NEW TRENDS IN WORLD HIGHER EDUCATION

DRC Conference, Cluj-Napoca,5-6 November 2010

NEW TRENDS IN WORLD HIGHER EDUCATION

Paul Şerban AGACHIBabeş-Bolyai University


GLOBALLY COMPETITIVE, LOCALLY ENGAGED


Outline

Phenomena dominating world Higher Education/ Context

Diversification of HE World HE landscape Rankings and benchmarking European HE landscape Romanian trends

Context

Demographic decline in Europe Global competition for human capital Increased mobility of the students Global financial crisis World Class University

…… highly competitive climate



Evolution of HE (http://www.changinghighereducation.com/2009/07/unescos-world-conference-on-higher-education-.html)

New actors on HE scene(~30,000 HEIs; ~17,000 Unis)

Massification of the HE: students enrolled in all aspects of postsecondary education around

the globe - around 150 million the number of tertiary students worldwide grew by 50% from 2000 to

2007

Increased mobility of the students, professors, researchers (ex. 5,6M intnl students in 2020, 2M in 2006)

Globally, the number of university aged people who enrolled in higher education increased from 19% in 2000 to 26% in 2007


Evolution of HE (http://www.unesco.org/new/en/media-services/)

Private higher education now accounts for 30% of global enrollment

Engineers shortage - threat

New concept of World Class University

Autonomy and accountability

Evaluations, classifications, rankings (first in the USA -1983, Germany - 1998, China - 1998)

Africa – still a problem ( 6% of the relevant age group is enrolled in HE)


European HE landscape(Europe’s New Higher Education Landscape, EUA)

5600 HE institutions 40 M Students Extremely diverse HEIs belonging to

different cultures


What do we expect from HE(Sybille Reichert, EUA Palermo, 2010)

educate graduates to be critically minded, innovative, analytical, internationally adept, with good communication and team skills

train and retrain people of different backgrounds and qualifications for diverse working contexts/ levels / life phases

produce frontier research to compete internationally for best qualified researchers and research funds and help market knowledge environment to attract foreign investment

produce applied research of relevance for regional and national innovation

solve global environmental, technical, economic, social problems (climate, energy, hunger, health, mobility, access)


Diversification of HE(Sybille Reichert, EUA Palermo, 2010)

Institutional “diversity“ or “differentiation”: US discussion vs. European

External diversity (institutional profiles) vs. internal diversity (staff, students, programs, HE activity dimensions)

Horizontal vs. vertical differentiation --values attributed to different kinds of institutions/ functions / different types of diversity



Vertical differentiation = hierarchy of values for different dimensions of HE activities, different mixes among institutions

Horizontal differentiation= parity of esteem

England: Internally conflicted case of vertical diff: explicit diversity policy but strong emphasis on research quality and volume in funding differentiation



France: shift from professional excellence to research as principle of vertical differentiation in elite part of system

Norway: Traditionally more horizontally differentiated (strong emphasis on regional diversity) becoming more vertically differentiated along research performance measures

Switzerland: values, laws, funding and regional influences support more horizontal differentiation (high level vocational/ professional training highly regarded)

Slovak Rep.: vertical differentiation through inst. typology


Rankings and benchmarking

HE landscape is very complicated Who needs information?

Society Governments Stakeholders

World rankings/Regional rankings

China - Shanghai Jiao Tong ARWU ranking – 2005

UK - QS World University Ranking - 2005Taiwan - HEEACT Global Ranking – 2007Russia – World University Ranking - 2009Spain – Webometrics Rankings of World

Universities – 2005

Europe –CHERPA ARWU - 2011UK - QS Asia University Rankings – 2009Spain - Webometrics Rankings of Latin

American Universities - 2009DRC Conference, Cluj-Napoca,5-6 November 2010


ARWU 2009 – UNIVERSITIES IN THE REGION

World Rank

Institution*

Regional

Rank

Country

National

Rank

Score on

HiCi

Score on

N&S

Score on

PUB

Score on

PCP201-302 Charles Uni 80-125 Cze 1

0 11.9 42.5 18.3

303-401 Eotvos Lorand 126-170 Hun 1-2 10.3 9.1 23.4 13.7

303-401 Jagellonian Uni 126-170 Pol 1-2 7.3 4.8 31.6 15.6

303-401 Sankt Petersburg

126-170 Russia

20 6.3 28.9 16.1

303-401 Warsaw Uni 126-170 Pol 1-20 6.6 33.1 16.7

303-401 Szeged Uni 126-170 Hun 1-2 7.3 4.7 23 13.4

77 Moscow State Uni

24 Russia

18.2 48.7 31.7 26.9

700 - 800

University of Bucharest

2

BBU 1

http://www.arwu.org/Country2009Main.jsp?param=Hungary

Global university rankings

Focus on sciences

Confined to research excellence of international research

universities (in sciences):de-valuation of other profiles

Cultural and

language bias

Neglect of teaching

and learning

Neglect of non-

university

research

Global rankings – (Federkeil, Kaiser, IREG5, Berlin, 2010)

Need to take into account diversity of higher education institutions


Classification and ranking: Mapping diversity (Federkeil, Kaiser, IREG5, Berlin, 2010)Diversity of higher education institutions in

Europe/the world

Identifying comparable

institutions that can be compared in one

ranking

CLASSIFICATION U-MAP

Description of horizontal diversity

Activity profiles

RANKINGS U-MULTIRANK

Assessment of vertical diversity

Performance profiles

Complementary instruments of transparency

+

Multi-dimensional global university ranking



Multi-dimension comparisons enriches the diagnosis (Salmi, IREG 5 -2010)

U-Map and U-Multirank

Activity profiles of institutions

Multi-dimensional global university ranking

ClassificationU-Map

Multidimenisonal rankings

Profile A

Profile B

...

Teaching and learningResearch

involvementKnowledge exchange

Regional engagement

Dimen-sion 1

Dimen-sion 2

Dimen-sion 3

Dimen-

sion ...

Multiple excellences

International orientation

Student profile


U-Multirank - Dimensions

Engineering

BusinessMechanical engineering

Electrical engineering

Teaching & Learning

Research

Knowledge Transfer

International Orientation

Regional Engagement

Focused institutiona

l ranking



European Benchmarking Initiative(2006-2008 ; 2008-2010)

Benchmarking enables universities to: Measure and compare performance to the competition Self-assess their performance in selected areas Support strategy formulation and implementation Strengthen institutional identity Obtain data for decision making Better understand processes Set targets for improvement Share good practice, learn from others how to improve Respond to national and international performance

standards Be accountable to stakeholders Set new standards for the sector.


European Benchmarking Initiative(2006-2008 ; 2008-2010)

Four Themes Governance (Gov)

Priority: Risk Mangement Curriculum Reform (CR)

Priority: Bologna Reforms University-Enterprise Cooperation (UEC)

Priorities: Strategy, knowledge exchange, data collection

Life-Long Learning (LLL)Priority: CPD


European reactions

German reaction - “Exzellenzinitiative” -2004Research schools - 39Clusters of excellence -37Institutional strategies - 9

French reaction “Investire pour l’avenir” - 2009 35 Billion Euros 16 Billion Euros (Campus for Excellence)


Romanian HE landscape

109 HEIs 750.000 students 12.000 international students Homogeneity of the HE environment

Similar programs Similar characteristics copying more important

universities Mechanisms of homogenization: mimetism, norms,

coercision (CNEAA/ARACIS, CNFIS)

Trend towards a reduced efficiency


Motivation for change

Too many HEIs of low quality (ARACIS report – 2009)

Differentiation of HEIs function of aspirations and realities

Defining HEIs as driving factors for society and economy at national, regional and local level

Competitive climate between HEIs


Possible solutions

Towards LLL Towards internationalization Differentiation

Vertical: 3-5 World Class Universities (in the top) with international relevance

Horizontal: ~8 nationally relevant HEIs ~ 16-20 locally relevant HEIs


Romanian reaction

One Education law 2 projects + 1

Quality and Leadership for HE Research in universities of excellence+ Doctoral schools


Romanian reaction

2 projects + 1 Quality and Leadership for HE Research in universities of excellence+ Doctoral schools


POSDRU projects

Research in universities of excellence National exercise of research evaluation

(42 fields) Program of excellence (10% of

universities)

Quality & Leadership Vision 2525 for HE system Horizontal differentiation – similar rights

for different categories of HEIs


political & economic stability, rule of law, basic

freedoms

resources & incentives

quality assurance & enhancemen

t

telecommunications & digital

infrastructure

governance & regulatory framework

diversification, articulation &

information mechanisms

vision, leadership & reform capacity

location

attainmentequity

learningresearch

technology transfervalues

results


Thank you!

▪ Paul Șerban Agachi▪ [email protected]▪ www.ubbcluj.ro

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.ubbcluj.ro/

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NEW TRENDS IN WORLD HIGHER EDUCATION