New Technologies- Tires -

Paul Johnston

Michelin North America

Greenville, SC

New Technology - Tires

What is accelerating the adoption of New Technologies?

– Fuel Costs

– Freight Efficiencies

– Environmental Concerns

– Regulatory & Legislative Landscape

New GenerationNew Generation

Wide Base SingleWide Base Single(NGWBS)(NGWBS)

It is tirereplacing duals

Moving from 18 10 Wheels on the Ground

18 wheels

10 wheels

Traditional

“Super Single”425/65R22.5

New Generation

Wide Base Single445/50R22.5

Super Single vs NGWBSSuper Single vs NGWBS

How do the footprints compare?

NGWBS

445/50R22.5

Duals

275/80R22.5

Traditional “Super Single”

445/65R22.5

What Benefits does the NGWBS provide?

Cost Reduction– Improved fuel efficiency,

approximately 4% - 10%

Freight Efficiencies– Greater payload, savings of 175 – 200 lbs / axle– Fewer trucks on the road– Ease of maintenance

Reduced Carbon Footprint– Better fuel mileage (lower Rolling Resistance)…..…….fewer Greenhouse Gas emissions

…resulting in a more competitive Transport Industry!

Fuel Savings

Where Does Your Fuel Go?

Aerodynamic Drag

Mechanical Losses

Rolling Resistance

At 60 mph, aerodynamic drag consumesapproximately 40% of the fuel.

Mechanical losses consume approximately25% of the fuel.

Rolling resistance accounts forapproximately 35% of the fuel consumed.

What does a Department of Energy (DOE) Study show?

Improvements in Fuel Economy with Various Combinations of Tires on Class 8 Tractor Trailers

Benefit vs

duals only

Benefit using only

wide singles

Fact #537: September 22, 2008

NGWBS on Class 8 Tractor Trailers Improves Fuel Economy by 9.2%

Oak Ridge Lab; 750,000 real-world miles; 1 year test

9.2% => approx $1.1m fuel savings for a Fleet of 175 power units

($6,539 per tractor)

Freight Efficiencies

How does the NGWBS TireAllow for Greater Payload?

How the NGWBS TireSaves 175+ lbs per Axle

DUALS NGWBS(Aluminum Wheels) (Aluminum Wheels)

Tire/Wheel x Qty. Tire/Wheel x Qty.

Steer 170 x 2 = 340 160 x 2 = 320

Drive 175 x 8 = 1,400 248 x 4 = 992

Trailer 149 x 8 = 1,192 229 x 4 = 916

Total 2,932 lbs. vs 2,228 lbs.

704 Pounds Savings

DUALS NGWBS(Steel Wheels) (Aluminum Wheels)

Tire/Wheel x Qty. Tire/Wheel x Qty.

Steer 195 x 2 = 390 160 x 2 = 320

Drive 200 x 8 = 1,600 248 x 4 = 992

Trailer 174 x 8 = 1,392 229 x 4 = 916

Total 3,382 lbs. vs 2,228 lbs.

1,154 Pounds Savings

WEIGHT SAVINGS EXAMPLES

Reference

Duals – G305 Fuel Max, G372, G316 Fuel Max

X Ones – XZA3, XOne XDA, XOne XTA

Efficiencies gained:

an extra 100 – 165 gallons fuel for bulk hauler….

Environmental Impact

How the New Generation Wide Base Tire Saves OilHow the New Generation Wide Base Tire Saves Oil

Dual Tire

12 Gal

Dual Tire

12 Gal

Wide Base

15 Gal

SmartWay

EPA

Bulletin:

Single Wide

Tires

MICHELIN® X One® Tires

Since its introduction in 2000, MICHELIN® X One® tires have helped save

– 63 million gallons of fuel, and

– 639,000 metric tons of CO2 emissions

– the equivalent of removing 127,800 cars from the road

Regulatory & Legislative Environment

INDUSTRY NEWS

Legislative Changes

Energy Independence & Security Act 2007 CARB impact

Clean Air Act

2010 Presidential directive for Fuel Efficiency & GHG standards

EPA / NHTSA Joint NPRMEPA / NHTSA Joint NPRMGHG Emissions & FE Standards GHG Emissions & FE Standards

Medium and Heavy-Duty Engines and VehiclesMedium and Heavy-Duty Engines and Vehicles

EPA GHG emissions standards– Implementation MY 2014

NHTSA fuel efficiency standards– Implementation

• MY 2014 voluntary compliance with credits available.• MY 2016 mandatory compliance to “average“.

Metrics

Vehicle Class CO2 Fuel Efficiency

Class 2b

Pickups, vans

grams/mile gallons/100-mile

Class 3 – 8

Work, vocational, tractors

grams/ton-mile gallons/1,000 ton-mile

Each standard will be assigned a CO2 emission target

Aerodynamic features with lower Cd 7 gCO2/ton-mile

Low RR tires (lower drive and steer Crr) 5 gCO2/ton-mile

Idle reduction timer (shuts down after 5 min) 5 gCO2/ton-mile

Reduced weight (wide single tires) 3 gCO2/ton-mile

New 2014 standard target = 80 gCO2/ton-mile

EXAMPLE: Raised Roof Sleeper w/Trailer

Note: Default engine to be used; Engine per OEM measured separately

Figures are for illustration only

source: Volvo Mack 2010 ATA Panel

2010 Baseline = 100 gCO2/ton-mile2010 Baseline = 100 gCO2/ton-mile

Below are the ONLY credit options to meet Standards :

NG

WB

S im

pact

What does Industry want?

…. uniformity & harmonization….

Industry Standards & Government Regulations

U.S. States - NGWBS U.S. States - NGWBS LCV Oversize/Overweight Permitted Operations OnlyLCV Oversize/Overweight Permitted Operations Only

(GVW > 36,364 kg / 80,000 lbs)(GVW > 36,364 kg / 80,000 lbs)

US permit-issued operation (O/S, O/W, LCV)

– “... each axle (non-steering) must have 4 tires ...”

• South Dakota, New York,

– “... two tires at each end of each axle ...”

• Kansas,

– “... minimum axle width ...”

• California

– Limitation of 500 lpi (pounds per inch tire width)

• Montana, Nevada, S.Dakota, Washington, Utah (500 lbs LCV)

(Modified 6/13/11 – SL)

Industry Standards & Government Regulations

U.S. States - NGWBS U.S. States - NGWBS LCV Oversize/Overweight Permitted Operations OnlyLCV Oversize/Overweight Permitted Operations Only

(GVW > 36,364 kg / 80,000 lbs) (GVW > 36,364 kg / 80,000 lbs)

DC

Alaska

Hawaii

Forms of State restrictions

CA - specific minimum axle width

TX - 2 axle 35’ – 45’ bus

LA - rear axles of waste disposal trucks (Modified 6/13/11 – SL)

What About Effect on the Roads?

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1 3 5 7 9Tread No.

Con

tact

Pre

ssur

e (k

Pa)

X One Tire

Dual Tire1

Dual Tire2

Source: 2004 Dr. Al-Qadi / VaTech Transportation Institute

Regulatory Environment - Pavement

Slide to be used only with written permission of Michelin Americas Research Company

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Rib Number

Stre

ss (

kPa)

New Wide-base(445/50R22.5)

Conventional Wide-base(425/65R22.5)

Dual (drive)

New wide-base (2nd size) 455/55R22.5

Contact Stress between the Tire and Pavement Surface

Actual Tire Imprints

Tire Contact Stresses

Measurements indicate comparable levelsof contact stresses between NGWBS and duals.

Source: 2009 Florida DOT

Summary: Benefits provided by the NGWBS

Cost Reduction

Freight Efficiencies

Reduced Carbon Footprint

Industry Position: new generation wide base singlenew generation wide base single

Net Positive Economic/Environmental Gainwhen balancing the pro’s v con’s

…..the New Generation Wide Base Single tire is the

future of tire technologyfuture of tire technology….. ….. Today!Today!

Thank You !Thank You !