New YorkNew York

New NetherlandsNew NetherlandsNew NetherlandsNew Netherlands

New Netherlands founded in the Hudson River area (1623-1624)

Established by Dutch West India Company for quick-profit fur trade.

Manhattan [New Amsterdam]

Purchased by Company for pennies per (22,000) acre.

60 guilders – equivalent of 23.70 (worth about 60 billion today)

New Netherlands New Netherlands Becomes a British Royal Becomes a British Royal

ColonyColony

New Netherlands New Netherlands Becomes a British Royal Becomes a British Royal

ColonyColonyCharles II granted New Netherland’s land to his brother James, the Duke of York, [before he controlled the area!]

1664 English soldiers arrived.

§ Dutch had little ammunition, poor defenses and poor leadership.

§ Dutch Governor, Peter Stuyvesant, forced to surrender without firing a shot.

Renamed “New York”

§ England gained strategic harbor between her northern & southern colonies.

§ England now controlled the Atlantic coast!

Duke of York’s Original Duke of York’s Original CharterCharter

Duke of York’s Original Duke of York’s Original CharterCharter

New Amsterdam, New Amsterdam, 16641664

New Amsterdam, New Amsterdam, 16641664

MANHATTEN, TODAY

New JerseyNew

Jersey

New Jersey — New Jersey — New Jersey — New Jersey — 1664 aristocratic proprietors rcvd. the area from the Duke of York.

Many New Englanders [because of worn out soil] moved to NJ.

1702 Combined to one colony

Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania

1681 he received agrant from king toestablish a colony.

This settled a debt the king

owed his father.

Named Pennsylvania

[“Penn’s Woodland”].

William PennWilliam PennWilliam PennWilliam Penn

The QuakersThe QuakersThe QuakersThe QuakersCalled Quakers because they “quaked” during intense religious practices.

They offended religious & secular leaders in England.

§ Refused to pay taxes to support the Church of England.

§ They met without paid clergy

§ Believed all were children of God refused to treat the upper classes with deference.

Ø Keep hats on.

Ø Addressed them as commoners ”thees”/“thous.”

Ø Wouldn’t take oaths.

Ø Pacifists.

The Holy Experiment

1. Different nationalities and religious beliefs living in harmony

2. Tolerance and Land compensation to Native Americans

a. Quakers went among the Natives unarmed.

b. Friendly and co-existed peacefully, until Non-Quakers started settling in the area

Penn’s Treaty with Penn’s Treaty with thetheNative AmericansNative Americans

Penn’s Treaty with Penn’s Treaty with thetheNative AmericansNative Americans

Pennsylvanian SocietyPennsylvanian SocietyPennsylvanian SocietyPennsylvanian Society

Attracted many different people

Religious misfits from other colonies.

Many different ethnic groups.

No slavery, no restrictions on immigration.

Liberal land policy

Representative assembly elected by landowners

English gov’t forced them, however, to deny rt to vote & hold office to Catholics and Jews by English gov’t

DelawareDelaware

Delaware — PA’s Delaware — PA’s NeighborNeighbor

Delaware — PA’s Delaware — PA’s NeighborNeighbor

Began as Swedish settlement

Named after Lord De La Warr [harsh military governor of VA in 1610].

Closely associated with Penn’s colony.

1703/4 granted its own assembly.

Ethnic GroupsEthnic GroupsEthnic GroupsEthnic Groups

Life in Middle Colonies

• Famous Court Case - Peter Zenger

• Ben Franklin “Poor Richard’s Almanac” (Complete Activity)

• “If you would not be forgotten, as soon as you are dead and rotten, either write things worth reading, or do things worth the writing." ~ B. Franklin (1706-1790)

Ben Franklin• Escaped to Philadelphia where he would become a

famous Printer – PA Gazette• Poor Richard’s Almanack under the alias Richard

Saunders• First Public Library (1731)• First PA Hospital (1743) – PENN• First Fire company in Philadelphia• Inventor (stove, bifocals, nature of electricity and

lightening)• Very active on the Political scene – America’s

Independence – We will discuss this more in the next two chapters!