NEW G2-BR HIGH PERFORMANCE SEISMIC ISOLATION SYSTEM …

Danilo Ristić Vlado Micov Milutin Vucinić Marija Jovanović

Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology (IZIIS), University "St. Cyril and Methodius" – Skopje

Republic of Macedonia

NEW G2NEW G2--BR HIGH PERFORMANCE SEISMICBR HIGH PERFORMANCE SEISMICISOLATION SYSTEM FOR BRIDGES BASED ON OPTIMIZEDISOLATION SYSTEM FOR BRIDGES BASED ON OPTIMIZED

SEISMIC ENERGY BALANCESEISMIC ENERGY BALANCE

INTRODUCTION

Severe damage and total collapse of bridge structures observed in recent earthquakes

Loma Prieta, U.S.A., 1989: Cypress Bridge Failure

Tangshan, China, 1976:Super-Structure Collapse

Tangshan, China, 1976:Super-Structure Collapse

Kobe, Japan, 1995: Nishinomiya Harbur Bridge

Nortrige, U.S.A., 1994: Pier’s Shear Failure

…urgent need for advanced seismic safe bridge systems

INTRODUCTION

I. Macedonia - USA joint research project (1997-2000)

SYSTEMS FOR SEISMIC ISOLATION APPLICABLE FOR SEISMIC PROTECTION OF NEW

AND SEISMIC REVITALIZATION OF EXISTING BRIDGES

Ristic, D., (Principal Investigator from IZIIS, Macedonia) and Trifunac, M., D., (Principal Investigator from USA), Period of Realization 1997-2000, United States-Macedonian Science and Technology Cooperation Programme, IZIIS,.-University of Soutern Clifornia, Los Angeles, 2000.

INTRODUCTION

Phases of Macedonia - USA joint research project

Phase 1: Comprehensive study of existing innovative seismic isolation systems

Phase 2: Development of highly efficient anti-seismic bridge bearings (ABB)

Efficiency of anti-seismic bridge bearings (ABB) for earthquake protection of multi-span bridges was intensively studied including:

a) Bridge systems with flexible piers, b) Bridges with stiff (short) piers, and c) Bridges comprising both flexible and stiff middle piers.

Significant work was devoted to development of analytical models and analysis procedures capable of realistic earthquake response prediction of bridges with and without installed anti-seismic devices.

INTRODUCTION

EXTENDED RESEARCH UNDER NEW PROJECT

II. Macedonia – Serbia and Montenegro scientific project (2005-2007)

HIGH PERFORMANCE SEISMIC ISOLATION OF BRIDGES

Objective: Qualitative improvement of system performances and creation of successful practical application of GOSEB2 system

Danilo Ristic1 Vlado Micov2 Milutin Vucinic 3 Marija Jovanovic4

1 Prof., 2 Assoc. Prof., 4 MSc, Student, Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology, University "Ss Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia

3 MSc, Licensed Designer, RZUP, Podgorica, Serbia and Montenegro

CONCEPT OF G2-BR BRIDGE SEISMIC ISOLATION SYSTEM

Concept of New “GOSEB2” Seismic Isolation System for Bridges Based On

Globally Optimized Seismic Energy Balance

The “GOSEB2” or “G2-BR” represents high performance seismic isolation system for bridges based on optimized seismic energy balance.

PATENTED SYSTEM BY THE FIRST AUTHOR

(1) Advantages of seismic isolation by adopted optimized “seismic isolator”

This has been achieved by integration of:

This integral innovative concept is characterized by the achieved very high

vibration control performances.

(2) Advantages of seismic energy dissipation by adopted new multi-level

seismic energy dissipation device or “seismic energy absorber”

(3) Advantages of effective displacement control by incorporated optimized

“rubber stopper” at appropriate locations.

CONCEPT OF G2-BR BRIDGE SEISMIC ISOLATION SYSTEM

ANALYTICAL INVESTIGATION OF SEISMIC PERFORMANCES OF PROTOTYPE BRIDGE STRUCTURES WITH OPTIMIZED G2-BR SEISMIC ISOLATION SYSTEM

Structural Characteristics of the Selected Bridge Prototype

1.0 m 1.0 m

2

3

423

Y

3

1

47

41

1.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

1.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

18.0

15 6 7 8 9 15 16 17 18 19 20 27 28 29 30 31 32

33

34

2 3 4 5 67

8 9 10 11 1213

14 15 16 1718

32

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

13

12

24

23

1425

48.0 m 48.0 m 48.0 m 1.0 m 144.0 m 1.0 m

146 m

X

30.0

43

3337

10

1148

3834

4421

49

35 39

45

35

50 46

42

4036

1.0

1.019 20 21

1.0

1.0 22

NP = 35NEL = 50

30.0 (y)

24.0 (y)

18.0 (y)

12.0 (y)

6.0 (y)

31.0 (y)

Analysis of Nonlinear Seismic Bridge Response in Longitudinal Direction


Earthquake records:

El Centro

Ulcinj-Albatros

Intensity level of PGA:

EQI: 0.5g and 0.7g

EQI: 0.5g and 0.7g

Analysis cases:

Total – Nonlinear Mathematical Model For Longitudinal Direction

6.0

8.08.08.08.08.08.08.08.08.08.08.08.08.08.08.08.08.08.0

u(t)

1.0

41

47

1

3

Y

234

3

2

1.0 m 1.0 m

31.0 (y)

6.0 (y)

12.0 (y)

18.0 (y)

24.0 (y)

30.0 (y)

NP = 35NEL = 50

t

u(t)

t

u(t)

u(t)

t

t

22

1.0

1.0212019

1.0

1.0

36 40

42

4650

35

45

3935

4921

44

34 38

4811

10

37 33

43

30.0

X

146 m

1.0 m 144.0 m1.0 m 48.0 m48.0 m48.0 m

2514

23

24

12

13

31

30

29

28

27

26

25

24

23

22

32

1817161514

1312111098

765432

34

33

323130292827201918171615987651

18.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

1.0

6.0

6.0


RC elements - modeled as nonlinear based on incorporated nonlinear M-Φ relations

Seismic isolation devices - modeled by formulated advanced nonlinear spring elements



Different displacement response of bridge sub structure and bridge superstructure

point 2: max: 0.16 m; T=5.44 smin: -0.21m; T=6.12 s

point 3: max: 0.01 m; T=5.38 s

min: -0.01 m; T=6.14 s

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20Time (s)

Dis

plac

emen

t in

x-di

rect

ion

(m))

point 2point 3

Displacement time history in x-direction in point 2 and point 3(El Centro 0,7g x-direction)



Separate displacement response of bridge sub structure and bridge superstructure

point 10: max: 0.16 m; T=5.44 smin: -0.21 m; T=6.12 s

point 11: max: 0.11 m; T=7.06 smin: -0.15 m; T=6.18 s

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Time (s)

Dis

plac

emen

t in

x-di

rect

ion

(m)))

point 10point 11

Displacement time history in x-direction in point 10 and point 11(El Centro 0,7g x-direction)



Different velocity response of bridge sub structure and bridge superstructure

point 2: max: 0.83 m/sec; T=1.88 smin: -0.92 m/sec; T=5.76 s

point 3: max: 0.08 m/sec; T=4.879 smin: -0.07 m/sec; T=2.28 s

-1

-0.75

-0.5

-0.25

0

0.25

0.5

0.75

1

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20Time (s)

Velo

city

in x

-dire

ctio

n (m

/sec

)))

point 2point 3

Velosity time history in x-direction in point 2 and point 3

(El Centro 0,7g x-direction)



Separate velocity response of bridge sub structure and bridge superstructure

point 10: max: 0.84 m/sec; T=1.88 s

point 10: min: -0.92 m/sec; T=5.76 s

point 11: max: 0.52 m/sec; T=1.89 s

point 11: min: -0.64 m/sec; T=5.79 s

-1

-0.75

-0.5

-0.25

0

0.25

0.5

0.75

1

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20Time (s)

Velo

city

in x

-dire

ctio

n (m

/sec

)))

point 10point 11

Velosity time history in x-direction in point 10 and point 11(El Centro 0,7g x-direction)


El-Centro, 0.7g, Direction-xFull-Response of Selected Seismic Isolators


element 37: max: u= 0.19 m; F=700.76kNelement 37: min: u= -0.15 m; F=-614.65 kN

element 38: max: u= 0.07 m; F=524.34 kNelement 38: min: u= -0.06 m; F=-520.75 kN

-1500

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

-0.25 -0.2 -0.15 -0.1 -0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25Relative displacement between points 10 and 11 u(m)

Tran

sver

sal f

orce

F(k

N

element 38

Force-displacement diagram for element 38(El Centro 0,7g x-direction)

Left support: large energy absorption Above Shorter Pier: induced energy absorption

-1500

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500


Tran

sfer

sal f

orce

F(k

N)))

element 37




Left-Side: active rubber stopper Right-Side: active rubber stopper

El-Centro, 0.7g, Direction-x Full-Response of Rubber Stoppers


-300

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

-0.25 -0.2 -0.15 -0.1 -0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25

Horizontal displacement of point 2 u(m)

Axia

l for

ce F

(kN

)

element 41



-300

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

-0.25 -0.2 -0.15 -0.1 -0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25Horizontal displacement of point 32 u(m)

Axia

l for

ce F

(kN

)

element 42



El-Centro, 0.7g, Direction-x Full-Response of HYSTERETIC G2 Absorbers: Absorber-K10 Absorber-K15


Left abutment: K10-strong nonlinear behavior Left abutment: K15- nonlinear behaviorelement 43: max: u= 0.19 m; F=271.08 kNelement 43: min: u= -0.14 m; F=-192.13 kN

-300

-200

-100

0

100

200

300


Tran

sver

sal f

orce

F(k

N

element 43



-300

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

-0.25 -0.2 -0.15 -0.1 -0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25

Relative displacement between points 2 and 3 u(m)

Tran

sver

sal f

orce

F(k

N

element 47


Analysis of Nonlinear Seismic Bridge Response in Longitudinal Direction El-Centro, 0.7g, Direction-x,

Base Moment-Curvature Hysteretic Response


Left (shorter) Pier: linear behavior Right (higher) Pier: linear behavior

NP14: max: f= 0.001175 rad/m; M=22725.50 kNm

NP 14: min: f= -0.001452 rad/m; M=-28373.77 kNmNP 26: max: f= 0.000635 rad/m; M=14866.34 kNmNP 26: min: f= -0.000808 rad/m; M=-17553.98 kNm

-80000

-60000

-40000

-20000

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

-0.002 -0.0015 -0.001 -0.0005 0 0.0005 0.001 0.0015 0.002Curvature (rad/m)

Bend

ing

mom

ent (

kNm

))

point 14

Moment-curvature diagram for point 14(El Centro 0,7g x-direction)

-80000

-60000

-40000

-20000

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

-0.002 -0.0015 -0.001 -0.0005 0 0.0005 0.001 0.0015 0.002Curvature (rad/m)

Bend

ing

mom

ent (

kNm

))point 26

Moment-curvature diagram for point 26

(El Centro 0,7g x-direction)

Analysis of Nonlinear Seismic Bridge Response in Transversal Direction

25


14

23

24

12

13

31

30

29

28

27

26

25

24

23

22

32

18171615141312111098765432

4 34

33

3130292827201918171615987652 1

NP = 35NEL = 50

138.0 (x)

144.0 (x)

66.0 (x)

72.0 (x)

78.0 (x)

84.0 (x)

90.0 (x)

96.0 (x)

30.0 (x)

36.0 (x)

42.0 (x)

48.0 (x)

-6.0 (x)

0.0 (x)

11.0 6.0

1.0

35.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

1.0

23.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

1.0

7.0 6.0

1.0

48.048.048.0

1.08.08.08.08.08.08.08.08.08.08.08.08.08.08.08.08.08.08.01.0

19

X

22212036 40

42

46

50

35

45

3935

49

2144

34 38

48

11

10

37 33

41

47

43

1

323

Analysis of Nonlinear Seismic Bridge Response in Transversal Direction

Left (shorter) Pier: linear behavior Right (higher) Pier: linear behavior

El-Centro, 0.7g, Direction-y,Base Moment-Curvature Hysteretic Response


NP 14: max: f= 0.000243 rad/m; M=57149.14 kNmNP 14: min: f= -0.000283 rad/m; M=-61278.61 kNm

-80000

-60000

-40000

-20000

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

-0.002 -0.0015 -0.001 -0.0005 0 0.0005 0.001 0.0015 0.002

Curvature (rad/m)

Bend

ing

mom

ent (

kNm

)))

point 14

Moment-curvature diagram for point 14(El Centro 0,7g y-direction)

NP26: max: f= 0.000365 rad/m; M=71279.83kNmNP26: min: f= -0.000399 rad/m; M=-74614.31kNm

-80000

-60000

-40000

-20000

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

-0.002 -0.0015 -0.001 -0.0005 0 0.0005 0.001 0.0015 0.002Curvature (rad/m)

Bend

ing

mom

ent (

kNm

))point 26

Moment-curvature diagram for point 26(El Centro 0,7g y-direction)

CONCLUSIONS

1. The optimized seismic isolators are very effective for bridge1. The optimized seismic isolators are very effective for bridge

seismic vibration control. However, for any particular bridge, seismic vibration control. However, for any particular bridge,

seismic isolators should be selected based on advanced seismic isolators should be selected based on advanced

optimization process. Seismic isolators are today available on optimization process. Seismic isolators are today available on

market with different proportions and physical characteristics. market with different proportions and physical characteristics.

Applying required expert knowledge, the designers are able to Applying required expert knowledge, the designers are able to

achieve successful selection of seismic isolators.achieve successful selection of seismic isolators.

CONCLUSIONS

2. The new multi2. The new multi--level level ““G2G2--BRBR”” hysteretic seismic energy absorber hysteretic seismic energy absorber

posses unique energy absorption features since it is capable of posses unique energy absorption features since it is capable of

adapting its behavior to the actual intensity of the input seismadapting its behavior to the actual intensity of the input seismic ic

energy. Actually, energy. Actually, ““GOSEB2GOSEB2”” hysteretic energy absorber provides hysteretic energy absorber provides

the most innovative and advanced features of multithe most innovative and advanced features of multi--level level

earthquake response in all directions.earthquake response in all directions.

CONCLUSIONS

3. The optimized rubber stoppers are very effective for excessiv3. The optimized rubber stoppers are very effective for excessive e

displacement control of bridge superdisplacement control of bridge super--structure. It is clear that structure. It is clear that

““GOSEB2GOSEB2”” rubber stoppers are highly efficient system devices rubber stoppers are highly efficient system devices

providing additional contribution to increasing of bridge seismiproviding additional contribution to increasing of bridge seismic c

safety, particularly in the case of very strong earthquakes.safety, particularly in the case of very strong earthquakes.

4. The new “GOSEB2” or “G24. The new “GOSEB2” or “G2--BR” high performance seismic BR” high performance seismic isolation system for bridges, created based on optimized seismicisolation system for bridges, created based on optimized seismicenergy balance, actually represent very effective technical energy balance, actually represent very effective technical innovation capable of integrating the advantages of seismic innovation capable of integrating the advantages of seismic isolation, seismic energy dissipation and effective displacementisolation, seismic energy dissipation and effective displacementcontrol.control.

CONCLUSIONS

CONCLUSIONS

5. Finally, the new “G25. Finally, the new “G2--BR” seismic isolation system for bridges BR” seismic isolation system for bridges based on multibased on multi--level seismic energy absorption and optimized level seismic energy absorption and optimized seismic energy balance shows very high seismic control seismic energy balance shows very high seismic control performances and can be used for full seismic protection of performances and can be used for full seismic protection of bridges in longitudinal and in transversal direction under the ebridges in longitudinal and in transversal direction under the effect ffect of very strong earthquakes.of very strong earthquakes.

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NEW G2-BR HIGH PERFORMANCE SEISMIC ISOLATION SYSTEM …