and industrial growth, and GDP

growth, and issensitive to politi-cal impacts.

Mr Sandorwent on to suggestthat India couldnow replicate thesame process fol-lowed by theCCX, consideringthat the country’s9% GDP growthis generating a lotof wealth. Someinitiatives thatneed to be lookedat to build an

environmental market highlighted byMr Sandor include regulation orprivate sector laws that create theenforcement of proper ty r ights,building underlying institutions toperform functions ranging fromclearance, tax allowances, knowledgeacquisition, and monitoring and veri-fication.

Keynote address

ChairpersonMr C Dasgupta, Distinguished Fellow, TERI, New Delhi

SpeakerMr Richard Sandor, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, The Chicago Climate Exchange, USA

Evolution of environmental markets: apractitioner’s view of the past, present,and path forward

SP

EC

IAL

E

VE

NT

S Youth conferenceWater management: waste waterrecyclingTo seek innovative solu-tions for effective manage-ment of waste water,TERI, under the aegis ofthe Department of Sci-ence and Technology,Ministry of Science andTechnology, Governmentof India, organized a one-day youth conference as aspecial event of DSDS 2007. UNESCO and Delhi Jal Boardpartnered TERI to organize the event. With the theme Water man-agement: waste water recycling, the youth conference was structuredaround plenary sessions, expert sessions, and a poster session todiscuss and debate the role of the youth in enabling effective watermanagement. Topics included in the sessions were waste water policy,waste water treatment, health impacts of waste water, and communica-tion interventions to inform and educate society. The conference pro-vided a unique platform for students, who participated and shared theirviews on issues related not just to waste water management but also tosustainable development as a whole. It also provided an excellent op-portunity for youngsters to engage with development practitioners andbroaden their perspective on sustainable development.

‘‘As they

South–South cooperationshould be nurtured for

solving problems specific topoor countries

Ms JoAnne Disano, Director, Division forSustainable Development, Department of

Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations,USA

said it...

’’

Sustainable buildings:developments and challengesThe session had DrBinu Parthan, DeputyDirector, REEEP (Re-newable Energy andEnergy Efficiency Part-nership), Austria, givingan insight into the ac-tivities of REEEP.Mr Henry Derwent,Chairman of REEEPdelivered the inaugural address.

Participants deliberated over the implementation of Energy Con-servation Building Codes and stressed on the need for integration ofvarious frameworks. The discussion also dwelled at length on dis-ruptive technologies associated with existing buildings, which com-prise 97% of total buildings in India. The session also touched uponthe sustainable building initiatives taken up by TERI, including TERI-GRIHA (green rating for buildings), which could be a model forECBC 2006. It was also emphasized that training, awareness gen-eration, and human resource development to carry out energy con-servation activities were most imperative for a sustainable future.

HE Ms Tarja Halonen, President of Finland, presenting a memento to Dr R K Pachauri, Director-General,TERI, on the occasion of TERI celebrating 25 years of excellence in research and innovation

Consider poor as customersnot beneficiaries

Mr Francois Binder, Country Director, SwissAgency for Development and Cooperation,

India

Mr Francois BinderMr Raj Chengappa

Mr Richard Sandor