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Buying war bonds was one way Americans at home helped to fight World War II.

America and Georgia in World War II1938–1945

World War II erupts, and America is drawn into the conflict. Georgia and the rest of the nation mobilize to fight and win the war.

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America and Georgia in World War II1938–1945

SECTION 1

SECTION 2

SECTION 3

The War Begins

Fighting the War

Georgia’s Contribution to the War

SECTION 4 The Impact of the War at Home

NEXT

Section 1

The War Begins In 1941, the United States is drawn into another world war.

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The Rise of Dictators

The War Begins

Italy• Benito Mussolini Italy’s prime minister by 1922,

starts fascism• Fascism—political movement in which

government controls society- fascism’s extreme nationalism leads to racism- fascism oppresses critics, emphasizes supreme

ruler, military might• Italy invades Libya, attacks Ethiopia in 1935

SECTION

1

Continued . . .

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SECTION

1

Germany• Adolf Hitler, another fascist leader, rises to

power in 1933• Nazi Party is Hitler’s political organization• Hitler promises to strengthen Germany’s

economy and military- heavy war damage payments from World War I

weaken Germany• Hitler stops all payments, builds military• Hitler invades Rhineland in 1935; France and

allies do nothing

continued The Rise of Dictators

Continued . . .

NEXT

SECTION

1

Japan• Japan occupies Manchuria in 1931, U.S.

condemns action• Japan, Germany, Italy ally in 1940• U.S. blocks steel to Japan, freezes assets of

Japanese companies• Hideki Tojo, Japan’s prime minister, wants U.S.

out of Pacific

continued The Rise of Dictators

Opposing Forces• Germany, Italy, Japan called Axis Powers• Great Britain, France oppose them; form Allied Powers

NEXT

SECTION

1

Germany Invades Poland• Allies unwilling to use force to stop Hitler from

taking more land- try diplomacy instead; ask Hitler to stop taking

territory• Hitler breaks promises, invades Poland,

September 1939

War Begins in Europe

Continued . . .

Map

The Allies Join the War• Britain, France declare war on Germany, hope

Soviet Union will help• Soviet leader Josef Stalin, Hitler split Poland in

secret deal• Germany invades more countries, conquers

France in June, 1940

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SECTION

1

The Battle of Britain• After France, Hitler launches Battle of Britain• German air force tries to defeat Great Britain by

heavy bombing• Britain withstands bombing, but supplies scarce;

needs help 

continued War Begins in Europe

Germany Invades the Soviet Union• Hitler launches surprise invasion of Soviet Union, June

1941• Soviets defend Moscow, Leningrad in long, bloody

campaigns• Soviets switch to Allied side, lose 1 million people by

1944

NEXT

SECTION

1

Isolationism• Many believe U.S. involvement in World War I

was mistake• Most Americans favor isolationism—staying out

of Europe’s affairs• Franklin D. Roosevelt, Congress pass Neutrality

Acts from 1935–1937- designed to prevent involvement, forbids

lending to warring nations

The United States Reacts

Continued . . .

NEXT

SECTION

1

Lend-Lease Act• Americans eventually realize Hitler’s threat;

cannot remain neutral • Lend-Lease Act of 1941 lets Roosevelt lend

allies military supplies • By war’s end, Lend-Lease program supplies $50

billion in material• German U-boats sink American supply ships

crossing Atlantic • Roosevelt gives “shoot on sight” order; U.S.

unofficially at war

continued The United States Reacts

Continued . . .

NEXT

SECTION

1

Attack on Pearl Harbor• December 7, 1941, Japan attacks naval base at

Pearl Harbor, Hawaii• U.S. Pacific Fleet stationed there; 2,300 killed, 19

ships destroyed

continued The United States Reacts

Image

A Declaration of War• Congress declares war on Japan one day after Pearl

Harbor• Only one vote against war, by Jeannette Rankin of

Montana• Americans eager to respond to attack and to fight

Germany

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The United States mobilizes its military and successfully defeats its enemies on two fronts.

Section 2

Fighting the War

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The United States Prepares for War

Fighting the War

Deciding Where to Fight• U.S. military small in early 1942; unprepared to

fight a world war• Roosevelt asks businesses to produce military

equipment• U.S. must decide where to enter war; Navy needs

months to rebuild• If Great Britain surrenders, U.S. will have trouble

entering Europe• U.S. leaders decide to enter Europe first, wait to

fight in Pacific

SECTION

2

NEXT

The European Theater

North Africa and Italy• U.S. doesn’t want to risk early invasion of Europe• American troops land in North Africa, 1942, fight

Italians, Germans• Allies drive Axis from Africa; attack Italy, 1943;

Italy surrenders• Allies use Italy as base to bomb Germany,

prepare major invasion

SECTION

2

Continued . . .

NEXT

D-Day• Largest armada in history approaches France on

D-Day, June 6, 1944• Over 600 ships, 175,000 soldiers land on

northwest coast of France- meet great resistance, many killed

• Allies move through France, free Paris, in Germany by February 1945

• Allies push toward Berlin; Soviets enter Berlin first

SECTION

2

continued The European Theater

Continued . . .

NEXT

D-Day• Roosevelt dies April 12, 1945, Harry Truman

becomes president- by then Allies are close to Hitler, but he kills

himself on April 30• Germany surrenders on May 8, 1945, V-E Day

(Victory in Europe)• Truman turns attention to war in Pacific

SECTION

2

continued The European Theater

NEXT

Liberating the Concentration Camps

The Holocaust• Hitler wants to “purify” German race, remove

Jews from Europe- also wants to eliminate homosexuals, gypsies,

many with disabilities• “Final Solution”—imprison them in concentration

camps and kill them• Allies liberate concentration camps, over 6 million

Jews killed in camps• Estimated 11 million perish in camps over 6 years

- atrocity known as the Holocaust

SECTION

2

NEXT

The Pacific Theater

“Island Hopping"• Pacific strategy: take islands gradually, “island

hopping” to Japan• U.S. hops toward Philippines, Japan from May

1942 to June 1945- also bombs cities, factories, facilities in Japan

• U.S. invasion of Japan would take hundreds of thousands of men

- Allied leaders wonder if invasion would succeed

• U.S. considers using new bomb, Truman warns Japan to surrender

SECTION

2

Continued . . .

Map

NEXT

The Atomic Bomb• Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima, Japan,

August 6, 1945• Truman demands immediate surrender, warns of

second bomb attack• Japan refuses, second bomb falls on Nagasaki

three days later• Bombs kill over 110,000 immediately, radiation

kills 100,000 later• Second bomb ends war almost immediately

SECTION

2

continued The Pacific Theater

NEXT

The War Ends

The War’s Impact• Japan stops fighting August 14, 1945, V-J Day

(victory in Japan)- official surrender on September 2

• More death, destruction in World War II than in any other war

• 20 million soldiers killed, millions of civilians also dead

• Orphans, refugees, concentration camp survivors must rebuild lives

SECTION

2

Section 3

Georgia’s Contributionto the War Georgia plays a critical role in preparing the United States military for war.

NEXT

NEXT

The Nation and Georgia Mobilize

Georgia’s Contribution to the War

National Mobilization• Selective Training and Service Act passes in 1940

- calls 10 million Americans to serve, 5 million more volunteer

• Over 300,000 Georgia men and women serve; nearly 7,000 die

• Women play important role in military; serve in support positions

SECTION

3

Airplanes• Bell Aircraft’s Marietta factory builds B-29 Superfortress

bombers- employs 28,000 at peak production; over 6,000 women

work there Continued . . .

NEXT

Shipbuilding• German U-boats sink many U.S. cargo ships at

start of war• Savannah, Brunswick shipyards build 447-foot-

long Liberty Ships- Liberty Ships carry soldiers, supplies; named

for famous Georgians• Many Georgia men and women leave farms to

work in shipyards

continued The Nation and Georgia Mobilize

SECTION

3

Agriculture• U.S. encourages Georgians to grow crops other

than cotton• Food crops in demand; peanuts also important,

used for oil

Image

NEXT

Training Allied Troops in Georgia

SECTION

3

Camp Stewart• Georgia and Texas have most military training

facilities in U.S.• Camp Stewart, near Savannah, trains antiaircraft

squads

Continued . . .

Camp Gordon and Fort Benning• Camp Gordon trains infantry and tank units

- holds German, Italian prisoners of war (POWs)• Fort Benning becomes home to several groups

during World War II- First Infantry, Airborne Training, Army’s Officer

Candidate School

NEXT

Warner Robins Air Force Base• Warner Robins Air Force Base opens in 1942,

trains air support• French, British troops also come to Georgia for

training• Many bases also serve as POW camps—14

camps in Georgia- prisoners receive good treatment, but required

to work

continued Training Allied Troops in Georgia

SECTION

3

College Campuses• College campuses become training facilities• Soldiers learn nursing, handling supplies, planning,

flight training

Continued . . .

NEXT

Colleges Used as Training Facilities• Military pays colleges to use facilities during war• Georgia Tech houses Marines, offers training• University of Georgia students sign up for cadet

training- 1943 football season canceled—not enough

civilian students for team• University hosts Navy preflight program, Army

Specialized Training• More than 200 University of Georgia students die

in war

continued Training Allied Troops in Georgia

SECTION

3

Continued . . .

NEXT

Women in the Military• Many female personnel based in Georgia, many

as pilots• Many women train at Georgia State College for

Women, Milledgeville- now Georgia College & State University- campus trains WAVES in 1943; 15,000 women

train there - WAVES—Women Appointed for Volunteer

Emergency Service- learn naval procedures, clerical work; frees

men for combat

continued Training Allied Troops in Georgia

SECTION

3

Section 4

The Impact of the Warat Home The war has a tremendous impact on Georgians.

NEXT

NEXT

Social and Economic Impact of the War

The Impact of the War at Home

Life in Georgia• Actual fighting far away; U-boats patrol U.S. coast

sinking ships• Georgians support U.S. involvement, find ways to

help war effort- collection drives for scrap metal, rubber, paper,

cooking oil- plant victory gardens for own food; farmers’

crops can go to troops• War effort demands conservation, item rationing• Families get monthly ration cards—coupon books

for scarce items

SECTION

4

Image

Continued . . .

NEXT

Racial Tensions• Wartime changes cause racial friction as people

travel to new areas• Southern segregation puzzles Northern soldiers

in South- some refuse to accept segregation laws, racial

slurs• Racial clashes across U.S.: New York, L.A.,

Detroit, other cities- problems on military bases, especially in South

• Some white Southern officers lead all-black units, creating tension

continued Social and Economic Impact of the War

SECTION

4

Continued . . .

NEXT

Camp Stewart Riot• Rumor spreads through Camp Stewart’s all-black

barracks, June 1943- rumor that a white soldier killed a black woman,

riot erupts• Some African-American soldiers arm themselves,

head for gates- clash with white military police, open fire; one

killed, one wounded

continued Social and Economic Impact of the War

SECTION

4

NEXT

Trend Toward Industry• Georgia is still largely agricultural during war• Textiles are largest industry; food processing,

lumber grow • Coca-Cola benefits from war; wins military

contract to supply drink- Coke bottlers open in Europe, Pacific

• South’s population decreases in first years of war, many go north

• Some Georgia cities grow; war starts industrial trend in Georgia

Georgia’s Wartime Economy

SECTION

4

NEXT

Georgians Resume their Lives• Couples separated by war keep in touch by

writing letters

The War Ends

SECTION

4

Hoping for a Brighter Future• Thousands of couples reunited after war, begin

building futures• Many women decide to raise families after

working during war• Many men go to college as new or returning

students

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