New Jersey Tree and Shrub Planting Guide - USDA · 2017-10-10 · Page 1 New Jersey Tree and Shrub Planting Guide NJ NRCS FOTG October 2017. To be used when planning practices such

New Jersey Tree and Shrub Planting Guide

Table of Contents

Planting Density Specifications……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………2 Table 1: Number of Trees to Plant for Traditional Forestry Products and Carbon Sequestration…………………………………………………………………………….2 Table 2: Planting Densities of Trees to Plant for Riparian Forest Buffers…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………2 Table 3: Recommended Spacing Within and Between Rows for Windbreaks and Shelterbelts……………………………………………………………………………….3 Natural Regeneration…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………….3

Care, Handling, Size, and Planting Requirements for Woody Planting Stock……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….4

Preparation of Planting Sites and Planting Dates……..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….5 Table 4: Recommended Site Preparation Based on Soil Type and Previous Land Management……………………………………………………………………………...5 Table 5: Planting Dates……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………6

Seedling Protection from Wildlife………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………7 Table 6: Options to Protect Seedlings from Deer Pressure……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..7

Characteristics of Trees and Shrubs……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………8 Table 7: Characteristics of Upland Trees…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………8 Table 8: Characteristics of Upland Shrubs……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..22 Table 9: Characteristics of Lowland Trees and Shrubs…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..32

Map of Major Land Resource Areas in New Jersey…………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………35 Map of Plant Hardiness Zones in New Jersey…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….36

References…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………37

Page 1 New Jersey Tree and Shrub Planting Guide NJ NRCS FOTG October 2017

To be used when planning practices such as Windbreak/Shelterbelt Establishment (380), Riparian Forest Buffer (391), Hedgerow Planting (422), and Tree/Shrub Establishment (612). Other Conservation Practice Standards related to the planting or regeneration of trees and shrubs must utilize the information in this

document for planning purposes.

PLANTING DENSITY SPECIFICATIONS

TABLE 1: NUMBER OF TREES TO PLANT FOR TRADITIONAL FORESTRY PRODUCTS and CARBON SEQUESTRATION

SITE CONDITION TREE TYPE AND REQUIRED SPACING*

PINES AND OTHER CONIFERS HARDWOODS ATLANTIC WHITE CEDAR

Agricultural field or cleared woodlots with few if any trees.

600 minimum per acre. 8’ X 9’ approximate spacing



Understocked woodlands (Maximum basal area 60 square feet) (A professional forester should prepare the plan.)

300 minimum per acre. Total number of planted and existing desirable seedlings should equal 600 minimum per acre

200 minimum per acre Total number of planted and existing desirable seedlings should equal 400 minimum per acre

500 minimum per acre. Total number of planted and existing desirable seedlings should equal 1000 minimum per acre

*Greater spacing between trees and shrubs is permissible if the stated purpose for the tree planting is something other than traditional forest products. A minimum planting density is 200 trees and shrubs per acre.

TABLE 2: PLANTING DENSTITIES OF TREES TO PLANT FOR RIPARIAN FOREST BUFFERS

PLANT TYPES WITH TYPICAL HEIGHTS AT 20 YEARS OF AGE PLANT –TO –PLANT SPACING (FT)* Shrubs, less than 10 feet 3 – 6 Shrubs and trees, 10 to 25 feet (includes columnar trees) 5 – 8 Trees, greater than 25 feet 8 – 12 * Greater spacing between trees and shrubs is permissible in Zone 2 if early successional habitat is desired. A minimum planting density is 200 trees and shrubs per acre.


TABLE 3: RECOMMENDED SPACING WITHIN AND BETWEEN ROWS FOR WINDBREAKS AND SHELTERBELTS

PLANT TYPE

SPACING WITHIN ROWS (FT) SPACING BETWEEN ROWS (FT)

PROTECTION FROM WIND AND WIND- BORNE ODORS,

PARTICULATES, CHEMICALS, SNOW

NOISE AND VISUAL SCREENS ALL PURPOSES

Single Row Multiple Rows Single Row Multiple Rows

Shrubs 3 - 5 3 - 6 2 - 4 2 - 5 10 - 20

Deciduous Trees 8 - 12 10 - 18 5 - 8 8 - 10 10 - 20 Evergreen Trees (columnar form) 5 - 8 6 - 10 3 - 5 4 - 8 10 - 20

Evergreen Trees (conical & broad forms) 8 - 12 8 - 16 4 - 6 6 - 10 10 - 20

NATURAL REGENERATION

Natural regeneration or direct seeding may be used where rapid establishment is not a priority and invasive plant species are absent. Adequate seed or advanced reproduction needs to be present or provided when using natural regeneration. The acceptability and timing of coppice (sprouting from stumps or roots) regeneration shall be based on species, age, and diameter.

A naturally regenerated forest is considered established when plant densities reach the planted densities recommended above. Three growing seasons is a reasonable amount of time in which to determine if natural regeneration is successful. Trees and shrubs are considered established when they have begun to dominate herbaceous plants and undesirable shrubs.

A professional forester should prepare the regeneration plans if natural regeneration is proposed


CARE, HANDLING, SIZE AND PLANTING REQUIREMENTS FOR WOODY PLANTING STOCK

Planting stock needs be stored in a cool, moist environment (34-38 degrees F) or heeled in, which refers to the practice of digging a trench six inches deep by several feet long and placing seedlings in the trench for temporary storage. When seedlings are heeled in, they are placed side by side and soil is placed over the roots to planting depth. During all stages of handling and storage, keep stock tops dry and free of mold and roots moist and cool. Destroy stock that has been allowed to dry, to heat up in storage (e.g. within a bale, delivery carton or container) or that has developed mold or other pests. Live cuttings that will not be immediately planted should be promptly placed in controlled storage conditions (34-38 degrees F) and protected until planting time.

Seedlings shall not be less than 1/4” in caliper at 1” above the root collar. For cuttings, avoid using material less than 1/4” in diameter. Rooted planting stock must not exceed a 2:1 shoot-to-root ratio. Container stock should not exceed a 1-gallon can size. Refer to Figure 1.

Roots of bare-root stock must be kept moist during planting operations by placing in a water-soil (mud) slurry, peat moss, super-absorbent (e.g. polyacrylamide) slurry or other equivalent material. Rooting medium of container or potted stock should be kept moist at all times by periodic watering. Pre-treat stored cuttings with several days of soaking just before planting. Stock shall not be planted when the soil is frozen or dry. Rooted stock will be planted in a vertical position with the root collars approximately 1/2-inch below the soil surface.

Insert cuttings to the depth required to reach adequate

soil moisture with at least 2-3 buds above ground. The planting trench or hole must be deep and wide enough to permit roots to spread out and down without J-rooting or L-rooting. After planting of rooted stock or cuttings, pack soil around each plant firmly to eliminate air pockets. If using a planting bar, refer to figure 2 for

Figure 1: Shoot-to-root ratio is 2:1

Figure 2: Proper Plant and Root Placement of Rooted Stock Using a Planting Bar


PREPARATION OF PLANTING SITES AND PLANTING DATES

Planting sites must be properly prepared based on the soil type and vegetative conditions listed in Table 5. Utilize New Jersey Conservation Practice Standard Tree/Shrub Site Preparation (490) when needed.

TABLE 4: RECOMMENDED SITE PREPARATION BASED ON SOIL TYPE AND PREVIOUS LAND MANAGEMENT

SOIL TYPE(S) PREVIOUS

LAND MANAGEMENT

RECOMMENDED SITE PREPARATION

Loamy or clayey

Sod or hay Sod may be killed by non-selective herbicides the year before planting. Plant stock in the residue. On heavy soils, tillage is usually necessary to achieve a satisfactory planting, especially when a tree planting machine is used.

Sandy Sod or hay When hand planting without site preparation, scalp or strip the existing vegetation from an area at least 3 feet in diameter and two to four inches deep. Plant plants in the center of the scalped area. Alternatively, rototill a 3-foot-wide strip and place plants in the center of the tilled area. Where a drip watering system will not be used, rototill the strip the year prior to planting.

Loamy, clayey, or

sandy

Small grain or row crop

If the site is in small grain, corn, or similar clean tilled crops, and it is reasonably free of weeds, plant stock in the stubble without prior preparation. It may be necessary to till a narrow strip with a disk, or other implement to kill weeds or volunteer grain, or to prevent stalks and other residue from clogging the tree planter. If fabric mulch is used, disking may be needed. A cover crop or stubble may be needed between the rows to protect the planting from erosion.

All soils Previously forested areas

Consult with a professional forester for proper site preparation prior to planting. Methods may include the following mechanical treatments: drum chopping, root-raking, and/or woodland disking. Herbicide treatments may also be used.

Non-tillable sites or erosive sites: On sites where it is not practical or possible to operate equipment (steepness, rockiness, etc.) or tillage of the site will cause excessive erosion, the methods listed below may be used. Sites with undesirable brush will need initial treatments that physically remove or kill the brush. Suitable methods include hand-cutting and removal, brush hogging, or herbicides applications. Machine or hand scalp an area at least 6 inches in diameter with subsequent plant placement in the center of the scalped area. Rototill a strip at least 36 inches wide the year prior to tree planting with subsequent plant placement in the center of the tilled strip. Kill the vegetation in a 36-inch diameter or larger area or in a 36-inch or wider strip with a non-selective herbicide the year prior to planting and plant in the center or along the center-line of the treated area.


Site conditions and possible erosion and sedimentation must be considered and mitigated when preparing sites adjacent to streambanks or shorelines. Competitive weeds, particularly Canada thistle, multiflora rose, sweet fern, or grasses, particularly fescues, need to be controlled prior to planting. Avoid sites that have had recent application of pesticides harmful to the woody species to be planted. If pesticides are used for site preparation, apply only when needed and handle and dispose of properly and within federal, state and local regulations. Follow label directions and heed all precautions listed on the container.

Fabric mulch may be used for weed control and moisture conservation for new plantings on all sites, particularly those with pronounced growing season moisture deficits, or invasive weeds. Refer to New Jersey Conservation Practice Standard Mulching (484) for further guidance.

TABLE 5: PLANTING DATES1

TYPE OF PLANT MATERIAL PLANT HARDINESS ZONE

6a 6b 7a and 7b

Bare-Root Plants2 Mar 15 to May 15* Nov. 1 to Dec. 15 ☼

Mar 1 to May 1* Nov. 1 to Dec. 15 ☼

Feb 15 to April 30* Nov. 1 to Dec. 15 ☼

Containerized Stock; Ball-and-Burlap Stock Mar 15 to May 31* Oct 15 to Dec 1☼

Mar 1 to May 15* Oct 15 to Dec 15 ☼

Feb 15 to May 5* Nov 1 to Dec 15 ☼

1. The planting dates listed are averages for each zone. These dates may require adjustment to reflect local conditions, especially near the boundaries of the zones.

2. When planted during the growing season, most of these materials must be purchased and kept in a dormant condition until planting. * These periods may be extended if irrigation is available. ☼ Frequent freezing and thawing of wet soils may result in frost-heaving of materials planted in late fall, if plants have not sufficiently rooted in place.

Large containerized and ball-and-burlap stock may be planted into the winter months as long as the ground is not frozen and soil moisture is adequate.


SEEDLING PROTECTION FROM WILDLIFE

Newly planted seedlings can be damaged by wildlife. Deer browsing is by far the greatest wildlife hazard, though, beavers will eat new seedlings in certain locales. In addition, mice and voles can chew on the bark and cambium of new seedlings. Since deer-browsing is the biggest wildlife threat to seedling survival, protection strategies from deer are discussed below. Additional information is available from the NJ State Forest Service, Rutgers Cooperative Extension, and commercial vendors of products that protect tree seedlings. These products are advertised in garden or forestry supply catalogues.

In areas of heavy deer populations, use one or more of the three methods in Table 7: Options to Protect Seedlings from Deer Pressure to protect seedlings.

TABLE 6: OPTIONS TO PROTECT SEEDLINGS FROM DEER PRESSURE

OPTION 1: FENCING Livestock-type fencing can be installed around the perimeter of the planting site. Non-electric fence should be 8 feet tall to prevent deer from jumping over the fence. Electric fence can be lower in height, since deer first try to go through or under a fence, before they leap. In this case, they get a shock and remember to avoid the area. See Rutgers Cooperative Extension Fact Sheet Number FS888 “Portable Electric Fencing for Preventing Wildlife Damage”.

OPTION 2: TREE SHELTERS Several types of individual seedling protectors are commercially available. These protectors are small diameter cylindrical covers made out of mesh or opaque materials that are placed over each seedling like a chimney. The solid cylinders not only protect the seedling from predation, but also, create a greenhouse effect that increases seedling growth. To create this greenhouse effect, the base of the shelters must be covered by soil.

OPTION 3: TREE STAKES Use 1” square rot resistant, heartwood stakes of sufficient height to support the tree or tree shelter. It is acceptable to use PVC pipe in flood prone areas.

OPTION 3: CHEMICAL REPELLANTS There are a number of chemical repellants available commercially that discourage deer from browsing on seedlings. These products contain substances that are noxious to deer, such as rotten eggs or hot peppers. These products usually last for 1 to 2 months depending on the weather, after which another application is needed. In areas with extremely high deer population, this method is not very effective without continuous reapplications.


TABLE 7: CHARACTERISTICS OF UPLAND TREES Species are ordered alphabetically by scientific name. Heights and attributes represent expected performance and characteristics of the individual plant at the reference age in dominant canopy

positions on medium-textured, non-saline, neutral pH soils. The reference age for trees is 50 years.

NAME NATIVE1 MATURE HEIGHT

GROWTH RATE

ROOTING TYPE

LIGHT PREFERENCE SOIL

DRAINAGE CLASS2

WINDBREAK OR

SHELTERBELT3

WILDLIFE HABITIAT

& FOOD VALUE4

ORNAMENTAL VALUE & LUMBER PRODUCTION

BANK STABILIZING VALUE

ADDITIONAL REMARKS Full/ part

shade full sun

CONIFER AND EVERGREEN TREES

Atlantic White Cedar Chamaecyparis thyoides

All but 140 80-85’ moderate shallow x VP-W Not

recommended

low - preferred food of deer in winter

dark green evergreen foliage excellent rot resistance for lumber plant in wet or muck soils only

excellent rot resistance

Leyland Cypress X Cupressocyparis leylandii

Introduced to the US

fast W-SP X

40 feet

This is a hybrid of Cupressus macrocarpa and Chamaecyparis nootkatensis. Adaptable to adverse sites; growth is best on good sites. Prone to bagworms, canker, and windthrow. Use in multiple-row plantings to minimize windthrow. Can be planted near poultry house tunnel fans. May be used for one row windbreaks.





GROWTH RATE

ROOTING TYPE


DRAINAGE CLASS2

WINDBREAK OR

SHELTERBELT3

WILDLIFE HABITIAT

& FOOD VALUE4




shade full sun

American Holly Ilex opaca

All but 140 40-50’ slow shallow x x W-P X

20 feet

moderate - berries into late winter. Need male and female plants for fruit production.

evergreen foliage, red berries

fair Can be planted near poultry house tunnel fans, but is very slow-growing. May be suitable for use in Row 1 to reduce wind velocity from fans, but should be backed by a fine-leaved evergreen to trap particulates.

Eastern Red Cedar Juniperus virginiana

All 40-50’ slow shallow x SPD-EX X

20 feet

high - twigs and foliage eaten by deer; provide protective cover and nesting for songbirds; dense

evergreen foliage used for holiday decorations

fair Should not be planted near apple orchards; alternate host of cedar-apple rust. Can be planted near poultry house tunnel fans. May be used for one row windbreaks.

Larch (All Tammaracks) Larix laricina

All but 149A and

153 50-75 fast

Shallow lateral

x VP-SPD Not

recommended

Limited because of insect and disease problems and its relatively poor pulping properties

Once established, can withstand high soil moisture, high soil acidity, and low soil temperatures





GROWTH RATE

ROOTING TYPE


DRAINAGE CLASS2

WINDBREAK OR

SHELTERBELT3

WILDLIFE HABITIAT

& FOOD VALUE4




shade full sun

Norway Spruce Picea abies

Introduced to the US fast W-MW

X

35 feet

Fast growth when young, slows down with age. Does not tolerate hot, dry, or polluted conditions.

White Spruce Picea glauca

No 50-75’ Slow-moderate

Shallow lateral

x x SPD-W X

30 feet

Moderate – ornamental and shade tree

Hardy in zones 6a and 6b. Will tolerate heat and drought better than other spruces

Black Spruce Picea mariana All but

149A and 153

50-75 slow Shallow lateral

x x VP-SPD Not

recommended

Primarily used for pulp because of the smaller size, larger trees could be used for lumber

Shortleaf Pine Pinus echinata

All 80’ moderate taproot x Not

recommended

Moderate – when young acts as a protective cover

High timber value

Plant in the Pine Barrens

Pitch Pine Pinus rigida

All 50-70’ fast taproot x W-EX X

30 feet

Plant in Pine Barrens. Tolerant of dry, rocky, sandy soils. Mature trees are resistant to fire. Will reproduce from stump sprouts





GROWTH RATE

ROOTING TYPE


DRAINAGE CLASS2

WINDBREAK OR

SHELTERBELT3

WILDLIFE HABITIAT

& FOOD VALUE4




shade full sun

White Pine Pinus strobus

All 70-100’ moderate shallow x SPD-W X

40 feet

high - food & cover for birds & mammals, including crossbills and cardinals

fair - good year-round screen and has a feathery foliage

Can be planted near poultry house fans. Does not tolerant much pollution

Loblolly Pine Pinus taeda

No 100’ fast x MW-P X

45 feet

Hardy to zones 6b, 7a, and 7b. Self-prunes lower limbs, best suited in a multiple-row planting with other

Japanese Pine Pinus thumbergii

No

100’ or 20’ on beach sites

fast x E-MW X

35 feet

Potted plants are recomme-nded for the use on dunes

Plant is salt tolerant and is often planted in seashore communities. Protection from strong winds in the first and second years may improve survival

Douglas Fir Pseudotsuga menziesii

Native to only the western

U.S.

moderate x W-MW X

50 feet

High – food for chickadees, red crossbill, finches, chipmunks, deer, shrews, grouse and other mammals

Often planted as a variety of Christmas tree; excellent lumber for construction uses

Prefers deep, moist, well drained soils





GROWTH RATE

ROOTING TYPE


DRAINAGE CLASS2

WINDBREAK OR

SHELTERBELT3

WILDLIFE HABITIAT

& FOOD VALUE4




shade full sun

Arborvitae Thuja occidentalis

To Northern

New Jersey

50’ slow x x W-P X

25 feet

Moderate – provide food and shelter for white-tailed deer and habitat for many species of birds during severe winters

Frequently planted as an ornamental

Prone to bagworms. Can be planted near poultry house tunnel fans. May be used for one row windbreaks. Prefers moist, well drained soils, but tolerates a wide range of conditions. Responds well to thinning-release after establishment

Hemlock Tsuga canadensis

To 140, 144A, and

148 40-70’ moderate

shallow lateral

x P-W Not recommended

moderate - winter deer cover, seeds eaten by small mammals, chickadees, siskins, crossbills, grouse; nesting cover for warblers

attractive foliage, land screen; subject to insect pest – wooly adelgid damage

good

DECIDUOUS TREES

Box Elder Maple Acer negundo

To 140, 144A, 148,

parts of 149 and

153

40-70’ very fast deep lateral

x Not

recommended

low - seeds eaten; provides cover

low very good

Natively a tree of river bottoms and disturbed sites on heavy, wet soils that are seasonally flooded (up to 30 days)





GROWTH RATE

ROOTING TYPE


DRAINAGE CLASS2

WINDBREAK OR

SHELTERBELT3

WILDLIFE HABITIAT

& FOOD VALUE4




shade full sun

Red Maple Acer rubrum

All 40-75’ mod-fast very

shallow x x VP-W

Not recommended

high - seeds, buds eaten by birds & mammals

early red flowers, bright red fall color and bloom

very good

Silver Maple Acer saccharinum

All 60’ moderate shallow x x P-W

Not

recommended

low - moderate; provides cover

silvery foliage very good

Brittle, weak branching habit

Sugar Maple Acer saccharum

All 80-120’ moderate x x W-P X

50 feet

High – the seeds, leaves, and bark of the tree are used by wildlife for food and habitat

Brilliant yellow-orange-red fall colors. Preferred landscape specimen. High value lumber.

Used for commercial syrup production

Yellow Birch Betula allegheniensis

To 140 and 144A

60-90’ slow shallow/ moderate

x P-W Not recommended

high - seeds favorite winter food of pine siskins and redpolls; used by hawks for nesting

shining golden bark fair

Black Birch Betula lenta

To 140, 144A, 148, and parts

of 153

50-75’ moderate shallow x Not

recommended

moderate - catkins, seeds

reddish brown bark fair





GROWTH RATE

ROOTING TYPE


DRAINAGE CLASS2

WINDBREAK OR

SHELTERBELT3

WILDLIFE HABITIAT

& FOOD VALUE4




shade full sun

River Birch Betula nigra

All 70-80’ rapid moderate x P-MW X

50 feet

moderate - seeds eaten by grouse, turkey, small birds and rodents

Balanced, well framed growth habit & interesting features all season, yellow fall color. Unique peeling reddish bark, preferred landscape specimen

good erosion control

Grey Birch Betula populifolia All 20-35’ fast shallow x Not

recommended

moderate - seeds, buds favored by

gray bark fair

American Hornbeam Carpinus caroliniana All 20-30’ slow moderate x x P-EX

Not recommended

moderate - seeds eaten by birds, squirrels

gray bark, fall color fair

Pignut Hickory Carya glabra All 60’ deep x x MW-W

Not recommended

high - nuts used by some mammals

shade tree good

Shagbark Hickory Carya ovata All 75-100 slow taproot x x SPD-W

Not recommended

Moderate – mast production

Mockernut Hickory Carya tomentosa All 75-100 slow taproot x MW-EX

Not recommended

Moderate – mast production

Hackberry Celtis occidentalis All 60-80 moderate

deep lateral

x x SPD-W X

20 feet

Hardy Yellow fall foliage





GROWTH RATE

ROOTING TYPE


DRAINAGE CLASS2

WINDBREAK OR

SHELTERBELT3

WILDLIFE HABITIAT

& FOOD VALUE4




shade full sun

Eastern Redbud Cercis canadensis

All 15-30’ moderate taproot x x W-P X

35 feet

Moderate – will be utilized by many species, but is considered a less desirable food

Showy pink flowers in very early spring with flowers lasting for two to three weeks. Leaves emerge with a reddish color

Tree is fire tolerant, not found on inundated sites, poorly aerated soils, or coarse sands

Persimmon Diospyros virginiana

All 50-75 slow taproot x MW-W Not

recommended

Moderate -fleshy fall fruits persist throughout winter are attractive to many wildlife species

Sometimes used as an ornamental due to its hardiness and adaptability. Wood is hard and shock resistant.

American Beech Fagus grandifolius

All 70-90’ slow shallow x x Not recommended

high - nuts valued by large and small mammals, turkey; favorite tree for black bears

smooth gray bark in winter, copper fall color

fair

White Ash Fraxinus americana All 70-100’ moderate shallow x x SPD-W

X

35 feet

moderate purple or yellow fall color, good lumber

good





GROWTH RATE

ROOTING TYPE


DRAINAGE CLASS2

WINDBREAK OR

SHELTERBELT3

WILDLIFE HABITIAT

& FOOD VALUE4




shade full sun

Green Ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica All 60-80’ fast shallow x x SPD-W

X

35 feet

moderate Purple fall color very good Susceptible to emerald ash borer. Beware of damage and probability of falling trees.

Black Walnut Juglans nigra

All 50-75’ moderate very deep x MW-W X

50 feet

high - nuts eaten by mammals; plant away from edge of water & from gardens: a chemical in the roots & husks of nuts affects fish & many garden plants

edible nuts, attractive shape excellent lumber, mast production Fragrant leaves

fair

Tulip (Yellow) Poplar Liriodendron tulipifera

All

100-120’

moderate

deep x

x MW-W

X

50 feet

moderate – flowers produce abundant nectar, used by bees, some seeds utilized by birds and small mammals

shade tree with showy flowers in uppermost branches

good

Dropped fruits can be messy. Tends to be weak –wooded, not recommended for planting near buildings. Disease resistant





GROWTH RATE

ROOTING TYPE


DRAINAGE CLASS2

WINDBREAK OR

SHELTERBELT3

WILDLIFE HABITIAT

& FOOD VALUE4




shade full sun

Sweet Gum Liquidambar styraciflua All 80-120’

Extremely rapid

adaptable roots/

moderate x x MW-P

X

40 feet

red fall foliage, widely planted as an ornamental.

Hardy in zones 6b, 7a, and 7b. Fallen seed heads can be nuisance on lawns. Fruitless types are available Disease resistant.

Black Gum Nyssa sylvatica

All 50-60’ moderate shallow x x P-W Not

recommended

high - various animals and birds feed off twigs and foliage; provides nesting for variety of

Attractive, brilliant, early autumn foliage

good in slower streams

Hophornbeam Ostrya virginiana To 140,

144A, 148, parts of 149 and parts of

153

25-50’ slow shallow x x Not

recommended

moderate - seeds

yellow fall color; red bark

fair

American Sycamore Platanus occidentalis

All 80-100’ rapid moderate x P-W Not

recommended

high - seeds provide food for birds and small mammals

unique, colorful bark on upper branches Prone to sycamore anthracnose

useful in early establishment in disturbed sites





GROWTH RATE

ROOTING TYPE


DRAINAGE CLASS2

WINDBREAK OR

SHELTERBELT3

WILDLIFE HABITIAT

& FOOD VALUE4




shade full sun

Eastern Cottonwood Poplar Populus deltoides

All 75-100 fast Shallow lateral

x P-EX X

60 feet

Seedlings browsed by rabbits and deer; beavers will use saplings and branches for dam construction

Poor lumber value due to timber being light, weak, and soft.

In some places, used for biomass production. Used for reclamation and erosion control; use caution when planting near structures since trees are susceptible to wind and ice damage. Will tolerate flood damage and pH ranges of 4.5 to 8.0

Quaking Aspen Populus tremuloides To parts of

140, 144A, 148, parts of 149 and

parts of 153

40-60’ fast shallow x Not recommended

moderate - beaver, porcupine, deer; favorite food of beaver; buds important to grouse

can be brittle and also drop branches; fluttering gray-green leaves

fair

Black Cherry Prunus serotina

All 40-60’ moderate deep

taproot x x MW-W Not

recommended

high - berries eaten by many songbirds, mammals, including thrushes, foxes, bears, raccoons;

flowers, attractive reddish brown bark; however, prone to tent caterpillar and fire blight

fair Can be toxic - avoid planting near areas used by livestock





GROWTH RATE

ROOTING TYPE


DRAINAGE CLASS2

WINDBREAK OR

SHELTERBELT3

WILDLIFE HABITIAT

& FOOD VALUE4




shade full sun

Sawtooth Oak Quercus acutissima

No 70’ fast x W-SP X

60 feet

High – prolific mast production of small sized acorns

While the primary use is for wildlife food and cover, often planted for shade trees

Native to eastern Asia and is susceptible to Gypsy Moths and Bacterial Leaf Scorch, tolerates adverse conditions

White Oak Quercus alba

All 75-100 slow taproot x MW-EX X

35 feet

High – mast production

Good lumber species , variable fall color

Swamp White Oak Quercus bicolor

All 60-70’ rapid lateral x x VP-SPD X

30 feet

high - provide cover for birds and mammals, acorns important for wildlife

shade tree for large lawns, attractive fall foliage, good growth for oak lumber

good in slower streams

Good choice for wet sites, requires acid soils

Scarlet Oak Quercus coccinea

All fast W-SP X

45 feet

Excellent red fall color Tolerates poor, dry soils

Pin Oak Quercus palustris

All 70-80’ rapid moderate x x P-W X

35 feet

high- abundant small acorns

Good longevity, fall foliage is attractive bronze or red, has a perpendicular branching pattern

good Susceptible to Gypsy Moth and Bacterial Leaf Scorch





GROWTH RATE

ROOTING TYPE


DRAINAGE CLASS2

WINDBREAK OR

SHELTERBELT3

WILDLIFE HABITIAT

& FOOD VALUE4




shade full sun

Willow Oak Quercus phellos

All but 140 and 144A

80-100’ rapid lateral x x MW-P X

30 feet

high - acorns relished by game animals and birds

shade tree, good lumber species, frequently used as an ornamental planting

good at fluctuating level reservoirs

Hardy in zones 6b, 7a, and 7b.

Chestnut Oak Quercus prinus (montana)

All 50-75 slow taproot x x SPD-W Not

recommended

Northern Red Oak Quercus rubra

All 60-80’ moderate deep lateral

x x MW-W X

40 feet

high - acorns for bear, raccoon, turkey, grouse; favored by hawks for nesting

attractive shape, fine red fall color

good Tolerates urban conditions. Species susceptible to Gypsy Moth and Bacterial Leaf Scorch

Black Oak Quercus velutina All 75-100 medium

Deep lateral/tap

root x x MW-EX

Not recommended

Black Willow Salix nigra

All 50’ very fast very

shallow x VP-SPD

Not recommended

high - cover for nesting

new foliage is attractively colored

excellent, esp. for flood chute





GROWTH RATE

ROOTING TYPE


DRAINAGE CLASS2

WINDBREAK OR

SHELTERBELT3

WILDLIFE HABITIAT

& FOOD VALUE4




shade full sun

Willows (tree-like). Salix sp.

Y/N 30-60’ rapid shallow x VP-SPD X

40 feet

low - buds can provide winter food

early spring green foliage

excellent Must have plenty of water, or it will dieback in periods of drought. Susceptible to storm damage.

Basswood Tilia americana All but

153 70-80’ moderate deep x x W-SP

X

40 feet

Moderate - very attractive to bees

attractive foliage and shape, prefers moist sites

fair Hardy in zones 6a and 6b. Prefers wet sites

1. Native Species. “All” indicates the plant is native to all Major Land Resource Areas (MLRA) in the state. If a plant is just native to one or two MLRA’s, that MLRA is noted. If “no” is listed in this block, then this species is an introduced species. See Figure 3, map on last page

2. Soil Drainage Class. The preferred soil drainage class for the species. VP = very poor, P = poor, SPD = somewhat poorly drained, MW = moderately well drained, MW = moderately well, W = well, and EX = excessively

3. If there is an “X” in this column, the species is recommended for a windbreak/shelterbelt planting. The numeric value in the box represents the anticipated height of the tree, based off of average expected heights after 20 years of growth.

4. Wildlife Value. A rating of “High”, “Moderate”, or “Low” based on the food and/or cover value provided by the plant.


TABLE 8: CHARACTERISTICS OF UPLAND SHRUBS Species are ordered alphabetically by scientific name. Heights and attributes represent expected performance and characteristics of the individual plant at the reference age in dominant canopy

positions on medium-textured, non-saline, neutral pH soils. The reference age for shrubs is 10 years.


GROWTH RATE

ROOTING TYPE


DRAINAGE CLASS2

WINDBREAK OR

SHELTERBELT3

WILDLIFE HABITIAT

& FOOD VALUE4


BANK STABILIZING

VALUE ADDITIONAL REMARKS

full/ part shade

full sun

CONIFER AND EVERGREEN SHRUBS Bayberry Myrica pennsylvanica

All 6’ slow to

moderate

shallow to deep

lateral x

high - abundant winter fruit

evergreen foliage good

DECIDUOUS SHRUBS

Canadian Serviceberry (Shadbush) Amelanchier canadensis

All 20’ moderate shallow lateral

x x W-MW Not recommended

High – pome fruits that are purplish-black, juicy, and sweet. Fruit is eaten by orioles, cardinals, thrushes, catbirds, woodpeckers, waxwings, robins, squirrels, and chipmunks. The larvae of tiger swallowtail butterflies, viceroy, admirals, and striped hairstreak feed on the leaves.

One of the earliest blooming trees in the spring, yellow and gold foliage turns red-orange in the fall.

Plant is very resistant to deer browse.





GROWTH RATE

ROOTING TYPE


DRAINAGE CLASS2

WINDBREAK OR

SHELTERBELT3

WILDLIFE HABITIAT

& FOOD VALUE4


BANK STABILIZING


full/ part shade

full sun

Speckled alder Alnus rugosa

All 15-25’ fast shallow lateral

x x VP-W Not recommended

moderate - buds & twigs browsed by musk- rat, rabbits, moose, deer, beaver, grouse

tiny cones make Xmas decorations

very good

Smooth alder Alnus serrulata All 15’ moderate shallow

lateral x X VP-W Not

recommended high - abundant winter catkins

unique winter catkins excellent This species fixes nitrogen

Red chokeberry Aronia arbutifolia All 12’ moderate shallow

lateral X X VP-W Not

recommended high - abundant winter fruit

fall foliage; colorful berries

good

Black Chokeberry Aronia melanocarpa

All 10’ moderate shallow lateral x x VP-EX

Not recommended

very high - fruits purple fruits, purple fall color

good

Buttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis All 6-12’ moderate

shallow lateral x x VP-W

Not recommended

moderate - high; nectar used by hummingbirds; waterfowl eat seed

white pom-pom like flower clusters; glossy foliage

excellent

Sweet Pepperbush Clethra alnifolia


x x VP-MW Not

recommended

high - fruits, pollen, nectar

white mid-summer flowers

good





GROWTH RATE

ROOTING TYPE


DRAINAGE CLASS2

WINDBREAK OR

SHELTERBELT3

WILDLIFE HABITIAT

& FOOD VALUE4


BANK STABILIZING


full/ part shade

full sun

Silky Dogwood Cornus amomum

All 6-10’ fast shallow lateral x x VP-W

X

10 feet

high - fruits eaten by birds & mammals, will produce fruits at 2-3 years of growth, provides wildlife cover

purple twigs excellent Prefers some shade

Flowering Dogwood Cornus florida

All 15-40’ moderate shallow x x MW-P X

25 feet

High - fruit and twigs are the favorite fall and winter food source for numerous mammals and birds.

Showy white flowers, red-purple fall color. The wood is hard, strong, and shock resistant and is used for specialty items like gold club heads and knitting needles.

Fruit is poisonous to humans, however the root bark is culturally significant as it was used extensively by the Native Americans for medicinal purposes. Often used for reclamations and urban forestry due to the rapid rate in which the leaf litter decays.

Gray Dogwood Cornus racemosa All 10’ moderate

shallow lateral

x x MP-EX Not

recommended

very high - fruit eaten by grouse and pheasant

small whitish flower cluster, white fruits

very good

Red Osier Dogwood Cornus stolonifera

All 4-8’ fast shallow lateral x x VP-W

X

8 feet

high - whitish fruit eaten by birds

bright red stems attractive in winter; white flowers

very good





GROWTH RATE

ROOTING TYPE


DRAINAGE CLASS2

WINDBREAK OR

SHELTERBELT3

WILDLIFE HABITIAT

& FOOD VALUE4


BANK STABILIZING


full/ part shade

full sun

Hazelnut Corylus americana

All but parts of

153 10’ moderate shallow

lateral x x MW-EX Not

recommended

high - nuts eaten by mammals, grouse, pheasant

edible nuts fair

Witch Hazel Hamamelis virginiana

All 20-30’ slow deep

lateral x x VP-W

Not recommended

moderate yellow flowers in autumn after leaves fall

fair potential herbal/medicinal use

Winterberry Holly Ilex verticillata

All 6-10’ slow shallow lateral

x x VP-MW Not

recommended

high - fruits eaten by flickers, thrushes, cedar waxwings, other birds in winter

attractive bright red berries persist into winter, make excellent holiday decorations; will need both male and female plants for fruit production for the floral market

fair

Spicebush Lindera benzoin

All 12’ moderate deep

lateral x x MP-W

Not recommended

high - many mammals and birds eat fruits, buds, & twigs; attracts swallowtail butterflies

spicy scented flowers and leaves; shiny red fruits

fair





GROWTH RATE

ROOTING TYPE


DRAINAGE CLASS2

WINDBREAK OR

SHELTERBELT3

WILDLIFE HABITIAT

& FOOD VALUE4


BANK STABILIZING


full/ part shade

full sun

Southern Waxmyrtle Myrica cerifera

All moderate W-SP X

10 feet

Hardy to zones 7a and 7b. Need male and female plants to reproduce. Salt tolerant to 10 ppt. Can be planted near poultry house fans.

Northern Bayberry Morella pensylvanica (formerly Myrica pensylvanica)

All 5-8’ moderate x W-SP X

10 feet

High – leaves will remain on plant all winter providing food for migrating swallows, fruit will remain above snow level, providing food for bobwhite quail, ruffed grouse, pheasant, and numerous songbirds

Hardy to zones 6b, 7a, and 7b. Need both male and female plants for reproduction. Salt tolerant to 20 ppt. Can be planted near poultry house fans. Always use 1 or 2 year old containerized stock for planting. Will fix nitrogen and encourage growth of surrounding plants, make sure to control invasives surrounding northern bayberry.

Beachplum Prunus maritima

All

Inland 16-18’

Coastal

4-7’

moderate x E-SP X

12 feet

Moderate – utilized by coastal wildlife

None Hardy to zones 6b, 7a, and 7b. Does well along the coast. Most useful for the stabilization and restoration of coastal sand dunes.





GROWTH RATE

ROOTING TYPE


DRAINAGE CLASS2

WINDBREAK OR

SHELTERBELT3

WILDLIFE HABITIAT

& FOOD VALUE4


BANK STABILIZING


full/ part shade

full sun

Chokecherry Prunus virginiana All 15-25’ moderate x x

Not recommended

moderate - fruits, cover

flowers, fruits, good fall color

fair

Rose-bay rhododendron Rhododendron maximum

All 12’ moderate x x Not recommeded

moderate - spring flower attracts insects

evergreen foliage; large spring flowers

good

Pinxter Azalea Rhododendron periclymenoides

All 8’ moderate x x Not

recommended

moderate - spring flower attracts insects

attractive spring flowers

good

Swamp Azalea Rhododendron viscosum


recommended

low glossy leaves, very showy white -pink flowers

fair

Winged sumac Rhus copallinum All 5’ fast shallow

lateral x VP-SPD Not

recommended

high - abundant winter fruit

vibrant fall foliage; bright red winter fruits

good

Smooth Sumac Rhus glabra All 9-15’ fast

shallow lateral

x MW-EX Not

recommended high - fruits red fruit clusters,

orange-red fall colors

good





GROWTH RATE

ROOTING TYPE


DRAINAGE CLASS2

WINDBREAK OR

SHELTERBELT3

WILDLIFE HABITIAT

& FOOD VALUE4


BANK STABILIZING


full/ part shade

full sun

Staghorn Sumac Rhus typhina

All 20’ fast shallow lateral

x MW-EX Not

recommended

very high - fruits late winter survival food for mammals and migrating songbirds; twigs eaten by moose, deer, N E cottontail rabbit

colorful fruit clusters, brilliant fall color; velvet covered branches

good

American (Wild) black Currant Ribes americanun

To 140 and 144A

6’ moderate shallow lateral x VP-W

Not recommended

high - abundant summer fruit

attractive spring flowers; fall foliage

good

Allegany Blackberry Rubus allegheniensis

All 6’ fast shallow fibrous

x MW-EX Not

recommended

very high - fruits eaten by over 40 species of birds including woodcock, turkey, grouse; also by many mammals

makes good barrier fair

Pussy Willow Salix discolor

All 20’ fast shallow lateral

x VP-SPD Not

recommended

moderate - nesting; buds eaten; male flowers attract butterflies

early buds are used in horticultural arrangements

excellent





GROWTH RATE

ROOTING TYPE


DRAINAGE CLASS2

WINDBREAK OR

SHELTERBELT3

WILDLIFE HABITIAT

& FOOD VALUE4


BANK STABILIZING


full/ part shade

full sun

Willows Salix spp. Y/N 4-10’ fast

shallow lateral x VP-W

Not recommended

high - provides good cover

foliage excellent

Elderberry Sambucus canadensis

All 12’ fast Stoloniferous or shallow

lateral x x VP-EX

Not recommended

very high - berries an important summer food for songbirds including bluebirds, rose- breasted grosbeaks, pileated woodpeckers, thrushes

showy white flower clusters; blue berries; jelly and wine can be made from berries

very good

Meadowsweet Spiraea alba

All but southern

149 5’ moderate

shallow lateral

x VP-SPD Not

recommended

low white or pale pink flowers

very good

Steeplebush (Hardhack) Spiraea tomentosa


x x VP-SPD Not recommended

low spires of pink flowers very good

Bladdernut Staphylea trifolia All but 153 10’ moderate x x Not

recommended moderate - fruit unique fall fruits in

“bladder’ good





GROWTH RATE

ROOTING TYPE


DRAINAGE CLASS2

WINDBREAK OR

SHELTERBELT3

WILDLIFE HABITIAT

& FOOD VALUE4


BANK STABILIZING


full/ part shade

full sun

Highbush Blueberry Vaccinium corymbosum

All 6-12’ slow shallow lateral

x x VP-W Not

recommended

high - fruits eaten by birds & mammals; favorite of scarlet tanagers, bluebirds, grouse

flowers, fruits, bright fall color, attractive habit

good

Maple-leaf Viburnum Viburnum acerifolium

All 3-6’ moderate shallow lateral

x x SPD-W Not

recommended

moderate - fruits eaten by birds

fruits, attractive foliage, good fall color

fair

Arrowood Viburnum dentatum

All 10’ Moderate shallow lateral

x x P-W X

10 feet

high – birds eat fruit

attractive landscape because dense foliage, white flower cluster, flowers in late spring

good

Nannyberry Viburnum lentago All 10’ moderate

shallow lateral x x SPD-W

Not recommended

high - fruits remain into

fruits, good fall color good

Blackhaw Viburnum prunifolium


recommended

high - abundant fall fruit

fall foliage good





GROWTH RATE

ROOTING TYPE


DRAINAGE CLASS2

WINDBREAK OR

SHELTERBELT3

WILDLIFE HABITIAT

& FOOD VALUE4


BANK STABILIZING


full/ part shade

full sun

American Cranberry bush Viburnum trilobum

To 140, 144A, and

148 10’ mod-slow shallow

lateral x x P-W

Not recommended

high - fruits persist into winter

white flower clusters, scarlet fruits, good fall color

good

1. Native Species. “All” indicates the plant is native to all Major Land Resource Areas (MLRA) in the state. If a plant is just native to one or two MLRA’s, that MLRA is noted. If “no” is listed in this block, then this species is an introduced species. See Figure 3, map on last page

2. Soil Drainage Class. The preferred soil drainage class for the species. VP = very poor, P = poor, SPD = somewhat poorly drained, MW = moderately well drained, MW = moderately well, W = well, and EX = excessively

3. If there is an “X” in this column, the species is recommended for a windbreak/shelterbelt planting. The numeric value in the box represents the anticipated height of the tree, based off of average expected heights after 20 years of growth.

4. Wildlife Value. A rating of “High”, “Moderate”, or “Low” based on the food and/or cover value provided by the plant.

.


TABLE 9: CHARACTERISTICS OF LOWLAND TREES AND SHRUBS Species are ordered alphabetically by scientific name. Heights and attributes represent expected performance and characteristics of the individual plant at the reference age in

dominant canopy positions on medium-textured, non-saline, neutral pH soils. The reference age for trees is 50 years and the reference age for shrubs is 10 years.

PLANT SPECIES RIPARIAN ZONE

MATURE HEIGHT

SATURATION TOLERANCE1

SHADE TOLERANCE2

WILDLIFE VALUE3

NATIVE SPECIES4

WETLAND INDICATOR5 COMMENTS

EVERGREEN TREES Atlantic White Cedar Chamaecyparis Thyoides 1 80 High Low Low All but 140 OBL

Plant in sandy wet or mucky soils only. Excellent rot resistance, lumber.

American Holly Ilex opaca 2 40 Medium High High All but 140 FACU

Excellent aesthetic

Pitch Pine Pinus rigida 1 & 2 60 Medium Low Medium All FACU

Plant in Pine Barrens. Use improved pitch pine.

Eastern White Pine Pinus sirobus 2 100 Low Medium Medium All FACU

Not native to Pine Barrens

DECIDUOUS TREES Boxelder Acer negundo 1 & 2 70 High Medium Low All but 153 FAC+

Fast growth, Yellow fall color

Red Maple Acer rubrum 1 & 2 80 High High Low All FAC

Red fall color & bloom

Silver Maple Acer saccharinum 1 90 High Medium Medium All but 153 FACW

Fast growth. Brittle, weak branching habit

River Birch Betula nigra 1 80 High Medium Low All FACW

Exfoliating bark. Yellow fall color

Hackberry Celtis occidentalis 1 & 2 60 Medium High High All FAC

Hardy, Yellow fall color

White Ash Fraxinus americana 1 & 2 90 High Low High All FACU

Good Lumber, good growth Yellow fall foliage

Green Ash Fraxinus pennsylvanicum 1 & 2 100 High Medium High All FACU

Orange fall color

Black Walnut Juglans nigra 1 80 Medium High Medium All FACU

Excellent lumber, Mast production

Sweet Gum Liquidambar styraciflua 1 & 2 60 High Medium Medium All but 149 FAC

Fast growth. Red fall foliage





MATURE HEIGHT


SHADE TOLERANCE2

WILDLIFE VALUE3

NATIVE SPECIES4


Black Gum Nyssa sylvatica 2 60 Medium Medium High All FACU

Early brilliant fall coloring

Sycamore Platanus occidentalis

1 80 Medium Medium Low All but 153 FACW Fast growth. Prone to sycamore anthracnose

Eastern Cottonwood, Populus deltoides 1 120 High Low Medium All FAC

Fast growth

White Oak Quercus alba 2 80 Medium Low High 149 & 153 FAC+

Good lumber species. Mast production

Swamp White Oak Quercus bicolor 1 60 High High High All FACW+

Good growth for Oak, Lumber. Mast production.

Pin Oak Quercus palustris 1 & 2 60 High Medium All All FACW

Perpendicular branching habit. Mast production

Red Oak Quercus rubra 2 80 Low Medium High All FAC4

Red fall color

Willows (tree-type) Salix sp.

1 70 High Low Medium Y/N FACW+ Salix nigra is native. Fast growth

SHRUBS Smooth Alder Alnus serrulata 1 10’ High Low Medium All FACW-

Nitrogen fixing

Shadbush Amelanchier canadensis 1 20 High Medium High All FAC

Attractive flower in early spring

Buttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis 1 8 High Medium Medium All OBL

Unusual round white flower

Sweet Pepperbush Clethra Alnifolia 2 10 Medium High High All FAC+

Summer flower

Silky Dogwood Cornus amomum 1 & 2 10 High High High All FACW

Produces fruit at 2-3 years

Red-Osier Dogwood, Cornus stolonifera 1 & 2 10 High Medium High All FACW+

Good for streambank stabilization





MATURE HEIGHT


SHADE TOLERANCE2

WILDLIFE VALUE3

NATIVE SPECIES4


Witch Hazel Hamamelis virginiana 2 20 High High Medium All but 153 FAC

Potential herbal/medicinal use. Yellow fall foliage

Winterberry Holly llex verticillata 1 10 Medium Medium High All FACW+

Need male & female plants for fruit Potential floral market

Spicebush Lindera benzoin 2 20 Medium High Medium All FACW

Willows (shrub) Salix sp. 1 10 High High Medium Y/N FACW

Sexigua and S. sericea are native

Elderberry Sambucus canadensis 1 12" High Medium High All FACW-

Fast growth. Attractive flower and fruit

Highbush Blueberry, Vaccinium corymbosum 2 10 High Medium High All FACW-

Fruit production

Arrowood Viburnum dentatum 2 10 Medium Medium High All FACW-

Late spring flower

1. Saturation tolerance is the plants capability to grow in a or adjacent to saturated soil conditions; high = can withstand “wet feet” medium = some tolerance to saturated conditions low = does not tolerate saturated conditions

2. Shade tolerance is the plant’s capacity to grow in a shaded condition; high = can grow in the shade of an overstory medium = can grow in partial shade low = need full or nearly full sunlight

3. Wildlife Value. A rating of “High”, “Medium”, or “Low” based on the food and/or cover value provided by the plant. 4. Native Species. “All” indicates the plant is native to all Major Land Resource Areas (MLRA) in the state. If a plant is just native to one or two MLRA’s, that MLRA is given. If

“no” is listed in this block, then this species is an introduced species. See Figure 3. 5. Wetland Indicator. OBL = Obligate, a plant that only occurs naturally in wetland conditions; FAC = Facultative, a plant that naturally occurs in wetland and upland; FACU =

Facultative Upland, a plant that occurs naturally in wetlands and uplands, but is more often found in uplands; FACW = Facultative Wetland, a plant that occurs naturally in wetlands and uplands, but is more often found in wetlands


Figure 3: Map of Major Land Resource Areas for New Jersey


Figure 4: Map of Plant Hardiness Zones for New Jersey


REFERENCES Brakie, Melinda. 2010. Plant fact sheet for Eastern redbud (Cercis Canadensis). USDA-Natural Resources

Conservation Service, East Texas Plant Materials Center. Nacogdoches, TX. Dickerson, John. Plant fact sheet for Bayberry (Morella pensylvanica). USDA – Natural Resources

Conservation Service, New York State Office, Syracuse, NY. Harlow and Harrar. 1969. Textbook of Dendrology McGraw-Hill Book Company. Hough, Mary. 1983. New Jersey Wild Plants. Harmony Press. Maryland Cooperative Extension Service, Rutgers University, and USDA Natural Resources Conservation

Service. Riparian Forest Buffer System Training Program Manual September 1998. Moore, L.M. 2006. Plant guide for Paper birch (Betula papyrifera). USDA-Natural Resource Conservation

Service, National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA. Nesom, Guy. Plant guide for Black spruce (Picea mariana). North Carolina Botanical Garden, University

of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC. Nesom, Guy. Plant guide for Boxelder (Acer negundo). North Carolina Botanical Garden, University of

North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC. Nesom, Guy. Plant guide for Common persimmon (Diospyros virginiana). North Carolina Botanical

Garden, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC. Nesom, Guy. Plant guide for Northern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis). North Carolina Botanical Garden,

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC. Nesom, Guy. Plant guide for Sugar maple (Acer saccharum). North Carolina Botanical Garden, University

of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC. Nesom, Guy. Plant guide for Tamarack (Larix laricina). North Carolina Botanical Garden, University of

North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC. North Jersey Resource Conservation and Development Council. 2002. Fact Sheet No. 8 Planting Riparian

Buffers & Plant List. Sheahan, C.M. 2015. Plant guide for Canadian serviceberry (Amelanchier Canadensis). USDA-Natural

Resources Conservation Service, Cape May Plant Materials Center, Cape May, NJ. USDA - Forest Service. 1993. Income Opportunities in Special Forest Products. Agriculture Information

Bulletin 666. USDA - Forest Service. 1965. Silvics of Forest Trees of the United States, Agricultural Handbook No.271. USDA - Natural Resources Conservation Service. 1999. Agroforestry Notes #8. USDA – Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2009. Plant fact sheet for Eastern cottonwood (Populus

deltoids). USDA – Natural Resource Conservation Service, Plant Materials Program. USDA – Natural Resources Conservation Service. Plant fact sheet for Beach plum (Prunus maritima).

USDA – Natural Resource Conservation Service, Northeast Plant Materials Program. USDA – Natural Resources Conservation Service. Plant fact sheet for Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii).

USDA – Natural Resources Conservation Service, Northeast Plant Materials Program. USDA – Natural Resources Conservation Service. Plant guide for Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii).

USDA – Natural Resources Conservation Service, Northeast Plant Materials Program. USDA – Natural Resources Conservation Service. Plant fact sheet for Sawtooth oak (Quercus acutissima).

USDA – Natural Resource Conservation Service, Northeast Plant Materials Program. Wennerberg, Sarah. 2006. Plant guide for Flowering dogwood (Cornus florida). USDA-Natural Resources

Conservation Service, National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA.


Documents

New Jersey Tree and Shrub Planting Guide - USDA · 2017-10-10 · Page 1 New Jersey Tree and Shrub Planting Guide NJ NRCS FOTG October 2017. To be used when planning practices such