NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS

Nineteenth-Century Empires

SUPERQUIZSection II ndash PART 4

13 questions ndash 325

French Colonial Expansionbull Noted advocate of French colonial

expansion French politician _____________

Born________ died________bull He served

--as premier --_____ terms during the - --_______Republic

bull opposed by ____amp_____ndash Conservativesndash Socialists

Jules Ferry1832 1893

23rd

The Speech

bull Delivered before the ____________________in _____(mo) of _____ (yr)

bull directly combats the opponents of Ferryrsquos policiesbull states the (2)ndash economic and ndash political imperative of French expansion

bull argues for the ____________________of current French policies

bull ____________voices are also heard in this speechndash They reveal the basis for _________________ sentiment at

the time

National AssemblyJuly 1883

moral justness

Criticsanticolonial

The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1

bull Ferry starts by stating his _________________ at having to make such a long speech in front of the National Assemblyndash assures the ldquoChamberrdquo that it is as strenuous for him as the

individual membersndash thinks it his __________to summarize and condense the

arguments principles motives and interests for the justification of colonial expansion

bull Ferry promises to remain ___________ampreasonable in his argumentndash Major concern = _________________ interestsndash policy of colonial expansion constitutes both a(n) __amp__ sys

bull economicbull political

embarrassment

duty

moderate

continental

The system of Colonial Expansion

bull can be related to three ideas

bull These ideas are

ldquo_________ideas ideas of ____________

in its highest sense and ideas of p______ and p____________rdquo

economiccivilization

politicspatriotism

Job 1 the economic ideasbull 2 groups feel the need for EXPORT MARKETS

ndash The _______________populations of Europendash The ___________________________France particularly

feels the strainbull France needs EXPORT MARKETS because

ndash _____________treaties of ________have caused problemsndash Markets recently open to France have shrunk (2 countries)

bull Germany has surrounded itself with economic barriersbull The United States has recently made itself protectionist ldquoin the

most extreme senserdquo

bull Other industrialized countries are looking to France as an export market for their own manufactured goods

industrialldquorich and hard workingrdquo

Free trade 1860

Yo Passy I do not mean ldquomean to treat [you] with any ___________rdquo

bull Ferry speaks directly to ndash the _______________ndash including _____________

bull who is present for this speechbull well-respected ___________

economics

bull Ferry speaks against ndash this previous school of economicsndash _________________of France

________________of Englandndash also known as _____________

IRONY

economistsPassy

old school

Jean Baptiste SayAdam Smith

doctrinairesJules Ferry

Say what DOCTRINAIRESldquothe true export markets

are the ____________________which furnish and assure

themrdquo

commercial treaties

Jean Baptiste SayAdam Smith

COMMERCIAL TREATIESbull Ferry believes that commercial treaties

ndash Worked AFTER ____ BEFORE industrial revolution hit full stride ndash DIDNrsquoT work after

bull ldquothe development of science and bull the speeding up of _______________________________________rdquo

bull Competition in the______________market ndash from ________________ did not ruin French agriculturendash No active competition from these 2 countries

bull Americabull India

bull France lived under commercial treaties with ____________and other great powersndash ____________ldquobecame an industrial powerrdquo _____ and _____

bull It takes TWO to TANGOndash The _______________________refuses to make treaties

bull Multiple French officials have reached this conclusion

communicaton

OdessaGRAIN

EnglandGermany 1860 1883

United States

1860

bull point deserves equal attention but

bull Ferry hopes to accomplish it ldquoas quickly as possiblerdquo

bull Ferry condemns the ideas of M Camille ____________________

Point 2 ldquoideas of________________in the highest senserdquocivilization

Pellatan

lsquolsquoWhat is this civilization which you impose with_________________ What is it but another form of________________ Donrsquot these populations these inferior races have the same _______________as you Arenrsquot they masters of their own houses Have they called upon you You come to them against their will you offer them _______________ but not civilizationrsquorsquo

cannonballs

barbarism

rights

violence

bull Ferry condemns the ideas of M Camille Pellatan as political ________________

bull These ideas do not represent politics nor ____________________

bull The FAR LEFT chimes in at this idea

Point 2 ldquoideas of________________in the highest senserdquocivilization

METAPHYSICS

HISTORY

The FAR LEFT

Ah-ah

bull The FAR LEFT eruptsndash M Jules ___________

condemns Jules Ferry for his statement

ndash France proclaimed the _______________________

ldquo_______________races have _____________ rights over inferior racesrdquo

SUPERIOR SUPERIOR

MAIGNE

RIGHTS OF MAN

On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet

Ferry seeks to justify

___________ and the

________ trade

slavery

slave

bull

The French have no right to impose commerce on the ldquoblacks of equatorial Africardquo if they are included in the ____________________

These blacks have not called upon French for ___________________

Dec of the Rights of Man

commerce

THE DEBATE

bull M Raoul Duval ndash states that _____________wishes to impose nothing

upon these Africansndash it is ____________who hopes to do so

bull M Jules Maigne differentiates between ____posing an idea and _____posing an idea

bull M George Perin states that ldquoin any case you cannot bring about commerce by ________rdquo

FRANCEFERRY

PRO IM

force

bull

bull The LEFT

bull The RIGHT and the EXTREME LEFT erupt in new interruptions

SUPERIOR RACES have a______ to civilize INFERIOR RACES

DUTY

HOORAY

>

Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo

bull Ferry borrows a ldquoremarkably precise formulationrdquo from distinguished writer M Pelletan

lsquolsquoIt is a system which consists of seeking out ____________ in the Orient with a circumspect and peaceful seclusion which is actually imposed upon us in Europersquorsquo

compensations

bull I donrsquot like the use of the term ldquo______________rdquo

Irsquoll ward off any injury being inflicted on the French government ldquowith all the force of [my] _______________rdquo

bull THE LEFT amp THE CENTER

compensation

patriotism

HOORAY

>

Certain considerations hellip

bull The current conditions of naval warfare have been alteredbull A warship can only carry _________days worth of coal

ndash Without coal a ship is dead in the water

bull France needs countless reprovisioning stations and shelters in and will hold them in (4 areas)ndash Saigon ndash Tunisia ndash the Mekong Deltandash and Madagascar

bull France also holds the Madagascar ports of ndash Diego-Suarezndash Vohemar

14

bull Global ______________ is increasingndash Some European powers strengthen

___________ and navy in order to compete effectively

ndash Others focus on _______________ growth to overtake competitors

bull A policy of _____________ will only lead to cultural decline

Nations achieve greatness only through the ___________ they developThe ldquopeaceful shining forth of __________________rdquo does not make countries great in this day and age

institutions

competition

military

population

isolation

activities

>

economic

I cannot believe that the monarchy wants to follow a policy of ______________and _____________France does not follow a policy of ldquo______and _______rdquo

modestyreserve

Bread butter

>

economic

Fallen monarchs wish to impose these values on France The ____________ Party will NOT follow the examples of __________ and the _______________The Swiss RepublicBelgium

Republican

>

economic

____France must be both a _______country and a ____ country As much as possible France must influence the destiny of ________________ France has a duty to extend the French

____________________ ________________ and

__________ as much as possible

customs

Europe

free great

flaglanguagearmsgenius

>

211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49)Six score and seven years agohellip

bull 1 What ldquothree orders of ideasrdquo does Jules Ferry say that he will address

bull economic ideas bull ideas of civilization in its highest sense bull and ideas of politics and patriotism

bull 2 According to Ferry what is French industryrsquos biggest need and why

bull French industry needs export markets because many markets have closed to them like ndash Germany and ndash the US

bull 3 Summarize the quote that Ferry reads from M Camille Pellatan and describe how Ferry responds to the quote

bull Pelletan calls into question the ldquocivilizationrdquo that France pushes on non-Europeans with violence and force arguing that all humans have basic rights

bull Ferry responds by saying that the Declaration of the Rights of Man doesnrsquot apply to all

bull He also reminds Pelletan that commerce is forced upon the non-Europeans as well

bull 4 According to Ferry why do the French need ports in places like Madagascar and Tunisia

bull Since a warship cannot carry more than 14 daysrsquo worth of coal it was necessary to have provision stations shelters ports for defense and revictualling

212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49)Leno or Conan

bull 1 ldquoGentlemen it (EXCITES EMBARRASSES) me to make such a prolonged demand upon the gracious attention of the Chamber but I believe that the (DUTY PRIVILEGE) I am fulfilling upon this platform is not a (EASY USELESS) onerdquo

________

________

bull 2 ldquohellipthat need felt more and more strongly by the industrial population of Europehellipthe need for (IMPORT EXPORT) markets Is this some kind of (JOKE CHIMERA) Is this a view of the future or is it not rather a (PRESSING PASSING) need and we could say the cry of our (AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIAL) populationrdquo

________

______

______

bull 3 ldquoGentlemen I must speaker from a (HIGHER LOWER) and more truthful (PLANE GROUND) It must be stated openly that in effect (SOME SUPERIOR) races have (RIGHTS ADVANTAGE) over inferior (RACES PEOPLE)rdquo

____ ________

____ ____

bull 4 ldquoIf the declaration of the rights of (HUMANS MAN) was written for the blacks of equatorial Africa then by what right do you impose regular (COMMERCE RULE) upon themrdquo

_________

bull 5 ldquoI (REFUTE REPEAT) that superior races have a (RIGHT ABILITY) because they have a duty They have the duty to (CHRISTIANIZE CIVILIZE) inferior racesrdquo

________

____

bull 6 ldquo[The Republican Party] is quite (UNAWARE AWARE) that one cannot impose upon France a political ideal conforming to that of nations like (INDEPENDENT COLONIAL) Belgium and the (OTTOMAN EMPIRE SWISS REPUBLIC)rdquo

___________

_________

bull 7 ldquoSomething else is needed for France that she cannot be merely a (FREE AVERAGE) country that she must also be a (POWERFUL GREAT) country exercizing all her rightful (POWER INFLUENCE) over the destiny of Europe that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the (WORLD CONTINENT) and carry everywhere that she can her (LANGUAGE CULTURE) her customs her (FLAG BANNER) her arms and her (LEGACY GENIUS)

__ ____________

__________

PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE

bull Section IIbull pp 48-54

THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931

ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the

University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory

of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______

ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century

Martin EvansPortsmith

1997

Algerian 54 62

Twentieth

The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the

bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period

of time

bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend

bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________

bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself

Lyautey77

1854 1934

MoroccanGovernor

en brosse

colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE

standing up like brush bristles

PURPOSES of the Exhibition

bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its

emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious

bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further

reinforced this point

ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________

bull The empire functioned as a large ________________

hearts minds

economicWall Street Crash

Depressiontrading bloc

PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION

bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a

battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary

________________and religious ______________rdquo

ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire

civilizing

light darknesscivilized UNcivilized

feudalism bigotrymodel

bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death

bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little

bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo

~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931

French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating

imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________

stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition

bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo

stamp

cinema broadcasting

a single day

French Colonial Exposition of 1831

bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies

bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture

Greater France110 million

Third

The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos

annexationndash ____th anniversary of the

invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President

_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge

May 6 1931

50

100

ParisBois de Vincennes

1004

Gaston Doumerguecavalry

100

The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France

depicting the country as a colonial genius

bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses

arch

THE GROUNDS

bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying

empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries

mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the

symbolic importance of the Exhibition

Great Hall

frescoes

troops

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________

bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular

attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to

_____________ to keep crowds in control

Angkor Wat

weekends

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

French Colonial Expansionbull Noted advocate of French colonial

expansion French politician _____________

Born________ died________bull He served

--as premier --_____ terms during the - --_______Republic

bull opposed by ____amp_____ndash Conservativesndash Socialists

Jules Ferry1832 1893

23rd

The Speech

bull Delivered before the ____________________in _____(mo) of _____ (yr)

bull directly combats the opponents of Ferryrsquos policiesbull states the (2)ndash economic and ndash political imperative of French expansion

bull argues for the ____________________of current French policies

bull ____________voices are also heard in this speechndash They reveal the basis for _________________ sentiment at

the time

National AssemblyJuly 1883

moral justness

Criticsanticolonial

The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1

bull Ferry starts by stating his _________________ at having to make such a long speech in front of the National Assemblyndash assures the ldquoChamberrdquo that it is as strenuous for him as the

individual membersndash thinks it his __________to summarize and condense the

arguments principles motives and interests for the justification of colonial expansion

bull Ferry promises to remain ___________ampreasonable in his argumentndash Major concern = _________________ interestsndash policy of colonial expansion constitutes both a(n) __amp__ sys

bull economicbull political

embarrassment

duty

moderate

continental

The system of Colonial Expansion

bull can be related to three ideas

bull These ideas are

ldquo_________ideas ideas of ____________

in its highest sense and ideas of p______ and p____________rdquo

economiccivilization

politicspatriotism

Job 1 the economic ideasbull 2 groups feel the need for EXPORT MARKETS

ndash The _______________populations of Europendash The ___________________________France particularly

feels the strainbull France needs EXPORT MARKETS because

ndash _____________treaties of ________have caused problemsndash Markets recently open to France have shrunk (2 countries)

bull Germany has surrounded itself with economic barriersbull The United States has recently made itself protectionist ldquoin the

most extreme senserdquo

bull Other industrialized countries are looking to France as an export market for their own manufactured goods

industrialldquorich and hard workingrdquo

Free trade 1860

Yo Passy I do not mean ldquomean to treat [you] with any ___________rdquo

bull Ferry speaks directly to ndash the _______________ndash including _____________

bull who is present for this speechbull well-respected ___________

economics

bull Ferry speaks against ndash this previous school of economicsndash _________________of France

________________of Englandndash also known as _____________

IRONY

economistsPassy

old school

Jean Baptiste SayAdam Smith

doctrinairesJules Ferry

Say what DOCTRINAIRESldquothe true export markets

are the ____________________which furnish and assure

themrdquo

commercial treaties

Jean Baptiste SayAdam Smith

COMMERCIAL TREATIESbull Ferry believes that commercial treaties

ndash Worked AFTER ____ BEFORE industrial revolution hit full stride ndash DIDNrsquoT work after

bull ldquothe development of science and bull the speeding up of _______________________________________rdquo

bull Competition in the______________market ndash from ________________ did not ruin French agriculturendash No active competition from these 2 countries

bull Americabull India

bull France lived under commercial treaties with ____________and other great powersndash ____________ldquobecame an industrial powerrdquo _____ and _____

bull It takes TWO to TANGOndash The _______________________refuses to make treaties

bull Multiple French officials have reached this conclusion

communicaton

OdessaGRAIN

EnglandGermany 1860 1883

United States

1860

bull point deserves equal attention but

bull Ferry hopes to accomplish it ldquoas quickly as possiblerdquo

bull Ferry condemns the ideas of M Camille ____________________

Point 2 ldquoideas of________________in the highest senserdquocivilization

Pellatan

lsquolsquoWhat is this civilization which you impose with_________________ What is it but another form of________________ Donrsquot these populations these inferior races have the same _______________as you Arenrsquot they masters of their own houses Have they called upon you You come to them against their will you offer them _______________ but not civilizationrsquorsquo

cannonballs

barbarism

rights

violence

bull Ferry condemns the ideas of M Camille Pellatan as political ________________

bull These ideas do not represent politics nor ____________________

bull The FAR LEFT chimes in at this idea

Point 2 ldquoideas of________________in the highest senserdquocivilization

METAPHYSICS

HISTORY

The FAR LEFT

Ah-ah

bull The FAR LEFT eruptsndash M Jules ___________

condemns Jules Ferry for his statement

ndash France proclaimed the _______________________

ldquo_______________races have _____________ rights over inferior racesrdquo

SUPERIOR SUPERIOR

MAIGNE

RIGHTS OF MAN

On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet

Ferry seeks to justify

___________ and the

________ trade

slavery

slave

bull

The French have no right to impose commerce on the ldquoblacks of equatorial Africardquo if they are included in the ____________________

These blacks have not called upon French for ___________________

Dec of the Rights of Man

commerce

THE DEBATE

bull M Raoul Duval ndash states that _____________wishes to impose nothing

upon these Africansndash it is ____________who hopes to do so

bull M Jules Maigne differentiates between ____posing an idea and _____posing an idea

bull M George Perin states that ldquoin any case you cannot bring about commerce by ________rdquo

FRANCEFERRY

PRO IM

force

bull

bull The LEFT

bull The RIGHT and the EXTREME LEFT erupt in new interruptions

SUPERIOR RACES have a______ to civilize INFERIOR RACES

DUTY

HOORAY

>

Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo

bull Ferry borrows a ldquoremarkably precise formulationrdquo from distinguished writer M Pelletan

lsquolsquoIt is a system which consists of seeking out ____________ in the Orient with a circumspect and peaceful seclusion which is actually imposed upon us in Europersquorsquo

compensations

bull I donrsquot like the use of the term ldquo______________rdquo

Irsquoll ward off any injury being inflicted on the French government ldquowith all the force of [my] _______________rdquo

bull THE LEFT amp THE CENTER

compensation

patriotism

HOORAY

>

Certain considerations hellip

bull The current conditions of naval warfare have been alteredbull A warship can only carry _________days worth of coal

ndash Without coal a ship is dead in the water

bull France needs countless reprovisioning stations and shelters in and will hold them in (4 areas)ndash Saigon ndash Tunisia ndash the Mekong Deltandash and Madagascar

bull France also holds the Madagascar ports of ndash Diego-Suarezndash Vohemar

14

bull Global ______________ is increasingndash Some European powers strengthen

___________ and navy in order to compete effectively

ndash Others focus on _______________ growth to overtake competitors

bull A policy of _____________ will only lead to cultural decline

Nations achieve greatness only through the ___________ they developThe ldquopeaceful shining forth of __________________rdquo does not make countries great in this day and age

institutions

competition

military

population

isolation

activities

>

economic

I cannot believe that the monarchy wants to follow a policy of ______________and _____________France does not follow a policy of ldquo______and _______rdquo

modestyreserve

Bread butter

>

economic

Fallen monarchs wish to impose these values on France The ____________ Party will NOT follow the examples of __________ and the _______________The Swiss RepublicBelgium

Republican

>

economic

____France must be both a _______country and a ____ country As much as possible France must influence the destiny of ________________ France has a duty to extend the French

____________________ ________________ and

__________ as much as possible

customs

Europe

free great

flaglanguagearmsgenius

>

211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49)Six score and seven years agohellip

bull 1 What ldquothree orders of ideasrdquo does Jules Ferry say that he will address

bull economic ideas bull ideas of civilization in its highest sense bull and ideas of politics and patriotism

bull 2 According to Ferry what is French industryrsquos biggest need and why

bull French industry needs export markets because many markets have closed to them like ndash Germany and ndash the US

bull 3 Summarize the quote that Ferry reads from M Camille Pellatan and describe how Ferry responds to the quote

bull Pelletan calls into question the ldquocivilizationrdquo that France pushes on non-Europeans with violence and force arguing that all humans have basic rights

bull Ferry responds by saying that the Declaration of the Rights of Man doesnrsquot apply to all

bull He also reminds Pelletan that commerce is forced upon the non-Europeans as well

bull 4 According to Ferry why do the French need ports in places like Madagascar and Tunisia

bull Since a warship cannot carry more than 14 daysrsquo worth of coal it was necessary to have provision stations shelters ports for defense and revictualling

212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49)Leno or Conan

bull 1 ldquoGentlemen it (EXCITES EMBARRASSES) me to make such a prolonged demand upon the gracious attention of the Chamber but I believe that the (DUTY PRIVILEGE) I am fulfilling upon this platform is not a (EASY USELESS) onerdquo

________

________

bull 2 ldquohellipthat need felt more and more strongly by the industrial population of Europehellipthe need for (IMPORT EXPORT) markets Is this some kind of (JOKE CHIMERA) Is this a view of the future or is it not rather a (PRESSING PASSING) need and we could say the cry of our (AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIAL) populationrdquo

________

______

______

bull 3 ldquoGentlemen I must speaker from a (HIGHER LOWER) and more truthful (PLANE GROUND) It must be stated openly that in effect (SOME SUPERIOR) races have (RIGHTS ADVANTAGE) over inferior (RACES PEOPLE)rdquo

____ ________

____ ____

bull 4 ldquoIf the declaration of the rights of (HUMANS MAN) was written for the blacks of equatorial Africa then by what right do you impose regular (COMMERCE RULE) upon themrdquo

_________

bull 5 ldquoI (REFUTE REPEAT) that superior races have a (RIGHT ABILITY) because they have a duty They have the duty to (CHRISTIANIZE CIVILIZE) inferior racesrdquo

________

____

bull 6 ldquo[The Republican Party] is quite (UNAWARE AWARE) that one cannot impose upon France a political ideal conforming to that of nations like (INDEPENDENT COLONIAL) Belgium and the (OTTOMAN EMPIRE SWISS REPUBLIC)rdquo

___________

_________

bull 7 ldquoSomething else is needed for France that she cannot be merely a (FREE AVERAGE) country that she must also be a (POWERFUL GREAT) country exercizing all her rightful (POWER INFLUENCE) over the destiny of Europe that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the (WORLD CONTINENT) and carry everywhere that she can her (LANGUAGE CULTURE) her customs her (FLAG BANNER) her arms and her (LEGACY GENIUS)

__ ____________

__________

PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE

bull Section IIbull pp 48-54

THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931

ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the

University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory

of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______

ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century

Martin EvansPortsmith

1997

Algerian 54 62

Twentieth

The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the

bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period

of time

bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend

bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________

bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself

Lyautey77

1854 1934

MoroccanGovernor

en brosse

colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE

standing up like brush bristles

PURPOSES of the Exhibition

bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its

emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious

bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further

reinforced this point

ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________

bull The empire functioned as a large ________________

hearts minds

economicWall Street Crash

Depressiontrading bloc

PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION

bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a

battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary

________________and religious ______________rdquo

ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire

civilizing

light darknesscivilized UNcivilized

feudalism bigotrymodel

bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death

bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little

bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo

~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931

French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating

imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________

stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition

bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo

stamp

cinema broadcasting

a single day

French Colonial Exposition of 1831

bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies

bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture

Greater France110 million

Third

The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos

annexationndash ____th anniversary of the

invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President

_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge

May 6 1931

50

100

ParisBois de Vincennes

1004

Gaston Doumerguecavalry

100

The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France

depicting the country as a colonial genius

bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses

arch

THE GROUNDS

bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying

empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries

mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the

symbolic importance of the Exhibition

Great Hall

frescoes

troops

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________

bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular

attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to

_____________ to keep crowds in control

Angkor Wat

weekends

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

The Speech

bull Delivered before the ____________________in _____(mo) of _____ (yr)

bull directly combats the opponents of Ferryrsquos policiesbull states the (2)ndash economic and ndash political imperative of French expansion

bull argues for the ____________________of current French policies

bull ____________voices are also heard in this speechndash They reveal the basis for _________________ sentiment at

the time

National AssemblyJuly 1883

moral justness

Criticsanticolonial

The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1

bull Ferry starts by stating his _________________ at having to make such a long speech in front of the National Assemblyndash assures the ldquoChamberrdquo that it is as strenuous for him as the

individual membersndash thinks it his __________to summarize and condense the

arguments principles motives and interests for the justification of colonial expansion

bull Ferry promises to remain ___________ampreasonable in his argumentndash Major concern = _________________ interestsndash policy of colonial expansion constitutes both a(n) __amp__ sys

bull economicbull political

embarrassment

duty

moderate

continental

The system of Colonial Expansion

bull can be related to three ideas

bull These ideas are

ldquo_________ideas ideas of ____________

in its highest sense and ideas of p______ and p____________rdquo

economiccivilization

politicspatriotism

Job 1 the economic ideasbull 2 groups feel the need for EXPORT MARKETS

ndash The _______________populations of Europendash The ___________________________France particularly

feels the strainbull France needs EXPORT MARKETS because

ndash _____________treaties of ________have caused problemsndash Markets recently open to France have shrunk (2 countries)

bull Germany has surrounded itself with economic barriersbull The United States has recently made itself protectionist ldquoin the

most extreme senserdquo

bull Other industrialized countries are looking to France as an export market for their own manufactured goods

industrialldquorich and hard workingrdquo

Free trade 1860

Yo Passy I do not mean ldquomean to treat [you] with any ___________rdquo

bull Ferry speaks directly to ndash the _______________ndash including _____________

bull who is present for this speechbull well-respected ___________

economics

bull Ferry speaks against ndash this previous school of economicsndash _________________of France

________________of Englandndash also known as _____________

IRONY

economistsPassy

old school

Jean Baptiste SayAdam Smith

doctrinairesJules Ferry

Say what DOCTRINAIRESldquothe true export markets

are the ____________________which furnish and assure

themrdquo

commercial treaties

Jean Baptiste SayAdam Smith

COMMERCIAL TREATIESbull Ferry believes that commercial treaties

ndash Worked AFTER ____ BEFORE industrial revolution hit full stride ndash DIDNrsquoT work after

bull ldquothe development of science and bull the speeding up of _______________________________________rdquo

bull Competition in the______________market ndash from ________________ did not ruin French agriculturendash No active competition from these 2 countries

bull Americabull India

bull France lived under commercial treaties with ____________and other great powersndash ____________ldquobecame an industrial powerrdquo _____ and _____

bull It takes TWO to TANGOndash The _______________________refuses to make treaties

bull Multiple French officials have reached this conclusion

communicaton

OdessaGRAIN

EnglandGermany 1860 1883

United States

1860

bull point deserves equal attention but

bull Ferry hopes to accomplish it ldquoas quickly as possiblerdquo

bull Ferry condemns the ideas of M Camille ____________________

Point 2 ldquoideas of________________in the highest senserdquocivilization

Pellatan

lsquolsquoWhat is this civilization which you impose with_________________ What is it but another form of________________ Donrsquot these populations these inferior races have the same _______________as you Arenrsquot they masters of their own houses Have they called upon you You come to them against their will you offer them _______________ but not civilizationrsquorsquo

cannonballs

barbarism

rights

violence

bull Ferry condemns the ideas of M Camille Pellatan as political ________________

bull These ideas do not represent politics nor ____________________

bull The FAR LEFT chimes in at this idea

Point 2 ldquoideas of________________in the highest senserdquocivilization

METAPHYSICS

HISTORY

The FAR LEFT

Ah-ah

bull The FAR LEFT eruptsndash M Jules ___________

condemns Jules Ferry for his statement

ndash France proclaimed the _______________________

ldquo_______________races have _____________ rights over inferior racesrdquo

SUPERIOR SUPERIOR

MAIGNE

RIGHTS OF MAN

On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet

Ferry seeks to justify

___________ and the

________ trade

slavery

slave

bull

The French have no right to impose commerce on the ldquoblacks of equatorial Africardquo if they are included in the ____________________

These blacks have not called upon French for ___________________

Dec of the Rights of Man

commerce

THE DEBATE

bull M Raoul Duval ndash states that _____________wishes to impose nothing

upon these Africansndash it is ____________who hopes to do so

bull M Jules Maigne differentiates between ____posing an idea and _____posing an idea

bull M George Perin states that ldquoin any case you cannot bring about commerce by ________rdquo

FRANCEFERRY

PRO IM

force

bull

bull The LEFT

bull The RIGHT and the EXTREME LEFT erupt in new interruptions

SUPERIOR RACES have a______ to civilize INFERIOR RACES

DUTY

HOORAY

>

Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo

bull Ferry borrows a ldquoremarkably precise formulationrdquo from distinguished writer M Pelletan

lsquolsquoIt is a system which consists of seeking out ____________ in the Orient with a circumspect and peaceful seclusion which is actually imposed upon us in Europersquorsquo

compensations

bull I donrsquot like the use of the term ldquo______________rdquo

Irsquoll ward off any injury being inflicted on the French government ldquowith all the force of [my] _______________rdquo

bull THE LEFT amp THE CENTER

compensation

patriotism

HOORAY

>

Certain considerations hellip

bull The current conditions of naval warfare have been alteredbull A warship can only carry _________days worth of coal

ndash Without coal a ship is dead in the water

bull France needs countless reprovisioning stations and shelters in and will hold them in (4 areas)ndash Saigon ndash Tunisia ndash the Mekong Deltandash and Madagascar

bull France also holds the Madagascar ports of ndash Diego-Suarezndash Vohemar

14

bull Global ______________ is increasingndash Some European powers strengthen

___________ and navy in order to compete effectively

ndash Others focus on _______________ growth to overtake competitors

bull A policy of _____________ will only lead to cultural decline

Nations achieve greatness only through the ___________ they developThe ldquopeaceful shining forth of __________________rdquo does not make countries great in this day and age

institutions

competition

military

population

isolation

activities

>

economic

I cannot believe that the monarchy wants to follow a policy of ______________and _____________France does not follow a policy of ldquo______and _______rdquo

modestyreserve

Bread butter

>

economic

Fallen monarchs wish to impose these values on France The ____________ Party will NOT follow the examples of __________ and the _______________The Swiss RepublicBelgium

Republican

>

economic

____France must be both a _______country and a ____ country As much as possible France must influence the destiny of ________________ France has a duty to extend the French

____________________ ________________ and

__________ as much as possible

customs

Europe

free great

flaglanguagearmsgenius

>

211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49)Six score and seven years agohellip

bull 1 What ldquothree orders of ideasrdquo does Jules Ferry say that he will address

bull economic ideas bull ideas of civilization in its highest sense bull and ideas of politics and patriotism

bull 2 According to Ferry what is French industryrsquos biggest need and why

bull French industry needs export markets because many markets have closed to them like ndash Germany and ndash the US

bull 3 Summarize the quote that Ferry reads from M Camille Pellatan and describe how Ferry responds to the quote

bull Pelletan calls into question the ldquocivilizationrdquo that France pushes on non-Europeans with violence and force arguing that all humans have basic rights

bull Ferry responds by saying that the Declaration of the Rights of Man doesnrsquot apply to all

bull He also reminds Pelletan that commerce is forced upon the non-Europeans as well

bull 4 According to Ferry why do the French need ports in places like Madagascar and Tunisia

bull Since a warship cannot carry more than 14 daysrsquo worth of coal it was necessary to have provision stations shelters ports for defense and revictualling

212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49)Leno or Conan

bull 1 ldquoGentlemen it (EXCITES EMBARRASSES) me to make such a prolonged demand upon the gracious attention of the Chamber but I believe that the (DUTY PRIVILEGE) I am fulfilling upon this platform is not a (EASY USELESS) onerdquo

________

________

bull 2 ldquohellipthat need felt more and more strongly by the industrial population of Europehellipthe need for (IMPORT EXPORT) markets Is this some kind of (JOKE CHIMERA) Is this a view of the future or is it not rather a (PRESSING PASSING) need and we could say the cry of our (AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIAL) populationrdquo

________

______

______

bull 3 ldquoGentlemen I must speaker from a (HIGHER LOWER) and more truthful (PLANE GROUND) It must be stated openly that in effect (SOME SUPERIOR) races have (RIGHTS ADVANTAGE) over inferior (RACES PEOPLE)rdquo

____ ________

____ ____

bull 4 ldquoIf the declaration of the rights of (HUMANS MAN) was written for the blacks of equatorial Africa then by what right do you impose regular (COMMERCE RULE) upon themrdquo

_________

bull 5 ldquoI (REFUTE REPEAT) that superior races have a (RIGHT ABILITY) because they have a duty They have the duty to (CHRISTIANIZE CIVILIZE) inferior racesrdquo

________

____

bull 6 ldquo[The Republican Party] is quite (UNAWARE AWARE) that one cannot impose upon France a political ideal conforming to that of nations like (INDEPENDENT COLONIAL) Belgium and the (OTTOMAN EMPIRE SWISS REPUBLIC)rdquo

___________

_________

bull 7 ldquoSomething else is needed for France that she cannot be merely a (FREE AVERAGE) country that she must also be a (POWERFUL GREAT) country exercizing all her rightful (POWER INFLUENCE) over the destiny of Europe that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the (WORLD CONTINENT) and carry everywhere that she can her (LANGUAGE CULTURE) her customs her (FLAG BANNER) her arms and her (LEGACY GENIUS)

__ ____________

__________

PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE

bull Section IIbull pp 48-54

THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931

ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the

University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory

of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______

ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century

Martin EvansPortsmith

1997

Algerian 54 62

Twentieth

The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the

bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period

of time

bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend

bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________

bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself

Lyautey77

1854 1934

MoroccanGovernor

en brosse

colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE

standing up like brush bristles

PURPOSES of the Exhibition

bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its

emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious

bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further

reinforced this point

ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________

bull The empire functioned as a large ________________

hearts minds

economicWall Street Crash

Depressiontrading bloc

PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION

bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a

battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary

________________and religious ______________rdquo

ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire

civilizing

light darknesscivilized UNcivilized

feudalism bigotrymodel

bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death

bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little

bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo

~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931

French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating

imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________

stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition

bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo

stamp

cinema broadcasting

a single day

French Colonial Exposition of 1831

bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies

bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture

Greater France110 million

Third

The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos

annexationndash ____th anniversary of the

invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President

_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge

May 6 1931

50

100

ParisBois de Vincennes

1004

Gaston Doumerguecavalry

100

The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France

depicting the country as a colonial genius

bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses

arch

THE GROUNDS

bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying

empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries

mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the

symbolic importance of the Exhibition

Great Hall

frescoes

troops

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________

bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular

attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to

_____________ to keep crowds in control

Angkor Wat

weekends

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1

bull Ferry starts by stating his _________________ at having to make such a long speech in front of the National Assemblyndash assures the ldquoChamberrdquo that it is as strenuous for him as the

individual membersndash thinks it his __________to summarize and condense the

arguments principles motives and interests for the justification of colonial expansion

bull Ferry promises to remain ___________ampreasonable in his argumentndash Major concern = _________________ interestsndash policy of colonial expansion constitutes both a(n) __amp__ sys

bull economicbull political

embarrassment

duty

moderate

continental

The system of Colonial Expansion

bull can be related to three ideas

bull These ideas are

ldquo_________ideas ideas of ____________

in its highest sense and ideas of p______ and p____________rdquo

economiccivilization

politicspatriotism

Job 1 the economic ideasbull 2 groups feel the need for EXPORT MARKETS

ndash The _______________populations of Europendash The ___________________________France particularly

feels the strainbull France needs EXPORT MARKETS because

ndash _____________treaties of ________have caused problemsndash Markets recently open to France have shrunk (2 countries)

bull Germany has surrounded itself with economic barriersbull The United States has recently made itself protectionist ldquoin the

most extreme senserdquo

bull Other industrialized countries are looking to France as an export market for their own manufactured goods

industrialldquorich and hard workingrdquo

Free trade 1860

Yo Passy I do not mean ldquomean to treat [you] with any ___________rdquo

bull Ferry speaks directly to ndash the _______________ndash including _____________

bull who is present for this speechbull well-respected ___________

economics

bull Ferry speaks against ndash this previous school of economicsndash _________________of France

________________of Englandndash also known as _____________

IRONY

economistsPassy

old school

Jean Baptiste SayAdam Smith

doctrinairesJules Ferry

Say what DOCTRINAIRESldquothe true export markets

are the ____________________which furnish and assure

themrdquo

commercial treaties

Jean Baptiste SayAdam Smith

COMMERCIAL TREATIESbull Ferry believes that commercial treaties

ndash Worked AFTER ____ BEFORE industrial revolution hit full stride ndash DIDNrsquoT work after

bull ldquothe development of science and bull the speeding up of _______________________________________rdquo

bull Competition in the______________market ndash from ________________ did not ruin French agriculturendash No active competition from these 2 countries

bull Americabull India

bull France lived under commercial treaties with ____________and other great powersndash ____________ldquobecame an industrial powerrdquo _____ and _____

bull It takes TWO to TANGOndash The _______________________refuses to make treaties

bull Multiple French officials have reached this conclusion

communicaton

OdessaGRAIN

EnglandGermany 1860 1883

United States

1860

bull point deserves equal attention but

bull Ferry hopes to accomplish it ldquoas quickly as possiblerdquo

bull Ferry condemns the ideas of M Camille ____________________

Point 2 ldquoideas of________________in the highest senserdquocivilization

Pellatan

lsquolsquoWhat is this civilization which you impose with_________________ What is it but another form of________________ Donrsquot these populations these inferior races have the same _______________as you Arenrsquot they masters of their own houses Have they called upon you You come to them against their will you offer them _______________ but not civilizationrsquorsquo

cannonballs

barbarism

rights

violence

bull Ferry condemns the ideas of M Camille Pellatan as political ________________

bull These ideas do not represent politics nor ____________________

bull The FAR LEFT chimes in at this idea

Point 2 ldquoideas of________________in the highest senserdquocivilization

METAPHYSICS

HISTORY

The FAR LEFT

Ah-ah

bull The FAR LEFT eruptsndash M Jules ___________

condemns Jules Ferry for his statement

ndash France proclaimed the _______________________

ldquo_______________races have _____________ rights over inferior racesrdquo

SUPERIOR SUPERIOR

MAIGNE

RIGHTS OF MAN

On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet

Ferry seeks to justify

___________ and the

________ trade

slavery

slave

bull

The French have no right to impose commerce on the ldquoblacks of equatorial Africardquo if they are included in the ____________________

These blacks have not called upon French for ___________________

Dec of the Rights of Man

commerce

THE DEBATE

bull M Raoul Duval ndash states that _____________wishes to impose nothing

upon these Africansndash it is ____________who hopes to do so

bull M Jules Maigne differentiates between ____posing an idea and _____posing an idea

bull M George Perin states that ldquoin any case you cannot bring about commerce by ________rdquo

FRANCEFERRY

PRO IM

force

bull

bull The LEFT

bull The RIGHT and the EXTREME LEFT erupt in new interruptions

SUPERIOR RACES have a______ to civilize INFERIOR RACES

DUTY

HOORAY

>

Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo

bull Ferry borrows a ldquoremarkably precise formulationrdquo from distinguished writer M Pelletan

lsquolsquoIt is a system which consists of seeking out ____________ in the Orient with a circumspect and peaceful seclusion which is actually imposed upon us in Europersquorsquo

compensations

bull I donrsquot like the use of the term ldquo______________rdquo

Irsquoll ward off any injury being inflicted on the French government ldquowith all the force of [my] _______________rdquo

bull THE LEFT amp THE CENTER

compensation

patriotism

HOORAY

>

Certain considerations hellip

bull The current conditions of naval warfare have been alteredbull A warship can only carry _________days worth of coal

ndash Without coal a ship is dead in the water

bull France needs countless reprovisioning stations and shelters in and will hold them in (4 areas)ndash Saigon ndash Tunisia ndash the Mekong Deltandash and Madagascar

bull France also holds the Madagascar ports of ndash Diego-Suarezndash Vohemar

14

bull Global ______________ is increasingndash Some European powers strengthen

___________ and navy in order to compete effectively

ndash Others focus on _______________ growth to overtake competitors

bull A policy of _____________ will only lead to cultural decline

Nations achieve greatness only through the ___________ they developThe ldquopeaceful shining forth of __________________rdquo does not make countries great in this day and age

institutions

competition

military

population

isolation

activities

>

economic

I cannot believe that the monarchy wants to follow a policy of ______________and _____________France does not follow a policy of ldquo______and _______rdquo

modestyreserve

Bread butter

>

economic

Fallen monarchs wish to impose these values on France The ____________ Party will NOT follow the examples of __________ and the _______________The Swiss RepublicBelgium

Republican

>

economic

____France must be both a _______country and a ____ country As much as possible France must influence the destiny of ________________ France has a duty to extend the French

____________________ ________________ and

__________ as much as possible

customs

Europe

free great

flaglanguagearmsgenius

>

211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49)Six score and seven years agohellip

bull 1 What ldquothree orders of ideasrdquo does Jules Ferry say that he will address

bull economic ideas bull ideas of civilization in its highest sense bull and ideas of politics and patriotism

bull 2 According to Ferry what is French industryrsquos biggest need and why

bull French industry needs export markets because many markets have closed to them like ndash Germany and ndash the US

bull 3 Summarize the quote that Ferry reads from M Camille Pellatan and describe how Ferry responds to the quote

bull Pelletan calls into question the ldquocivilizationrdquo that France pushes on non-Europeans with violence and force arguing that all humans have basic rights

bull Ferry responds by saying that the Declaration of the Rights of Man doesnrsquot apply to all

bull He also reminds Pelletan that commerce is forced upon the non-Europeans as well

bull 4 According to Ferry why do the French need ports in places like Madagascar and Tunisia

bull Since a warship cannot carry more than 14 daysrsquo worth of coal it was necessary to have provision stations shelters ports for defense and revictualling

212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49)Leno or Conan

bull 1 ldquoGentlemen it (EXCITES EMBARRASSES) me to make such a prolonged demand upon the gracious attention of the Chamber but I believe that the (DUTY PRIVILEGE) I am fulfilling upon this platform is not a (EASY USELESS) onerdquo

________

________

bull 2 ldquohellipthat need felt more and more strongly by the industrial population of Europehellipthe need for (IMPORT EXPORT) markets Is this some kind of (JOKE CHIMERA) Is this a view of the future or is it not rather a (PRESSING PASSING) need and we could say the cry of our (AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIAL) populationrdquo

________

______

______

bull 3 ldquoGentlemen I must speaker from a (HIGHER LOWER) and more truthful (PLANE GROUND) It must be stated openly that in effect (SOME SUPERIOR) races have (RIGHTS ADVANTAGE) over inferior (RACES PEOPLE)rdquo

____ ________

____ ____

bull 4 ldquoIf the declaration of the rights of (HUMANS MAN) was written for the blacks of equatorial Africa then by what right do you impose regular (COMMERCE RULE) upon themrdquo

_________

bull 5 ldquoI (REFUTE REPEAT) that superior races have a (RIGHT ABILITY) because they have a duty They have the duty to (CHRISTIANIZE CIVILIZE) inferior racesrdquo

________

____

bull 6 ldquo[The Republican Party] is quite (UNAWARE AWARE) that one cannot impose upon France a political ideal conforming to that of nations like (INDEPENDENT COLONIAL) Belgium and the (OTTOMAN EMPIRE SWISS REPUBLIC)rdquo

___________

_________

bull 7 ldquoSomething else is needed for France that she cannot be merely a (FREE AVERAGE) country that she must also be a (POWERFUL GREAT) country exercizing all her rightful (POWER INFLUENCE) over the destiny of Europe that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the (WORLD CONTINENT) and carry everywhere that she can her (LANGUAGE CULTURE) her customs her (FLAG BANNER) her arms and her (LEGACY GENIUS)

__ ____________

__________

PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE

bull Section IIbull pp 48-54

THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931

ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the

University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory

of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______

ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century

Martin EvansPortsmith

1997

Algerian 54 62

Twentieth

The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the

bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period

of time

bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend

bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________

bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself

Lyautey77

1854 1934

MoroccanGovernor

en brosse

colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE

standing up like brush bristles

PURPOSES of the Exhibition

bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its

emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious

bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further

reinforced this point

ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________

bull The empire functioned as a large ________________

hearts minds

economicWall Street Crash

Depressiontrading bloc

PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION

bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a

battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary

________________and religious ______________rdquo

ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire

civilizing

light darknesscivilized UNcivilized

feudalism bigotrymodel

bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death

bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little

bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo

~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931

French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating

imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________

stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition

bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo

stamp

cinema broadcasting

a single day

French Colonial Exposition of 1831

bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies

bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture

Greater France110 million

Third

The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos

annexationndash ____th anniversary of the

invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President

_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge

May 6 1931

50

100

ParisBois de Vincennes

1004

Gaston Doumerguecavalry

100

The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France

depicting the country as a colonial genius

bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses

arch

THE GROUNDS

bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying

empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries

mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the

symbolic importance of the Exhibition

Great Hall

frescoes

troops

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________

bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular

attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to

_____________ to keep crowds in control

Angkor Wat

weekends

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

The system of Colonial Expansion

bull can be related to three ideas

bull These ideas are

ldquo_________ideas ideas of ____________

in its highest sense and ideas of p______ and p____________rdquo

economiccivilization

politicspatriotism

Job 1 the economic ideasbull 2 groups feel the need for EXPORT MARKETS

ndash The _______________populations of Europendash The ___________________________France particularly

feels the strainbull France needs EXPORT MARKETS because

ndash _____________treaties of ________have caused problemsndash Markets recently open to France have shrunk (2 countries)

bull Germany has surrounded itself with economic barriersbull The United States has recently made itself protectionist ldquoin the

most extreme senserdquo

bull Other industrialized countries are looking to France as an export market for their own manufactured goods

industrialldquorich and hard workingrdquo

Free trade 1860

Yo Passy I do not mean ldquomean to treat [you] with any ___________rdquo

bull Ferry speaks directly to ndash the _______________ndash including _____________

bull who is present for this speechbull well-respected ___________

economics

bull Ferry speaks against ndash this previous school of economicsndash _________________of France

________________of Englandndash also known as _____________

IRONY

economistsPassy

old school

Jean Baptiste SayAdam Smith

doctrinairesJules Ferry

Say what DOCTRINAIRESldquothe true export markets

are the ____________________which furnish and assure

themrdquo

commercial treaties

Jean Baptiste SayAdam Smith

COMMERCIAL TREATIESbull Ferry believes that commercial treaties

ndash Worked AFTER ____ BEFORE industrial revolution hit full stride ndash DIDNrsquoT work after

bull ldquothe development of science and bull the speeding up of _______________________________________rdquo

bull Competition in the______________market ndash from ________________ did not ruin French agriculturendash No active competition from these 2 countries

bull Americabull India

bull France lived under commercial treaties with ____________and other great powersndash ____________ldquobecame an industrial powerrdquo _____ and _____

bull It takes TWO to TANGOndash The _______________________refuses to make treaties

bull Multiple French officials have reached this conclusion

communicaton

OdessaGRAIN

EnglandGermany 1860 1883

United States

1860

bull point deserves equal attention but

bull Ferry hopes to accomplish it ldquoas quickly as possiblerdquo

bull Ferry condemns the ideas of M Camille ____________________

Point 2 ldquoideas of________________in the highest senserdquocivilization

Pellatan

lsquolsquoWhat is this civilization which you impose with_________________ What is it but another form of________________ Donrsquot these populations these inferior races have the same _______________as you Arenrsquot they masters of their own houses Have they called upon you You come to them against their will you offer them _______________ but not civilizationrsquorsquo

cannonballs

barbarism

rights

violence

bull Ferry condemns the ideas of M Camille Pellatan as political ________________

bull These ideas do not represent politics nor ____________________

bull The FAR LEFT chimes in at this idea

Point 2 ldquoideas of________________in the highest senserdquocivilization

METAPHYSICS

HISTORY

The FAR LEFT

Ah-ah

bull The FAR LEFT eruptsndash M Jules ___________

condemns Jules Ferry for his statement

ndash France proclaimed the _______________________

ldquo_______________races have _____________ rights over inferior racesrdquo

SUPERIOR SUPERIOR

MAIGNE

RIGHTS OF MAN

On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet

Ferry seeks to justify

___________ and the

________ trade

slavery

slave

bull

The French have no right to impose commerce on the ldquoblacks of equatorial Africardquo if they are included in the ____________________

These blacks have not called upon French for ___________________

Dec of the Rights of Man

commerce

THE DEBATE

bull M Raoul Duval ndash states that _____________wishes to impose nothing

upon these Africansndash it is ____________who hopes to do so

bull M Jules Maigne differentiates between ____posing an idea and _____posing an idea

bull M George Perin states that ldquoin any case you cannot bring about commerce by ________rdquo

FRANCEFERRY

PRO IM

force

bull

bull The LEFT

bull The RIGHT and the EXTREME LEFT erupt in new interruptions

SUPERIOR RACES have a______ to civilize INFERIOR RACES

DUTY

HOORAY

>

Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo

bull Ferry borrows a ldquoremarkably precise formulationrdquo from distinguished writer M Pelletan

lsquolsquoIt is a system which consists of seeking out ____________ in the Orient with a circumspect and peaceful seclusion which is actually imposed upon us in Europersquorsquo

compensations

bull I donrsquot like the use of the term ldquo______________rdquo

Irsquoll ward off any injury being inflicted on the French government ldquowith all the force of [my] _______________rdquo

bull THE LEFT amp THE CENTER

compensation

patriotism

HOORAY

>

Certain considerations hellip

bull The current conditions of naval warfare have been alteredbull A warship can only carry _________days worth of coal

ndash Without coal a ship is dead in the water

bull France needs countless reprovisioning stations and shelters in and will hold them in (4 areas)ndash Saigon ndash Tunisia ndash the Mekong Deltandash and Madagascar

bull France also holds the Madagascar ports of ndash Diego-Suarezndash Vohemar

14

bull Global ______________ is increasingndash Some European powers strengthen

___________ and navy in order to compete effectively

ndash Others focus on _______________ growth to overtake competitors

bull A policy of _____________ will only lead to cultural decline

Nations achieve greatness only through the ___________ they developThe ldquopeaceful shining forth of __________________rdquo does not make countries great in this day and age

institutions

competition

military

population

isolation

activities

>

economic

I cannot believe that the monarchy wants to follow a policy of ______________and _____________France does not follow a policy of ldquo______and _______rdquo

modestyreserve

Bread butter

>

economic

Fallen monarchs wish to impose these values on France The ____________ Party will NOT follow the examples of __________ and the _______________The Swiss RepublicBelgium

Republican

>

economic

____France must be both a _______country and a ____ country As much as possible France must influence the destiny of ________________ France has a duty to extend the French

____________________ ________________ and

__________ as much as possible

customs

Europe

free great

flaglanguagearmsgenius

>

211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49)Six score and seven years agohellip

bull 1 What ldquothree orders of ideasrdquo does Jules Ferry say that he will address

bull economic ideas bull ideas of civilization in its highest sense bull and ideas of politics and patriotism

bull 2 According to Ferry what is French industryrsquos biggest need and why

bull French industry needs export markets because many markets have closed to them like ndash Germany and ndash the US

bull 3 Summarize the quote that Ferry reads from M Camille Pellatan and describe how Ferry responds to the quote

bull Pelletan calls into question the ldquocivilizationrdquo that France pushes on non-Europeans with violence and force arguing that all humans have basic rights

bull Ferry responds by saying that the Declaration of the Rights of Man doesnrsquot apply to all

bull He also reminds Pelletan that commerce is forced upon the non-Europeans as well

bull 4 According to Ferry why do the French need ports in places like Madagascar and Tunisia

bull Since a warship cannot carry more than 14 daysrsquo worth of coal it was necessary to have provision stations shelters ports for defense and revictualling

212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49)Leno or Conan

bull 1 ldquoGentlemen it (EXCITES EMBARRASSES) me to make such a prolonged demand upon the gracious attention of the Chamber but I believe that the (DUTY PRIVILEGE) I am fulfilling upon this platform is not a (EASY USELESS) onerdquo

________

________

bull 2 ldquohellipthat need felt more and more strongly by the industrial population of Europehellipthe need for (IMPORT EXPORT) markets Is this some kind of (JOKE CHIMERA) Is this a view of the future or is it not rather a (PRESSING PASSING) need and we could say the cry of our (AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIAL) populationrdquo

________

______

______

bull 3 ldquoGentlemen I must speaker from a (HIGHER LOWER) and more truthful (PLANE GROUND) It must be stated openly that in effect (SOME SUPERIOR) races have (RIGHTS ADVANTAGE) over inferior (RACES PEOPLE)rdquo

____ ________

____ ____

bull 4 ldquoIf the declaration of the rights of (HUMANS MAN) was written for the blacks of equatorial Africa then by what right do you impose regular (COMMERCE RULE) upon themrdquo

_________

bull 5 ldquoI (REFUTE REPEAT) that superior races have a (RIGHT ABILITY) because they have a duty They have the duty to (CHRISTIANIZE CIVILIZE) inferior racesrdquo

________

____

bull 6 ldquo[The Republican Party] is quite (UNAWARE AWARE) that one cannot impose upon France a political ideal conforming to that of nations like (INDEPENDENT COLONIAL) Belgium and the (OTTOMAN EMPIRE SWISS REPUBLIC)rdquo

___________

_________

bull 7 ldquoSomething else is needed for France that she cannot be merely a (FREE AVERAGE) country that she must also be a (POWERFUL GREAT) country exercizing all her rightful (POWER INFLUENCE) over the destiny of Europe that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the (WORLD CONTINENT) and carry everywhere that she can her (LANGUAGE CULTURE) her customs her (FLAG BANNER) her arms and her (LEGACY GENIUS)

__ ____________

__________

PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE

bull Section IIbull pp 48-54

THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931

ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the

University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory

of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______

ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century

Martin EvansPortsmith

1997

Algerian 54 62

Twentieth

The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the

bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period

of time

bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend

bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________

bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself

Lyautey77

1854 1934

MoroccanGovernor

en brosse

colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE

standing up like brush bristles

PURPOSES of the Exhibition

bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its

emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious

bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further

reinforced this point

ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________

bull The empire functioned as a large ________________

hearts minds

economicWall Street Crash

Depressiontrading bloc

PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION

bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a

battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary

________________and religious ______________rdquo

ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire

civilizing

light darknesscivilized UNcivilized

feudalism bigotrymodel

bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death

bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little

bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo

~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931

French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating

imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________

stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition

bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo

stamp

cinema broadcasting

a single day

French Colonial Exposition of 1831

bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies

bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture

Greater France110 million

Third

The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos

annexationndash ____th anniversary of the

invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President

_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge

May 6 1931

50

100

ParisBois de Vincennes

1004

Gaston Doumerguecavalry

100

The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France

depicting the country as a colonial genius

bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses

arch

THE GROUNDS

bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying

empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries

mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the

symbolic importance of the Exhibition

Great Hall

frescoes

troops

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________

bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular

attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to

_____________ to keep crowds in control

Angkor Wat

weekends

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

Job 1 the economic ideasbull 2 groups feel the need for EXPORT MARKETS

ndash The _______________populations of Europendash The ___________________________France particularly

feels the strainbull France needs EXPORT MARKETS because

ndash _____________treaties of ________have caused problemsndash Markets recently open to France have shrunk (2 countries)

bull Germany has surrounded itself with economic barriersbull The United States has recently made itself protectionist ldquoin the

most extreme senserdquo

bull Other industrialized countries are looking to France as an export market for their own manufactured goods

industrialldquorich and hard workingrdquo

Free trade 1860

Yo Passy I do not mean ldquomean to treat [you] with any ___________rdquo

bull Ferry speaks directly to ndash the _______________ndash including _____________

bull who is present for this speechbull well-respected ___________

economics

bull Ferry speaks against ndash this previous school of economicsndash _________________of France

________________of Englandndash also known as _____________

IRONY

economistsPassy

old school

Jean Baptiste SayAdam Smith

doctrinairesJules Ferry

Say what DOCTRINAIRESldquothe true export markets

are the ____________________which furnish and assure

themrdquo

commercial treaties

Jean Baptiste SayAdam Smith

COMMERCIAL TREATIESbull Ferry believes that commercial treaties

ndash Worked AFTER ____ BEFORE industrial revolution hit full stride ndash DIDNrsquoT work after

bull ldquothe development of science and bull the speeding up of _______________________________________rdquo

bull Competition in the______________market ndash from ________________ did not ruin French agriculturendash No active competition from these 2 countries

bull Americabull India

bull France lived under commercial treaties with ____________and other great powersndash ____________ldquobecame an industrial powerrdquo _____ and _____

bull It takes TWO to TANGOndash The _______________________refuses to make treaties

bull Multiple French officials have reached this conclusion

communicaton

OdessaGRAIN

EnglandGermany 1860 1883

United States

1860

bull point deserves equal attention but

bull Ferry hopes to accomplish it ldquoas quickly as possiblerdquo

bull Ferry condemns the ideas of M Camille ____________________

Point 2 ldquoideas of________________in the highest senserdquocivilization

Pellatan

lsquolsquoWhat is this civilization which you impose with_________________ What is it but another form of________________ Donrsquot these populations these inferior races have the same _______________as you Arenrsquot they masters of their own houses Have they called upon you You come to them against their will you offer them _______________ but not civilizationrsquorsquo

cannonballs

barbarism

rights

violence

bull Ferry condemns the ideas of M Camille Pellatan as political ________________

bull These ideas do not represent politics nor ____________________

bull The FAR LEFT chimes in at this idea

Point 2 ldquoideas of________________in the highest senserdquocivilization

METAPHYSICS

HISTORY

The FAR LEFT

Ah-ah

bull The FAR LEFT eruptsndash M Jules ___________

condemns Jules Ferry for his statement

ndash France proclaimed the _______________________

ldquo_______________races have _____________ rights over inferior racesrdquo

SUPERIOR SUPERIOR

MAIGNE

RIGHTS OF MAN

On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet

Ferry seeks to justify

___________ and the

________ trade

slavery

slave

bull

The French have no right to impose commerce on the ldquoblacks of equatorial Africardquo if they are included in the ____________________

These blacks have not called upon French for ___________________

Dec of the Rights of Man

commerce

THE DEBATE

bull M Raoul Duval ndash states that _____________wishes to impose nothing

upon these Africansndash it is ____________who hopes to do so

bull M Jules Maigne differentiates between ____posing an idea and _____posing an idea

bull M George Perin states that ldquoin any case you cannot bring about commerce by ________rdquo

FRANCEFERRY

PRO IM

force

bull

bull The LEFT

bull The RIGHT and the EXTREME LEFT erupt in new interruptions

SUPERIOR RACES have a______ to civilize INFERIOR RACES

DUTY

HOORAY

>

Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo

bull Ferry borrows a ldquoremarkably precise formulationrdquo from distinguished writer M Pelletan

lsquolsquoIt is a system which consists of seeking out ____________ in the Orient with a circumspect and peaceful seclusion which is actually imposed upon us in Europersquorsquo

compensations

bull I donrsquot like the use of the term ldquo______________rdquo

Irsquoll ward off any injury being inflicted on the French government ldquowith all the force of [my] _______________rdquo

bull THE LEFT amp THE CENTER

compensation

patriotism

HOORAY

>

Certain considerations hellip

bull The current conditions of naval warfare have been alteredbull A warship can only carry _________days worth of coal

ndash Without coal a ship is dead in the water

bull France needs countless reprovisioning stations and shelters in and will hold them in (4 areas)ndash Saigon ndash Tunisia ndash the Mekong Deltandash and Madagascar

bull France also holds the Madagascar ports of ndash Diego-Suarezndash Vohemar

14

bull Global ______________ is increasingndash Some European powers strengthen

___________ and navy in order to compete effectively

ndash Others focus on _______________ growth to overtake competitors

bull A policy of _____________ will only lead to cultural decline

Nations achieve greatness only through the ___________ they developThe ldquopeaceful shining forth of __________________rdquo does not make countries great in this day and age

institutions

competition

military

population

isolation

activities

>

economic

I cannot believe that the monarchy wants to follow a policy of ______________and _____________France does not follow a policy of ldquo______and _______rdquo

modestyreserve

Bread butter

>

economic

Fallen monarchs wish to impose these values on France The ____________ Party will NOT follow the examples of __________ and the _______________The Swiss RepublicBelgium

Republican

>

economic

____France must be both a _______country and a ____ country As much as possible France must influence the destiny of ________________ France has a duty to extend the French

____________________ ________________ and

__________ as much as possible

customs

Europe

free great

flaglanguagearmsgenius

>

211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49)Six score and seven years agohellip

bull 1 What ldquothree orders of ideasrdquo does Jules Ferry say that he will address

bull economic ideas bull ideas of civilization in its highest sense bull and ideas of politics and patriotism

bull 2 According to Ferry what is French industryrsquos biggest need and why

bull French industry needs export markets because many markets have closed to them like ndash Germany and ndash the US

bull 3 Summarize the quote that Ferry reads from M Camille Pellatan and describe how Ferry responds to the quote

bull Pelletan calls into question the ldquocivilizationrdquo that France pushes on non-Europeans with violence and force arguing that all humans have basic rights

bull Ferry responds by saying that the Declaration of the Rights of Man doesnrsquot apply to all

bull He also reminds Pelletan that commerce is forced upon the non-Europeans as well

bull 4 According to Ferry why do the French need ports in places like Madagascar and Tunisia

bull Since a warship cannot carry more than 14 daysrsquo worth of coal it was necessary to have provision stations shelters ports for defense and revictualling

212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49)Leno or Conan

bull 1 ldquoGentlemen it (EXCITES EMBARRASSES) me to make such a prolonged demand upon the gracious attention of the Chamber but I believe that the (DUTY PRIVILEGE) I am fulfilling upon this platform is not a (EASY USELESS) onerdquo

________

________

bull 2 ldquohellipthat need felt more and more strongly by the industrial population of Europehellipthe need for (IMPORT EXPORT) markets Is this some kind of (JOKE CHIMERA) Is this a view of the future or is it not rather a (PRESSING PASSING) need and we could say the cry of our (AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIAL) populationrdquo

________

______

______

bull 3 ldquoGentlemen I must speaker from a (HIGHER LOWER) and more truthful (PLANE GROUND) It must be stated openly that in effect (SOME SUPERIOR) races have (RIGHTS ADVANTAGE) over inferior (RACES PEOPLE)rdquo

____ ________

____ ____

bull 4 ldquoIf the declaration of the rights of (HUMANS MAN) was written for the blacks of equatorial Africa then by what right do you impose regular (COMMERCE RULE) upon themrdquo

_________

bull 5 ldquoI (REFUTE REPEAT) that superior races have a (RIGHT ABILITY) because they have a duty They have the duty to (CHRISTIANIZE CIVILIZE) inferior racesrdquo

________

____

bull 6 ldquo[The Republican Party] is quite (UNAWARE AWARE) that one cannot impose upon France a political ideal conforming to that of nations like (INDEPENDENT COLONIAL) Belgium and the (OTTOMAN EMPIRE SWISS REPUBLIC)rdquo

___________

_________

bull 7 ldquoSomething else is needed for France that she cannot be merely a (FREE AVERAGE) country that she must also be a (POWERFUL GREAT) country exercizing all her rightful (POWER INFLUENCE) over the destiny of Europe that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the (WORLD CONTINENT) and carry everywhere that she can her (LANGUAGE CULTURE) her customs her (FLAG BANNER) her arms and her (LEGACY GENIUS)

__ ____________

__________

PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE

bull Section IIbull pp 48-54

THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931

ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the

University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory

of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______

ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century

Martin EvansPortsmith

1997

Algerian 54 62

Twentieth

The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the

bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period

of time

bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend

bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________

bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself

Lyautey77

1854 1934

MoroccanGovernor

en brosse

colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE

standing up like brush bristles

PURPOSES of the Exhibition

bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its

emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious

bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further

reinforced this point

ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________

bull The empire functioned as a large ________________

hearts minds

economicWall Street Crash

Depressiontrading bloc

PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION

bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a

battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary

________________and religious ______________rdquo

ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire

civilizing

light darknesscivilized UNcivilized

feudalism bigotrymodel

bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death

bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little

bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo

~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931

French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating

imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________

stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition

bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo

stamp

cinema broadcasting

a single day

French Colonial Exposition of 1831

bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies

bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture

Greater France110 million

Third

The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos

annexationndash ____th anniversary of the

invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President

_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge

May 6 1931

50

100

ParisBois de Vincennes

1004

Gaston Doumerguecavalry

100

The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France

depicting the country as a colonial genius

bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses

arch

THE GROUNDS

bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying

empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries

mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the

symbolic importance of the Exhibition

Great Hall

frescoes

troops

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________

bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular

attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to

_____________ to keep crowds in control

Angkor Wat

weekends

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

Yo Passy I do not mean ldquomean to treat [you] with any ___________rdquo

bull Ferry speaks directly to ndash the _______________ndash including _____________

bull who is present for this speechbull well-respected ___________

economics

bull Ferry speaks against ndash this previous school of economicsndash _________________of France

________________of Englandndash also known as _____________

IRONY

economistsPassy

old school

Jean Baptiste SayAdam Smith

doctrinairesJules Ferry

Say what DOCTRINAIRESldquothe true export markets

are the ____________________which furnish and assure

themrdquo

commercial treaties

Jean Baptiste SayAdam Smith

COMMERCIAL TREATIESbull Ferry believes that commercial treaties

ndash Worked AFTER ____ BEFORE industrial revolution hit full stride ndash DIDNrsquoT work after

bull ldquothe development of science and bull the speeding up of _______________________________________rdquo

bull Competition in the______________market ndash from ________________ did not ruin French agriculturendash No active competition from these 2 countries

bull Americabull India

bull France lived under commercial treaties with ____________and other great powersndash ____________ldquobecame an industrial powerrdquo _____ and _____

bull It takes TWO to TANGOndash The _______________________refuses to make treaties

bull Multiple French officials have reached this conclusion

communicaton

OdessaGRAIN

EnglandGermany 1860 1883

United States

1860

bull point deserves equal attention but

bull Ferry hopes to accomplish it ldquoas quickly as possiblerdquo

bull Ferry condemns the ideas of M Camille ____________________

Point 2 ldquoideas of________________in the highest senserdquocivilization

Pellatan

lsquolsquoWhat is this civilization which you impose with_________________ What is it but another form of________________ Donrsquot these populations these inferior races have the same _______________as you Arenrsquot they masters of their own houses Have they called upon you You come to them against their will you offer them _______________ but not civilizationrsquorsquo

cannonballs

barbarism

rights

violence

bull Ferry condemns the ideas of M Camille Pellatan as political ________________

bull These ideas do not represent politics nor ____________________

bull The FAR LEFT chimes in at this idea

Point 2 ldquoideas of________________in the highest senserdquocivilization

METAPHYSICS

HISTORY

The FAR LEFT

Ah-ah

bull The FAR LEFT eruptsndash M Jules ___________

condemns Jules Ferry for his statement

ndash France proclaimed the _______________________

ldquo_______________races have _____________ rights over inferior racesrdquo

SUPERIOR SUPERIOR

MAIGNE

RIGHTS OF MAN

On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet

Ferry seeks to justify

___________ and the

________ trade

slavery

slave

bull

The French have no right to impose commerce on the ldquoblacks of equatorial Africardquo if they are included in the ____________________

These blacks have not called upon French for ___________________

Dec of the Rights of Man

commerce

THE DEBATE

bull M Raoul Duval ndash states that _____________wishes to impose nothing

upon these Africansndash it is ____________who hopes to do so

bull M Jules Maigne differentiates between ____posing an idea and _____posing an idea

bull M George Perin states that ldquoin any case you cannot bring about commerce by ________rdquo

FRANCEFERRY

PRO IM

force

bull

bull The LEFT

bull The RIGHT and the EXTREME LEFT erupt in new interruptions

SUPERIOR RACES have a______ to civilize INFERIOR RACES

DUTY

HOORAY

>

Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo

bull Ferry borrows a ldquoremarkably precise formulationrdquo from distinguished writer M Pelletan

lsquolsquoIt is a system which consists of seeking out ____________ in the Orient with a circumspect and peaceful seclusion which is actually imposed upon us in Europersquorsquo

compensations

bull I donrsquot like the use of the term ldquo______________rdquo

Irsquoll ward off any injury being inflicted on the French government ldquowith all the force of [my] _______________rdquo

bull THE LEFT amp THE CENTER

compensation

patriotism

HOORAY

>

Certain considerations hellip

bull The current conditions of naval warfare have been alteredbull A warship can only carry _________days worth of coal

ndash Without coal a ship is dead in the water

bull France needs countless reprovisioning stations and shelters in and will hold them in (4 areas)ndash Saigon ndash Tunisia ndash the Mekong Deltandash and Madagascar

bull France also holds the Madagascar ports of ndash Diego-Suarezndash Vohemar

14

bull Global ______________ is increasingndash Some European powers strengthen

___________ and navy in order to compete effectively

ndash Others focus on _______________ growth to overtake competitors

bull A policy of _____________ will only lead to cultural decline

Nations achieve greatness only through the ___________ they developThe ldquopeaceful shining forth of __________________rdquo does not make countries great in this day and age

institutions

competition

military

population

isolation

activities

>

economic

I cannot believe that the monarchy wants to follow a policy of ______________and _____________France does not follow a policy of ldquo______and _______rdquo

modestyreserve

Bread butter

>

economic

Fallen monarchs wish to impose these values on France The ____________ Party will NOT follow the examples of __________ and the _______________The Swiss RepublicBelgium

Republican

>

economic

____France must be both a _______country and a ____ country As much as possible France must influence the destiny of ________________ France has a duty to extend the French

____________________ ________________ and

__________ as much as possible

customs

Europe

free great

flaglanguagearmsgenius

>

211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49)Six score and seven years agohellip

bull 1 What ldquothree orders of ideasrdquo does Jules Ferry say that he will address

bull economic ideas bull ideas of civilization in its highest sense bull and ideas of politics and patriotism

bull 2 According to Ferry what is French industryrsquos biggest need and why

bull French industry needs export markets because many markets have closed to them like ndash Germany and ndash the US

bull 3 Summarize the quote that Ferry reads from M Camille Pellatan and describe how Ferry responds to the quote

bull Pelletan calls into question the ldquocivilizationrdquo that France pushes on non-Europeans with violence and force arguing that all humans have basic rights

bull Ferry responds by saying that the Declaration of the Rights of Man doesnrsquot apply to all

bull He also reminds Pelletan that commerce is forced upon the non-Europeans as well

bull 4 According to Ferry why do the French need ports in places like Madagascar and Tunisia

bull Since a warship cannot carry more than 14 daysrsquo worth of coal it was necessary to have provision stations shelters ports for defense and revictualling

212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49)Leno or Conan

bull 1 ldquoGentlemen it (EXCITES EMBARRASSES) me to make such a prolonged demand upon the gracious attention of the Chamber but I believe that the (DUTY PRIVILEGE) I am fulfilling upon this platform is not a (EASY USELESS) onerdquo

________

________

bull 2 ldquohellipthat need felt more and more strongly by the industrial population of Europehellipthe need for (IMPORT EXPORT) markets Is this some kind of (JOKE CHIMERA) Is this a view of the future or is it not rather a (PRESSING PASSING) need and we could say the cry of our (AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIAL) populationrdquo

________

______

______

bull 3 ldquoGentlemen I must speaker from a (HIGHER LOWER) and more truthful (PLANE GROUND) It must be stated openly that in effect (SOME SUPERIOR) races have (RIGHTS ADVANTAGE) over inferior (RACES PEOPLE)rdquo

____ ________

____ ____

bull 4 ldquoIf the declaration of the rights of (HUMANS MAN) was written for the blacks of equatorial Africa then by what right do you impose regular (COMMERCE RULE) upon themrdquo

_________

bull 5 ldquoI (REFUTE REPEAT) that superior races have a (RIGHT ABILITY) because they have a duty They have the duty to (CHRISTIANIZE CIVILIZE) inferior racesrdquo

________

____

bull 6 ldquo[The Republican Party] is quite (UNAWARE AWARE) that one cannot impose upon France a political ideal conforming to that of nations like (INDEPENDENT COLONIAL) Belgium and the (OTTOMAN EMPIRE SWISS REPUBLIC)rdquo

___________

_________

bull 7 ldquoSomething else is needed for France that she cannot be merely a (FREE AVERAGE) country that she must also be a (POWERFUL GREAT) country exercizing all her rightful (POWER INFLUENCE) over the destiny of Europe that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the (WORLD CONTINENT) and carry everywhere that she can her (LANGUAGE CULTURE) her customs her (FLAG BANNER) her arms and her (LEGACY GENIUS)

__ ____________

__________

PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE

bull Section IIbull pp 48-54

THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931

ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the

University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory

of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______

ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century

Martin EvansPortsmith

1997

Algerian 54 62

Twentieth

The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the

bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period

of time

bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend

bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________

bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself

Lyautey77

1854 1934

MoroccanGovernor

en brosse

colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE

standing up like brush bristles

PURPOSES of the Exhibition

bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its

emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious

bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further

reinforced this point

ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________

bull The empire functioned as a large ________________

hearts minds

economicWall Street Crash

Depressiontrading bloc

PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION

bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a

battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary

________________and religious ______________rdquo

ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire

civilizing

light darknesscivilized UNcivilized

feudalism bigotrymodel

bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death

bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little

bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo

~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931

French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating

imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________

stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition

bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo

stamp

cinema broadcasting

a single day

French Colonial Exposition of 1831

bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies

bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture

Greater France110 million

Third

The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos

annexationndash ____th anniversary of the

invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President

_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge

May 6 1931

50

100

ParisBois de Vincennes

1004

Gaston Doumerguecavalry

100

The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France

depicting the country as a colonial genius

bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses

arch

THE GROUNDS

bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying

empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries

mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the

symbolic importance of the Exhibition

Great Hall

frescoes

troops

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________

bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular

attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to

_____________ to keep crowds in control

Angkor Wat

weekends

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

Say what DOCTRINAIRESldquothe true export markets

are the ____________________which furnish and assure

themrdquo

commercial treaties

Jean Baptiste SayAdam Smith

COMMERCIAL TREATIESbull Ferry believes that commercial treaties

ndash Worked AFTER ____ BEFORE industrial revolution hit full stride ndash DIDNrsquoT work after

bull ldquothe development of science and bull the speeding up of _______________________________________rdquo

bull Competition in the______________market ndash from ________________ did not ruin French agriculturendash No active competition from these 2 countries

bull Americabull India

bull France lived under commercial treaties with ____________and other great powersndash ____________ldquobecame an industrial powerrdquo _____ and _____

bull It takes TWO to TANGOndash The _______________________refuses to make treaties

bull Multiple French officials have reached this conclusion

communicaton

OdessaGRAIN

EnglandGermany 1860 1883

United States

1860

bull point deserves equal attention but

bull Ferry hopes to accomplish it ldquoas quickly as possiblerdquo

bull Ferry condemns the ideas of M Camille ____________________

Point 2 ldquoideas of________________in the highest senserdquocivilization

Pellatan

lsquolsquoWhat is this civilization which you impose with_________________ What is it but another form of________________ Donrsquot these populations these inferior races have the same _______________as you Arenrsquot they masters of their own houses Have they called upon you You come to them against their will you offer them _______________ but not civilizationrsquorsquo

cannonballs

barbarism

rights

violence

bull Ferry condemns the ideas of M Camille Pellatan as political ________________

bull These ideas do not represent politics nor ____________________

bull The FAR LEFT chimes in at this idea

Point 2 ldquoideas of________________in the highest senserdquocivilization

METAPHYSICS

HISTORY

The FAR LEFT

Ah-ah

bull The FAR LEFT eruptsndash M Jules ___________

condemns Jules Ferry for his statement

ndash France proclaimed the _______________________

ldquo_______________races have _____________ rights over inferior racesrdquo

SUPERIOR SUPERIOR

MAIGNE

RIGHTS OF MAN

On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet

Ferry seeks to justify

___________ and the

________ trade

slavery

slave

bull

The French have no right to impose commerce on the ldquoblacks of equatorial Africardquo if they are included in the ____________________

These blacks have not called upon French for ___________________

Dec of the Rights of Man

commerce

THE DEBATE

bull M Raoul Duval ndash states that _____________wishes to impose nothing

upon these Africansndash it is ____________who hopes to do so

bull M Jules Maigne differentiates between ____posing an idea and _____posing an idea

bull M George Perin states that ldquoin any case you cannot bring about commerce by ________rdquo

FRANCEFERRY

PRO IM

force

bull

bull The LEFT

bull The RIGHT and the EXTREME LEFT erupt in new interruptions

SUPERIOR RACES have a______ to civilize INFERIOR RACES

DUTY

HOORAY

>

Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo

bull Ferry borrows a ldquoremarkably precise formulationrdquo from distinguished writer M Pelletan

lsquolsquoIt is a system which consists of seeking out ____________ in the Orient with a circumspect and peaceful seclusion which is actually imposed upon us in Europersquorsquo

compensations

bull I donrsquot like the use of the term ldquo______________rdquo

Irsquoll ward off any injury being inflicted on the French government ldquowith all the force of [my] _______________rdquo

bull THE LEFT amp THE CENTER

compensation

patriotism

HOORAY

>

Certain considerations hellip

bull The current conditions of naval warfare have been alteredbull A warship can only carry _________days worth of coal

ndash Without coal a ship is dead in the water

bull France needs countless reprovisioning stations and shelters in and will hold them in (4 areas)ndash Saigon ndash Tunisia ndash the Mekong Deltandash and Madagascar

bull France also holds the Madagascar ports of ndash Diego-Suarezndash Vohemar

14

bull Global ______________ is increasingndash Some European powers strengthen

___________ and navy in order to compete effectively

ndash Others focus on _______________ growth to overtake competitors

bull A policy of _____________ will only lead to cultural decline

Nations achieve greatness only through the ___________ they developThe ldquopeaceful shining forth of __________________rdquo does not make countries great in this day and age

institutions

competition

military

population

isolation

activities

>

economic

I cannot believe that the monarchy wants to follow a policy of ______________and _____________France does not follow a policy of ldquo______and _______rdquo

modestyreserve

Bread butter

>

economic

Fallen monarchs wish to impose these values on France The ____________ Party will NOT follow the examples of __________ and the _______________The Swiss RepublicBelgium

Republican

>

economic

____France must be both a _______country and a ____ country As much as possible France must influence the destiny of ________________ France has a duty to extend the French

____________________ ________________ and

__________ as much as possible

customs

Europe

free great

flaglanguagearmsgenius

>

211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49)Six score and seven years agohellip

bull 1 What ldquothree orders of ideasrdquo does Jules Ferry say that he will address

bull economic ideas bull ideas of civilization in its highest sense bull and ideas of politics and patriotism

bull 2 According to Ferry what is French industryrsquos biggest need and why

bull French industry needs export markets because many markets have closed to them like ndash Germany and ndash the US

bull 3 Summarize the quote that Ferry reads from M Camille Pellatan and describe how Ferry responds to the quote

bull Pelletan calls into question the ldquocivilizationrdquo that France pushes on non-Europeans with violence and force arguing that all humans have basic rights

bull Ferry responds by saying that the Declaration of the Rights of Man doesnrsquot apply to all

bull He also reminds Pelletan that commerce is forced upon the non-Europeans as well

bull 4 According to Ferry why do the French need ports in places like Madagascar and Tunisia

bull Since a warship cannot carry more than 14 daysrsquo worth of coal it was necessary to have provision stations shelters ports for defense and revictualling

212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49)Leno or Conan

bull 1 ldquoGentlemen it (EXCITES EMBARRASSES) me to make such a prolonged demand upon the gracious attention of the Chamber but I believe that the (DUTY PRIVILEGE) I am fulfilling upon this platform is not a (EASY USELESS) onerdquo

________

________

bull 2 ldquohellipthat need felt more and more strongly by the industrial population of Europehellipthe need for (IMPORT EXPORT) markets Is this some kind of (JOKE CHIMERA) Is this a view of the future or is it not rather a (PRESSING PASSING) need and we could say the cry of our (AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIAL) populationrdquo

________

______

______

bull 3 ldquoGentlemen I must speaker from a (HIGHER LOWER) and more truthful (PLANE GROUND) It must be stated openly that in effect (SOME SUPERIOR) races have (RIGHTS ADVANTAGE) over inferior (RACES PEOPLE)rdquo

____ ________

____ ____

bull 4 ldquoIf the declaration of the rights of (HUMANS MAN) was written for the blacks of equatorial Africa then by what right do you impose regular (COMMERCE RULE) upon themrdquo

_________

bull 5 ldquoI (REFUTE REPEAT) that superior races have a (RIGHT ABILITY) because they have a duty They have the duty to (CHRISTIANIZE CIVILIZE) inferior racesrdquo

________

____

bull 6 ldquo[The Republican Party] is quite (UNAWARE AWARE) that one cannot impose upon France a political ideal conforming to that of nations like (INDEPENDENT COLONIAL) Belgium and the (OTTOMAN EMPIRE SWISS REPUBLIC)rdquo

___________

_________

bull 7 ldquoSomething else is needed for France that she cannot be merely a (FREE AVERAGE) country that she must also be a (POWERFUL GREAT) country exercizing all her rightful (POWER INFLUENCE) over the destiny of Europe that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the (WORLD CONTINENT) and carry everywhere that she can her (LANGUAGE CULTURE) her customs her (FLAG BANNER) her arms and her (LEGACY GENIUS)

__ ____________

__________

PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE

bull Section IIbull pp 48-54

THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931

ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the

University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory

of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______

ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century

Martin EvansPortsmith

1997

Algerian 54 62

Twentieth

The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the

bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period

of time

bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend

bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________

bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself

Lyautey77

1854 1934

MoroccanGovernor

en brosse

colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE

standing up like brush bristles

PURPOSES of the Exhibition

bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its

emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious

bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further

reinforced this point

ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________

bull The empire functioned as a large ________________

hearts minds

economicWall Street Crash

Depressiontrading bloc

PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION

bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a

battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary

________________and religious ______________rdquo

ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire

civilizing

light darknesscivilized UNcivilized

feudalism bigotrymodel

bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death

bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little

bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo

~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931

French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating

imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________

stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition

bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo

stamp

cinema broadcasting

a single day

French Colonial Exposition of 1831

bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies

bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture

Greater France110 million

Third

The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos

annexationndash ____th anniversary of the

invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President

_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge

May 6 1931

50

100

ParisBois de Vincennes

1004

Gaston Doumerguecavalry

100

The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France

depicting the country as a colonial genius

bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses

arch

THE GROUNDS

bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying

empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries

mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the

symbolic importance of the Exhibition

Great Hall

frescoes

troops

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________

bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular

attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to

_____________ to keep crowds in control

Angkor Wat

weekends

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

COMMERCIAL TREATIESbull Ferry believes that commercial treaties

ndash Worked AFTER ____ BEFORE industrial revolution hit full stride ndash DIDNrsquoT work after

bull ldquothe development of science and bull the speeding up of _______________________________________rdquo

bull Competition in the______________market ndash from ________________ did not ruin French agriculturendash No active competition from these 2 countries

bull Americabull India

bull France lived under commercial treaties with ____________and other great powersndash ____________ldquobecame an industrial powerrdquo _____ and _____

bull It takes TWO to TANGOndash The _______________________refuses to make treaties

bull Multiple French officials have reached this conclusion

communicaton

OdessaGRAIN

EnglandGermany 1860 1883

United States

1860

bull point deserves equal attention but

bull Ferry hopes to accomplish it ldquoas quickly as possiblerdquo

bull Ferry condemns the ideas of M Camille ____________________

Point 2 ldquoideas of________________in the highest senserdquocivilization

Pellatan

lsquolsquoWhat is this civilization which you impose with_________________ What is it but another form of________________ Donrsquot these populations these inferior races have the same _______________as you Arenrsquot they masters of their own houses Have they called upon you You come to them against their will you offer them _______________ but not civilizationrsquorsquo

cannonballs

barbarism

rights

violence

bull Ferry condemns the ideas of M Camille Pellatan as political ________________

bull These ideas do not represent politics nor ____________________

bull The FAR LEFT chimes in at this idea

Point 2 ldquoideas of________________in the highest senserdquocivilization

METAPHYSICS

HISTORY

The FAR LEFT

Ah-ah

bull The FAR LEFT eruptsndash M Jules ___________

condemns Jules Ferry for his statement

ndash France proclaimed the _______________________

ldquo_______________races have _____________ rights over inferior racesrdquo

SUPERIOR SUPERIOR

MAIGNE

RIGHTS OF MAN

On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet

Ferry seeks to justify

___________ and the

________ trade

slavery

slave

bull

The French have no right to impose commerce on the ldquoblacks of equatorial Africardquo if they are included in the ____________________

These blacks have not called upon French for ___________________

Dec of the Rights of Man

commerce

THE DEBATE

bull M Raoul Duval ndash states that _____________wishes to impose nothing

upon these Africansndash it is ____________who hopes to do so

bull M Jules Maigne differentiates between ____posing an idea and _____posing an idea

bull M George Perin states that ldquoin any case you cannot bring about commerce by ________rdquo

FRANCEFERRY

PRO IM

force

bull

bull The LEFT

bull The RIGHT and the EXTREME LEFT erupt in new interruptions

SUPERIOR RACES have a______ to civilize INFERIOR RACES

DUTY

HOORAY

>

Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo

bull Ferry borrows a ldquoremarkably precise formulationrdquo from distinguished writer M Pelletan

lsquolsquoIt is a system which consists of seeking out ____________ in the Orient with a circumspect and peaceful seclusion which is actually imposed upon us in Europersquorsquo

compensations

bull I donrsquot like the use of the term ldquo______________rdquo

Irsquoll ward off any injury being inflicted on the French government ldquowith all the force of [my] _______________rdquo

bull THE LEFT amp THE CENTER

compensation

patriotism

HOORAY

>

Certain considerations hellip

bull The current conditions of naval warfare have been alteredbull A warship can only carry _________days worth of coal

ndash Without coal a ship is dead in the water

bull France needs countless reprovisioning stations and shelters in and will hold them in (4 areas)ndash Saigon ndash Tunisia ndash the Mekong Deltandash and Madagascar

bull France also holds the Madagascar ports of ndash Diego-Suarezndash Vohemar

14

bull Global ______________ is increasingndash Some European powers strengthen

___________ and navy in order to compete effectively

ndash Others focus on _______________ growth to overtake competitors

bull A policy of _____________ will only lead to cultural decline

Nations achieve greatness only through the ___________ they developThe ldquopeaceful shining forth of __________________rdquo does not make countries great in this day and age

institutions

competition

military

population

isolation

activities

>

economic

I cannot believe that the monarchy wants to follow a policy of ______________and _____________France does not follow a policy of ldquo______and _______rdquo

modestyreserve

Bread butter

>

economic

Fallen monarchs wish to impose these values on France The ____________ Party will NOT follow the examples of __________ and the _______________The Swiss RepublicBelgium

Republican

>

economic

____France must be both a _______country and a ____ country As much as possible France must influence the destiny of ________________ France has a duty to extend the French

____________________ ________________ and

__________ as much as possible

customs

Europe

free great

flaglanguagearmsgenius

>

211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49)Six score and seven years agohellip

bull 1 What ldquothree orders of ideasrdquo does Jules Ferry say that he will address

bull economic ideas bull ideas of civilization in its highest sense bull and ideas of politics and patriotism

bull 2 According to Ferry what is French industryrsquos biggest need and why

bull French industry needs export markets because many markets have closed to them like ndash Germany and ndash the US

bull 3 Summarize the quote that Ferry reads from M Camille Pellatan and describe how Ferry responds to the quote

bull Pelletan calls into question the ldquocivilizationrdquo that France pushes on non-Europeans with violence and force arguing that all humans have basic rights

bull Ferry responds by saying that the Declaration of the Rights of Man doesnrsquot apply to all

bull He also reminds Pelletan that commerce is forced upon the non-Europeans as well

bull 4 According to Ferry why do the French need ports in places like Madagascar and Tunisia

bull Since a warship cannot carry more than 14 daysrsquo worth of coal it was necessary to have provision stations shelters ports for defense and revictualling

212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49)Leno or Conan

bull 1 ldquoGentlemen it (EXCITES EMBARRASSES) me to make such a prolonged demand upon the gracious attention of the Chamber but I believe that the (DUTY PRIVILEGE) I am fulfilling upon this platform is not a (EASY USELESS) onerdquo

________

________

bull 2 ldquohellipthat need felt more and more strongly by the industrial population of Europehellipthe need for (IMPORT EXPORT) markets Is this some kind of (JOKE CHIMERA) Is this a view of the future or is it not rather a (PRESSING PASSING) need and we could say the cry of our (AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIAL) populationrdquo

________

______

______

bull 3 ldquoGentlemen I must speaker from a (HIGHER LOWER) and more truthful (PLANE GROUND) It must be stated openly that in effect (SOME SUPERIOR) races have (RIGHTS ADVANTAGE) over inferior (RACES PEOPLE)rdquo

____ ________

____ ____

bull 4 ldquoIf the declaration of the rights of (HUMANS MAN) was written for the blacks of equatorial Africa then by what right do you impose regular (COMMERCE RULE) upon themrdquo

_________

bull 5 ldquoI (REFUTE REPEAT) that superior races have a (RIGHT ABILITY) because they have a duty They have the duty to (CHRISTIANIZE CIVILIZE) inferior racesrdquo

________

____

bull 6 ldquo[The Republican Party] is quite (UNAWARE AWARE) that one cannot impose upon France a political ideal conforming to that of nations like (INDEPENDENT COLONIAL) Belgium and the (OTTOMAN EMPIRE SWISS REPUBLIC)rdquo

___________

_________

bull 7 ldquoSomething else is needed for France that she cannot be merely a (FREE AVERAGE) country that she must also be a (POWERFUL GREAT) country exercizing all her rightful (POWER INFLUENCE) over the destiny of Europe that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the (WORLD CONTINENT) and carry everywhere that she can her (LANGUAGE CULTURE) her customs her (FLAG BANNER) her arms and her (LEGACY GENIUS)

__ ____________

__________

PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE

bull Section IIbull pp 48-54

THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931

ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the

University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory

of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______

ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century

Martin EvansPortsmith

1997

Algerian 54 62

Twentieth

The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the

bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period

of time

bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend

bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________

bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself

Lyautey77

1854 1934

MoroccanGovernor

en brosse

colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE

standing up like brush bristles

PURPOSES of the Exhibition

bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its

emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious

bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further

reinforced this point

ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________

bull The empire functioned as a large ________________

hearts minds

economicWall Street Crash

Depressiontrading bloc

PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION

bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a

battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary

________________and religious ______________rdquo

ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire

civilizing

light darknesscivilized UNcivilized

feudalism bigotrymodel

bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death

bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little

bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo

~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931

French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating

imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________

stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition

bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo

stamp

cinema broadcasting

a single day

French Colonial Exposition of 1831

bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies

bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture

Greater France110 million

Third

The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos

annexationndash ____th anniversary of the

invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President

_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge

May 6 1931

50

100

ParisBois de Vincennes

1004

Gaston Doumerguecavalry

100

The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France

depicting the country as a colonial genius

bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses

arch

THE GROUNDS

bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying

empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries

mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the

symbolic importance of the Exhibition

Great Hall

frescoes

troops

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________

bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular

attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to

_____________ to keep crowds in control

Angkor Wat

weekends

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

bull point deserves equal attention but

bull Ferry hopes to accomplish it ldquoas quickly as possiblerdquo

bull Ferry condemns the ideas of M Camille ____________________

Point 2 ldquoideas of________________in the highest senserdquocivilization

Pellatan

lsquolsquoWhat is this civilization which you impose with_________________ What is it but another form of________________ Donrsquot these populations these inferior races have the same _______________as you Arenrsquot they masters of their own houses Have they called upon you You come to them against their will you offer them _______________ but not civilizationrsquorsquo

cannonballs

barbarism

rights

violence

bull Ferry condemns the ideas of M Camille Pellatan as political ________________

bull These ideas do not represent politics nor ____________________

bull The FAR LEFT chimes in at this idea

Point 2 ldquoideas of________________in the highest senserdquocivilization

METAPHYSICS

HISTORY

The FAR LEFT

Ah-ah

bull The FAR LEFT eruptsndash M Jules ___________

condemns Jules Ferry for his statement

ndash France proclaimed the _______________________

ldquo_______________races have _____________ rights over inferior racesrdquo

SUPERIOR SUPERIOR

MAIGNE

RIGHTS OF MAN

On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet

Ferry seeks to justify

___________ and the

________ trade

slavery

slave

bull

The French have no right to impose commerce on the ldquoblacks of equatorial Africardquo if they are included in the ____________________

These blacks have not called upon French for ___________________

Dec of the Rights of Man

commerce

THE DEBATE

bull M Raoul Duval ndash states that _____________wishes to impose nothing

upon these Africansndash it is ____________who hopes to do so

bull M Jules Maigne differentiates between ____posing an idea and _____posing an idea

bull M George Perin states that ldquoin any case you cannot bring about commerce by ________rdquo

FRANCEFERRY

PRO IM

force

bull

bull The LEFT

bull The RIGHT and the EXTREME LEFT erupt in new interruptions

SUPERIOR RACES have a______ to civilize INFERIOR RACES

DUTY

HOORAY

>

Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo

bull Ferry borrows a ldquoremarkably precise formulationrdquo from distinguished writer M Pelletan

lsquolsquoIt is a system which consists of seeking out ____________ in the Orient with a circumspect and peaceful seclusion which is actually imposed upon us in Europersquorsquo

compensations

bull I donrsquot like the use of the term ldquo______________rdquo

Irsquoll ward off any injury being inflicted on the French government ldquowith all the force of [my] _______________rdquo

bull THE LEFT amp THE CENTER

compensation

patriotism

HOORAY

>

Certain considerations hellip

bull The current conditions of naval warfare have been alteredbull A warship can only carry _________days worth of coal

ndash Without coal a ship is dead in the water

bull France needs countless reprovisioning stations and shelters in and will hold them in (4 areas)ndash Saigon ndash Tunisia ndash the Mekong Deltandash and Madagascar

bull France also holds the Madagascar ports of ndash Diego-Suarezndash Vohemar

14

bull Global ______________ is increasingndash Some European powers strengthen

___________ and navy in order to compete effectively

ndash Others focus on _______________ growth to overtake competitors

bull A policy of _____________ will only lead to cultural decline

Nations achieve greatness only through the ___________ they developThe ldquopeaceful shining forth of __________________rdquo does not make countries great in this day and age

institutions

competition

military

population

isolation

activities

>

economic

I cannot believe that the monarchy wants to follow a policy of ______________and _____________France does not follow a policy of ldquo______and _______rdquo

modestyreserve

Bread butter

>

economic

Fallen monarchs wish to impose these values on France The ____________ Party will NOT follow the examples of __________ and the _______________The Swiss RepublicBelgium

Republican

>

economic

____France must be both a _______country and a ____ country As much as possible France must influence the destiny of ________________ France has a duty to extend the French

____________________ ________________ and

__________ as much as possible

customs

Europe

free great

flaglanguagearmsgenius

>

211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49)Six score and seven years agohellip

bull 1 What ldquothree orders of ideasrdquo does Jules Ferry say that he will address

bull economic ideas bull ideas of civilization in its highest sense bull and ideas of politics and patriotism

bull 2 According to Ferry what is French industryrsquos biggest need and why

bull French industry needs export markets because many markets have closed to them like ndash Germany and ndash the US

bull 3 Summarize the quote that Ferry reads from M Camille Pellatan and describe how Ferry responds to the quote

bull Pelletan calls into question the ldquocivilizationrdquo that France pushes on non-Europeans with violence and force arguing that all humans have basic rights

bull Ferry responds by saying that the Declaration of the Rights of Man doesnrsquot apply to all

bull He also reminds Pelletan that commerce is forced upon the non-Europeans as well

bull 4 According to Ferry why do the French need ports in places like Madagascar and Tunisia

bull Since a warship cannot carry more than 14 daysrsquo worth of coal it was necessary to have provision stations shelters ports for defense and revictualling

212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49)Leno or Conan

bull 1 ldquoGentlemen it (EXCITES EMBARRASSES) me to make such a prolonged demand upon the gracious attention of the Chamber but I believe that the (DUTY PRIVILEGE) I am fulfilling upon this platform is not a (EASY USELESS) onerdquo

________

________

bull 2 ldquohellipthat need felt more and more strongly by the industrial population of Europehellipthe need for (IMPORT EXPORT) markets Is this some kind of (JOKE CHIMERA) Is this a view of the future or is it not rather a (PRESSING PASSING) need and we could say the cry of our (AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIAL) populationrdquo

________

______

______

bull 3 ldquoGentlemen I must speaker from a (HIGHER LOWER) and more truthful (PLANE GROUND) It must be stated openly that in effect (SOME SUPERIOR) races have (RIGHTS ADVANTAGE) over inferior (RACES PEOPLE)rdquo

____ ________

____ ____

bull 4 ldquoIf the declaration of the rights of (HUMANS MAN) was written for the blacks of equatorial Africa then by what right do you impose regular (COMMERCE RULE) upon themrdquo

_________

bull 5 ldquoI (REFUTE REPEAT) that superior races have a (RIGHT ABILITY) because they have a duty They have the duty to (CHRISTIANIZE CIVILIZE) inferior racesrdquo

________

____

bull 6 ldquo[The Republican Party] is quite (UNAWARE AWARE) that one cannot impose upon France a political ideal conforming to that of nations like (INDEPENDENT COLONIAL) Belgium and the (OTTOMAN EMPIRE SWISS REPUBLIC)rdquo

___________

_________

bull 7 ldquoSomething else is needed for France that she cannot be merely a (FREE AVERAGE) country that she must also be a (POWERFUL GREAT) country exercizing all her rightful (POWER INFLUENCE) over the destiny of Europe that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the (WORLD CONTINENT) and carry everywhere that she can her (LANGUAGE CULTURE) her customs her (FLAG BANNER) her arms and her (LEGACY GENIUS)

__ ____________

__________

PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE

bull Section IIbull pp 48-54

THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931

ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the

University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory

of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______

ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century

Martin EvansPortsmith

1997

Algerian 54 62

Twentieth

The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the

bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period

of time

bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend

bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________

bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself

Lyautey77

1854 1934

MoroccanGovernor

en brosse

colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE

standing up like brush bristles

PURPOSES of the Exhibition

bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its

emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious

bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further

reinforced this point

ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________

bull The empire functioned as a large ________________

hearts minds

economicWall Street Crash

Depressiontrading bloc

PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION

bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a

battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary

________________and religious ______________rdquo

ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire

civilizing

light darknesscivilized UNcivilized

feudalism bigotrymodel

bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death

bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little

bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo

~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931

French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating

imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________

stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition

bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo

stamp

cinema broadcasting

a single day

French Colonial Exposition of 1831

bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies

bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture

Greater France110 million

Third

The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos

annexationndash ____th anniversary of the

invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President

_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge

May 6 1931

50

100

ParisBois de Vincennes

1004

Gaston Doumerguecavalry

100

The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France

depicting the country as a colonial genius

bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses

arch

THE GROUNDS

bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying

empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries

mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the

symbolic importance of the Exhibition

Great Hall

frescoes

troops

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________

bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular

attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to

_____________ to keep crowds in control

Angkor Wat

weekends

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

lsquolsquoWhat is this civilization which you impose with_________________ What is it but another form of________________ Donrsquot these populations these inferior races have the same _______________as you Arenrsquot they masters of their own houses Have they called upon you You come to them against their will you offer them _______________ but not civilizationrsquorsquo

cannonballs

barbarism

rights

violence

bull Ferry condemns the ideas of M Camille Pellatan as political ________________

bull These ideas do not represent politics nor ____________________

bull The FAR LEFT chimes in at this idea

Point 2 ldquoideas of________________in the highest senserdquocivilization

METAPHYSICS

HISTORY

The FAR LEFT

Ah-ah

bull The FAR LEFT eruptsndash M Jules ___________

condemns Jules Ferry for his statement

ndash France proclaimed the _______________________

ldquo_______________races have _____________ rights over inferior racesrdquo

SUPERIOR SUPERIOR

MAIGNE

RIGHTS OF MAN

On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet

Ferry seeks to justify

___________ and the

________ trade

slavery

slave

bull

The French have no right to impose commerce on the ldquoblacks of equatorial Africardquo if they are included in the ____________________

These blacks have not called upon French for ___________________

Dec of the Rights of Man

commerce

THE DEBATE

bull M Raoul Duval ndash states that _____________wishes to impose nothing

upon these Africansndash it is ____________who hopes to do so

bull M Jules Maigne differentiates between ____posing an idea and _____posing an idea

bull M George Perin states that ldquoin any case you cannot bring about commerce by ________rdquo

FRANCEFERRY

PRO IM

force

bull

bull The LEFT

bull The RIGHT and the EXTREME LEFT erupt in new interruptions

SUPERIOR RACES have a______ to civilize INFERIOR RACES

DUTY

HOORAY

>

Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo

bull Ferry borrows a ldquoremarkably precise formulationrdquo from distinguished writer M Pelletan

lsquolsquoIt is a system which consists of seeking out ____________ in the Orient with a circumspect and peaceful seclusion which is actually imposed upon us in Europersquorsquo

compensations

bull I donrsquot like the use of the term ldquo______________rdquo

Irsquoll ward off any injury being inflicted on the French government ldquowith all the force of [my] _______________rdquo

bull THE LEFT amp THE CENTER

compensation

patriotism

HOORAY

>

Certain considerations hellip

bull The current conditions of naval warfare have been alteredbull A warship can only carry _________days worth of coal

ndash Without coal a ship is dead in the water

bull France needs countless reprovisioning stations and shelters in and will hold them in (4 areas)ndash Saigon ndash Tunisia ndash the Mekong Deltandash and Madagascar

bull France also holds the Madagascar ports of ndash Diego-Suarezndash Vohemar

14

bull Global ______________ is increasingndash Some European powers strengthen

___________ and navy in order to compete effectively

ndash Others focus on _______________ growth to overtake competitors

bull A policy of _____________ will only lead to cultural decline

Nations achieve greatness only through the ___________ they developThe ldquopeaceful shining forth of __________________rdquo does not make countries great in this day and age

institutions

competition

military

population

isolation

activities

>

economic

I cannot believe that the monarchy wants to follow a policy of ______________and _____________France does not follow a policy of ldquo______and _______rdquo

modestyreserve

Bread butter

>

economic

Fallen monarchs wish to impose these values on France The ____________ Party will NOT follow the examples of __________ and the _______________The Swiss RepublicBelgium

Republican

>

economic

____France must be both a _______country and a ____ country As much as possible France must influence the destiny of ________________ France has a duty to extend the French

____________________ ________________ and

__________ as much as possible

customs

Europe

free great

flaglanguagearmsgenius

>

211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49)Six score and seven years agohellip

bull 1 What ldquothree orders of ideasrdquo does Jules Ferry say that he will address

bull economic ideas bull ideas of civilization in its highest sense bull and ideas of politics and patriotism

bull 2 According to Ferry what is French industryrsquos biggest need and why

bull French industry needs export markets because many markets have closed to them like ndash Germany and ndash the US

bull 3 Summarize the quote that Ferry reads from M Camille Pellatan and describe how Ferry responds to the quote

bull Pelletan calls into question the ldquocivilizationrdquo that France pushes on non-Europeans with violence and force arguing that all humans have basic rights

bull Ferry responds by saying that the Declaration of the Rights of Man doesnrsquot apply to all

bull He also reminds Pelletan that commerce is forced upon the non-Europeans as well

bull 4 According to Ferry why do the French need ports in places like Madagascar and Tunisia

bull Since a warship cannot carry more than 14 daysrsquo worth of coal it was necessary to have provision stations shelters ports for defense and revictualling

212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49)Leno or Conan

bull 1 ldquoGentlemen it (EXCITES EMBARRASSES) me to make such a prolonged demand upon the gracious attention of the Chamber but I believe that the (DUTY PRIVILEGE) I am fulfilling upon this platform is not a (EASY USELESS) onerdquo

________

________

bull 2 ldquohellipthat need felt more and more strongly by the industrial population of Europehellipthe need for (IMPORT EXPORT) markets Is this some kind of (JOKE CHIMERA) Is this a view of the future or is it not rather a (PRESSING PASSING) need and we could say the cry of our (AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIAL) populationrdquo

________

______

______

bull 3 ldquoGentlemen I must speaker from a (HIGHER LOWER) and more truthful (PLANE GROUND) It must be stated openly that in effect (SOME SUPERIOR) races have (RIGHTS ADVANTAGE) over inferior (RACES PEOPLE)rdquo

____ ________

____ ____

bull 4 ldquoIf the declaration of the rights of (HUMANS MAN) was written for the blacks of equatorial Africa then by what right do you impose regular (COMMERCE RULE) upon themrdquo

_________

bull 5 ldquoI (REFUTE REPEAT) that superior races have a (RIGHT ABILITY) because they have a duty They have the duty to (CHRISTIANIZE CIVILIZE) inferior racesrdquo

________

____

bull 6 ldquo[The Republican Party] is quite (UNAWARE AWARE) that one cannot impose upon France a political ideal conforming to that of nations like (INDEPENDENT COLONIAL) Belgium and the (OTTOMAN EMPIRE SWISS REPUBLIC)rdquo

___________

_________

bull 7 ldquoSomething else is needed for France that she cannot be merely a (FREE AVERAGE) country that she must also be a (POWERFUL GREAT) country exercizing all her rightful (POWER INFLUENCE) over the destiny of Europe that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the (WORLD CONTINENT) and carry everywhere that she can her (LANGUAGE CULTURE) her customs her (FLAG BANNER) her arms and her (LEGACY GENIUS)

__ ____________

__________

PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE

bull Section IIbull pp 48-54

THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931

ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the

University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory

of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______

ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century

Martin EvansPortsmith

1997

Algerian 54 62

Twentieth

The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the

bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period

of time

bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend

bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________

bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself

Lyautey77

1854 1934

MoroccanGovernor

en brosse

colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE

standing up like brush bristles

PURPOSES of the Exhibition

bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its

emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious

bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further

reinforced this point

ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________

bull The empire functioned as a large ________________

hearts minds

economicWall Street Crash

Depressiontrading bloc

PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION

bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a

battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary

________________and religious ______________rdquo

ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire

civilizing

light darknesscivilized UNcivilized

feudalism bigotrymodel

bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death

bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little

bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo

~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931

French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating

imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________

stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition

bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo

stamp

cinema broadcasting

a single day

French Colonial Exposition of 1831

bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies

bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture

Greater France110 million

Third

The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos

annexationndash ____th anniversary of the

invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President

_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge

May 6 1931

50

100

ParisBois de Vincennes

1004

Gaston Doumerguecavalry

100

The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France

depicting the country as a colonial genius

bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses

arch

THE GROUNDS

bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying

empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries

mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the

symbolic importance of the Exhibition

Great Hall

frescoes

troops

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________

bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular

attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to

_____________ to keep crowds in control

Angkor Wat

weekends

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

bull Ferry condemns the ideas of M Camille Pellatan as political ________________

bull These ideas do not represent politics nor ____________________

bull The FAR LEFT chimes in at this idea

Point 2 ldquoideas of________________in the highest senserdquocivilization

METAPHYSICS

HISTORY

The FAR LEFT

Ah-ah

bull The FAR LEFT eruptsndash M Jules ___________

condemns Jules Ferry for his statement

ndash France proclaimed the _______________________

ldquo_______________races have _____________ rights over inferior racesrdquo

SUPERIOR SUPERIOR

MAIGNE

RIGHTS OF MAN

On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet

Ferry seeks to justify

___________ and the

________ trade

slavery

slave

bull

The French have no right to impose commerce on the ldquoblacks of equatorial Africardquo if they are included in the ____________________

These blacks have not called upon French for ___________________

Dec of the Rights of Man

commerce

THE DEBATE

bull M Raoul Duval ndash states that _____________wishes to impose nothing

upon these Africansndash it is ____________who hopes to do so

bull M Jules Maigne differentiates between ____posing an idea and _____posing an idea

bull M George Perin states that ldquoin any case you cannot bring about commerce by ________rdquo

FRANCEFERRY

PRO IM

force

bull

bull The LEFT

bull The RIGHT and the EXTREME LEFT erupt in new interruptions

SUPERIOR RACES have a______ to civilize INFERIOR RACES

DUTY

HOORAY

>

Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo

bull Ferry borrows a ldquoremarkably precise formulationrdquo from distinguished writer M Pelletan

lsquolsquoIt is a system which consists of seeking out ____________ in the Orient with a circumspect and peaceful seclusion which is actually imposed upon us in Europersquorsquo

compensations

bull I donrsquot like the use of the term ldquo______________rdquo

Irsquoll ward off any injury being inflicted on the French government ldquowith all the force of [my] _______________rdquo

bull THE LEFT amp THE CENTER

compensation

patriotism

HOORAY

>

Certain considerations hellip

bull The current conditions of naval warfare have been alteredbull A warship can only carry _________days worth of coal

ndash Without coal a ship is dead in the water

bull France needs countless reprovisioning stations and shelters in and will hold them in (4 areas)ndash Saigon ndash Tunisia ndash the Mekong Deltandash and Madagascar

bull France also holds the Madagascar ports of ndash Diego-Suarezndash Vohemar

14

bull Global ______________ is increasingndash Some European powers strengthen

___________ and navy in order to compete effectively

ndash Others focus on _______________ growth to overtake competitors

bull A policy of _____________ will only lead to cultural decline

Nations achieve greatness only through the ___________ they developThe ldquopeaceful shining forth of __________________rdquo does not make countries great in this day and age

institutions

competition

military

population

isolation

activities

>

economic

I cannot believe that the monarchy wants to follow a policy of ______________and _____________France does not follow a policy of ldquo______and _______rdquo

modestyreserve

Bread butter

>

economic

Fallen monarchs wish to impose these values on France The ____________ Party will NOT follow the examples of __________ and the _______________The Swiss RepublicBelgium

Republican

>

economic

____France must be both a _______country and a ____ country As much as possible France must influence the destiny of ________________ France has a duty to extend the French

____________________ ________________ and

__________ as much as possible

customs

Europe

free great

flaglanguagearmsgenius

>

211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49)Six score and seven years agohellip

bull 1 What ldquothree orders of ideasrdquo does Jules Ferry say that he will address

bull economic ideas bull ideas of civilization in its highest sense bull and ideas of politics and patriotism

bull 2 According to Ferry what is French industryrsquos biggest need and why

bull French industry needs export markets because many markets have closed to them like ndash Germany and ndash the US

bull 3 Summarize the quote that Ferry reads from M Camille Pellatan and describe how Ferry responds to the quote

bull Pelletan calls into question the ldquocivilizationrdquo that France pushes on non-Europeans with violence and force arguing that all humans have basic rights

bull Ferry responds by saying that the Declaration of the Rights of Man doesnrsquot apply to all

bull He also reminds Pelletan that commerce is forced upon the non-Europeans as well

bull 4 According to Ferry why do the French need ports in places like Madagascar and Tunisia

bull Since a warship cannot carry more than 14 daysrsquo worth of coal it was necessary to have provision stations shelters ports for defense and revictualling

212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49)Leno or Conan

bull 1 ldquoGentlemen it (EXCITES EMBARRASSES) me to make such a prolonged demand upon the gracious attention of the Chamber but I believe that the (DUTY PRIVILEGE) I am fulfilling upon this platform is not a (EASY USELESS) onerdquo

________

________

bull 2 ldquohellipthat need felt more and more strongly by the industrial population of Europehellipthe need for (IMPORT EXPORT) markets Is this some kind of (JOKE CHIMERA) Is this a view of the future or is it not rather a (PRESSING PASSING) need and we could say the cry of our (AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIAL) populationrdquo

________

______

______

bull 3 ldquoGentlemen I must speaker from a (HIGHER LOWER) and more truthful (PLANE GROUND) It must be stated openly that in effect (SOME SUPERIOR) races have (RIGHTS ADVANTAGE) over inferior (RACES PEOPLE)rdquo

____ ________

____ ____

bull 4 ldquoIf the declaration of the rights of (HUMANS MAN) was written for the blacks of equatorial Africa then by what right do you impose regular (COMMERCE RULE) upon themrdquo

_________

bull 5 ldquoI (REFUTE REPEAT) that superior races have a (RIGHT ABILITY) because they have a duty They have the duty to (CHRISTIANIZE CIVILIZE) inferior racesrdquo

________

____

bull 6 ldquo[The Republican Party] is quite (UNAWARE AWARE) that one cannot impose upon France a political ideal conforming to that of nations like (INDEPENDENT COLONIAL) Belgium and the (OTTOMAN EMPIRE SWISS REPUBLIC)rdquo

___________

_________

bull 7 ldquoSomething else is needed for France that she cannot be merely a (FREE AVERAGE) country that she must also be a (POWERFUL GREAT) country exercizing all her rightful (POWER INFLUENCE) over the destiny of Europe that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the (WORLD CONTINENT) and carry everywhere that she can her (LANGUAGE CULTURE) her customs her (FLAG BANNER) her arms and her (LEGACY GENIUS)

__ ____________

__________

PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE

bull Section IIbull pp 48-54

THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931

ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the

University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory

of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______

ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century

Martin EvansPortsmith

1997

Algerian 54 62

Twentieth

The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the

bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period

of time

bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend

bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________

bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself

Lyautey77

1854 1934

MoroccanGovernor

en brosse

colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE

standing up like brush bristles

PURPOSES of the Exhibition

bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its

emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious

bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further

reinforced this point

ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________

bull The empire functioned as a large ________________

hearts minds

economicWall Street Crash

Depressiontrading bloc

PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION

bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a

battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary

________________and religious ______________rdquo

ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire

civilizing

light darknesscivilized UNcivilized

feudalism bigotrymodel

bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death

bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little

bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo

~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931

French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating

imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________

stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition

bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo

stamp

cinema broadcasting

a single day

French Colonial Exposition of 1831

bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies

bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture

Greater France110 million

Third

The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos

annexationndash ____th anniversary of the

invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President

_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge

May 6 1931

50

100

ParisBois de Vincennes

1004

Gaston Doumerguecavalry

100

The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France

depicting the country as a colonial genius

bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses

arch

THE GROUNDS

bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying

empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries

mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the

symbolic importance of the Exhibition

Great Hall

frescoes

troops

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________

bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular

attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to

_____________ to keep crowds in control

Angkor Wat

weekends

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

bull The FAR LEFT eruptsndash M Jules ___________

condemns Jules Ferry for his statement

ndash France proclaimed the _______________________

ldquo_______________races have _____________ rights over inferior racesrdquo

SUPERIOR SUPERIOR

MAIGNE

RIGHTS OF MAN

On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet

Ferry seeks to justify

___________ and the

________ trade

slavery

slave

bull

The French have no right to impose commerce on the ldquoblacks of equatorial Africardquo if they are included in the ____________________

These blacks have not called upon French for ___________________

Dec of the Rights of Man

commerce

THE DEBATE

bull M Raoul Duval ndash states that _____________wishes to impose nothing

upon these Africansndash it is ____________who hopes to do so

bull M Jules Maigne differentiates between ____posing an idea and _____posing an idea

bull M George Perin states that ldquoin any case you cannot bring about commerce by ________rdquo

FRANCEFERRY

PRO IM

force

bull

bull The LEFT

bull The RIGHT and the EXTREME LEFT erupt in new interruptions

SUPERIOR RACES have a______ to civilize INFERIOR RACES

DUTY

HOORAY

>

Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo

bull Ferry borrows a ldquoremarkably precise formulationrdquo from distinguished writer M Pelletan

lsquolsquoIt is a system which consists of seeking out ____________ in the Orient with a circumspect and peaceful seclusion which is actually imposed upon us in Europersquorsquo

compensations

bull I donrsquot like the use of the term ldquo______________rdquo

Irsquoll ward off any injury being inflicted on the French government ldquowith all the force of [my] _______________rdquo

bull THE LEFT amp THE CENTER

compensation

patriotism

HOORAY

>

Certain considerations hellip

bull The current conditions of naval warfare have been alteredbull A warship can only carry _________days worth of coal

ndash Without coal a ship is dead in the water

bull France needs countless reprovisioning stations and shelters in and will hold them in (4 areas)ndash Saigon ndash Tunisia ndash the Mekong Deltandash and Madagascar

bull France also holds the Madagascar ports of ndash Diego-Suarezndash Vohemar

14

bull Global ______________ is increasingndash Some European powers strengthen

___________ and navy in order to compete effectively

ndash Others focus on _______________ growth to overtake competitors

bull A policy of _____________ will only lead to cultural decline

Nations achieve greatness only through the ___________ they developThe ldquopeaceful shining forth of __________________rdquo does not make countries great in this day and age

institutions

competition

military

population

isolation

activities

>

economic

I cannot believe that the monarchy wants to follow a policy of ______________and _____________France does not follow a policy of ldquo______and _______rdquo

modestyreserve

Bread butter

>

economic

Fallen monarchs wish to impose these values on France The ____________ Party will NOT follow the examples of __________ and the _______________The Swiss RepublicBelgium

Republican

>

economic

____France must be both a _______country and a ____ country As much as possible France must influence the destiny of ________________ France has a duty to extend the French

____________________ ________________ and

__________ as much as possible

customs

Europe

free great

flaglanguagearmsgenius

>

211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49)Six score and seven years agohellip

bull 1 What ldquothree orders of ideasrdquo does Jules Ferry say that he will address

bull economic ideas bull ideas of civilization in its highest sense bull and ideas of politics and patriotism

bull 2 According to Ferry what is French industryrsquos biggest need and why

bull French industry needs export markets because many markets have closed to them like ndash Germany and ndash the US

bull 3 Summarize the quote that Ferry reads from M Camille Pellatan and describe how Ferry responds to the quote

bull Pelletan calls into question the ldquocivilizationrdquo that France pushes on non-Europeans with violence and force arguing that all humans have basic rights

bull Ferry responds by saying that the Declaration of the Rights of Man doesnrsquot apply to all

bull He also reminds Pelletan that commerce is forced upon the non-Europeans as well

bull 4 According to Ferry why do the French need ports in places like Madagascar and Tunisia

bull Since a warship cannot carry more than 14 daysrsquo worth of coal it was necessary to have provision stations shelters ports for defense and revictualling

212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49)Leno or Conan

bull 1 ldquoGentlemen it (EXCITES EMBARRASSES) me to make such a prolonged demand upon the gracious attention of the Chamber but I believe that the (DUTY PRIVILEGE) I am fulfilling upon this platform is not a (EASY USELESS) onerdquo

________

________

bull 2 ldquohellipthat need felt more and more strongly by the industrial population of Europehellipthe need for (IMPORT EXPORT) markets Is this some kind of (JOKE CHIMERA) Is this a view of the future or is it not rather a (PRESSING PASSING) need and we could say the cry of our (AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIAL) populationrdquo

________

______

______

bull 3 ldquoGentlemen I must speaker from a (HIGHER LOWER) and more truthful (PLANE GROUND) It must be stated openly that in effect (SOME SUPERIOR) races have (RIGHTS ADVANTAGE) over inferior (RACES PEOPLE)rdquo

____ ________

____ ____

bull 4 ldquoIf the declaration of the rights of (HUMANS MAN) was written for the blacks of equatorial Africa then by what right do you impose regular (COMMERCE RULE) upon themrdquo

_________

bull 5 ldquoI (REFUTE REPEAT) that superior races have a (RIGHT ABILITY) because they have a duty They have the duty to (CHRISTIANIZE CIVILIZE) inferior racesrdquo

________

____

bull 6 ldquo[The Republican Party] is quite (UNAWARE AWARE) that one cannot impose upon France a political ideal conforming to that of nations like (INDEPENDENT COLONIAL) Belgium and the (OTTOMAN EMPIRE SWISS REPUBLIC)rdquo

___________

_________

bull 7 ldquoSomething else is needed for France that she cannot be merely a (FREE AVERAGE) country that she must also be a (POWERFUL GREAT) country exercizing all her rightful (POWER INFLUENCE) over the destiny of Europe that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the (WORLD CONTINENT) and carry everywhere that she can her (LANGUAGE CULTURE) her customs her (FLAG BANNER) her arms and her (LEGACY GENIUS)

__ ____________

__________

PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE

bull Section IIbull pp 48-54

THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931

ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the

University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory

of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______

ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century

Martin EvansPortsmith

1997

Algerian 54 62

Twentieth

The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the

bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period

of time

bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend

bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________

bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself

Lyautey77

1854 1934

MoroccanGovernor

en brosse

colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE

standing up like brush bristles

PURPOSES of the Exhibition

bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its

emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious

bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further

reinforced this point

ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________

bull The empire functioned as a large ________________

hearts minds

economicWall Street Crash

Depressiontrading bloc

PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION

bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a

battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary

________________and religious ______________rdquo

ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire

civilizing

light darknesscivilized UNcivilized

feudalism bigotrymodel

bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death

bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little

bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo

~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931

French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating

imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________

stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition

bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo

stamp

cinema broadcasting

a single day

French Colonial Exposition of 1831

bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies

bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture

Greater France110 million

Third

The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos

annexationndash ____th anniversary of the

invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President

_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge

May 6 1931

50

100

ParisBois de Vincennes

1004

Gaston Doumerguecavalry

100

The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France

depicting the country as a colonial genius

bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses

arch

THE GROUNDS

bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying

empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries

mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the

symbolic importance of the Exhibition

Great Hall

frescoes

troops

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________

bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular

attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to

_____________ to keep crowds in control

Angkor Wat

weekends

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet

Ferry seeks to justify

___________ and the

________ trade

slavery

slave

bull

The French have no right to impose commerce on the ldquoblacks of equatorial Africardquo if they are included in the ____________________

These blacks have not called upon French for ___________________

Dec of the Rights of Man

commerce

THE DEBATE

bull M Raoul Duval ndash states that _____________wishes to impose nothing

upon these Africansndash it is ____________who hopes to do so

bull M Jules Maigne differentiates between ____posing an idea and _____posing an idea

bull M George Perin states that ldquoin any case you cannot bring about commerce by ________rdquo

FRANCEFERRY

PRO IM

force

bull

bull The LEFT

bull The RIGHT and the EXTREME LEFT erupt in new interruptions

SUPERIOR RACES have a______ to civilize INFERIOR RACES

DUTY

HOORAY

>

Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo

bull Ferry borrows a ldquoremarkably precise formulationrdquo from distinguished writer M Pelletan

lsquolsquoIt is a system which consists of seeking out ____________ in the Orient with a circumspect and peaceful seclusion which is actually imposed upon us in Europersquorsquo

compensations

bull I donrsquot like the use of the term ldquo______________rdquo

Irsquoll ward off any injury being inflicted on the French government ldquowith all the force of [my] _______________rdquo

bull THE LEFT amp THE CENTER

compensation

patriotism

HOORAY

>

Certain considerations hellip

bull The current conditions of naval warfare have been alteredbull A warship can only carry _________days worth of coal

ndash Without coal a ship is dead in the water

bull France needs countless reprovisioning stations and shelters in and will hold them in (4 areas)ndash Saigon ndash Tunisia ndash the Mekong Deltandash and Madagascar

bull France also holds the Madagascar ports of ndash Diego-Suarezndash Vohemar

14

bull Global ______________ is increasingndash Some European powers strengthen

___________ and navy in order to compete effectively

ndash Others focus on _______________ growth to overtake competitors

bull A policy of _____________ will only lead to cultural decline

Nations achieve greatness only through the ___________ they developThe ldquopeaceful shining forth of __________________rdquo does not make countries great in this day and age

institutions

competition

military

population

isolation

activities

>

economic

I cannot believe that the monarchy wants to follow a policy of ______________and _____________France does not follow a policy of ldquo______and _______rdquo

modestyreserve

Bread butter

>

economic

Fallen monarchs wish to impose these values on France The ____________ Party will NOT follow the examples of __________ and the _______________The Swiss RepublicBelgium

Republican

>

economic

____France must be both a _______country and a ____ country As much as possible France must influence the destiny of ________________ France has a duty to extend the French

____________________ ________________ and

__________ as much as possible

customs

Europe

free great

flaglanguagearmsgenius

>

211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49)Six score and seven years agohellip

bull 1 What ldquothree orders of ideasrdquo does Jules Ferry say that he will address

bull economic ideas bull ideas of civilization in its highest sense bull and ideas of politics and patriotism

bull 2 According to Ferry what is French industryrsquos biggest need and why

bull French industry needs export markets because many markets have closed to them like ndash Germany and ndash the US

bull 3 Summarize the quote that Ferry reads from M Camille Pellatan and describe how Ferry responds to the quote

bull Pelletan calls into question the ldquocivilizationrdquo that France pushes on non-Europeans with violence and force arguing that all humans have basic rights

bull Ferry responds by saying that the Declaration of the Rights of Man doesnrsquot apply to all

bull He also reminds Pelletan that commerce is forced upon the non-Europeans as well

bull 4 According to Ferry why do the French need ports in places like Madagascar and Tunisia

bull Since a warship cannot carry more than 14 daysrsquo worth of coal it was necessary to have provision stations shelters ports for defense and revictualling

212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49)Leno or Conan

bull 1 ldquoGentlemen it (EXCITES EMBARRASSES) me to make such a prolonged demand upon the gracious attention of the Chamber but I believe that the (DUTY PRIVILEGE) I am fulfilling upon this platform is not a (EASY USELESS) onerdquo

________

________

bull 2 ldquohellipthat need felt more and more strongly by the industrial population of Europehellipthe need for (IMPORT EXPORT) markets Is this some kind of (JOKE CHIMERA) Is this a view of the future or is it not rather a (PRESSING PASSING) need and we could say the cry of our (AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIAL) populationrdquo

________

______

______

bull 3 ldquoGentlemen I must speaker from a (HIGHER LOWER) and more truthful (PLANE GROUND) It must be stated openly that in effect (SOME SUPERIOR) races have (RIGHTS ADVANTAGE) over inferior (RACES PEOPLE)rdquo

____ ________

____ ____

bull 4 ldquoIf the declaration of the rights of (HUMANS MAN) was written for the blacks of equatorial Africa then by what right do you impose regular (COMMERCE RULE) upon themrdquo

_________

bull 5 ldquoI (REFUTE REPEAT) that superior races have a (RIGHT ABILITY) because they have a duty They have the duty to (CHRISTIANIZE CIVILIZE) inferior racesrdquo

________

____

bull 6 ldquo[The Republican Party] is quite (UNAWARE AWARE) that one cannot impose upon France a political ideal conforming to that of nations like (INDEPENDENT COLONIAL) Belgium and the (OTTOMAN EMPIRE SWISS REPUBLIC)rdquo

___________

_________

bull 7 ldquoSomething else is needed for France that she cannot be merely a (FREE AVERAGE) country that she must also be a (POWERFUL GREAT) country exercizing all her rightful (POWER INFLUENCE) over the destiny of Europe that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the (WORLD CONTINENT) and carry everywhere that she can her (LANGUAGE CULTURE) her customs her (FLAG BANNER) her arms and her (LEGACY GENIUS)

__ ____________

__________

PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE

bull Section IIbull pp 48-54

THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931

ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the

University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory

of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______

ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century

Martin EvansPortsmith

1997

Algerian 54 62

Twentieth

The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the

bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period

of time

bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend

bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________

bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself

Lyautey77

1854 1934

MoroccanGovernor

en brosse

colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE

standing up like brush bristles

PURPOSES of the Exhibition

bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its

emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious

bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further

reinforced this point

ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________

bull The empire functioned as a large ________________

hearts minds

economicWall Street Crash

Depressiontrading bloc

PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION

bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a

battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary

________________and religious ______________rdquo

ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire

civilizing

light darknesscivilized UNcivilized

feudalism bigotrymodel

bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death

bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little

bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo

~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931

French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating

imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________

stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition

bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo

stamp

cinema broadcasting

a single day

French Colonial Exposition of 1831

bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies

bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture

Greater France110 million

Third

The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos

annexationndash ____th anniversary of the

invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President

_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge

May 6 1931

50

100

ParisBois de Vincennes

1004

Gaston Doumerguecavalry

100

The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France

depicting the country as a colonial genius

bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses

arch

THE GROUNDS

bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying

empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries

mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the

symbolic importance of the Exhibition

Great Hall

frescoes

troops

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________

bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular

attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to

_____________ to keep crowds in control

Angkor Wat

weekends

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

bull

The French have no right to impose commerce on the ldquoblacks of equatorial Africardquo if they are included in the ____________________

These blacks have not called upon French for ___________________

Dec of the Rights of Man

commerce

THE DEBATE

bull M Raoul Duval ndash states that _____________wishes to impose nothing

upon these Africansndash it is ____________who hopes to do so

bull M Jules Maigne differentiates between ____posing an idea and _____posing an idea

bull M George Perin states that ldquoin any case you cannot bring about commerce by ________rdquo

FRANCEFERRY

PRO IM

force

bull

bull The LEFT

bull The RIGHT and the EXTREME LEFT erupt in new interruptions

SUPERIOR RACES have a______ to civilize INFERIOR RACES

DUTY

HOORAY

>

Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo

bull Ferry borrows a ldquoremarkably precise formulationrdquo from distinguished writer M Pelletan

lsquolsquoIt is a system which consists of seeking out ____________ in the Orient with a circumspect and peaceful seclusion which is actually imposed upon us in Europersquorsquo

compensations

bull I donrsquot like the use of the term ldquo______________rdquo

Irsquoll ward off any injury being inflicted on the French government ldquowith all the force of [my] _______________rdquo

bull THE LEFT amp THE CENTER

compensation

patriotism

HOORAY

>

Certain considerations hellip

bull The current conditions of naval warfare have been alteredbull A warship can only carry _________days worth of coal

ndash Without coal a ship is dead in the water

bull France needs countless reprovisioning stations and shelters in and will hold them in (4 areas)ndash Saigon ndash Tunisia ndash the Mekong Deltandash and Madagascar

bull France also holds the Madagascar ports of ndash Diego-Suarezndash Vohemar

14

bull Global ______________ is increasingndash Some European powers strengthen

___________ and navy in order to compete effectively

ndash Others focus on _______________ growth to overtake competitors

bull A policy of _____________ will only lead to cultural decline

Nations achieve greatness only through the ___________ they developThe ldquopeaceful shining forth of __________________rdquo does not make countries great in this day and age

institutions

competition

military

population

isolation

activities

>

economic

I cannot believe that the monarchy wants to follow a policy of ______________and _____________France does not follow a policy of ldquo______and _______rdquo

modestyreserve

Bread butter

>

economic

Fallen monarchs wish to impose these values on France The ____________ Party will NOT follow the examples of __________ and the _______________The Swiss RepublicBelgium

Republican

>

economic

____France must be both a _______country and a ____ country As much as possible France must influence the destiny of ________________ France has a duty to extend the French

____________________ ________________ and

__________ as much as possible

customs

Europe

free great

flaglanguagearmsgenius

>

211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49)Six score and seven years agohellip

bull 1 What ldquothree orders of ideasrdquo does Jules Ferry say that he will address

bull economic ideas bull ideas of civilization in its highest sense bull and ideas of politics and patriotism

bull 2 According to Ferry what is French industryrsquos biggest need and why

bull French industry needs export markets because many markets have closed to them like ndash Germany and ndash the US

bull 3 Summarize the quote that Ferry reads from M Camille Pellatan and describe how Ferry responds to the quote

bull Pelletan calls into question the ldquocivilizationrdquo that France pushes on non-Europeans with violence and force arguing that all humans have basic rights

bull Ferry responds by saying that the Declaration of the Rights of Man doesnrsquot apply to all

bull He also reminds Pelletan that commerce is forced upon the non-Europeans as well

bull 4 According to Ferry why do the French need ports in places like Madagascar and Tunisia

bull Since a warship cannot carry more than 14 daysrsquo worth of coal it was necessary to have provision stations shelters ports for defense and revictualling

212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49)Leno or Conan

bull 1 ldquoGentlemen it (EXCITES EMBARRASSES) me to make such a prolonged demand upon the gracious attention of the Chamber but I believe that the (DUTY PRIVILEGE) I am fulfilling upon this platform is not a (EASY USELESS) onerdquo

________

________

bull 2 ldquohellipthat need felt more and more strongly by the industrial population of Europehellipthe need for (IMPORT EXPORT) markets Is this some kind of (JOKE CHIMERA) Is this a view of the future or is it not rather a (PRESSING PASSING) need and we could say the cry of our (AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIAL) populationrdquo

________

______

______

bull 3 ldquoGentlemen I must speaker from a (HIGHER LOWER) and more truthful (PLANE GROUND) It must be stated openly that in effect (SOME SUPERIOR) races have (RIGHTS ADVANTAGE) over inferior (RACES PEOPLE)rdquo

____ ________

____ ____

bull 4 ldquoIf the declaration of the rights of (HUMANS MAN) was written for the blacks of equatorial Africa then by what right do you impose regular (COMMERCE RULE) upon themrdquo

_________

bull 5 ldquoI (REFUTE REPEAT) that superior races have a (RIGHT ABILITY) because they have a duty They have the duty to (CHRISTIANIZE CIVILIZE) inferior racesrdquo

________

____

bull 6 ldquo[The Republican Party] is quite (UNAWARE AWARE) that one cannot impose upon France a political ideal conforming to that of nations like (INDEPENDENT COLONIAL) Belgium and the (OTTOMAN EMPIRE SWISS REPUBLIC)rdquo

___________

_________

bull 7 ldquoSomething else is needed for France that she cannot be merely a (FREE AVERAGE) country that she must also be a (POWERFUL GREAT) country exercizing all her rightful (POWER INFLUENCE) over the destiny of Europe that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the (WORLD CONTINENT) and carry everywhere that she can her (LANGUAGE CULTURE) her customs her (FLAG BANNER) her arms and her (LEGACY GENIUS)

__ ____________

__________

PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE

bull Section IIbull pp 48-54

THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931

ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the

University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory

of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______

ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century

Martin EvansPortsmith

1997

Algerian 54 62

Twentieth

The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the

bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period

of time

bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend

bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________

bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself

Lyautey77

1854 1934

MoroccanGovernor

en brosse

colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE

standing up like brush bristles

PURPOSES of the Exhibition

bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its

emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious

bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further

reinforced this point

ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________

bull The empire functioned as a large ________________

hearts minds

economicWall Street Crash

Depressiontrading bloc

PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION

bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a

battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary

________________and religious ______________rdquo

ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire

civilizing

light darknesscivilized UNcivilized

feudalism bigotrymodel

bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death

bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little

bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo

~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931

French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating

imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________

stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition

bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo

stamp

cinema broadcasting

a single day

French Colonial Exposition of 1831

bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies

bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture

Greater France110 million

Third

The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos

annexationndash ____th anniversary of the

invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President

_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge

May 6 1931

50

100

ParisBois de Vincennes

1004

Gaston Doumerguecavalry

100

The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France

depicting the country as a colonial genius

bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses

arch

THE GROUNDS

bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying

empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries

mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the

symbolic importance of the Exhibition

Great Hall

frescoes

troops

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________

bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular

attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to

_____________ to keep crowds in control

Angkor Wat

weekends

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

THE DEBATE

bull M Raoul Duval ndash states that _____________wishes to impose nothing

upon these Africansndash it is ____________who hopes to do so

bull M Jules Maigne differentiates between ____posing an idea and _____posing an idea

bull M George Perin states that ldquoin any case you cannot bring about commerce by ________rdquo

FRANCEFERRY

PRO IM

force

bull

bull The LEFT

bull The RIGHT and the EXTREME LEFT erupt in new interruptions

SUPERIOR RACES have a______ to civilize INFERIOR RACES

DUTY

HOORAY

>

Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo

bull Ferry borrows a ldquoremarkably precise formulationrdquo from distinguished writer M Pelletan

lsquolsquoIt is a system which consists of seeking out ____________ in the Orient with a circumspect and peaceful seclusion which is actually imposed upon us in Europersquorsquo

compensations

bull I donrsquot like the use of the term ldquo______________rdquo

Irsquoll ward off any injury being inflicted on the French government ldquowith all the force of [my] _______________rdquo

bull THE LEFT amp THE CENTER

compensation

patriotism

HOORAY

>

Certain considerations hellip

bull The current conditions of naval warfare have been alteredbull A warship can only carry _________days worth of coal

ndash Without coal a ship is dead in the water

bull France needs countless reprovisioning stations and shelters in and will hold them in (4 areas)ndash Saigon ndash Tunisia ndash the Mekong Deltandash and Madagascar

bull France also holds the Madagascar ports of ndash Diego-Suarezndash Vohemar

14

bull Global ______________ is increasingndash Some European powers strengthen

___________ and navy in order to compete effectively

ndash Others focus on _______________ growth to overtake competitors

bull A policy of _____________ will only lead to cultural decline

Nations achieve greatness only through the ___________ they developThe ldquopeaceful shining forth of __________________rdquo does not make countries great in this day and age

institutions

competition

military

population

isolation

activities

>

economic

I cannot believe that the monarchy wants to follow a policy of ______________and _____________France does not follow a policy of ldquo______and _______rdquo

modestyreserve

Bread butter

>

economic

Fallen monarchs wish to impose these values on France The ____________ Party will NOT follow the examples of __________ and the _______________The Swiss RepublicBelgium

Republican

>

economic

____France must be both a _______country and a ____ country As much as possible France must influence the destiny of ________________ France has a duty to extend the French

____________________ ________________ and

__________ as much as possible

customs

Europe

free great

flaglanguagearmsgenius

>

211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49)Six score and seven years agohellip

bull 1 What ldquothree orders of ideasrdquo does Jules Ferry say that he will address

bull economic ideas bull ideas of civilization in its highest sense bull and ideas of politics and patriotism

bull 2 According to Ferry what is French industryrsquos biggest need and why

bull French industry needs export markets because many markets have closed to them like ndash Germany and ndash the US

bull 3 Summarize the quote that Ferry reads from M Camille Pellatan and describe how Ferry responds to the quote

bull Pelletan calls into question the ldquocivilizationrdquo that France pushes on non-Europeans with violence and force arguing that all humans have basic rights

bull Ferry responds by saying that the Declaration of the Rights of Man doesnrsquot apply to all

bull He also reminds Pelletan that commerce is forced upon the non-Europeans as well

bull 4 According to Ferry why do the French need ports in places like Madagascar and Tunisia

bull Since a warship cannot carry more than 14 daysrsquo worth of coal it was necessary to have provision stations shelters ports for defense and revictualling

212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49)Leno or Conan

bull 1 ldquoGentlemen it (EXCITES EMBARRASSES) me to make such a prolonged demand upon the gracious attention of the Chamber but I believe that the (DUTY PRIVILEGE) I am fulfilling upon this platform is not a (EASY USELESS) onerdquo

________

________

bull 2 ldquohellipthat need felt more and more strongly by the industrial population of Europehellipthe need for (IMPORT EXPORT) markets Is this some kind of (JOKE CHIMERA) Is this a view of the future or is it not rather a (PRESSING PASSING) need and we could say the cry of our (AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIAL) populationrdquo

________

______

______

bull 3 ldquoGentlemen I must speaker from a (HIGHER LOWER) and more truthful (PLANE GROUND) It must be stated openly that in effect (SOME SUPERIOR) races have (RIGHTS ADVANTAGE) over inferior (RACES PEOPLE)rdquo

____ ________

____ ____

bull 4 ldquoIf the declaration of the rights of (HUMANS MAN) was written for the blacks of equatorial Africa then by what right do you impose regular (COMMERCE RULE) upon themrdquo

_________

bull 5 ldquoI (REFUTE REPEAT) that superior races have a (RIGHT ABILITY) because they have a duty They have the duty to (CHRISTIANIZE CIVILIZE) inferior racesrdquo

________

____

bull 6 ldquo[The Republican Party] is quite (UNAWARE AWARE) that one cannot impose upon France a political ideal conforming to that of nations like (INDEPENDENT COLONIAL) Belgium and the (OTTOMAN EMPIRE SWISS REPUBLIC)rdquo

___________

_________

bull 7 ldquoSomething else is needed for France that she cannot be merely a (FREE AVERAGE) country that she must also be a (POWERFUL GREAT) country exercizing all her rightful (POWER INFLUENCE) over the destiny of Europe that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the (WORLD CONTINENT) and carry everywhere that she can her (LANGUAGE CULTURE) her customs her (FLAG BANNER) her arms and her (LEGACY GENIUS)

__ ____________

__________

PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE

bull Section IIbull pp 48-54

THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931

ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the

University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory

of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______

ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century

Martin EvansPortsmith

1997

Algerian 54 62

Twentieth

The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the

bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period

of time

bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend

bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________

bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself

Lyautey77

1854 1934

MoroccanGovernor

en brosse

colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE

standing up like brush bristles

PURPOSES of the Exhibition

bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its

emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious

bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further

reinforced this point

ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________

bull The empire functioned as a large ________________

hearts minds

economicWall Street Crash

Depressiontrading bloc

PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION

bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a

battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary

________________and religious ______________rdquo

ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire

civilizing

light darknesscivilized UNcivilized

feudalism bigotrymodel

bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death

bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little

bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo

~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931

French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating

imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________

stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition

bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo

stamp

cinema broadcasting

a single day

French Colonial Exposition of 1831

bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies

bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture

Greater France110 million

Third

The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos

annexationndash ____th anniversary of the

invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President

_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge

May 6 1931

50

100

ParisBois de Vincennes

1004

Gaston Doumerguecavalry

100

The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France

depicting the country as a colonial genius

bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses

arch

THE GROUNDS

bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying

empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries

mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the

symbolic importance of the Exhibition

Great Hall

frescoes

troops

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________

bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular

attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to

_____________ to keep crowds in control

Angkor Wat

weekends

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

bull

bull The LEFT

bull The RIGHT and the EXTREME LEFT erupt in new interruptions

SUPERIOR RACES have a______ to civilize INFERIOR RACES

DUTY

HOORAY

>

Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo

bull Ferry borrows a ldquoremarkably precise formulationrdquo from distinguished writer M Pelletan

lsquolsquoIt is a system which consists of seeking out ____________ in the Orient with a circumspect and peaceful seclusion which is actually imposed upon us in Europersquorsquo

compensations

bull I donrsquot like the use of the term ldquo______________rdquo

Irsquoll ward off any injury being inflicted on the French government ldquowith all the force of [my] _______________rdquo

bull THE LEFT amp THE CENTER

compensation

patriotism

HOORAY

>

Certain considerations hellip

bull The current conditions of naval warfare have been alteredbull A warship can only carry _________days worth of coal

ndash Without coal a ship is dead in the water

bull France needs countless reprovisioning stations and shelters in and will hold them in (4 areas)ndash Saigon ndash Tunisia ndash the Mekong Deltandash and Madagascar

bull France also holds the Madagascar ports of ndash Diego-Suarezndash Vohemar

14

bull Global ______________ is increasingndash Some European powers strengthen

___________ and navy in order to compete effectively

ndash Others focus on _______________ growth to overtake competitors

bull A policy of _____________ will only lead to cultural decline

Nations achieve greatness only through the ___________ they developThe ldquopeaceful shining forth of __________________rdquo does not make countries great in this day and age

institutions

competition

military

population

isolation

activities

>

economic

I cannot believe that the monarchy wants to follow a policy of ______________and _____________France does not follow a policy of ldquo______and _______rdquo

modestyreserve

Bread butter

>

economic

Fallen monarchs wish to impose these values on France The ____________ Party will NOT follow the examples of __________ and the _______________The Swiss RepublicBelgium

Republican

>

economic

____France must be both a _______country and a ____ country As much as possible France must influence the destiny of ________________ France has a duty to extend the French

____________________ ________________ and

__________ as much as possible

customs

Europe

free great

flaglanguagearmsgenius

>

211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49)Six score and seven years agohellip

bull 1 What ldquothree orders of ideasrdquo does Jules Ferry say that he will address

bull economic ideas bull ideas of civilization in its highest sense bull and ideas of politics and patriotism

bull 2 According to Ferry what is French industryrsquos biggest need and why

bull French industry needs export markets because many markets have closed to them like ndash Germany and ndash the US

bull 3 Summarize the quote that Ferry reads from M Camille Pellatan and describe how Ferry responds to the quote

bull Pelletan calls into question the ldquocivilizationrdquo that France pushes on non-Europeans with violence and force arguing that all humans have basic rights

bull Ferry responds by saying that the Declaration of the Rights of Man doesnrsquot apply to all

bull He also reminds Pelletan that commerce is forced upon the non-Europeans as well

bull 4 According to Ferry why do the French need ports in places like Madagascar and Tunisia

bull Since a warship cannot carry more than 14 daysrsquo worth of coal it was necessary to have provision stations shelters ports for defense and revictualling

212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49)Leno or Conan

bull 1 ldquoGentlemen it (EXCITES EMBARRASSES) me to make such a prolonged demand upon the gracious attention of the Chamber but I believe that the (DUTY PRIVILEGE) I am fulfilling upon this platform is not a (EASY USELESS) onerdquo

________

________

bull 2 ldquohellipthat need felt more and more strongly by the industrial population of Europehellipthe need for (IMPORT EXPORT) markets Is this some kind of (JOKE CHIMERA) Is this a view of the future or is it not rather a (PRESSING PASSING) need and we could say the cry of our (AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIAL) populationrdquo

________

______

______

bull 3 ldquoGentlemen I must speaker from a (HIGHER LOWER) and more truthful (PLANE GROUND) It must be stated openly that in effect (SOME SUPERIOR) races have (RIGHTS ADVANTAGE) over inferior (RACES PEOPLE)rdquo

____ ________

____ ____

bull 4 ldquoIf the declaration of the rights of (HUMANS MAN) was written for the blacks of equatorial Africa then by what right do you impose regular (COMMERCE RULE) upon themrdquo

_________

bull 5 ldquoI (REFUTE REPEAT) that superior races have a (RIGHT ABILITY) because they have a duty They have the duty to (CHRISTIANIZE CIVILIZE) inferior racesrdquo

________

____

bull 6 ldquo[The Republican Party] is quite (UNAWARE AWARE) that one cannot impose upon France a political ideal conforming to that of nations like (INDEPENDENT COLONIAL) Belgium and the (OTTOMAN EMPIRE SWISS REPUBLIC)rdquo

___________

_________

bull 7 ldquoSomething else is needed for France that she cannot be merely a (FREE AVERAGE) country that she must also be a (POWERFUL GREAT) country exercizing all her rightful (POWER INFLUENCE) over the destiny of Europe that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the (WORLD CONTINENT) and carry everywhere that she can her (LANGUAGE CULTURE) her customs her (FLAG BANNER) her arms and her (LEGACY GENIUS)

__ ____________

__________

PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE

bull Section IIbull pp 48-54

THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931

ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the

University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory

of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______

ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century

Martin EvansPortsmith

1997

Algerian 54 62

Twentieth

The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the

bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period

of time

bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend

bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________

bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself

Lyautey77

1854 1934

MoroccanGovernor

en brosse

colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE

standing up like brush bristles

PURPOSES of the Exhibition

bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its

emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious

bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further

reinforced this point

ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________

bull The empire functioned as a large ________________

hearts minds

economicWall Street Crash

Depressiontrading bloc

PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION

bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a

battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary

________________and religious ______________rdquo

ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire

civilizing

light darknesscivilized UNcivilized

feudalism bigotrymodel

bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death

bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little

bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo

~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931

French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating

imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________

stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition

bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo

stamp

cinema broadcasting

a single day

French Colonial Exposition of 1831

bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies

bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture

Greater France110 million

Third

The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos

annexationndash ____th anniversary of the

invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President

_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge

May 6 1931

50

100

ParisBois de Vincennes

1004

Gaston Doumerguecavalry

100

The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France

depicting the country as a colonial genius

bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses

arch

THE GROUNDS

bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying

empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries

mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the

symbolic importance of the Exhibition

Great Hall

frescoes

troops

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________

bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular

attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to

_____________ to keep crowds in control

Angkor Wat

weekends

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo

bull Ferry borrows a ldquoremarkably precise formulationrdquo from distinguished writer M Pelletan

lsquolsquoIt is a system which consists of seeking out ____________ in the Orient with a circumspect and peaceful seclusion which is actually imposed upon us in Europersquorsquo

compensations

bull I donrsquot like the use of the term ldquo______________rdquo

Irsquoll ward off any injury being inflicted on the French government ldquowith all the force of [my] _______________rdquo

bull THE LEFT amp THE CENTER

compensation

patriotism

HOORAY

>

Certain considerations hellip

bull The current conditions of naval warfare have been alteredbull A warship can only carry _________days worth of coal

ndash Without coal a ship is dead in the water

bull France needs countless reprovisioning stations and shelters in and will hold them in (4 areas)ndash Saigon ndash Tunisia ndash the Mekong Deltandash and Madagascar

bull France also holds the Madagascar ports of ndash Diego-Suarezndash Vohemar

14

bull Global ______________ is increasingndash Some European powers strengthen

___________ and navy in order to compete effectively

ndash Others focus on _______________ growth to overtake competitors

bull A policy of _____________ will only lead to cultural decline

Nations achieve greatness only through the ___________ they developThe ldquopeaceful shining forth of __________________rdquo does not make countries great in this day and age

institutions

competition

military

population

isolation

activities

>

economic

I cannot believe that the monarchy wants to follow a policy of ______________and _____________France does not follow a policy of ldquo______and _______rdquo

modestyreserve

Bread butter

>

economic

Fallen monarchs wish to impose these values on France The ____________ Party will NOT follow the examples of __________ and the _______________The Swiss RepublicBelgium

Republican

>

economic

____France must be both a _______country and a ____ country As much as possible France must influence the destiny of ________________ France has a duty to extend the French

____________________ ________________ and

__________ as much as possible

customs

Europe

free great

flaglanguagearmsgenius

>

211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49)Six score and seven years agohellip

bull 1 What ldquothree orders of ideasrdquo does Jules Ferry say that he will address

bull economic ideas bull ideas of civilization in its highest sense bull and ideas of politics and patriotism

bull 2 According to Ferry what is French industryrsquos biggest need and why

bull French industry needs export markets because many markets have closed to them like ndash Germany and ndash the US

bull 3 Summarize the quote that Ferry reads from M Camille Pellatan and describe how Ferry responds to the quote

bull Pelletan calls into question the ldquocivilizationrdquo that France pushes on non-Europeans with violence and force arguing that all humans have basic rights

bull Ferry responds by saying that the Declaration of the Rights of Man doesnrsquot apply to all

bull He also reminds Pelletan that commerce is forced upon the non-Europeans as well

bull 4 According to Ferry why do the French need ports in places like Madagascar and Tunisia

bull Since a warship cannot carry more than 14 daysrsquo worth of coal it was necessary to have provision stations shelters ports for defense and revictualling

212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49)Leno or Conan

bull 1 ldquoGentlemen it (EXCITES EMBARRASSES) me to make such a prolonged demand upon the gracious attention of the Chamber but I believe that the (DUTY PRIVILEGE) I am fulfilling upon this platform is not a (EASY USELESS) onerdquo

________

________

bull 2 ldquohellipthat need felt more and more strongly by the industrial population of Europehellipthe need for (IMPORT EXPORT) markets Is this some kind of (JOKE CHIMERA) Is this a view of the future or is it not rather a (PRESSING PASSING) need and we could say the cry of our (AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIAL) populationrdquo

________

______

______

bull 3 ldquoGentlemen I must speaker from a (HIGHER LOWER) and more truthful (PLANE GROUND) It must be stated openly that in effect (SOME SUPERIOR) races have (RIGHTS ADVANTAGE) over inferior (RACES PEOPLE)rdquo

____ ________

____ ____

bull 4 ldquoIf the declaration of the rights of (HUMANS MAN) was written for the blacks of equatorial Africa then by what right do you impose regular (COMMERCE RULE) upon themrdquo

_________

bull 5 ldquoI (REFUTE REPEAT) that superior races have a (RIGHT ABILITY) because they have a duty They have the duty to (CHRISTIANIZE CIVILIZE) inferior racesrdquo

________

____

bull 6 ldquo[The Republican Party] is quite (UNAWARE AWARE) that one cannot impose upon France a political ideal conforming to that of nations like (INDEPENDENT COLONIAL) Belgium and the (OTTOMAN EMPIRE SWISS REPUBLIC)rdquo

___________

_________

bull 7 ldquoSomething else is needed for France that she cannot be merely a (FREE AVERAGE) country that she must also be a (POWERFUL GREAT) country exercizing all her rightful (POWER INFLUENCE) over the destiny of Europe that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the (WORLD CONTINENT) and carry everywhere that she can her (LANGUAGE CULTURE) her customs her (FLAG BANNER) her arms and her (LEGACY GENIUS)

__ ____________

__________

PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE

bull Section IIbull pp 48-54

THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931

ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the

University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory

of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______

ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century

Martin EvansPortsmith

1997

Algerian 54 62

Twentieth

The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the

bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period

of time

bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend

bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________

bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself

Lyautey77

1854 1934

MoroccanGovernor

en brosse

colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE

standing up like brush bristles

PURPOSES of the Exhibition

bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its

emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious

bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further

reinforced this point

ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________

bull The empire functioned as a large ________________

hearts minds

economicWall Street Crash

Depressiontrading bloc

PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION

bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a

battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary

________________and religious ______________rdquo

ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire

civilizing

light darknesscivilized UNcivilized

feudalism bigotrymodel

bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death

bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little

bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo

~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931

French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating

imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________

stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition

bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo

stamp

cinema broadcasting

a single day

French Colonial Exposition of 1831

bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies

bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture

Greater France110 million

Third

The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos

annexationndash ____th anniversary of the

invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President

_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge

May 6 1931

50

100

ParisBois de Vincennes

1004

Gaston Doumerguecavalry

100

The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France

depicting the country as a colonial genius

bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses

arch

THE GROUNDS

bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying

empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries

mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the

symbolic importance of the Exhibition

Great Hall

frescoes

troops

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________

bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular

attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to

_____________ to keep crowds in control

Angkor Wat

weekends

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

bull I donrsquot like the use of the term ldquo______________rdquo

Irsquoll ward off any injury being inflicted on the French government ldquowith all the force of [my] _______________rdquo

bull THE LEFT amp THE CENTER

compensation

patriotism

HOORAY

>

Certain considerations hellip

bull The current conditions of naval warfare have been alteredbull A warship can only carry _________days worth of coal

ndash Without coal a ship is dead in the water

bull France needs countless reprovisioning stations and shelters in and will hold them in (4 areas)ndash Saigon ndash Tunisia ndash the Mekong Deltandash and Madagascar

bull France also holds the Madagascar ports of ndash Diego-Suarezndash Vohemar

14

bull Global ______________ is increasingndash Some European powers strengthen

___________ and navy in order to compete effectively

ndash Others focus on _______________ growth to overtake competitors

bull A policy of _____________ will only lead to cultural decline

Nations achieve greatness only through the ___________ they developThe ldquopeaceful shining forth of __________________rdquo does not make countries great in this day and age

institutions

competition

military

population

isolation

activities

>

economic

I cannot believe that the monarchy wants to follow a policy of ______________and _____________France does not follow a policy of ldquo______and _______rdquo

modestyreserve

Bread butter

>

economic

Fallen monarchs wish to impose these values on France The ____________ Party will NOT follow the examples of __________ and the _______________The Swiss RepublicBelgium

Republican

>

economic

____France must be both a _______country and a ____ country As much as possible France must influence the destiny of ________________ France has a duty to extend the French

____________________ ________________ and

__________ as much as possible

customs

Europe

free great

flaglanguagearmsgenius

>

211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49)Six score and seven years agohellip

bull 1 What ldquothree orders of ideasrdquo does Jules Ferry say that he will address

bull economic ideas bull ideas of civilization in its highest sense bull and ideas of politics and patriotism

bull 2 According to Ferry what is French industryrsquos biggest need and why

bull French industry needs export markets because many markets have closed to them like ndash Germany and ndash the US

bull 3 Summarize the quote that Ferry reads from M Camille Pellatan and describe how Ferry responds to the quote

bull Pelletan calls into question the ldquocivilizationrdquo that France pushes on non-Europeans with violence and force arguing that all humans have basic rights

bull Ferry responds by saying that the Declaration of the Rights of Man doesnrsquot apply to all

bull He also reminds Pelletan that commerce is forced upon the non-Europeans as well

bull 4 According to Ferry why do the French need ports in places like Madagascar and Tunisia

bull Since a warship cannot carry more than 14 daysrsquo worth of coal it was necessary to have provision stations shelters ports for defense and revictualling

212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49)Leno or Conan

bull 1 ldquoGentlemen it (EXCITES EMBARRASSES) me to make such a prolonged demand upon the gracious attention of the Chamber but I believe that the (DUTY PRIVILEGE) I am fulfilling upon this platform is not a (EASY USELESS) onerdquo

________

________

bull 2 ldquohellipthat need felt more and more strongly by the industrial population of Europehellipthe need for (IMPORT EXPORT) markets Is this some kind of (JOKE CHIMERA) Is this a view of the future or is it not rather a (PRESSING PASSING) need and we could say the cry of our (AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIAL) populationrdquo

________

______

______

bull 3 ldquoGentlemen I must speaker from a (HIGHER LOWER) and more truthful (PLANE GROUND) It must be stated openly that in effect (SOME SUPERIOR) races have (RIGHTS ADVANTAGE) over inferior (RACES PEOPLE)rdquo

____ ________

____ ____

bull 4 ldquoIf the declaration of the rights of (HUMANS MAN) was written for the blacks of equatorial Africa then by what right do you impose regular (COMMERCE RULE) upon themrdquo

_________

bull 5 ldquoI (REFUTE REPEAT) that superior races have a (RIGHT ABILITY) because they have a duty They have the duty to (CHRISTIANIZE CIVILIZE) inferior racesrdquo

________

____

bull 6 ldquo[The Republican Party] is quite (UNAWARE AWARE) that one cannot impose upon France a political ideal conforming to that of nations like (INDEPENDENT COLONIAL) Belgium and the (OTTOMAN EMPIRE SWISS REPUBLIC)rdquo

___________

_________

bull 7 ldquoSomething else is needed for France that she cannot be merely a (FREE AVERAGE) country that she must also be a (POWERFUL GREAT) country exercizing all her rightful (POWER INFLUENCE) over the destiny of Europe that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the (WORLD CONTINENT) and carry everywhere that she can her (LANGUAGE CULTURE) her customs her (FLAG BANNER) her arms and her (LEGACY GENIUS)

__ ____________

__________

PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE

bull Section IIbull pp 48-54

THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931

ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the

University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory

of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______

ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century

Martin EvansPortsmith

1997

Algerian 54 62

Twentieth

The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the

bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period

of time

bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend

bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________

bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself

Lyautey77

1854 1934

MoroccanGovernor

en brosse

colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE

standing up like brush bristles

PURPOSES of the Exhibition

bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its

emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious

bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further

reinforced this point

ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________

bull The empire functioned as a large ________________

hearts minds

economicWall Street Crash

Depressiontrading bloc

PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION

bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a

battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary

________________and religious ______________rdquo

ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire

civilizing

light darknesscivilized UNcivilized

feudalism bigotrymodel

bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death

bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little

bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo

~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931

French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating

imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________

stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition

bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo

stamp

cinema broadcasting

a single day

French Colonial Exposition of 1831

bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies

bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture

Greater France110 million

Third

The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos

annexationndash ____th anniversary of the

invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President

_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge

May 6 1931

50

100

ParisBois de Vincennes

1004

Gaston Doumerguecavalry

100

The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France

depicting the country as a colonial genius

bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses

arch

THE GROUNDS

bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying

empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries

mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the

symbolic importance of the Exhibition

Great Hall

frescoes

troops

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________

bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular

attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to

_____________ to keep crowds in control

Angkor Wat

weekends

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

Certain considerations hellip

bull The current conditions of naval warfare have been alteredbull A warship can only carry _________days worth of coal

ndash Without coal a ship is dead in the water

bull France needs countless reprovisioning stations and shelters in and will hold them in (4 areas)ndash Saigon ndash Tunisia ndash the Mekong Deltandash and Madagascar

bull France also holds the Madagascar ports of ndash Diego-Suarezndash Vohemar

14

bull Global ______________ is increasingndash Some European powers strengthen

___________ and navy in order to compete effectively

ndash Others focus on _______________ growth to overtake competitors

bull A policy of _____________ will only lead to cultural decline

Nations achieve greatness only through the ___________ they developThe ldquopeaceful shining forth of __________________rdquo does not make countries great in this day and age

institutions

competition

military

population

isolation

activities

>

economic

I cannot believe that the monarchy wants to follow a policy of ______________and _____________France does not follow a policy of ldquo______and _______rdquo

modestyreserve

Bread butter

>

economic

Fallen monarchs wish to impose these values on France The ____________ Party will NOT follow the examples of __________ and the _______________The Swiss RepublicBelgium

Republican

>

economic

____France must be both a _______country and a ____ country As much as possible France must influence the destiny of ________________ France has a duty to extend the French

____________________ ________________ and

__________ as much as possible

customs

Europe

free great

flaglanguagearmsgenius

>

211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49)Six score and seven years agohellip

bull 1 What ldquothree orders of ideasrdquo does Jules Ferry say that he will address

bull economic ideas bull ideas of civilization in its highest sense bull and ideas of politics and patriotism

bull 2 According to Ferry what is French industryrsquos biggest need and why

bull French industry needs export markets because many markets have closed to them like ndash Germany and ndash the US

bull 3 Summarize the quote that Ferry reads from M Camille Pellatan and describe how Ferry responds to the quote

bull Pelletan calls into question the ldquocivilizationrdquo that France pushes on non-Europeans with violence and force arguing that all humans have basic rights

bull Ferry responds by saying that the Declaration of the Rights of Man doesnrsquot apply to all

bull He also reminds Pelletan that commerce is forced upon the non-Europeans as well

bull 4 According to Ferry why do the French need ports in places like Madagascar and Tunisia

bull Since a warship cannot carry more than 14 daysrsquo worth of coal it was necessary to have provision stations shelters ports for defense and revictualling

212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49)Leno or Conan

bull 1 ldquoGentlemen it (EXCITES EMBARRASSES) me to make such a prolonged demand upon the gracious attention of the Chamber but I believe that the (DUTY PRIVILEGE) I am fulfilling upon this platform is not a (EASY USELESS) onerdquo

________

________

bull 2 ldquohellipthat need felt more and more strongly by the industrial population of Europehellipthe need for (IMPORT EXPORT) markets Is this some kind of (JOKE CHIMERA) Is this a view of the future or is it not rather a (PRESSING PASSING) need and we could say the cry of our (AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIAL) populationrdquo

________

______

______

bull 3 ldquoGentlemen I must speaker from a (HIGHER LOWER) and more truthful (PLANE GROUND) It must be stated openly that in effect (SOME SUPERIOR) races have (RIGHTS ADVANTAGE) over inferior (RACES PEOPLE)rdquo

____ ________

____ ____

bull 4 ldquoIf the declaration of the rights of (HUMANS MAN) was written for the blacks of equatorial Africa then by what right do you impose regular (COMMERCE RULE) upon themrdquo

_________

bull 5 ldquoI (REFUTE REPEAT) that superior races have a (RIGHT ABILITY) because they have a duty They have the duty to (CHRISTIANIZE CIVILIZE) inferior racesrdquo

________

____

bull 6 ldquo[The Republican Party] is quite (UNAWARE AWARE) that one cannot impose upon France a political ideal conforming to that of nations like (INDEPENDENT COLONIAL) Belgium and the (OTTOMAN EMPIRE SWISS REPUBLIC)rdquo

___________

_________

bull 7 ldquoSomething else is needed for France that she cannot be merely a (FREE AVERAGE) country that she must also be a (POWERFUL GREAT) country exercizing all her rightful (POWER INFLUENCE) over the destiny of Europe that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the (WORLD CONTINENT) and carry everywhere that she can her (LANGUAGE CULTURE) her customs her (FLAG BANNER) her arms and her (LEGACY GENIUS)

__ ____________

__________

PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE

bull Section IIbull pp 48-54

THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931

ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the

University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory

of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______

ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century

Martin EvansPortsmith

1997

Algerian 54 62

Twentieth

The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the

bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period

of time

bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend

bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________

bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself

Lyautey77

1854 1934

MoroccanGovernor

en brosse

colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE

standing up like brush bristles

PURPOSES of the Exhibition

bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its

emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious

bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further

reinforced this point

ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________

bull The empire functioned as a large ________________

hearts minds

economicWall Street Crash

Depressiontrading bloc

PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION

bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a

battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary

________________and religious ______________rdquo

ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire

civilizing

light darknesscivilized UNcivilized

feudalism bigotrymodel

bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death

bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little

bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo

~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931

French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating

imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________

stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition

bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo

stamp

cinema broadcasting

a single day

French Colonial Exposition of 1831

bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies

bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture

Greater France110 million

Third

The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos

annexationndash ____th anniversary of the

invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President

_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge

May 6 1931

50

100

ParisBois de Vincennes

1004

Gaston Doumerguecavalry

100

The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France

depicting the country as a colonial genius

bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses

arch

THE GROUNDS

bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying

empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries

mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the

symbolic importance of the Exhibition

Great Hall

frescoes

troops

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________

bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular

attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to

_____________ to keep crowds in control

Angkor Wat

weekends

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

bull Global ______________ is increasingndash Some European powers strengthen

___________ and navy in order to compete effectively

ndash Others focus on _______________ growth to overtake competitors

bull A policy of _____________ will only lead to cultural decline

Nations achieve greatness only through the ___________ they developThe ldquopeaceful shining forth of __________________rdquo does not make countries great in this day and age

institutions

competition

military

population

isolation

activities

>

economic

I cannot believe that the monarchy wants to follow a policy of ______________and _____________France does not follow a policy of ldquo______and _______rdquo

modestyreserve

Bread butter

>

economic

Fallen monarchs wish to impose these values on France The ____________ Party will NOT follow the examples of __________ and the _______________The Swiss RepublicBelgium

Republican

>

economic

____France must be both a _______country and a ____ country As much as possible France must influence the destiny of ________________ France has a duty to extend the French

____________________ ________________ and

__________ as much as possible

customs

Europe

free great

flaglanguagearmsgenius

>

211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49)Six score and seven years agohellip

bull 1 What ldquothree orders of ideasrdquo does Jules Ferry say that he will address

bull economic ideas bull ideas of civilization in its highest sense bull and ideas of politics and patriotism

bull 2 According to Ferry what is French industryrsquos biggest need and why

bull French industry needs export markets because many markets have closed to them like ndash Germany and ndash the US

bull 3 Summarize the quote that Ferry reads from M Camille Pellatan and describe how Ferry responds to the quote

bull Pelletan calls into question the ldquocivilizationrdquo that France pushes on non-Europeans with violence and force arguing that all humans have basic rights

bull Ferry responds by saying that the Declaration of the Rights of Man doesnrsquot apply to all

bull He also reminds Pelletan that commerce is forced upon the non-Europeans as well

bull 4 According to Ferry why do the French need ports in places like Madagascar and Tunisia

bull Since a warship cannot carry more than 14 daysrsquo worth of coal it was necessary to have provision stations shelters ports for defense and revictualling

212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49)Leno or Conan

bull 1 ldquoGentlemen it (EXCITES EMBARRASSES) me to make such a prolonged demand upon the gracious attention of the Chamber but I believe that the (DUTY PRIVILEGE) I am fulfilling upon this platform is not a (EASY USELESS) onerdquo

________

________

bull 2 ldquohellipthat need felt more and more strongly by the industrial population of Europehellipthe need for (IMPORT EXPORT) markets Is this some kind of (JOKE CHIMERA) Is this a view of the future or is it not rather a (PRESSING PASSING) need and we could say the cry of our (AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIAL) populationrdquo

________

______

______

bull 3 ldquoGentlemen I must speaker from a (HIGHER LOWER) and more truthful (PLANE GROUND) It must be stated openly that in effect (SOME SUPERIOR) races have (RIGHTS ADVANTAGE) over inferior (RACES PEOPLE)rdquo

____ ________

____ ____

bull 4 ldquoIf the declaration of the rights of (HUMANS MAN) was written for the blacks of equatorial Africa then by what right do you impose regular (COMMERCE RULE) upon themrdquo

_________

bull 5 ldquoI (REFUTE REPEAT) that superior races have a (RIGHT ABILITY) because they have a duty They have the duty to (CHRISTIANIZE CIVILIZE) inferior racesrdquo

________

____

bull 6 ldquo[The Republican Party] is quite (UNAWARE AWARE) that one cannot impose upon France a political ideal conforming to that of nations like (INDEPENDENT COLONIAL) Belgium and the (OTTOMAN EMPIRE SWISS REPUBLIC)rdquo

___________

_________

bull 7 ldquoSomething else is needed for France that she cannot be merely a (FREE AVERAGE) country that she must also be a (POWERFUL GREAT) country exercizing all her rightful (POWER INFLUENCE) over the destiny of Europe that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the (WORLD CONTINENT) and carry everywhere that she can her (LANGUAGE CULTURE) her customs her (FLAG BANNER) her arms and her (LEGACY GENIUS)

__ ____________

__________

PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE

bull Section IIbull pp 48-54

THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931

ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the

University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory

of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______

ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century

Martin EvansPortsmith

1997

Algerian 54 62

Twentieth

The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the

bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period

of time

bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend

bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________

bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself

Lyautey77

1854 1934

MoroccanGovernor

en brosse

colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE

standing up like brush bristles

PURPOSES of the Exhibition

bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its

emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious

bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further

reinforced this point

ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________

bull The empire functioned as a large ________________

hearts minds

economicWall Street Crash

Depressiontrading bloc

PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION

bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a

battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary

________________and religious ______________rdquo

ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire

civilizing

light darknesscivilized UNcivilized

feudalism bigotrymodel

bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death

bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little

bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo

~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931

French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating

imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________

stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition

bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo

stamp

cinema broadcasting

a single day

French Colonial Exposition of 1831

bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies

bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture

Greater France110 million

Third

The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos

annexationndash ____th anniversary of the

invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President

_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge

May 6 1931

50

100

ParisBois de Vincennes

1004

Gaston Doumerguecavalry

100

The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France

depicting the country as a colonial genius

bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses

arch

THE GROUNDS

bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying

empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries

mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the

symbolic importance of the Exhibition

Great Hall

frescoes

troops

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________

bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular

attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to

_____________ to keep crowds in control

Angkor Wat

weekends

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

economic

I cannot believe that the monarchy wants to follow a policy of ______________and _____________France does not follow a policy of ldquo______and _______rdquo

modestyreserve

Bread butter

>

economic

Fallen monarchs wish to impose these values on France The ____________ Party will NOT follow the examples of __________ and the _______________The Swiss RepublicBelgium

Republican

>

economic

____France must be both a _______country and a ____ country As much as possible France must influence the destiny of ________________ France has a duty to extend the French

____________________ ________________ and

__________ as much as possible

customs

Europe

free great

flaglanguagearmsgenius

>

211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49)Six score and seven years agohellip

bull 1 What ldquothree orders of ideasrdquo does Jules Ferry say that he will address

bull economic ideas bull ideas of civilization in its highest sense bull and ideas of politics and patriotism

bull 2 According to Ferry what is French industryrsquos biggest need and why

bull French industry needs export markets because many markets have closed to them like ndash Germany and ndash the US

bull 3 Summarize the quote that Ferry reads from M Camille Pellatan and describe how Ferry responds to the quote

bull Pelletan calls into question the ldquocivilizationrdquo that France pushes on non-Europeans with violence and force arguing that all humans have basic rights

bull Ferry responds by saying that the Declaration of the Rights of Man doesnrsquot apply to all

bull He also reminds Pelletan that commerce is forced upon the non-Europeans as well

bull 4 According to Ferry why do the French need ports in places like Madagascar and Tunisia

bull Since a warship cannot carry more than 14 daysrsquo worth of coal it was necessary to have provision stations shelters ports for defense and revictualling

212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49)Leno or Conan

bull 1 ldquoGentlemen it (EXCITES EMBARRASSES) me to make such a prolonged demand upon the gracious attention of the Chamber but I believe that the (DUTY PRIVILEGE) I am fulfilling upon this platform is not a (EASY USELESS) onerdquo

________

________

bull 2 ldquohellipthat need felt more and more strongly by the industrial population of Europehellipthe need for (IMPORT EXPORT) markets Is this some kind of (JOKE CHIMERA) Is this a view of the future or is it not rather a (PRESSING PASSING) need and we could say the cry of our (AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIAL) populationrdquo

________

______

______

bull 3 ldquoGentlemen I must speaker from a (HIGHER LOWER) and more truthful (PLANE GROUND) It must be stated openly that in effect (SOME SUPERIOR) races have (RIGHTS ADVANTAGE) over inferior (RACES PEOPLE)rdquo

____ ________

____ ____

bull 4 ldquoIf the declaration of the rights of (HUMANS MAN) was written for the blacks of equatorial Africa then by what right do you impose regular (COMMERCE RULE) upon themrdquo

_________

bull 5 ldquoI (REFUTE REPEAT) that superior races have a (RIGHT ABILITY) because they have a duty They have the duty to (CHRISTIANIZE CIVILIZE) inferior racesrdquo

________

____

bull 6 ldquo[The Republican Party] is quite (UNAWARE AWARE) that one cannot impose upon France a political ideal conforming to that of nations like (INDEPENDENT COLONIAL) Belgium and the (OTTOMAN EMPIRE SWISS REPUBLIC)rdquo

___________

_________

bull 7 ldquoSomething else is needed for France that she cannot be merely a (FREE AVERAGE) country that she must also be a (POWERFUL GREAT) country exercizing all her rightful (POWER INFLUENCE) over the destiny of Europe that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the (WORLD CONTINENT) and carry everywhere that she can her (LANGUAGE CULTURE) her customs her (FLAG BANNER) her arms and her (LEGACY GENIUS)

__ ____________

__________

PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE

bull Section IIbull pp 48-54

THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931

ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the

University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory

of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______

ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century

Martin EvansPortsmith

1997

Algerian 54 62

Twentieth

The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the

bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period

of time

bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend

bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________

bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself

Lyautey77

1854 1934

MoroccanGovernor

en brosse

colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE

standing up like brush bristles

PURPOSES of the Exhibition

bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its

emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious

bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further

reinforced this point

ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________

bull The empire functioned as a large ________________

hearts minds

economicWall Street Crash

Depressiontrading bloc

PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION

bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a

battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary

________________and religious ______________rdquo

ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire

civilizing

light darknesscivilized UNcivilized

feudalism bigotrymodel

bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death

bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little

bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo

~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931

French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating

imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________

stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition

bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo

stamp

cinema broadcasting

a single day

French Colonial Exposition of 1831

bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies

bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture

Greater France110 million

Third

The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos

annexationndash ____th anniversary of the

invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President

_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge

May 6 1931

50

100

ParisBois de Vincennes

1004

Gaston Doumerguecavalry

100

The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France

depicting the country as a colonial genius

bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses

arch

THE GROUNDS

bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying

empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries

mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the

symbolic importance of the Exhibition

Great Hall

frescoes

troops

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________

bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular

attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to

_____________ to keep crowds in control

Angkor Wat

weekends

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

economic

Fallen monarchs wish to impose these values on France The ____________ Party will NOT follow the examples of __________ and the _______________The Swiss RepublicBelgium

Republican

>

economic

____France must be both a _______country and a ____ country As much as possible France must influence the destiny of ________________ France has a duty to extend the French

____________________ ________________ and

__________ as much as possible

customs

Europe

free great

flaglanguagearmsgenius

>

211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49)Six score and seven years agohellip

bull 1 What ldquothree orders of ideasrdquo does Jules Ferry say that he will address

bull economic ideas bull ideas of civilization in its highest sense bull and ideas of politics and patriotism

bull 2 According to Ferry what is French industryrsquos biggest need and why

bull French industry needs export markets because many markets have closed to them like ndash Germany and ndash the US

bull 3 Summarize the quote that Ferry reads from M Camille Pellatan and describe how Ferry responds to the quote

bull Pelletan calls into question the ldquocivilizationrdquo that France pushes on non-Europeans with violence and force arguing that all humans have basic rights

bull Ferry responds by saying that the Declaration of the Rights of Man doesnrsquot apply to all

bull He also reminds Pelletan that commerce is forced upon the non-Europeans as well

bull 4 According to Ferry why do the French need ports in places like Madagascar and Tunisia

bull Since a warship cannot carry more than 14 daysrsquo worth of coal it was necessary to have provision stations shelters ports for defense and revictualling

212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49)Leno or Conan

bull 1 ldquoGentlemen it (EXCITES EMBARRASSES) me to make such a prolonged demand upon the gracious attention of the Chamber but I believe that the (DUTY PRIVILEGE) I am fulfilling upon this platform is not a (EASY USELESS) onerdquo

________

________

bull 2 ldquohellipthat need felt more and more strongly by the industrial population of Europehellipthe need for (IMPORT EXPORT) markets Is this some kind of (JOKE CHIMERA) Is this a view of the future or is it not rather a (PRESSING PASSING) need and we could say the cry of our (AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIAL) populationrdquo

________

______

______

bull 3 ldquoGentlemen I must speaker from a (HIGHER LOWER) and more truthful (PLANE GROUND) It must be stated openly that in effect (SOME SUPERIOR) races have (RIGHTS ADVANTAGE) over inferior (RACES PEOPLE)rdquo

____ ________

____ ____

bull 4 ldquoIf the declaration of the rights of (HUMANS MAN) was written for the blacks of equatorial Africa then by what right do you impose regular (COMMERCE RULE) upon themrdquo

_________

bull 5 ldquoI (REFUTE REPEAT) that superior races have a (RIGHT ABILITY) because they have a duty They have the duty to (CHRISTIANIZE CIVILIZE) inferior racesrdquo

________

____

bull 6 ldquo[The Republican Party] is quite (UNAWARE AWARE) that one cannot impose upon France a political ideal conforming to that of nations like (INDEPENDENT COLONIAL) Belgium and the (OTTOMAN EMPIRE SWISS REPUBLIC)rdquo

___________

_________

bull 7 ldquoSomething else is needed for France that she cannot be merely a (FREE AVERAGE) country that she must also be a (POWERFUL GREAT) country exercizing all her rightful (POWER INFLUENCE) over the destiny of Europe that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the (WORLD CONTINENT) and carry everywhere that she can her (LANGUAGE CULTURE) her customs her (FLAG BANNER) her arms and her (LEGACY GENIUS)

__ ____________

__________

PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE

bull Section IIbull pp 48-54

THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931

ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the

University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory

of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______

ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century

Martin EvansPortsmith

1997

Algerian 54 62

Twentieth

The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the

bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period

of time

bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend

bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________

bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself

Lyautey77

1854 1934

MoroccanGovernor

en brosse

colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE

standing up like brush bristles

PURPOSES of the Exhibition

bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its

emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious

bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further

reinforced this point

ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________

bull The empire functioned as a large ________________

hearts minds

economicWall Street Crash

Depressiontrading bloc

PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION

bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a

battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary

________________and religious ______________rdquo

ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire

civilizing

light darknesscivilized UNcivilized

feudalism bigotrymodel

bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death

bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little

bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo

~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931

French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating

imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________

stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition

bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo

stamp

cinema broadcasting

a single day

French Colonial Exposition of 1831

bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies

bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture

Greater France110 million

Third

The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos

annexationndash ____th anniversary of the

invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President

_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge

May 6 1931

50

100

ParisBois de Vincennes

1004

Gaston Doumerguecavalry

100

The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France

depicting the country as a colonial genius

bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses

arch

THE GROUNDS

bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying

empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries

mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the

symbolic importance of the Exhibition

Great Hall

frescoes

troops

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________

bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular

attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to

_____________ to keep crowds in control

Angkor Wat

weekends

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

economic

____France must be both a _______country and a ____ country As much as possible France must influence the destiny of ________________ France has a duty to extend the French

____________________ ________________ and

__________ as much as possible

customs

Europe

free great

flaglanguagearmsgenius

>

211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49)Six score and seven years agohellip

bull 1 What ldquothree orders of ideasrdquo does Jules Ferry say that he will address

bull economic ideas bull ideas of civilization in its highest sense bull and ideas of politics and patriotism

bull 2 According to Ferry what is French industryrsquos biggest need and why

bull French industry needs export markets because many markets have closed to them like ndash Germany and ndash the US

bull 3 Summarize the quote that Ferry reads from M Camille Pellatan and describe how Ferry responds to the quote

bull Pelletan calls into question the ldquocivilizationrdquo that France pushes on non-Europeans with violence and force arguing that all humans have basic rights

bull Ferry responds by saying that the Declaration of the Rights of Man doesnrsquot apply to all

bull He also reminds Pelletan that commerce is forced upon the non-Europeans as well

bull 4 According to Ferry why do the French need ports in places like Madagascar and Tunisia

bull Since a warship cannot carry more than 14 daysrsquo worth of coal it was necessary to have provision stations shelters ports for defense and revictualling

212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49)Leno or Conan

bull 1 ldquoGentlemen it (EXCITES EMBARRASSES) me to make such a prolonged demand upon the gracious attention of the Chamber but I believe that the (DUTY PRIVILEGE) I am fulfilling upon this platform is not a (EASY USELESS) onerdquo

________

________

bull 2 ldquohellipthat need felt more and more strongly by the industrial population of Europehellipthe need for (IMPORT EXPORT) markets Is this some kind of (JOKE CHIMERA) Is this a view of the future or is it not rather a (PRESSING PASSING) need and we could say the cry of our (AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIAL) populationrdquo

________

______

______

bull 3 ldquoGentlemen I must speaker from a (HIGHER LOWER) and more truthful (PLANE GROUND) It must be stated openly that in effect (SOME SUPERIOR) races have (RIGHTS ADVANTAGE) over inferior (RACES PEOPLE)rdquo

____ ________

____ ____

bull 4 ldquoIf the declaration of the rights of (HUMANS MAN) was written for the blacks of equatorial Africa then by what right do you impose regular (COMMERCE RULE) upon themrdquo

_________

bull 5 ldquoI (REFUTE REPEAT) that superior races have a (RIGHT ABILITY) because they have a duty They have the duty to (CHRISTIANIZE CIVILIZE) inferior racesrdquo

________

____

bull 6 ldquo[The Republican Party] is quite (UNAWARE AWARE) that one cannot impose upon France a political ideal conforming to that of nations like (INDEPENDENT COLONIAL) Belgium and the (OTTOMAN EMPIRE SWISS REPUBLIC)rdquo

___________

_________

bull 7 ldquoSomething else is needed for France that she cannot be merely a (FREE AVERAGE) country that she must also be a (POWERFUL GREAT) country exercizing all her rightful (POWER INFLUENCE) over the destiny of Europe that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the (WORLD CONTINENT) and carry everywhere that she can her (LANGUAGE CULTURE) her customs her (FLAG BANNER) her arms and her (LEGACY GENIUS)

__ ____________

__________

PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE

bull Section IIbull pp 48-54

THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931

ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the

University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory

of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______

ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century

Martin EvansPortsmith

1997

Algerian 54 62

Twentieth

The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the

bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period

of time

bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend

bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________

bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself

Lyautey77

1854 1934

MoroccanGovernor

en brosse

colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE

standing up like brush bristles

PURPOSES of the Exhibition

bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its

emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious

bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further

reinforced this point

ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________

bull The empire functioned as a large ________________

hearts minds

economicWall Street Crash

Depressiontrading bloc

PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION

bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a

battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary

________________and religious ______________rdquo

ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire

civilizing

light darknesscivilized UNcivilized

feudalism bigotrymodel

bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death

bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little

bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo

~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931

French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating

imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________

stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition

bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo

stamp

cinema broadcasting

a single day

French Colonial Exposition of 1831

bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies

bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture

Greater France110 million

Third

The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos

annexationndash ____th anniversary of the

invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President

_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge

May 6 1931

50

100

ParisBois de Vincennes

1004

Gaston Doumerguecavalry

100

The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France

depicting the country as a colonial genius

bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses

arch

THE GROUNDS

bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying

empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries

mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the

symbolic importance of the Exhibition

Great Hall

frescoes

troops

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________

bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular

attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to

_____________ to keep crowds in control

Angkor Wat

weekends

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49)Six score and seven years agohellip

bull 1 What ldquothree orders of ideasrdquo does Jules Ferry say that he will address

bull economic ideas bull ideas of civilization in its highest sense bull and ideas of politics and patriotism

bull 2 According to Ferry what is French industryrsquos biggest need and why

bull French industry needs export markets because many markets have closed to them like ndash Germany and ndash the US

bull 3 Summarize the quote that Ferry reads from M Camille Pellatan and describe how Ferry responds to the quote

bull Pelletan calls into question the ldquocivilizationrdquo that France pushes on non-Europeans with violence and force arguing that all humans have basic rights

bull Ferry responds by saying that the Declaration of the Rights of Man doesnrsquot apply to all

bull He also reminds Pelletan that commerce is forced upon the non-Europeans as well

bull 4 According to Ferry why do the French need ports in places like Madagascar and Tunisia

bull Since a warship cannot carry more than 14 daysrsquo worth of coal it was necessary to have provision stations shelters ports for defense and revictualling

212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49)Leno or Conan

bull 1 ldquoGentlemen it (EXCITES EMBARRASSES) me to make such a prolonged demand upon the gracious attention of the Chamber but I believe that the (DUTY PRIVILEGE) I am fulfilling upon this platform is not a (EASY USELESS) onerdquo

________

________

bull 2 ldquohellipthat need felt more and more strongly by the industrial population of Europehellipthe need for (IMPORT EXPORT) markets Is this some kind of (JOKE CHIMERA) Is this a view of the future or is it not rather a (PRESSING PASSING) need and we could say the cry of our (AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIAL) populationrdquo

________

______

______

bull 3 ldquoGentlemen I must speaker from a (HIGHER LOWER) and more truthful (PLANE GROUND) It must be stated openly that in effect (SOME SUPERIOR) races have (RIGHTS ADVANTAGE) over inferior (RACES PEOPLE)rdquo

____ ________

____ ____

bull 4 ldquoIf the declaration of the rights of (HUMANS MAN) was written for the blacks of equatorial Africa then by what right do you impose regular (COMMERCE RULE) upon themrdquo

_________

bull 5 ldquoI (REFUTE REPEAT) that superior races have a (RIGHT ABILITY) because they have a duty They have the duty to (CHRISTIANIZE CIVILIZE) inferior racesrdquo

________

____

bull 6 ldquo[The Republican Party] is quite (UNAWARE AWARE) that one cannot impose upon France a political ideal conforming to that of nations like (INDEPENDENT COLONIAL) Belgium and the (OTTOMAN EMPIRE SWISS REPUBLIC)rdquo

___________

_________

bull 7 ldquoSomething else is needed for France that she cannot be merely a (FREE AVERAGE) country that she must also be a (POWERFUL GREAT) country exercizing all her rightful (POWER INFLUENCE) over the destiny of Europe that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the (WORLD CONTINENT) and carry everywhere that she can her (LANGUAGE CULTURE) her customs her (FLAG BANNER) her arms and her (LEGACY GENIUS)

__ ____________

__________

PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE

bull Section IIbull pp 48-54

THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931

ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the

University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory

of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______

ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century

Martin EvansPortsmith

1997

Algerian 54 62

Twentieth

The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the

bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period

of time

bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend

bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________

bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself

Lyautey77

1854 1934

MoroccanGovernor

en brosse

colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE

standing up like brush bristles

PURPOSES of the Exhibition

bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its

emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious

bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further

reinforced this point

ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________

bull The empire functioned as a large ________________

hearts minds

economicWall Street Crash

Depressiontrading bloc

PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION

bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a

battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary

________________and religious ______________rdquo

ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire

civilizing

light darknesscivilized UNcivilized

feudalism bigotrymodel

bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death

bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little

bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo

~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931

French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating

imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________

stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition

bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo

stamp

cinema broadcasting

a single day

French Colonial Exposition of 1831

bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies

bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture

Greater France110 million

Third

The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos

annexationndash ____th anniversary of the

invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President

_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge

May 6 1931

50

100

ParisBois de Vincennes

1004

Gaston Doumerguecavalry

100

The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France

depicting the country as a colonial genius

bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses

arch

THE GROUNDS

bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying

empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries

mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the

symbolic importance of the Exhibition

Great Hall

frescoes

troops

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________

bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular

attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to

_____________ to keep crowds in control

Angkor Wat

weekends

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

bull 2 According to Ferry what is French industryrsquos biggest need and why

bull French industry needs export markets because many markets have closed to them like ndash Germany and ndash the US

bull 3 Summarize the quote that Ferry reads from M Camille Pellatan and describe how Ferry responds to the quote

bull Pelletan calls into question the ldquocivilizationrdquo that France pushes on non-Europeans with violence and force arguing that all humans have basic rights

bull Ferry responds by saying that the Declaration of the Rights of Man doesnrsquot apply to all

bull He also reminds Pelletan that commerce is forced upon the non-Europeans as well

bull 4 According to Ferry why do the French need ports in places like Madagascar and Tunisia

bull Since a warship cannot carry more than 14 daysrsquo worth of coal it was necessary to have provision stations shelters ports for defense and revictualling

212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49)Leno or Conan

bull 1 ldquoGentlemen it (EXCITES EMBARRASSES) me to make such a prolonged demand upon the gracious attention of the Chamber but I believe that the (DUTY PRIVILEGE) I am fulfilling upon this platform is not a (EASY USELESS) onerdquo

________

________

bull 2 ldquohellipthat need felt more and more strongly by the industrial population of Europehellipthe need for (IMPORT EXPORT) markets Is this some kind of (JOKE CHIMERA) Is this a view of the future or is it not rather a (PRESSING PASSING) need and we could say the cry of our (AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIAL) populationrdquo

________

______

______

bull 3 ldquoGentlemen I must speaker from a (HIGHER LOWER) and more truthful (PLANE GROUND) It must be stated openly that in effect (SOME SUPERIOR) races have (RIGHTS ADVANTAGE) over inferior (RACES PEOPLE)rdquo

____ ________

____ ____

bull 4 ldquoIf the declaration of the rights of (HUMANS MAN) was written for the blacks of equatorial Africa then by what right do you impose regular (COMMERCE RULE) upon themrdquo

_________

bull 5 ldquoI (REFUTE REPEAT) that superior races have a (RIGHT ABILITY) because they have a duty They have the duty to (CHRISTIANIZE CIVILIZE) inferior racesrdquo

________

____

bull 6 ldquo[The Republican Party] is quite (UNAWARE AWARE) that one cannot impose upon France a political ideal conforming to that of nations like (INDEPENDENT COLONIAL) Belgium and the (OTTOMAN EMPIRE SWISS REPUBLIC)rdquo

___________

_________

bull 7 ldquoSomething else is needed for France that she cannot be merely a (FREE AVERAGE) country that she must also be a (POWERFUL GREAT) country exercizing all her rightful (POWER INFLUENCE) over the destiny of Europe that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the (WORLD CONTINENT) and carry everywhere that she can her (LANGUAGE CULTURE) her customs her (FLAG BANNER) her arms and her (LEGACY GENIUS)

__ ____________

__________

PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE

bull Section IIbull pp 48-54

THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931

ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the

University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory

of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______

ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century

Martin EvansPortsmith

1997

Algerian 54 62

Twentieth

The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the

bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period

of time

bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend

bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________

bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself

Lyautey77

1854 1934

MoroccanGovernor

en brosse

colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE

standing up like brush bristles

PURPOSES of the Exhibition

bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its

emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious

bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further

reinforced this point

ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________

bull The empire functioned as a large ________________

hearts minds

economicWall Street Crash

Depressiontrading bloc

PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION

bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a

battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary

________________and religious ______________rdquo

ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire

civilizing

light darknesscivilized UNcivilized

feudalism bigotrymodel

bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death

bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little

bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo

~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931

French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating

imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________

stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition

bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo

stamp

cinema broadcasting

a single day

French Colonial Exposition of 1831

bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies

bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture

Greater France110 million

Third

The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos

annexationndash ____th anniversary of the

invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President

_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge

May 6 1931

50

100

ParisBois de Vincennes

1004

Gaston Doumerguecavalry

100

The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France

depicting the country as a colonial genius

bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses

arch

THE GROUNDS

bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying

empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries

mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the

symbolic importance of the Exhibition

Great Hall

frescoes

troops

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________

bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular

attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to

_____________ to keep crowds in control

Angkor Wat

weekends

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

bull 3 Summarize the quote that Ferry reads from M Camille Pellatan and describe how Ferry responds to the quote

bull Pelletan calls into question the ldquocivilizationrdquo that France pushes on non-Europeans with violence and force arguing that all humans have basic rights

bull Ferry responds by saying that the Declaration of the Rights of Man doesnrsquot apply to all

bull He also reminds Pelletan that commerce is forced upon the non-Europeans as well

bull 4 According to Ferry why do the French need ports in places like Madagascar and Tunisia

bull Since a warship cannot carry more than 14 daysrsquo worth of coal it was necessary to have provision stations shelters ports for defense and revictualling

212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49)Leno or Conan

bull 1 ldquoGentlemen it (EXCITES EMBARRASSES) me to make such a prolonged demand upon the gracious attention of the Chamber but I believe that the (DUTY PRIVILEGE) I am fulfilling upon this platform is not a (EASY USELESS) onerdquo

________

________

bull 2 ldquohellipthat need felt more and more strongly by the industrial population of Europehellipthe need for (IMPORT EXPORT) markets Is this some kind of (JOKE CHIMERA) Is this a view of the future or is it not rather a (PRESSING PASSING) need and we could say the cry of our (AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIAL) populationrdquo

________

______

______

bull 3 ldquoGentlemen I must speaker from a (HIGHER LOWER) and more truthful (PLANE GROUND) It must be stated openly that in effect (SOME SUPERIOR) races have (RIGHTS ADVANTAGE) over inferior (RACES PEOPLE)rdquo

____ ________

____ ____

bull 4 ldquoIf the declaration of the rights of (HUMANS MAN) was written for the blacks of equatorial Africa then by what right do you impose regular (COMMERCE RULE) upon themrdquo

_________

bull 5 ldquoI (REFUTE REPEAT) that superior races have a (RIGHT ABILITY) because they have a duty They have the duty to (CHRISTIANIZE CIVILIZE) inferior racesrdquo

________

____

bull 6 ldquo[The Republican Party] is quite (UNAWARE AWARE) that one cannot impose upon France a political ideal conforming to that of nations like (INDEPENDENT COLONIAL) Belgium and the (OTTOMAN EMPIRE SWISS REPUBLIC)rdquo

___________

_________

bull 7 ldquoSomething else is needed for France that she cannot be merely a (FREE AVERAGE) country that she must also be a (POWERFUL GREAT) country exercizing all her rightful (POWER INFLUENCE) over the destiny of Europe that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the (WORLD CONTINENT) and carry everywhere that she can her (LANGUAGE CULTURE) her customs her (FLAG BANNER) her arms and her (LEGACY GENIUS)

__ ____________

__________

PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE

bull Section IIbull pp 48-54

THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931

ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the

University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory

of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______

ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century

Martin EvansPortsmith

1997

Algerian 54 62

Twentieth

The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the

bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period

of time

bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend

bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________

bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself

Lyautey77

1854 1934

MoroccanGovernor

en brosse

colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE

standing up like brush bristles

PURPOSES of the Exhibition

bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its

emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious

bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further

reinforced this point

ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________

bull The empire functioned as a large ________________

hearts minds

economicWall Street Crash

Depressiontrading bloc

PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION

bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a

battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary

________________and religious ______________rdquo

ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire

civilizing

light darknesscivilized UNcivilized

feudalism bigotrymodel

bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death

bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little

bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo

~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931

French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating

imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________

stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition

bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo

stamp

cinema broadcasting

a single day

French Colonial Exposition of 1831

bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies

bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture

Greater France110 million

Third

The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos

annexationndash ____th anniversary of the

invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President

_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge

May 6 1931

50

100

ParisBois de Vincennes

1004

Gaston Doumerguecavalry

100

The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France

depicting the country as a colonial genius

bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses

arch

THE GROUNDS

bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying

empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries

mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the

symbolic importance of the Exhibition

Great Hall

frescoes

troops

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________

bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular

attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to

_____________ to keep crowds in control

Angkor Wat

weekends

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

bull 4 According to Ferry why do the French need ports in places like Madagascar and Tunisia

bull Since a warship cannot carry more than 14 daysrsquo worth of coal it was necessary to have provision stations shelters ports for defense and revictualling

212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49)Leno or Conan

bull 1 ldquoGentlemen it (EXCITES EMBARRASSES) me to make such a prolonged demand upon the gracious attention of the Chamber but I believe that the (DUTY PRIVILEGE) I am fulfilling upon this platform is not a (EASY USELESS) onerdquo

________

________

bull 2 ldquohellipthat need felt more and more strongly by the industrial population of Europehellipthe need for (IMPORT EXPORT) markets Is this some kind of (JOKE CHIMERA) Is this a view of the future or is it not rather a (PRESSING PASSING) need and we could say the cry of our (AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIAL) populationrdquo

________

______

______

bull 3 ldquoGentlemen I must speaker from a (HIGHER LOWER) and more truthful (PLANE GROUND) It must be stated openly that in effect (SOME SUPERIOR) races have (RIGHTS ADVANTAGE) over inferior (RACES PEOPLE)rdquo

____ ________

____ ____

bull 4 ldquoIf the declaration of the rights of (HUMANS MAN) was written for the blacks of equatorial Africa then by what right do you impose regular (COMMERCE RULE) upon themrdquo

_________

bull 5 ldquoI (REFUTE REPEAT) that superior races have a (RIGHT ABILITY) because they have a duty They have the duty to (CHRISTIANIZE CIVILIZE) inferior racesrdquo

________

____

bull 6 ldquo[The Republican Party] is quite (UNAWARE AWARE) that one cannot impose upon France a political ideal conforming to that of nations like (INDEPENDENT COLONIAL) Belgium and the (OTTOMAN EMPIRE SWISS REPUBLIC)rdquo

___________

_________

bull 7 ldquoSomething else is needed for France that she cannot be merely a (FREE AVERAGE) country that she must also be a (POWERFUL GREAT) country exercizing all her rightful (POWER INFLUENCE) over the destiny of Europe that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the (WORLD CONTINENT) and carry everywhere that she can her (LANGUAGE CULTURE) her customs her (FLAG BANNER) her arms and her (LEGACY GENIUS)

__ ____________

__________

PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE

bull Section IIbull pp 48-54

THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931

ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the

University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory

of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______

ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century

Martin EvansPortsmith

1997

Algerian 54 62

Twentieth

The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the

bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period

of time

bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend

bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________

bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself

Lyautey77

1854 1934

MoroccanGovernor

en brosse

colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE

standing up like brush bristles

PURPOSES of the Exhibition

bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its

emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious

bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further

reinforced this point

ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________

bull The empire functioned as a large ________________

hearts minds

economicWall Street Crash

Depressiontrading bloc

PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION

bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a

battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary

________________and religious ______________rdquo

ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire

civilizing

light darknesscivilized UNcivilized

feudalism bigotrymodel

bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death

bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little

bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo

~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931

French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating

imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________

stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition

bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo

stamp

cinema broadcasting

a single day

French Colonial Exposition of 1831

bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies

bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture

Greater France110 million

Third

The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos

annexationndash ____th anniversary of the

invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President

_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge

May 6 1931

50

100

ParisBois de Vincennes

1004

Gaston Doumerguecavalry

100

The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France

depicting the country as a colonial genius

bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses

arch

THE GROUNDS

bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying

empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries

mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the

symbolic importance of the Exhibition

Great Hall

frescoes

troops

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________

bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular

attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to

_____________ to keep crowds in control

Angkor Wat

weekends

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49)Leno or Conan

bull 1 ldquoGentlemen it (EXCITES EMBARRASSES) me to make such a prolonged demand upon the gracious attention of the Chamber but I believe that the (DUTY PRIVILEGE) I am fulfilling upon this platform is not a (EASY USELESS) onerdquo

________

________

bull 2 ldquohellipthat need felt more and more strongly by the industrial population of Europehellipthe need for (IMPORT EXPORT) markets Is this some kind of (JOKE CHIMERA) Is this a view of the future or is it not rather a (PRESSING PASSING) need and we could say the cry of our (AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIAL) populationrdquo

________

______

______

bull 3 ldquoGentlemen I must speaker from a (HIGHER LOWER) and more truthful (PLANE GROUND) It must be stated openly that in effect (SOME SUPERIOR) races have (RIGHTS ADVANTAGE) over inferior (RACES PEOPLE)rdquo

____ ________

____ ____

bull 4 ldquoIf the declaration of the rights of (HUMANS MAN) was written for the blacks of equatorial Africa then by what right do you impose regular (COMMERCE RULE) upon themrdquo

_________

bull 5 ldquoI (REFUTE REPEAT) that superior races have a (RIGHT ABILITY) because they have a duty They have the duty to (CHRISTIANIZE CIVILIZE) inferior racesrdquo

________

____

bull 6 ldquo[The Republican Party] is quite (UNAWARE AWARE) that one cannot impose upon France a political ideal conforming to that of nations like (INDEPENDENT COLONIAL) Belgium and the (OTTOMAN EMPIRE SWISS REPUBLIC)rdquo

___________

_________

bull 7 ldquoSomething else is needed for France that she cannot be merely a (FREE AVERAGE) country that she must also be a (POWERFUL GREAT) country exercizing all her rightful (POWER INFLUENCE) over the destiny of Europe that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the (WORLD CONTINENT) and carry everywhere that she can her (LANGUAGE CULTURE) her customs her (FLAG BANNER) her arms and her (LEGACY GENIUS)

__ ____________

__________

PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE

bull Section IIbull pp 48-54

THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931

ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the

University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory

of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______

ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century

Martin EvansPortsmith

1997

Algerian 54 62

Twentieth

The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the

bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period

of time

bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend

bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________

bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself

Lyautey77

1854 1934

MoroccanGovernor

en brosse

colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE

standing up like brush bristles

PURPOSES of the Exhibition

bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its

emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious

bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further

reinforced this point

ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________

bull The empire functioned as a large ________________

hearts minds

economicWall Street Crash

Depressiontrading bloc

PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION

bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a

battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary

________________and religious ______________rdquo

ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire

civilizing

light darknesscivilized UNcivilized

feudalism bigotrymodel

bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death

bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little

bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo

~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931

French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating

imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________

stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition

bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo

stamp

cinema broadcasting

a single day

French Colonial Exposition of 1831

bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies

bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture

Greater France110 million

Third

The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos

annexationndash ____th anniversary of the

invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President

_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge

May 6 1931

50

100

ParisBois de Vincennes

1004

Gaston Doumerguecavalry

100

The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France

depicting the country as a colonial genius

bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses

arch

THE GROUNDS

bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying

empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries

mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the

symbolic importance of the Exhibition

Great Hall

frescoes

troops

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________

bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular

attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to

_____________ to keep crowds in control

Angkor Wat

weekends

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

bull 2 ldquohellipthat need felt more and more strongly by the industrial population of Europehellipthe need for (IMPORT EXPORT) markets Is this some kind of (JOKE CHIMERA) Is this a view of the future or is it not rather a (PRESSING PASSING) need and we could say the cry of our (AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIAL) populationrdquo

________

______

______

bull 3 ldquoGentlemen I must speaker from a (HIGHER LOWER) and more truthful (PLANE GROUND) It must be stated openly that in effect (SOME SUPERIOR) races have (RIGHTS ADVANTAGE) over inferior (RACES PEOPLE)rdquo

____ ________

____ ____

bull 4 ldquoIf the declaration of the rights of (HUMANS MAN) was written for the blacks of equatorial Africa then by what right do you impose regular (COMMERCE RULE) upon themrdquo

_________

bull 5 ldquoI (REFUTE REPEAT) that superior races have a (RIGHT ABILITY) because they have a duty They have the duty to (CHRISTIANIZE CIVILIZE) inferior racesrdquo

________

____

bull 6 ldquo[The Republican Party] is quite (UNAWARE AWARE) that one cannot impose upon France a political ideal conforming to that of nations like (INDEPENDENT COLONIAL) Belgium and the (OTTOMAN EMPIRE SWISS REPUBLIC)rdquo

___________

_________

bull 7 ldquoSomething else is needed for France that she cannot be merely a (FREE AVERAGE) country that she must also be a (POWERFUL GREAT) country exercizing all her rightful (POWER INFLUENCE) over the destiny of Europe that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the (WORLD CONTINENT) and carry everywhere that she can her (LANGUAGE CULTURE) her customs her (FLAG BANNER) her arms and her (LEGACY GENIUS)

__ ____________

__________

PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE

bull Section IIbull pp 48-54

THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931

ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the

University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory

of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______

ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century

Martin EvansPortsmith

1997

Algerian 54 62

Twentieth

The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the

bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period

of time

bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend

bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________

bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself

Lyautey77

1854 1934

MoroccanGovernor

en brosse

colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE

standing up like brush bristles

PURPOSES of the Exhibition

bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its

emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious

bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further

reinforced this point

ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________

bull The empire functioned as a large ________________

hearts minds

economicWall Street Crash

Depressiontrading bloc

PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION

bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a

battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary

________________and religious ______________rdquo

ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire

civilizing

light darknesscivilized UNcivilized

feudalism bigotrymodel

bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death

bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little

bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo

~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931

French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating

imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________

stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition

bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo

stamp

cinema broadcasting

a single day

French Colonial Exposition of 1831

bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies

bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture

Greater France110 million

Third

The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos

annexationndash ____th anniversary of the

invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President

_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge

May 6 1931

50

100

ParisBois de Vincennes

1004

Gaston Doumerguecavalry

100

The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France

depicting the country as a colonial genius

bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses

arch

THE GROUNDS

bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying

empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries

mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the

symbolic importance of the Exhibition

Great Hall

frescoes

troops

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________

bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular

attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to

_____________ to keep crowds in control

Angkor Wat

weekends

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

bull 3 ldquoGentlemen I must speaker from a (HIGHER LOWER) and more truthful (PLANE GROUND) It must be stated openly that in effect (SOME SUPERIOR) races have (RIGHTS ADVANTAGE) over inferior (RACES PEOPLE)rdquo

____ ________

____ ____

bull 4 ldquoIf the declaration of the rights of (HUMANS MAN) was written for the blacks of equatorial Africa then by what right do you impose regular (COMMERCE RULE) upon themrdquo

_________

bull 5 ldquoI (REFUTE REPEAT) that superior races have a (RIGHT ABILITY) because they have a duty They have the duty to (CHRISTIANIZE CIVILIZE) inferior racesrdquo

________

____

bull 6 ldquo[The Republican Party] is quite (UNAWARE AWARE) that one cannot impose upon France a political ideal conforming to that of nations like (INDEPENDENT COLONIAL) Belgium and the (OTTOMAN EMPIRE SWISS REPUBLIC)rdquo

___________

_________

bull 7 ldquoSomething else is needed for France that she cannot be merely a (FREE AVERAGE) country that she must also be a (POWERFUL GREAT) country exercizing all her rightful (POWER INFLUENCE) over the destiny of Europe that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the (WORLD CONTINENT) and carry everywhere that she can her (LANGUAGE CULTURE) her customs her (FLAG BANNER) her arms and her (LEGACY GENIUS)

__ ____________

__________

PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE

bull Section IIbull pp 48-54

THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931

ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the

University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory

of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______

ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century

Martin EvansPortsmith

1997

Algerian 54 62

Twentieth

The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the

bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period

of time

bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend

bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________

bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself

Lyautey77

1854 1934

MoroccanGovernor

en brosse

colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE

standing up like brush bristles

PURPOSES of the Exhibition

bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its

emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious

bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further

reinforced this point

ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________

bull The empire functioned as a large ________________

hearts minds

economicWall Street Crash

Depressiontrading bloc

PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION

bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a

battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary

________________and religious ______________rdquo

ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire

civilizing

light darknesscivilized UNcivilized

feudalism bigotrymodel

bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death

bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little

bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo

~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931

French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating

imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________

stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition

bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo

stamp

cinema broadcasting

a single day

French Colonial Exposition of 1831

bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies

bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture

Greater France110 million

Third

The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos

annexationndash ____th anniversary of the

invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President

_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge

May 6 1931

50

100

ParisBois de Vincennes

1004

Gaston Doumerguecavalry

100

The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France

depicting the country as a colonial genius

bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses

arch

THE GROUNDS

bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying

empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries

mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the

symbolic importance of the Exhibition

Great Hall

frescoes

troops

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________

bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular

attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to

_____________ to keep crowds in control

Angkor Wat

weekends

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

bull 4 ldquoIf the declaration of the rights of (HUMANS MAN) was written for the blacks of equatorial Africa then by what right do you impose regular (COMMERCE RULE) upon themrdquo

_________

bull 5 ldquoI (REFUTE REPEAT) that superior races have a (RIGHT ABILITY) because they have a duty They have the duty to (CHRISTIANIZE CIVILIZE) inferior racesrdquo

________

____

bull 6 ldquo[The Republican Party] is quite (UNAWARE AWARE) that one cannot impose upon France a political ideal conforming to that of nations like (INDEPENDENT COLONIAL) Belgium and the (OTTOMAN EMPIRE SWISS REPUBLIC)rdquo

___________

_________

bull 7 ldquoSomething else is needed for France that she cannot be merely a (FREE AVERAGE) country that she must also be a (POWERFUL GREAT) country exercizing all her rightful (POWER INFLUENCE) over the destiny of Europe that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the (WORLD CONTINENT) and carry everywhere that she can her (LANGUAGE CULTURE) her customs her (FLAG BANNER) her arms and her (LEGACY GENIUS)

__ ____________

__________

PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE

bull Section IIbull pp 48-54

THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931

ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the

University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory

of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______

ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century

Martin EvansPortsmith

1997

Algerian 54 62

Twentieth

The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the

bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period

of time

bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend

bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________

bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself

Lyautey77

1854 1934

MoroccanGovernor

en brosse

colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE

standing up like brush bristles

PURPOSES of the Exhibition

bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its

emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious

bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further

reinforced this point

ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________

bull The empire functioned as a large ________________

hearts minds

economicWall Street Crash

Depressiontrading bloc

PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION

bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a

battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary

________________and religious ______________rdquo

ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire

civilizing

light darknesscivilized UNcivilized

feudalism bigotrymodel

bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death

bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little

bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo

~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931

French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating

imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________

stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition

bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo

stamp

cinema broadcasting

a single day

French Colonial Exposition of 1831

bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies

bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture

Greater France110 million

Third

The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos

annexationndash ____th anniversary of the

invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President

_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge

May 6 1931

50

100

ParisBois de Vincennes

1004

Gaston Doumerguecavalry

100

The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France

depicting the country as a colonial genius

bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses

arch

THE GROUNDS

bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying

empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries

mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the

symbolic importance of the Exhibition

Great Hall

frescoes

troops

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________

bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular

attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to

_____________ to keep crowds in control

Angkor Wat

weekends

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

bull 5 ldquoI (REFUTE REPEAT) that superior races have a (RIGHT ABILITY) because they have a duty They have the duty to (CHRISTIANIZE CIVILIZE) inferior racesrdquo

________

____

bull 6 ldquo[The Republican Party] is quite (UNAWARE AWARE) that one cannot impose upon France a political ideal conforming to that of nations like (INDEPENDENT COLONIAL) Belgium and the (OTTOMAN EMPIRE SWISS REPUBLIC)rdquo

___________

_________

bull 7 ldquoSomething else is needed for France that she cannot be merely a (FREE AVERAGE) country that she must also be a (POWERFUL GREAT) country exercizing all her rightful (POWER INFLUENCE) over the destiny of Europe that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the (WORLD CONTINENT) and carry everywhere that she can her (LANGUAGE CULTURE) her customs her (FLAG BANNER) her arms and her (LEGACY GENIUS)

__ ____________

__________

PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE

bull Section IIbull pp 48-54

THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931

ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the

University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory

of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______

ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century

Martin EvansPortsmith

1997

Algerian 54 62

Twentieth

The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the

bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period

of time

bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend

bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________

bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself

Lyautey77

1854 1934

MoroccanGovernor

en brosse

colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE

standing up like brush bristles

PURPOSES of the Exhibition

bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its

emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious

bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further

reinforced this point

ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________

bull The empire functioned as a large ________________

hearts minds

economicWall Street Crash

Depressiontrading bloc

PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION

bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a

battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary

________________and religious ______________rdquo

ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire

civilizing

light darknesscivilized UNcivilized

feudalism bigotrymodel

bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death

bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little

bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo

~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931

French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating

imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________

stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition

bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo

stamp

cinema broadcasting

a single day

French Colonial Exposition of 1831

bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies

bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture

Greater France110 million

Third

The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos

annexationndash ____th anniversary of the

invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President

_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge

May 6 1931

50

100

ParisBois de Vincennes

1004

Gaston Doumerguecavalry

100

The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France

depicting the country as a colonial genius

bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses

arch

THE GROUNDS

bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying

empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries

mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the

symbolic importance of the Exhibition

Great Hall

frescoes

troops

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________

bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular

attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to

_____________ to keep crowds in control

Angkor Wat

weekends

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

bull 6 ldquo[The Republican Party] is quite (UNAWARE AWARE) that one cannot impose upon France a political ideal conforming to that of nations like (INDEPENDENT COLONIAL) Belgium and the (OTTOMAN EMPIRE SWISS REPUBLIC)rdquo

___________

_________

bull 7 ldquoSomething else is needed for France that she cannot be merely a (FREE AVERAGE) country that she must also be a (POWERFUL GREAT) country exercizing all her rightful (POWER INFLUENCE) over the destiny of Europe that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the (WORLD CONTINENT) and carry everywhere that she can her (LANGUAGE CULTURE) her customs her (FLAG BANNER) her arms and her (LEGACY GENIUS)

__ ____________

__________

PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE

bull Section IIbull pp 48-54

THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931

ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the

University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory

of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______

ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century

Martin EvansPortsmith

1997

Algerian 54 62

Twentieth

The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the

bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period

of time

bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend

bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________

bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself

Lyautey77

1854 1934

MoroccanGovernor

en brosse

colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE

standing up like brush bristles

PURPOSES of the Exhibition

bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its

emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious

bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further

reinforced this point

ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________

bull The empire functioned as a large ________________

hearts minds

economicWall Street Crash

Depressiontrading bloc

PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION

bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a

battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary

________________and religious ______________rdquo

ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire

civilizing

light darknesscivilized UNcivilized

feudalism bigotrymodel

bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death

bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little

bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo

~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931

French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating

imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________

stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition

bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo

stamp

cinema broadcasting

a single day

French Colonial Exposition of 1831

bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies

bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture

Greater France110 million

Third

The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos

annexationndash ____th anniversary of the

invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President

_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge

May 6 1931

50

100

ParisBois de Vincennes

1004

Gaston Doumerguecavalry

100

The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France

depicting the country as a colonial genius

bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses

arch

THE GROUNDS

bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying

empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries

mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the

symbolic importance of the Exhibition

Great Hall

frescoes

troops

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________

bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular

attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to

_____________ to keep crowds in control

Angkor Wat

weekends

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

bull 7 ldquoSomething else is needed for France that she cannot be merely a (FREE AVERAGE) country that she must also be a (POWERFUL GREAT) country exercizing all her rightful (POWER INFLUENCE) over the destiny of Europe that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the (WORLD CONTINENT) and carry everywhere that she can her (LANGUAGE CULTURE) her customs her (FLAG BANNER) her arms and her (LEGACY GENIUS)

__ ____________

__________

PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE

bull Section IIbull pp 48-54

THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931

ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the

University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory

of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______

ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century

Martin EvansPortsmith

1997

Algerian 54 62

Twentieth

The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the

bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period

of time

bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend

bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________

bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself

Lyautey77

1854 1934

MoroccanGovernor

en brosse

colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE

standing up like brush bristles

PURPOSES of the Exhibition

bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its

emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious

bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further

reinforced this point

ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________

bull The empire functioned as a large ________________

hearts minds

economicWall Street Crash

Depressiontrading bloc

PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION

bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a

battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary

________________and religious ______________rdquo

ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire

civilizing

light darknesscivilized UNcivilized

feudalism bigotrymodel

bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death

bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little

bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo

~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931

French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating

imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________

stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition

bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo

stamp

cinema broadcasting

a single day

French Colonial Exposition of 1831

bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies

bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture

Greater France110 million

Third

The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos

annexationndash ____th anniversary of the

invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President

_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge

May 6 1931

50

100

ParisBois de Vincennes

1004

Gaston Doumerguecavalry

100

The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France

depicting the country as a colonial genius

bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses

arch

THE GROUNDS

bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying

empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries

mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the

symbolic importance of the Exhibition

Great Hall

frescoes

troops

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________

bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular

attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to

_____________ to keep crowds in control

Angkor Wat

weekends

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE

bull Section IIbull pp 48-54

THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931

ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the

University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory

of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______

ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century

Martin EvansPortsmith

1997

Algerian 54 62

Twentieth

The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the

bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period

of time

bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend

bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________

bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself

Lyautey77

1854 1934

MoroccanGovernor

en brosse

colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE

standing up like brush bristles

PURPOSES of the Exhibition

bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its

emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious

bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further

reinforced this point

ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________

bull The empire functioned as a large ________________

hearts minds

economicWall Street Crash

Depressiontrading bloc

PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION

bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a

battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary

________________and religious ______________rdquo

ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire

civilizing

light darknesscivilized UNcivilized

feudalism bigotrymodel

bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death

bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little

bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo

~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931

French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating

imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________

stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition

bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo

stamp

cinema broadcasting

a single day

French Colonial Exposition of 1831

bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies

bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture

Greater France110 million

Third

The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos

annexationndash ____th anniversary of the

invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President

_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge

May 6 1931

50

100

ParisBois de Vincennes

1004

Gaston Doumerguecavalry

100

The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France

depicting the country as a colonial genius

bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses

arch

THE GROUNDS

bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying

empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries

mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the

symbolic importance of the Exhibition

Great Hall

frescoes

troops

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________

bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular

attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to

_____________ to keep crowds in control

Angkor Wat

weekends

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931

ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the

University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory

of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______

ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century

Martin EvansPortsmith

1997

Algerian 54 62

Twentieth

The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the

bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period

of time

bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend

bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________

bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself

Lyautey77

1854 1934

MoroccanGovernor

en brosse

colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE

standing up like brush bristles

PURPOSES of the Exhibition

bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its

emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious

bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further

reinforced this point

ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________

bull The empire functioned as a large ________________

hearts minds

economicWall Street Crash

Depressiontrading bloc

PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION

bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a

battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary

________________and religious ______________rdquo

ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire

civilizing

light darknesscivilized UNcivilized

feudalism bigotrymodel

bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death

bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little

bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo

~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931

French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating

imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________

stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition

bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo

stamp

cinema broadcasting

a single day

French Colonial Exposition of 1831

bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies

bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture

Greater France110 million

Third

The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos

annexationndash ____th anniversary of the

invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President

_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge

May 6 1931

50

100

ParisBois de Vincennes

1004

Gaston Doumerguecavalry

100

The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France

depicting the country as a colonial genius

bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses

arch

THE GROUNDS

bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying

empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries

mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the

symbolic importance of the Exhibition

Great Hall

frescoes

troops

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________

bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular

attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to

_____________ to keep crowds in control

Angkor Wat

weekends

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the

University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory

of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______

ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century

Martin EvansPortsmith

1997

Algerian 54 62

Twentieth

The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the

bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period

of time

bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend

bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________

bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself

Lyautey77

1854 1934

MoroccanGovernor

en brosse

colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE

standing up like brush bristles

PURPOSES of the Exhibition

bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its

emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious

bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further

reinforced this point

ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________

bull The empire functioned as a large ________________

hearts minds

economicWall Street Crash

Depressiontrading bloc

PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION

bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a

battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary

________________and religious ______________rdquo

ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire

civilizing

light darknesscivilized UNcivilized

feudalism bigotrymodel

bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death

bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little

bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo

~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931

French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating

imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________

stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition

bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo

stamp

cinema broadcasting

a single day

French Colonial Exposition of 1831

bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies

bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture

Greater France110 million

Third

The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos

annexationndash ____th anniversary of the

invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President

_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge

May 6 1931

50

100

ParisBois de Vincennes

1004

Gaston Doumerguecavalry

100

The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France

depicting the country as a colonial genius

bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses

arch

THE GROUNDS

bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying

empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries

mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the

symbolic importance of the Exhibition

Great Hall

frescoes

troops

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________

bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular

attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to

_____________ to keep crowds in control

Angkor Wat

weekends

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the

bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period

of time

bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend

bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________

bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself

Lyautey77

1854 1934

MoroccanGovernor

en brosse

colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE

standing up like brush bristles

PURPOSES of the Exhibition

bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its

emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious

bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further

reinforced this point

ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________

bull The empire functioned as a large ________________

hearts minds

economicWall Street Crash

Depressiontrading bloc

PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION

bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a

battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary

________________and religious ______________rdquo

ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire

civilizing

light darknesscivilized UNcivilized

feudalism bigotrymodel

bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death

bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little

bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo

~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931

French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating

imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________

stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition

bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo

stamp

cinema broadcasting

a single day

French Colonial Exposition of 1831

bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies

bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture

Greater France110 million

Third

The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos

annexationndash ____th anniversary of the

invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President

_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge

May 6 1931

50

100

ParisBois de Vincennes

1004

Gaston Doumerguecavalry

100

The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France

depicting the country as a colonial genius

bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses

arch

THE GROUNDS

bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying

empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries

mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the

symbolic importance of the Exhibition

Great Hall

frescoes

troops

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________

bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular

attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to

_____________ to keep crowds in control

Angkor Wat

weekends

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

PURPOSES of the Exhibition

bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its

emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious

bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further

reinforced this point

ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________

bull The empire functioned as a large ________________

hearts minds

economicWall Street Crash

Depressiontrading bloc

PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION

bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a

battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary

________________and religious ______________rdquo

ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire

civilizing

light darknesscivilized UNcivilized

feudalism bigotrymodel

bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death

bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little

bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo

~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931

French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating

imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________

stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition

bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo

stamp

cinema broadcasting

a single day

French Colonial Exposition of 1831

bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies

bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture

Greater France110 million

Third

The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos

annexationndash ____th anniversary of the

invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President

_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge

May 6 1931

50

100

ParisBois de Vincennes

1004

Gaston Doumerguecavalry

100

The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France

depicting the country as a colonial genius

bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses

arch

THE GROUNDS

bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying

empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries

mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the

symbolic importance of the Exhibition

Great Hall

frescoes

troops

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________

bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular

attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to

_____________ to keep crowds in control

Angkor Wat

weekends

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION

bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a

battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary

________________and religious ______________rdquo

ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire

civilizing

light darknesscivilized UNcivilized

feudalism bigotrymodel

bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death

bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little

bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo

~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931

French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating

imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________

stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition

bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo

stamp

cinema broadcasting

a single day

French Colonial Exposition of 1831

bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies

bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture

Greater France110 million

Third

The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos

annexationndash ____th anniversary of the

invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President

_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge

May 6 1931

50

100

ParisBois de Vincennes

1004

Gaston Doumerguecavalry

100

The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France

depicting the country as a colonial genius

bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses

arch

THE GROUNDS

bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying

empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries

mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the

symbolic importance of the Exhibition

Great Hall

frescoes

troops

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________

bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular

attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to

_____________ to keep crowds in control

Angkor Wat

weekends

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death

bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little

bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo

~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931

French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating

imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________

stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition

bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo

stamp

cinema broadcasting

a single day

French Colonial Exposition of 1831

bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies

bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture

Greater France110 million

Third

The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos

annexationndash ____th anniversary of the

invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President

_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge

May 6 1931

50

100

ParisBois de Vincennes

1004

Gaston Doumerguecavalry

100

The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France

depicting the country as a colonial genius

bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses

arch

THE GROUNDS

bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying

empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries

mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the

symbolic importance of the Exhibition

Great Hall

frescoes

troops

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________

bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular

attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to

_____________ to keep crowds in control

Angkor Wat

weekends

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating

imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________

stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition

bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo

stamp

cinema broadcasting

a single day

French Colonial Exposition of 1831

bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies

bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture

Greater France110 million

Third

The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos

annexationndash ____th anniversary of the

invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President

_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge

May 6 1931

50

100

ParisBois de Vincennes

1004

Gaston Doumerguecavalry

100

The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France

depicting the country as a colonial genius

bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses

arch

THE GROUNDS

bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying

empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries

mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the

symbolic importance of the Exhibition

Great Hall

frescoes

troops

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________

bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular

attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to

_____________ to keep crowds in control

Angkor Wat

weekends

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

French Colonial Exposition of 1831

bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies

bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture

Greater France110 million

Third

The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos

annexationndash ____th anniversary of the

invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President

_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge

May 6 1931

50

100

ParisBois de Vincennes

1004

Gaston Doumerguecavalry

100

The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France

depicting the country as a colonial genius

bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses

arch

THE GROUNDS

bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying

empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries

mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the

symbolic importance of the Exhibition

Great Hall

frescoes

troops

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________

bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular

attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to

_____________ to keep crowds in control

Angkor Wat

weekends

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies

bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture

Greater France110 million

Third

The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos

annexationndash ____th anniversary of the

invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President

_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge

May 6 1931

50

100

ParisBois de Vincennes

1004

Gaston Doumerguecavalry

100

The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France

depicting the country as a colonial genius

bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses

arch

THE GROUNDS

bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying

empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries

mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the

symbolic importance of the Exhibition

Great Hall

frescoes

troops

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________

bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular

attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to

_____________ to keep crowds in control

Angkor Wat

weekends

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos

annexationndash ____th anniversary of the

invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President

_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge

May 6 1931

50

100

ParisBois de Vincennes

1004

Gaston Doumerguecavalry

100

The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France

depicting the country as a colonial genius

bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses

arch

THE GROUNDS

bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying

empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries

mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the

symbolic importance of the Exhibition

Great Hall

frescoes

troops

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________

bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular

attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to

_____________ to keep crowds in control

Angkor Wat

weekends

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France

depicting the country as a colonial genius

bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses

arch

THE GROUNDS

bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying

empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries

mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the

symbolic importance of the Exhibition

Great Hall

frescoes

troops

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________

bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular

attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to

_____________ to keep crowds in control

Angkor Wat

weekends

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

THE GROUNDS

bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying

empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries

mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the

symbolic importance of the Exhibition

Great Hall

frescoes

troops

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________

bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular

attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to

_____________ to keep crowds in control

Angkor Wat

weekends

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________

bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular

attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to

_____________ to keep crowds in control

Angkor Wat

weekends

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline

bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________

bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium

bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers

entertainment exoticism

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill

___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French

people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring

bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition

superiority

French Revolution

LrsquoIllustration

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

The Exhibitionrsquos events

bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

SPEAKER

bull Prince _________________

bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________

bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________

endeavor

Lanzo di Scalea

colonies

ideological

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo

Homeric Odysseywhite

civilised

barbaric

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart

bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate

_______________into the French consciousness

bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________

bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire

Paul Reynaudcolonies

imperialism

identify

Europe

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly

documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism

bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution

to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops

died in World War I

information

militaryWest African

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

Tirailleurs Senegalais

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially

extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult

ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance

ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________

bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and

1930s

underground8

Communists Surrealists

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________

ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier

also tied themselves to the Exhibition

Pierre LotiEdith Piaf

Mon Legionnaire

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition

bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office

successndash based on a _______ pulp

fiction novelndash Starring _____________

as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute

Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko

1937

1931Jean Gabin

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld

ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary

ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a

_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out

drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing

about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________

again

AlgiersCasbah

Slimane

psychological

Paris

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more

than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the

________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination

bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________

bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders

bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip

chaos disordersuicide

ambivalent

Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges

prostitutes

fascination fear

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective

bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French

Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash

3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists

bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France

bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________

ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time

systematically

hapharzardly

RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine

Franco-Prussian1870 1871

class

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France

bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid

France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its

empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)

ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________

TAXES RECRUITS

1920s 1930s

1914 1918

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

An economic perspective

bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more

bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades

ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change

Colonial

phosphates

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

France implemented _______________on a grand scale

bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production

= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native

populations

forced labor

labor for wagesnon-cash

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into

makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou

railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast

were forced to do timber felling and plantation work

civilization

labor camps42000 Ivory Coast

1921 193016000

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

Conditions

bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial

railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from

bull undernourishmentbull disease

bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for

_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions

Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932

13100

profits

indigenous

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy

bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan

commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these

situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the

French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939

500

0

13

quadrupled

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society

bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by

1930 leaving over _______the local population landless

bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in

________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million

hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned

_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria

TonkinAnnam

12

18901940

213

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most

efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices

ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market

bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs

bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE

North African

captive

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most

important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius

that had cultivated the __________________

bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization

bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply

religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food

_______________ for local consumption

4th

desert

empty space

Muslims

resources

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption

bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced

______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they

could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at

this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of

bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems

tripled65

infant mortality

1

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the

French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines

exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________

cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger

bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures

ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads

Great Depression

settlersrsquoracial

rural coastalshantytowns

1937

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

French journalist ______________

bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________

bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for

garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which

muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as

high as ________ndash Half the population survived on

grass and roots

ALBERT CAMUS

Kabyle

80

Algerians

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion

ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)

ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed

bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained

______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________

ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart

MoroccoSyria

Indochina

assimilation

cultural racial

French citizenshipPopular Front

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed

ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________

bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies

bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued

bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions

ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______

ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms

bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land

1848 18811912

proximity

250006 million

1936

North African Star 1937arson attacks

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY

ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict

bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this

action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false

divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________

ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support

BerberMuslimMoroccan Action

self-government

1260

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

Tunisian opposition

bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform

by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian

______________________

Destour

1920

independence

parliament

middle class

Liberal Constitution

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

Tunisian opposition

bull The ________________ party emerged in

1934ndash young lawyer _______________________

headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________

bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government

Neo-Destour

Habib Bourguiba

Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes

1937

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

French Response Follows Pattern

bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign

power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour

bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved

Moroccan Action Committee

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

The importance of empire

bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s

bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene

bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope

isolated

brutality

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called

for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the

news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign

bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________

raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE

raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people

the ItalianTunisia

Fascist

hands-off

Edouard Daladier

empire110

42

December 1938 January 1939

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

FRENCH HUMILIATION

bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks

from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German

occupation and national humiliation

bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________

May June 19404

World War II

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

The legacy of empire

bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being

bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and

permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended

colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined

nationalist

false climax

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French

colonization

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-

European world

bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus

bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine

bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier

bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others

bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar

bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please

bull 1

bull 2

bull 3

bull 4

4 years

Gaston Doumergue

May 6 1931

Bois de Vincennes in Paris

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

bull 5

bull 6

bull 7

bull 8

It covered 110 hectares

They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks

Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress

A 100 gun salute

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire

Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal

Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies

Paul Reynaud

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

Marshal Hubert Lyautey

Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius

Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces

A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI

8 million

It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success

genrecolonial

1937ox office

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan

athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman

1931Gabin

Kingcasbah

Slimane

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew

troubled

beggar

Paris

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)

bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong

warning

violencedangerous

outsiders

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year

To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp

Many workers die from disease and malnourishment

Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine

Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with

Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

Social division and inequalities were intensified

All were savagely repressed

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

ORDERING

bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia

the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party

arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial

rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches

and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings

bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920

bull 5 - 1934

bull 4 - 1926

bull 8 - 1938-39

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP

STOP

• NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
• French Colonial Expansion
• The Speech
• The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
• The system of Colonial Expansion
• Job 1 the economic ideas
• Say what DOCTRINAIRES
• COMMERCIAL TREATIES
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
• Slide 15
• THE DEBATE
• Slide 17
• Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
• Slide 19
• Certain considerations hellip
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• ____
• 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
• Slide 37
• ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
• The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
• PURPOSES of the Exhibition
• PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
• Slide 42
• French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
• French Colonial Exposition of 1831
• Slide 45
• The Exhibition Opened _________
• Slide 47
• The Grounds
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• THE GROUNDS
• A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
• Slide 54
• Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
• Attitudinal Goals
• The Exhibitionrsquos events
• SPEAKER
• Slide 59
• Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
• INFORMATION PLEASE
• Tirailleurs Senegalais
• A Huge Success
• POP CULTURE
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
• Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
• Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
• The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
• The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
• World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
• An economic perspective
• France implemented _______________on a grand scale
• Slide 73
• Conditions
• France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
• Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
• Tunisia and Morocco
• ALGERIAN WINE
• Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
• Colonial opposition
• French journalist ______________
• OPEN REBELLION
• Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
• Opposition Spread to Morocco
• Tunisian opposition
• Tunisian opposition (2)
• French Response Follows Pattern
• The importance of empire
• The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
• FRENCH HUMILIATION
• The legacy of empire
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
• 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
• 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
• Slide 99
• Slide 100
• Slide 101
• Slide 102
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
• 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Slide 109
• ORDERING
• STOP