NFEAS Journal, 33(1)2015 William Allan Kritsonis, PhD, Proessor of Educational Leadership, The University of Tedxas of the Permian Basin, College of Education MB 3108, Department of

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M ANAGING BEHAVIOR IN THE

CLASSROOM:

A FRAMEWORK FOR STUDENT SUCCESS

USING THE

B ADGETT -K RITSONIS STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP

MODEL

by

William Allan Kritsonis, PhD

&

Kevin W. Badgett, EdD

1



DEDICATION

FOR ALL MY STUDENTS;

PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE.

WILLIAM ALLAN KRITSONIS

FOR MELISSA:

YOUR SUPPORT MAKES ALL THE DIFFERENCE.

K EVIN W. B ADGETT

WORDS OF ENCOURAGEMENT

“Let no youth h!e ny n"#ety $out the u%&hot o' h#& e(u)t#on,

*hte!e+ the #ne o' #t -y $e. I' he ee%& '#th'uy $u&y e)h hou+ o' the *o+#n/ (y, he -y &'ey e!e the '#n +e&ut to #t&e'. He )n,

*#th %e+'e)t )e+t#nty, )ount on *#n/ u% &o-e '#ne -o+n#n/ to '#n(

h#-&e' one o' the )o-%etent one& o' h#& /ene+t#on, #n *hte!e+ %u+&u#t he -y h!e &#n/e( out.0

W ILLIAM J AMES

1842-1910

2



CONTENTS

Int+o(u)t#on1111111111111111111111..2

PART ONE 3)/+oun( 'o+ Un(e+&tn(#n/ 3eh!#o+ P+o$e-&

Se)t#on 4 Int+o(u)t#on to BK-Strategic Leadership Model……5

Se)t#on 6 3eh!#o+ P+o$e-&111111111111...45

Se)t#on 7 The P&y)hoo/y o' M#&$eh!#o+1111111..62

Se)t#on 2 So)# P+o$e-& n( 3eh!#o+...1111111..76

Se)t#on 8 The P+#n)#%9& Roe #n Mn/#n/ 3eh!#o+11...2

Se)t#on 5 Le/ I-%#)t#on& n( the Hn(#n/ o' 3eh!#o+P+o$e-& #n S)hoo&1111111111112

PART T<O Sout#on& to L#n/e+#n/ S)hoo 3eh!#o+ P+o$e-&

Se)t#on = Ty%e& o' Ant#>So)# 3eh!#o+& #n S)hoo&:

What is the Problem................................................5=

Se)t#on Re&on& 'o+ Stu(ent 3eh!#o+ P+o$e-&:Why Do They Act That Way?...................................=4

Se)t#on ? Ho* Te)he+& Cn A!o#( Cont+#$ut#n/ to 3eh!#o+P+o$e-& #n S)hoo&:

o!ld " Be Part o# the Problem?.............................==

Se)t#on4 “I' you Cn9t Cont+o 9e-, You Cn9t Le+n 9e-.0

What a$ be Do$e?.................................................8

A F#n <o+( 11111111111111111111....?7

A$out the Autho+&1111111111111111111..?2

Se)t#on To%#)& Re!#e*11111111111111111...?=

3



INTRODUCTION

Ma$agi$g Beha%ior i$ the lassroom& A 'rame(or) #or St!de$t S!ccess *si$g the Badgett-Kritso$is Strategic Leadership

Model ut##@e& “3e&t P+)t#)e&.0 The '+-e*o+ #& e&y to un(e+&tn(n( %ut #nto )t#on.

The BK-SLM #& u&e'u to the e"%e+#en)e( e(u)to+ o+ the

$e/#nne+. It %+o!#(e& the $&#) s!ccess le%els 'o+ the no!#)e, n(

%+)t#) %%#)t#on 'o+ the e(u)to+ *#th e"%e+#en)e.S#" s!ccess le%els +e )o--un#)te( #n the Badgett-Kritso$is

Strategic Leadership Model BK-SLM B. The&e s!ccess le%els %+o!#(e

'+-e*o+ 'o+ (e)#&#on -#n/ n( %+o)e&&e&. They &u%%o+t thee(u)to+9& $##ty to e''e)t#!ey -n/e $eh!#o+ #n the )&&+oo-. The

BK-SLM o*& the te)he+ to #n!e&t -o+e 'o)u&e( ene+/y 'o+ %nn#n/

'o+ #n&t+u)t#on, te)h#n/ n( e+n#n/ #n the )&&+oo- tht e(& to

&tu(ent &u))e&&. Su))e&&'u #-%e-entt#on o' the BK-SLM *#(e'#n#tey +e&ut #n &tu(ent &u))e&& n( -ny )ee$+te( e"%e+#en)e&.

<##- An K+#t&on#&Ke!#n D. 3(/ett

4



P ART 1

B ACKGROUND FOR

UNDERSTANDING

BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS

5



SECTION 1

INTRODUCTION TO THE

BADGETT-K RITSONIS STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP MODEL ( BK-SLM )

<hen ne* te)he+& +e &e( “<ht #& the -o&t )hen/#n/

&%e)t o' you+ *o+0 they o'ten n&*e+ “C&&+oo- Mn/e-ent.0<hen e"%e+#en)e( te)he+& +e &e( “<ht #& the -o&t )hen/#n/

&%e)t o' you+ *o+0 they o'ten n&*e+ “C&&+oo- Mn/e-ent.0

<hy #& #t tht -n/#n/ $eh!#o+ #n the )&&+oo- #& &o )hen/#n/<e $e#e!e tht $eh!#o+ -n/e-ent #n the )&&+oo- #& (#''#)ut 'o+

ot o' +e&on&.

Peo%e +e )o-%e" +e/+(e&& o' the#+ /e. <e +e n

#n)+e(#$y (#!e+&e -#" o' e"%e+#en)e&, %e+&%e)t#!e&, nee(&, n( %e+&on#t#e&. <e )o-e '+o- ho-e& *#th -u)h n( ho-e& *#th #tte.

<e )o-e '+o- !ue &y&te-& *h#)h +e & !+#e( n( (#!e+&e & *e

+e ou+&e!e&. <e +e not the &-e. Fo+-u& *o+ #n -th. Fo+-u&*o+ *hen the !+#$e& +e )on&tnt. Mo&t o' u& *ho h!e *o+e(

*#th %eo%e un(e+&tn( tht %eo%e +e not “)on&tnt&.0 E!en on n

#n(#!#(u e!e, %eo%e h!e (#''e+ent nee(& t (#''e+ent t#-e&.<e +e &o #n (#''e+ent t#-e '+o- ye&te+ye+ *hen the

te)he+ &#( “#t0 &o “#t0 *& t+uth n( *. Te)hnoo/y o' ou+ t#-e h&

/#!en e"te+n &teho(e+& n )t#!e !o#)e #n the e(u)t#on %+o)e&&#e tht *h#)h *e h!e ne!e+ &een. E!e+yone #& n e"%e+t. E!en ou+

&tu(ent& )n -n/e &o-e th#n/& -o+e e''e)t#!ey thn the (ut& *hote)h the- nyone e!e+ h( to h!e &tu(ent &ho* the- ho* to *o+

DD %ye+B.Ce+y, one>&#@e>'#t&> %%+o)h (oe& not *o+. <ht *e

nee( 'o+ e''e)t#!e $eh!#o+ -n/e-ent #& not 'o+-u; +the+, *ht

*e nee( #& &et o' s!ccess le%els o+ %+#n)#%e& *h#)h )n &u%%o+t the(e!eo%-ent o' $eh!#o+ -n/e-ent e''o+t *#th $+o(

%%#)$##ty. <e nee( &et o' &u))e&& e!e& *h#)h )n &u%%o+t

$eh!#o+ -n/e-ent t the (#&t+#)t e!e n( )-%u& e!e n( *h#)h

6



#& &o 'e"#$e enou/h 'o+ %+)t#) %%#)t#on t the )&&+oo- e!e.

The Badgett-Kritso$is Strategic Leadership Model BK-SLM B

+t#)ute& tho&e s!ccess le%els. The &#" s!ccess le%els %+o!#(e& '+-e*o+ 'o+ (e)#&#on -#n/ n( %+o)e&&e& *h#)h &u%%o+t the ne*

n( e"%e+#en)e( te)he+9& $##ty to e''e)t#!ey -n/e $eh!#o+ #n )&&+oo- n(, the+e$y, &u%%o+t& the te)he+9& $##ty to #n!e&t -o+e

ene+/y #n te)h#n/ n( e+n#n/.

Badgett-Krits!is Strategi" Leaders#i$ Mde%

( BK-SLM )

The BK-SLM *& $o+n out o' D+&. K+#t&on#& n( 3(/ette"%e+#en)e& n( o$&e+!t#on& #n e(u)t#on *h#e &e+!#n/ #n !+#ou&

te)h#n/, (-#n#&t+t#!e, n( %+o'e&&o+# +oe&. The -o(e #&

)o-%+#&e( o' 'o!$datio$ Le%els o# S!ccess n( Ad%a$ced Le%els o# S!ccess. The #o!$datio$ le%els (e *#th the #-%o+tn)e o' en&u+#n/

the $eh!#o+ -n/e+ h& +e&on$e e"%e)tt#on& *h#)h +e )e+y

)o--un#)te( n( )on&#&tenty en'o+)e(. The ad%a$ced le%else-%h&#@e ))ount$##ty *he+e#n +e&ut& +e -on#to+e( n( e!ute(

'o+ e''e)t#!ene&& n( e"%e)tt#on& +e#n'o+)e( o+ +e!#&e(.

Mon#to+#n/ the BK-SLM 'o!$datio$ Le%els o# S!ccess n(

Ad%a$ced Le%els o# S!ccess #& )+#t#)y #-%o+tnt. It #& !#t toe!ute the e''e)t#!ene&& o' one9& e''o+t&, +e!#&e o+ +e#n'o+)e

e"%e)tt#on&. The te)he+ $eh!#o+ -n/e+B )n ))o--o(te n(

-o(#'y +e&on$e e"%e)tt#on& & tht $e)o-e& %%+o%+#te.

7



3(/ett>K+#t&on#& St+te/#)

Le(e+&h#% Mo(e,

A BK-SLM B

Level One

E"%e)tt#on&

Mu&t 3e

Re&on$,e

Level Tw

E"%e)tton&C,e+,y

Co--u#n#)te(

Level T!"ee

E"%e)tt#on&

Con&#&tent,y

En'o+)e(

Level #$"

Re&u,t&

Mon#to+e(

Level #%ve

Re&u,t&

E!,ute( 'o+

E''e)t#!ene&&

Level S%&

E"%e)tt#on&Re#n'o+)e( o+

Re!#&e(

Badgett-Krits!is Strategi" Leaders#i$ Mde% ( BK-SLM )

&OUNDATION LE'ELS O& SUCCESS

Le%el +$e& E"%e)tt#on& -u&t $e +e&on$e Le%el T(o& E"%e)tt#on& )e+y )o--un#)te(

Le%el Three& E"%e)tt#on& )on&#&tenty en'o+)e(

8



AD'ANCED LE'ELS O& SUCCESS Le%el 'o!r& Re&ut& -on#to+e(

Le%el 'i%e& Re&ut& e!ute( 'o+ e''e)t#!ene&&

Le%el Si,& E"%e)tt#on& +e#n'o+)e( o+ +e!#&e(

Foundation Levels of Success

Level One: Expectations Must Be Reasonable

A o' th#& h#n/e& on the *o+( +e&on$e. <ht (oe& tht

-en <e, tht *o+( *# %+o$$y h!e nun)e( -en#n/& #n

(#''e+ent &#tut#on&. Fo+ e"-%e, one )-%u& -y $e " *#th /u-n( nothe+ -y $e +#/#(. It *ou( $e un+e&on$e to o* /u- to $e

)he*e( #n )&&+oo- on )-%u& *#th +#/#( +ue& %+oh#$#t#n/ /u-.

The+e +e (e'#n#te s!ccess le%els to )on&#(e+. It #& !#t tht

e,pectatio$s m!st be reaso$able e!e oneB.

F#+&t, &'ety '#+&t It &hou( $e o$!#ou& tht &tu(ent& (o notnee( to $e #n (n/e+ '+o- te)he+ o+ one nothe+. #oen)e &hou(

ne!e+ $e toe+te(. E-ot#on &'ety )nnot $e ne/e)te(. A &tu(ent&hou( $e )on'#(ent tht *hen they +e (#&)#%#ne( #t *# o))u+ #n

-nne+ *h#)h o*& the- to &!e ')e. Mn/#n/ $eh!#o+ #n the

)&&+oo- &hou( not $e $out “/ett#n/ &tu(ent $).0 Con&euenty,you nee( to !o#( +e)t#n/ #n n/e+ *hen &tu(ent& %u&h you+ $utton&.

An(1$e#e!e u&1 '+o- t#-e to t#-e they *# %u&h you+ $utton&.

Th#& (oe& not -en tht (#&)#%#ne )nnot $e (-#n#&te+e( #n '+ont o' othe+&. Ho*e!e+, tht &hou( ony h%%en *hen the #n%%+o%+#te

$eh!#o+ *& )o--#tte( #n '+ont o' othe+& n( (#&+u%te( the

e(u)t#on en!#+on-ent. Fu+the+, %u$#) +e%+#-n(& &hou( $e+e&e+!e( 'o+ -o-ent& n( &#tut#on& *hen they )h#e!e t e&t one%+e'e+$e -o+eB o' the 'oo*#n/ /o&: 4B Co++e)t& $eh!#o+ *y&

(e&#+e(B, 6B Con&t+u)t#!ey +e#n'o+)e& )&&+oo- no+-& n(

e"%e)tt#on&, o+ 7B P+e&e+!e& &'ety #n the )&&+oo-.Se)on(, +e-e-$e+ tht (#&)#%#ne &hou( $e 'o)u&e( on

te)h#n/ n( e+n#n/ #n the &-e *y tht #n&t+u)t#on n( &&e&&-ent

+e 'o)u&e( on te)h#n/ n( e+n#n/. Mn/#n/ $eh!#o+ &hou( $e-e&u+e( tht 'o)u&e& on )o++e)t#n/ the #n%%+o%+#te $eh!#o+.



Th#+(, &tu(ent& nee( to o*n the#+ $eh!#o+. A& o*ne+& o' the#+

$eh!#o+, &tu(ent& +e)o/n#@e the#+ +e&%on&#$##ty n( %o*e+. Se'>

-n/e-ent on the %+t o' &tu(ent& h& %otent# 'o+ he%#n/ &tu(ent&#-%+o!e the#+ $eh!#o+. Re'e)t#!e &tu(ent& )n )on&#(e+ the #-%)t o'

the#+ $eh!#o+ on )h#e!#n/ &u))e&&.A(-#n#&te+#n/ (#&)#%#ne to &tu(ent& *ho h!e $eh!e(

#n%%+o%+#tey %+o!#(e& n o%%o+tun#ty to /u#(e the- to ))e%t$e $eh!#o+. Me )e+t#n you o* the &tu(ent the o%%o+tun#ty to

e"%#n *ht they (#( n( ho* tht $eh!#o+ *& )ont++y to

e&t$#&he( e"%e)tt#on&. Ao* the &tu(ent to +t#)ute the $eh!#o+, %o&&#$e te+nt#!e, n( the )on&euen)e. A&#n/ &tu(ent& *ht they

(#(, *ht +ue the#+ $eh!#o+ !#ote(, n( +eu#+#n/ the- to #(ent#'y

the %%+o%+#te )on&euen)e *# &u%%o+t the#+ $##ty to -e %e+&on)onne)t#on& $et*een the#+ $eh!#o+ n( the )on&euen)e& 'o+ tht

$eh!#o+. Tht %+o)e&& &o he%& to +e-o!e te)he+ '+o- the

$eh!#o+G)on&euen)e %+o)e&&. It *# he% the &tu(ent un(e+&tn( the#+ )ho#)e& #n the %+o)e&& o+ e!ent& *h#)h e( o+ )ont+#$ute( to the

(#&)#%#ne. He%#n/ &tu(ent& o*n the#+ $eh!#o+ *# +e#n'o+)e the#+

%o*e+ o' &e'>(ete+-#nt#on #n ho* they )hoo&e to )t n( 'o+ the

)on&euen)e& they )hoo&e to e"%e+#en)e & +e&ut o' tho&e )ho&en)t#on&.

Fou+th, )on&#(e+ the e+n#n/ nee(& o' you+ &tu(ent&. Th#&

#n)u(e& the#+ #nte+)t#on *#th you, othe+&, n( the )ontent, %+o)e(u+#&&ue& #.e. $e#n/ #n the#+ &et *hen the $e +#n/&B, n( ho* you *#

(e *#th the #ne!#t$e une"%e)te( #&&ue& *h#)h +#&e #.e. '#+e +-&,

nnoun)e-ent&, )&&+oo- #nte++u%t#on&, et)1B. The&e #&&ue& &hou(

$e #n)o+%o+te( #nto the )+et#on o' you+ $eh!#o+ -n/e-ent %n.F#'th, -e )e+t#n you+ (-#n#&t+t#on #& “on>$o+(0 *#th

you+ $eh!#o+ -n/e-ent %n. It #& #++e&%on&#$e to (e!eo% %n

'o+ )&&+oo- $eh!#o+ -n/e-ent *h#)h #& #&ote( '+o- o+ e!en#n)on&#&tent *#th )-%u&>e"%e)tt#on&. One )nnot +e&on$y e"%e)t

n (-#n#&t+to+ to &u%%o+t te)he+ *ho&e )&&+oo- -n/e-ent

%n n( %+o)e(u+e& +e #n)on&#&tent *#th ))e%t$e no+-& 'o+ the)-%u&. The te)he+ &hou( o* &)hoo (-#n#&t+to+&, you+ (#+e)t

1!



%%+#&e+ o+ %e+h%& e!en (e%+t-ent e(, to &)+een the#+ +ue&,

+e*+(&, n( )on&euen)e& %+#o+ to #-%e-entt#on.

S#"th, )on&#(e+ #n!o!#n/ you+ &tu(ent& #n the %+o)e&& o' (e'#n#n/ *ht “+e&on$e0 oo& #e 'o+ you+ )&&+oo-. In the &-e

*y te)he+& *nt !o#)e #n e&t$#&h#n/ e"%e)tt#on& n( no+-& on )-%u&, &tu(ent& &hou( &o $e #n!o!e( #n tht %+o)e&&. It -y not $e

tht #n(e+/+tene+ h& the &-e #n&#/ht #nto /+ou% (yn-#)& & 44 th

/+(e+&; ho*e!e+, &tu(ent& &hou( h!e n /e>%%+o%+#te o%%o+tun#ty

to 'ee they )n -e -en#n/'u )ont+#$ut#on to e&t$#&h#n/

“+e&on$e0 e"%e)tt#on&. You *ou( e"%e)t the &-e 'o+ you+&e'

Level Two E!"ectations Clea#l$ Co%%unicated

The ne"t 'oun(t#on e!e o' n e''e)t#!e $eh!#o+ -n/e-ent

%n 'o)u&e& on +e&on$e e"%e)tt#on& tht +e clearly comm!$icated

e!e t*oB. Re-e-$e+ tht &tu(ent& +e not to/ethe+ (#''e+ent '+o-the (ut& *ho te)h the-. They +e #n(#!#(u& *#th )o-%e"

e-ot#on nee(&. They h!e )e+t#n e"%e)tt#on& $out *ht #& n(*ht ou/ht to $e. Stu(ent& )n $e )o-%#nt n( '+#en(y. They )n

%u+%o&e'uy (#&+e/+( the +ue&. So-et#-e& they 'ee they +e ent#te(

to e")e%t#on& n( &o-et#-e& they &#-%y (o not )+e $out the +ue&.A/#n, th#& #& not to/ethe+ (#''e+ent '+o- (ut&. H!e you e!e+

$+ou/ht h#((en 'oo( #nto -o!#e thete+

Th#& +e#ty (oe& not $&o!e &tu(ent '+o- the +e&%on&#$##ty

to )o-%y *#th +e&on$e e"%e)tt#on&, $ut #t (oe& +e#n'o+)e the#-%o+tn)e o' the -nne+ o' n( '+euen)y 'o+ )o--un#)t#on o' ou+

e"%e)tt#on&. A te)he+ -y h!e e&t$#&he( +e&on$e e"%e)tt#on&.They -y h!e &ou/ht 'ee($) o' tho&e e"%e)tt#on& $y )oe/ue&,&u%e+!#&o+&, n( %+ent&. Ho*e!e+, #' they '# to clearly comm!$icate

tho&e e"%e)tt#on& to the#+ &tu(ent&, #t -y $e (#''#)ut to +e&on$y

e"%e)t &tu(ent& to un(e+&tn( n( 'oo* the-.Co-%#)t#n/ th#& #& tht %eo%e e"%e+#en)e th#n/& th+ou/h the

'#te+ o' the#+ %e+)e%t#on&, %e+&%e)t#!e&, n( !ue &y&te-&.

Con&euenty, #t #& #-%o+tnt to $e &t+te/#) n( %u+%o&e'u #n ho* you)o--un#)te you+ $eh!#o+ e"%e)tt#on&. Fo+ e"-%e, th#& )n $e

11



(one #n nu-$e+ o' *y& #n)u(#n/ $ut not #-#te( to %o&t#n/ you+

+ue&, +e*+(&, n( )on&euen)e&, (e!eo%#n/ &o-e ty%e o' +e'e)t#!e

o+#entt#on %+o)e&&, o+ &en(#n/ the- ho-e 'o+ &#/ntu+e. Th#& #&&u%%o+te( th+ou/h the )oo%e+t#!e %+o)e&& o' (e'#n#n/ “+e&on$e0 &

(et *#th %+e!#ou&y.Con&#(e+ tht no one #e& to $e $#n(&#(e( $y t+ou$e *#th n

utho+#ty '#/u+e. Stu(ent& +e no (#''e+ent #n th#& +e/+( '+o- (ut&.Re/+(e&& o' ho* +e&on$e you+ e"%e)tt#on& -y $e, '#u+e to $e

)e+ *# un(e+-#ne you+ )+e(#$##ty, you+ $##ty to en'o+)e you+

e"%e)tt#on&, n( ut#-tey, &tu(ent )h#e!e-ent #n you+ )&&.

Level T#ee E!"ectations Consistentl$ Enfo#ced

Re&on$e e"%e)tt#on& *h#)h h!e $een )e+y

)o--un#)te( -u&t $e co$siste$tly e$#orced e!e th+eeB. Re'e)t on

the )on&euen)e& o' #n)on&#&tent en'o+)e-ent. <ht h%%en& #n the)&&+oo- *hen you +t#)ute (e(#ne& 'o+ &&#/n-ent &u$-#&&#on

n( )on&euen)e& 'o+ '#u+e to &u$-#t on t#-e then '# to %%y the+t#)ute( )on&euen)e& <ht h%%en& *hen (+e&& )o(e #& en'o+)e(

#n n +$#t++y o+ )%+#)#ou& -nne+ <ht #& e+ne( $out you+

$eh!#o+ e"%e)tt#on& #' one &tu(ent #& (#&)#%#ne( 'o+ #n%%+o%+#ten/u/e n( nothe+ #/no+e(

3oun(+#e& +e hethy. <h#e &o-e &ee $oun(+#e& & the

(e'#n#t#on o' +e&t+#)t#on, *e &u//e&t they +e, +the+, the (e'#n#t#on o'

'e"#$##ty. I' I no* the $eh!#o+ e"%e)tt#on& n( I no* they +e+e#$e, I no* e")ty *ht I )n n( )nnot (o. F#u+e to en'o+)e

reaso$able e,pectatio$s *h#)h +e clearly comm!$icated *#)ont+#$ute to n un%+e(#)t$e e+n#n/ en!#+on-ent n( )o-%+o-#&eyou+ )+e(#$##ty & $eh!#o+ -n/e+ #n the )&&+oo-. In)on&#&tent

%%#)t#on o' )o--un#)te( &tn(+(& e''e)t#!ey )+ete& )#-te o'

-$#/u#ty. Choo&#n/ to then %un#&h +e&ut#n/ )on'u&#on #& +ey n#n(#)t-ent o' the te)he+ +the+ thn u(/-ent o' #n%%+o%+#te

&tu(ent $eh!#o+.

You -y &, *ht $out &%e)# )#+)u-&tn)e Ou+ n&*e+:the&e &hou( $e the ++e e")e%t#on n( not the no+-. Re-e-$e+ you+

12



$##ty to co$siste$tly e$#orce you+ reaso$able e,pectatio$s #&

%+e(#)te( on the #(e the “e"%e)tt#on& +e +e&on$e.0 In o+(e+ to

))ount 'o+ %otent# e")e%t#on&, $u#( th#& #nto you+ +ue& $e'o+e they+e %o&te(. <h#e you *# not $e $e to %n 'o+ e!e+y e!entu#ty, $y

+unn#n/ you+ +ue& $y you+ %%+#&e+ n( othe+ e"%e+#en)e( e(u)to+&,you *# )e+t#ny $e $e to ))o--o(te 'o+ &o-e o' tho&e $e'o+e

they $e)o-e n #&&ue. Fo+ e"-%e, #t -y $e tht &tu(ent &u$-#t& %%e+ te 'o+ +e&on& +ete( to (eth #n the '-#y. In tht )&e,

!o#( $net &tte-ent& $out te %%e+&. Rthe+, %+o!#(e the &tu(ent

#-#te( o%%o+tun#t#e& 'o+ te &u$-#&&#on& +e/+(e&& o' the +e&on.On)e tho&e “e")u&e&0 -eet the #-#te( -ount, e!e+y othe+ te

&u$-#&&#on #& t+ete( & te. Re/+(#n/ (+e&& )o(e !#ot#on&, o*

one “*+n#n/0 *ee $e'o+e #-%o&#n/ )on&euen)e&. Th#&))o--o(te& the &tu(ent *ho 'o+/ot to tu) the#+ &h#+t #n $e'o+e

e!#n/ the +e&t+oo- n( ho(& the- ))ount$e 'o+ -#n/

+e&on$e e''o+t to 'oo* +ue& *#thout un+e&on$y e"%e)t#n/ %e+'e)t#on.

Ada!"ed Lee%s S*""ess

Level Fou# Results Monito#ed

Th#& #& not to &y tht +ue& n( $oun(+#e& )nnot $e )hn/e(.

Ce+t#ny, )hn/e )n $e -(e #' +e&on$e e"%e)tt#on& h!e $een

)e+y )o--un#)te( n( )on&#&tenty en'o+)e(. Th#& %+o)e&& o*&'o+ ne)e&&+y %+o)e(u+ n( +ue& (u&t-ent&. The ey #& to $e

&t+te/#), %u+%o&e'u, n( )e+ #n ho* you /o $out (o#n/ tht.

Othe+*#&e, you +#& #n)on&#&ten)y. Th#& #& *he+e the Ad%a$ced Le%elso# S!ccess +et#!e to the BK-SLM $e)o-e #-%o+tnt.

The +e&%on&#$e $eh!#o+ -n/e+ *# -on#to+ the

e''e)t#!ene&& o' the#+ $eh!#o+ -n/e-ent %n. It #& not enou/h to

&et %n #n -ot#on n( then t+u&t #t *# &e'>+e/ute n( &e'>-n/e. Do not t+y to -e the BK-SLM 'o+-u. Re-e-$e+ to

)on&#&tenty h!e res!lts mo$itored e!e 'ou+B o' the $eh!#o+

-n/e-ent %n9& e''e)t#!ene&&. It #& %%+o%+#te to -e(u&t-ent& *hen ne)e&&+y.

13



es!lts mo$itored -en& h!#n/ )e+ &en&e o' /o& 'o+ you+

$eh!#o+ -n/e-ent %n. <e *nt *e>-n/e( )&&+oo- &o

tht *e )n e-%h&#@e te)h#n/ n( e+n#n/. H!#n/ e&t$#&he( n(+t#)ute( tht %u+%o&e o+ /o, #& you+ %n *o+#n/

Level Five Results Evaluated fo# E'ectiveness

Mon#to+#n/ you+ +e&ut& *# o* 'o+ the )oe)t#on o' (t

+ete( to the e''e)t#!ene&& o' you+ $eh!#o+ -n/e-ent %n. es!lts

e%al!ated #or e##ecti%e$ess e!e '#!eB *# o* 'o+ o$e)t#!e (t)oe)t#on. E''e)t#!ene&& )n $e -e&u+e( #n (e/+ee& n( nee( not $e

%+onoun)e-ent o' $&oute %e+'e)t#on o+ $&oute '#u+e. The ')t #&

#-%+o!e-ent #n ou+ e''o+t&. 3y -on#to+#n/ h+( (t e./. o''#)e+e'e++&, (#&)#%#n+y #n)#(ent&, )t#on& ten, -e&u+$e )hn/e& #n

&tu(ent )(e-#) %e+'o+-n)e, 'u#(ne&& #n %+o)e(u+ +out#ne&, t#-e

on t&, -e&u+$e t#-e (e(#)te( to (#+e)t #n&t+u)t#on, et)1B n(&o't (t e./. )&&+oo- )#-te, &tu(ent>&tu(ent #nte+)t#on&, %+ent

%e+)e%t#on, et)1B, the $eh!#o+ -n/e+ )n (ete+-#ne the

e''e)t#!ene&& o' the#+ e''o+t& on )ont#nuu-. To $e )e+, th#& #&

'o+-t#!e not &u--t#!e. Eu#%%e( *#th th#& (t, the $eh!#o+ -n/e+ )n )on&#(e+ the &t %+#n)#%e #n the Ad%a$ced Le%els o#

S!ccess o' the BK-SLM.

Level Si! E!"ectations Reinfo#ced o# Revised

<hen e,pectatio$s are rei$#orced or re%ised e!e &#"B, the

te)he+ $eh!#o+ -n/e+B (e-on&t+te& n %%+e)#t#on o' the ')ttht ))ount$##ty #n +et#on&h#%& *o+& $oth *y&. In th#&+et#on&h#%, the )&&+oo- te)he+ h& )e+t#n +e&%on&#$##t#e& n( the

&tu(ent& h!e +e&%on&#$##t#e&. I' -on#to+#n/ n( e!ut#on o' the

$eh!#o+ -n/e-ent %n +e!e& #ne''e)t#!ene&&, the $eh!#o+ -n/e+ h& +e&%on&#$##ty to +e!#&#t e)h o' the th+ee 'o!$datio$

Le%els o# S!ccess n( th+ee Ad%a$ced Le%els o# S!ccess. The te)he+

-u&t +e>e!ute tht e,pectatio$s m!st be reaso$able e!e oneB clearly comm!$icated e!e t*oB, co$siste$tly e$#orced e!e th+eeB,

14



res!lts mo$itored e!e 'ou+B, res!lts e%al!ated #or e##ecti%e$ess e!e

'#!eB, n( e,pectatio$s rei$#orced or re%ised e!e &#"B.

Shou( the te)he+ '#n( the#+ &y&te- #& e''e)t#!ey &u%%o+t#n/te)h#n/ n( e+n#n/ #n the )&&+oo-, the#+ t& #& (#''e+ent $ut not

ne)e&&+#y e&& u+/ent. In tht )&e, the te)he+ )n +e'e)t#!ey)on&#(e+ %o#nt& o' &t+en/th& n( *ene&&e& n( then -e %u+%o&e'u

(e)#&#on& $out 'utu+e +e&on$e e"%e)tt#on& $y +e'e++#n/ to the BK-SLM . Th#& )ont#nut#on o' the -o(e #& ne)e&&+y to en&u+e n

en!#+on-ent *he+e te)h#n/ n( e+n#n/ +e %+ee-#nent.

Badgett-Krits!is Strategi" Leaders#i$ Mde%

( BK-SLM ) S*++ar,

The BK-SLM #& not 'o+-u. It #& )oe)t#on o' s!ccess

le%els *h#)h &u%%o+t te)he+9& $##ty to %n, +t#)ute, n( e"e)ute

&u))e&&'u '+-e*o+ 'o+ -n/#n/ $eh!#o+ #n the )&&+oo-. E)he!e #& #-%o+tnt #n the %+o)e&&. F#u+e to /#!e &t+te/#) ttent#on to

e)h e!e *# e( to /%& #n you+ $eh!#o+ -n/e-ent e''o+t&.

In the )o-#n/ %/e&, *e *# )ont#nue to (#&)u&& #-%o+tnt)o-%onent& o' -n/#n/ $eh!#o+ #n the )&&+oo- n( $u#(#n/ un#t.

<e *# &o #nte/+te (#&)u&&#on o' the -o(e & %%#e( to )on)e%t&.

<e en)ou+/e you to )on&#(e+ ho* you -#/ht %%y the BK-SLM #n

you+ )&&+oo- n( othe+ &#tut#on&.

I! C!"%*si!

Badgett-Krits!is Strategi" Leaders#i$ Mde% (BK-SLM)


Le%el +$e& E"%e)tt#on& -u&t $e +e&on$e

Le%el T(o& E"%e)tt#on& )e+y )o--un#)te(


AD'ANCED LE'ELS O& SUCCESS

Le%el 'o!r& Re&ut& -on#to+e(

15



Le%el 'i%e& Re&ut& e!ute( 'o+ e''e)t#!ene&&

Le%el Si,& E"%e)tt#on& +e#n'o+)e( o+ +e!#&e(

16



SECTION

BEHA'IOR PROBLEMS

Ou+ )on)e+n #& hu-n $eh!#o+, o+ -o+e &%e)#'#)y, hu-n-#&$eh!#o+. <h#e *e 'o)u& %+#-+#y on the #n( o' )on(u)t tht

)u&e& (#&)#%#ne %+o$e-& 'o+ the te)he+, *e o'ten h!e to oo

$eyon( the #--e(#te &)hoo &ett#n/ #n o+(e+ to /#n %e+&%e)t#!e+e/+(#n/ &u)h %+o$e-&.

Be#air Pr.%e+s Are Nt Ne/

<hen (#( %eo%e &t+t -#&$eh!#n/ <e h!e )&&#)

(e&)+#%t#on '+o- $#$#) &ou+)e&. A(- n( E!e *e+e (#&o$e(#ent.

E!e )on&o+te( *#th n e!# )o-%n#on the &e+%entB, y#e(e( tote-%tt#on, then %+e!#e( on A(- to et 'o+$#((en '+u#t; thu&, they

$e)-e “too *#&e 'o+ the#+ o*n /oo(.0 An( e!e+y 'o+- o' -#&$eh!#o+

&een #n th#& e"-%e #& &t# $e#n/ en)ounte+e( $y te)he+& on (#y $&#&.

An( *ho )ou( 'o+/et tht )&&#) )&e o' &#$#n/ +#!+y

$et*een C#n n( A$e T+ue, ou+ &tu(ent& &e(o- $e)o-e &o#n!o!e( #n eou&y & to )o--#t -u+(e+, the $&#) )o-%onent& o' the

C#n>A$e %+o$e- +e &t# -u)h #n e!#(en)e #n &o-e )&& &#tut#on&.

In the e+y A-e+#)n &)hoo&, ee%#n/ o+(e+ *& n en(e&&

%+o$e-. In %+t, th#& *& the 'ut o' the &y&te-. Fo+ e"-%e, #n the

t#-e>hono+e( one +oo- &)hoo, the u&u %tte+n o' #n&t+u)t#on *&one>to>one. Th#& -ent tht e)h &tu(ent +e)e#!e( 'e* t#-e>

%+e&&u+e( -#nute& o' #n&t+u)t#on -o+e #ey, +e)#tt#onB e)h (y. The+e&t o' the t#-e the &tu(ent *& u&t the+e, *#th %enty o' o%%o+tun#ty to

)+ete %+o$e-&. <hen *e (( to the &#tut#on the 'u+the+

)o-%#)t#on& o' o!e+>/e &tu(ent&, o'ten #n )o-$#nt#on *#th !e+yyoun/ te)h, *e )n &ee tht -#&$eh!#o+ *& %+)t#)y #ne!#t$e.

The -o&t un#!e+& %+e&)+#%t#on 'o+ (e#n/ *#th -#&)on(u)t

17



*& )o+%o+ %un#&h-ent. The t+(#t#on $#+)h +o( *& n #nte/+,

e!en !#t, too 'o+ “te)h#n/.0 O'ten n tte-%t to *h#% n o(e+

&tu(ent e( to '#/ht $et*een te)he+ n( %u%#; the out)o-e(ete+-#ne( *hethe+ the te)he+ &tye( o+ e't. I' he o&t the $tte, th#&

o&& o'ten )on&t#tute( h#& “ette+ o' +e&#/nt#on.0Ho*e!e+, & e+y & the 4& &o-e *+#te+& *e+e u+/#n/

(o*n>/+(#n/ o' %un#&h-ent & -en& o' -#nt#n#n/ o+(e+. Fo+ e"-%e, #n H9& Lect!res to 'emale Teachers, %u$#&he( #n 476,

the utho+ &t+e&&e( -etho(& tht (#( not #n!o!e %un#&h-ent. He (et

*#th &u)h &u//e&t#on& & +e&on$e &&#/n-ent&, #-%+t##ty,o+/n#@t#on, n( &tu(ent +e&%on&#$##ty & -en& o' he(#n/ o'' )+#&#&>

ty%e $eh!#o+ &#tut#on&.

Be#air Pr.%e+s as 'ie/ed ., Ne/ Tea"#ers

Anyone *ho *o+& *#th %eo%e o))&#ony -eet& $eh!#o+ %+o$e- on the %+t o' &o-e$o(y. Ho*e!e+, &u)h %+o$e-& &ee- to

te on &%e)# -en#n/ *#th#n the &)hoo &ett#n/. An( they +e

“e&%e)#y &%e)#0 *#th the $e/#nn#n/ te)he+. <hy #& th#& t+ue

St*de!ts Tr, O*t a Ne/ Tea"#er

S#n)e the t#-e o' A(- n( E!e, %eo%e &ee- to 'ee o$#/te(to e"%o+e the +e&t+#nt& *#th#n *h#)h they o%e+te. Th#& #& t+ue o'

&)hoo>/e %eo%e & *e & (ut&. To )&&, ne* te)he+

+e%+e&ent& n unno*n unt#ty +et#!e to h#& o+ he+ $eh!#o+

&tn(+(&. Ho* +e &tu(ent& to '#n( out *ht #& e"%e)te( o' the- #' they (on9t (o &o-e e"%o+#n/ Th#& e"%o+t#on u&uy te& the 'o+-

o' &o-e ty%e o' ue&t#on$e $eh!#o+ on the %+t o' tho&e &tu(ent&*ho, $y the#+ !e+y ntu+e, &ee- to 'ee n o$#/t#on to te the e(.

See#n/ #n %+#nt &u)h e"%nt#on& & tht #n the $o!e

%+/+%h #& o' #tte he% o+ )o-'o+t to (#&t+u/ht youn/ -n o+

*o-n *ho #& &u((eny $e&et *#th (ou$t & to h#& o+ he+ $##ty to)o%e *#th &%te o' $eh!#o+ %+o$e-&. Ho*e!e+, #' the ne* te)he+

)n %+e&e+!e +e&on$e %e+&%e)t#!e $out the &#tut#on, th#n/&

18



'+euenty &t+t to #-%+o!e 'te+ $+#e' t+y>out %e+#o(. The+e -y $e

te-%tt#on to &et $eh!#o+ &tn(+(& t n un+e#&t#) e!e 'o+ *h#e;

ho*e!e+, -o&t te)he+& '#n( #t e&#e+ to +e" $#t thn to /o the othe+ *y.

In)#(enty, -ny ne* te)he+&, u%on en)ounte+#n/ the#+ '#+&t(#&)#%#ne %+o$e-&, +e)t $y $e)o-#n/ !e+y )+#t#) o' the te)he+

e(u)t#on %+o/+- '+o- *h#)h they +e)enty /+(ute(. My$e th#&)+#t#)#&- #&, to (e/+ee, u&t#'#e(. 3ut +e#&t#)y, ho* )ou( you

h!e $een %+e%+e( #n (!n)e 'o+ th#& &#tut#on <e +e &t# &ee#n/

n&*e+& to th#& ue&t#on.

Ma!, Ne/ Tea"#ers Tr, U!rea%isti" A$$ra"#es

A !ete+n te)he+ +e)& tht, #n h#& un(e+/+(ute e(u)t#on

)ou+&e&, he h( -e-o+#@e( the '#!e &te%& to -#nt#n#n/ )&& o+(e+.

3ut *hen he /ot to h#& o*n )&& n( ')e( the #ne!#t$e $eh!#o+ %+o$e-&, he )ou(n9t +e-e-$e+ the '#!e &te%&. Pe+h%&, #' he h(

+e)e( the-, the&e &te%& *ou( not h!e $een +e#&t#) 'o+ h#&

&#tut#on.

The+e +e )e+t#n %tte+n& tht u&uy %+e!# & the ne*te)he+ t+#e& to )o%e *#th $eh!#o+ %+o$e-&. So-e o' the- /o the

dig$ity +oute. Th#& te)he+ #& #n)#ne(, $y (e-eno+, to %+o)#- tht I

- n (ut, )oe/e /+(ute, n( I no* /+et (e -o+e thn youno*. Stu(ent& /ene+y +e not not$y #-%+e&&e(. In ')t, the+e

-#/ht $e &%e)# )hen/e 'o+ the&e &tu(ent&Jthe )hen/e to

“$+#n/ h#- (o*n %e/.0

Othe+ ne* te)he+& t+y threats. Mo&t &tu(ent& +e not *e( $ythe th+et o' (#+e )on&euen)e& tht *# #ne!#t$y 'oo* the ne"t

#n'+)t#on.

Anothe+ %%+o)h #& to ig$ore the #n'+)t#on. Th#& (en#e& the&tu(ent& the +#/ht to e&t$#&h the +e&t+#nt& *#th#n *h#)h they +e to

o%e+te. The +e&ut #& o'ten )ho&.

1



T#e Ne/ Tea"#er is U!a+i%iar 0it# t#e L"a% Sit*ati!

Anothe+ ')to+ tht ente+& #nto the &#tut#on *#th +e&%e)t to thene* te)he+ #& ) o' no*e(/e $out the o) &#tut#on. Fo+

e"-%e, thou/h the+e #& (e$te $out th#&, #' the ne* te)he+ ne*&o-eth#n/ $out the &tu(ent& #n (!n)e o' )&&+oo- )ont)t, &o-e

%+o$e-& -#/ht $e !e+te(. Do you th#n ne* te)he+ &hou( $e $+#e'e( +e/+(#n/ no*n t+ou$e-e+& <ou( th#& e( to &e'>

'u'##n/>%+o%he&y &#tut#on

A&o, the ne* te)he+ -y $e un)e+ & to &ou+)e& o' he% #n(e#n/ *#th -n/#n/ $eh!#o+ %+o$e-&. So-e %+#n)#%& en)ou+/e

o''#)e +e'e++&; othe+& (#&)ou+/e the-. So-e -o+e e"%e+#en)e(

)oe/ue& +e *##n/ to /#!e #n'o+- &&#&tn)e t e&t -o+&u%%o+tB *h#e othe+& h!e )o-%etey (#''e+ent tt#tu(e $out #t.

Ony $y *o+#n/ #n the &#tut#on 'o+ *h#e )n the ne* te)he+ $e/#n

to un(e+&tn( ho* th#n/& +e (one.

Ne/ Tea"#ers Ote! &ee% I!se"*re

Any ne* &#tut#on #& '+u/ht *#th %+o$e-&, +e n(Go+ #-/#n+y. An( the ne* te)he+ #& e&%e)#y &u&)e%t#$e to 'ee#n/ o'

#n&e)u+#ty, &#n)e e%erythi$g #& ne*. Th#& 'ee#n/ #& #--e(#tey &en&e(

$y &tu(ent&, n( -ny o' the- &tn( +e(y to e"%o#t #t to the 'ue&te"tent %o&&#$e.

One +e&ut o' th#& 'ee#n/ o' #n&e)u+#ty #& ten(en)y 'o+ the

te)he+ to o!e+>+e)t to %+o$e-& tht +#&e. Any o''en&e $e)o-e&

“hn/#n/ )+#-e.0 Un(e+ the&e )#+)u-&tn)e&, %un#&h-ent #& #ey to $e &*#'t, n( un+e#&t#)y &e!e+e. I' the te)he+ #& #n)#ne( to

#nt+o&%e)t#on, he o+ &he #& #ey to $e o!e+y &e'>)+#t#) o' the *y #n

*h#)h the %+o$e- *& hn(e(. An( the+e #& *y& the %o&&#$##ty o' o&& o' %o#&e, e(#n/ to te-%e+ tnt+u-& o+ te+&, ne#the+ not$y

e''e)t#!e #n )o%#n/ *#th the %+o$e-.

2!



0#ere Are Ne/ Tea"#ers Lie%, t 0r2

Mo&t '#+y +/e &)hoo &y&te-& h!e !+#ety o' &&#/n-ent&,+n/#n/ '+o- -#enn# to %u+/to+#. F+o- the &tn(%o#nt o' o/#), #t

*ou( -e &en&e to &&#/n ne* te)he+& to the e&#e+ &#tut#on& unt#they -e &o-e (u&t-ent& to the +oe o' the te)he+. 3ut th#& #&

&e(o- (one. The ne* te)he+ #& #ey to $e &&#/ne( to “-o+e)hen/#n/ &#tut#on&.0 One +e&on #& tht, $e)u&e o' h#/h tu+no!e+

+te&, the !)n)#e& +e #ey to o))u+ #n the -o+e (#''#)ut &#tut#on&.

A&o, the ne* te)he+, n"#ou& to /et &t+te( on )+ee+, #& not #eyto en//e #n e"ten(e( ne/ot#t#on& +e/+(#n/ o$ &&#/n-ent&. One

(-#n#&t+to+, ')e( *#th the t& o' &t''#n/ %+t#)u+y (#''#)ut

&)hoo, &#( tht, *hen he &ent ne* te)he+ the+e, he 'et tht he *& %+e&#(#n/ t &)+#'#)e. Ho*e!e+, -ny ne* te)he+& &u+!#!e( the

%+o)e&&, n( &o-e )tuy )-e to #e *o+#n/ #n th#& ty%e o' &)hoo.

Be#air Pr.%e+s a!d t#e E3$erie!"ed Tea"#er

I' one *nte( to %#nt +o&y %#)tu+e +e/+(#n/ (#&)#%#ne

%+o$e-&, he )ou( &y tht &u)h %+o$e-& (#&%%e+ & the te)he+ /#n& e"%e+#en)e. Mny o' the &#tut#on& (e&)+#$e( e+#e+ *# #ey

)e+ u% & the te)he+ $e)o-e& -o+e '-##+ *#th the *o+ o'

te)h#n/. Ho*e!e+, un'o+tuntey, &o-e te)he+& ne!e+ &ee- to -eny +e /#n& to*+( the /o o' e''e)t#!e (#&)#%#ne.

E!en the -o&t #n&#/ht'u te)he+& *#th ye+& o' e"%e+#en)e #n

the )&&+oo- o))&#ony '#n( the-&e!e& #n the %o&#t#on o' h!#n/ to

)o%e *#th $eh!#o+ %+o$e-&.So-e te)he+& h!e, o!e+ the ye+&, (e!eo%e( the n) o'

+e)o/n#@#n/ %otent# t+ou$e &%ot& #n (!n)e. U&uy &u)h te)he+&)n !e+t )+#&#& &#tut#on $y t#n/ 'e* &#-%e, uno$t+u&#!e &te%&.

O'ten th#& )n $e & &#-%e & )hn/e #n &et#n/ %tte+n& o+ -#no+

+e>*o+#n/ o' t#-e &)he(ue. Th#& $##ty )nnot )o-e '+o- +e(#n/

$oo&; #t )o-e& '+o- t#-e &%ent #n )tuy *o+#n/ #n the &)hoo&ett#n/. An(, to &o-e te)he+&, #t ne!e+ )o-e&.

21



S%*ti!s t Be#air Pr.%e+s Are Bei!g S*g#t

I' *e ))e%t the ')t tht (#&)#%#ne #& %+o$e- #n -ny&)hoo&Jn( ho* )n *e (eny #tJ*e +e %+o'e&&#ony o$#/te(

to t+y to '#n( &out#on& to the %+o$e-. Mny /+ou%& +e t+y#n/.

Mny te)he+&, *ho +e on the '#+#n/ #ne (y 'te+ (y, %on(e+ the ue&t#on )on&tntyJnot #n te+-& o' %+#n)#%e& o+ /ene+#@t#on&,

$ut #n te+-& o' #n(#!#(u &tu(ent& o+ &- /+ou%& o' &tu(ent&. Su)h

te)he+& #n!e&t#/te ho-e &#tut#on&, &ee 'o+ ho$$#e& o+ #nte+e&t

th+ou/h *h#)h &tu(ent -#/ht $e %%+o)he( o+ )on'e+ *#th othe+ te)he+& o+ (-#n#&t+to+&. A& #n ny %+o$e- &o!#n/ %+o)e&&,

)o-%ete #n'o+-t#on #& -o&t #-%o+tnt.

/,pectatio$s m!st be reaso$able e!e oneB. One o' the ey)hen/e& 'o+ the ne* te)he+ #& (e!eo%#n/ +e&on$e e"%e)tt#on&

%e+t#n#n/ to &tu(ent n( te)he+ $eh!#o+&. A& note( #n the BK-SLM ,

*#thout 'oun(t#on o' +e&on$e e"%e)tt#on&, the te)he+ *#-o&t )e+t#ny &t+u//e *hen #t )o-e& to -n/#n/ &tu(ent $eh!#o+

#n the )&&+oo-. Th#& $e/& the ue&t#on: Ho* (oe& one (e!eo%

“+e&on$e e"%e)tt#on&0 'o+ )&&+oo- Th#& $e)o-e& e!en -o+e

)hen/#n/ *hen &tu(ent& +otte, e(e+& )hn/e, n( nee(& +e(#''e+ent &o-et#-e& on (#y $&#&. Te)he+&, e"%e+#en)e( n( ne*,

o'ten tu+n to othe+& 'o+ &u%%o+t.

The+e +e (#''e+ent *y& tht /+ou%& o' te)he+& *o+ on the %+o$e-. Fo+ e"-%e, ')uty &tu(y -eet#n/& #n &o-e &)hoo& +e

(e!ote( to )on&#(e+$e e"tent to the (#&)u&&#on o' %+o$e-& n(J

ho%e'uyJ&out#on& #n the +e o' $eh!#o+. Fo+- o+/n#@t#on& o'

te)he+& o'ten /#!e ttent#on to $eh!#o+ -tte+& th+ou/h thee&t$#&h-ent o' )o--#ttee& n( )o--#&&#on&.

A &)hoo (-#n#&t+to+ t ny e!e #& #ey to $e #n!o!e( #n(#&)#%#n+y -tte+&, $oth *#th #--e(#te )t#on n( *#th the on/>

+n/e /o o' '#n(#n/ &out#on& to %+o$e-&. Fo+ e"-%e, %+#n)#%

-#/ht o$&e+!e tht )e+t#n te)he+ &ee-& u#te )o-'o+t$e *#th

n#nth /+(e /+ou%& $ut h& $eh!#o+ %+o$e-& *#th the o(e+ &tu(ent& J&y t*e'th /+(e+&. O'ten, th+ou/h )hn/e o' &&#/n-ent, the

&#tut#on )n $e #-%+o!e(. A&o, the %+#n)#% &ee& &out#on& th+ou/h

22



&o+t& o' (-#n#&t+t#!e %+)t#)e&. I& the+e $e&t t#-e 'o+ &tu(ent

&&e-$y A+e 'oot$ /-e&, e"t+>)u++#)u+ )t#!#t#e&, n( othe+

e!ent& tu+n#n/ #nto +#ot& Ho* &hou( )&& %+t#e& $e &u%e+!#&e( The#&t #& %+)t#)y en(e&&.

S)hoo $o+(& +e o'ten (ee%y #n!o!e( #n (#&)#%#n+y $eh!#o+ -tte+&, %+t#)u+y t the %o#)y e!e. Fo+ e"-%e, #n

%+t#)u+ &)hoo &y&te-, on/ &euen)e o' $eh!#o+ %+o$e-& +o&e#n %+t#)u+ h#/h &)hoo $e)u&e (+e&& +e/ut#on&, e't to the

(#&)+et#on o' the %+#n)#%, %%e+e( to $e un(uy +e&t+#)t#!e. A &%e)#

&%e)t o' the %+o$e- *& tht the %+#n)#% t ne#/h$o+#n/ &)hooh( no &u)h +e/ut#on&. The &)hoo $o+( #nte+!ene( n( &et u%

)o--#ttee o' (-#n#&t+to+&, te)he+&, %+ent& n( &tu(ent&. Th#&

/+ou% *& )h+/e( *#th the +e&%on&#$##ty o' &ett#n/ u% (+e&& )o(e.The#+ )o(e *& %%+o!e( $y the $o+( n( &e+!e( & $&e#ne 'o+

%+#n)#%&. Th#& +/ey e!#te( the %+o$e-& tht h( /+o*n u% #n

the &)hoo *ho&e %+#n)#% h( #n&#&te( u%on +#/#( &tn(+(& o' /+oo-#n/.

P+ent& +e &o &ee#n/ n&*e+& to $eh!#o+ %+o$e-&. The

ty%e o' -#&$eh!#o+ tht o))u+& t &)hoo #& #ey to )++y o!e+ to the

ho-e &#tut#on. O'ten the %+ent& tu+n to the &)hoo 'o+ he% #nun(e+&tn(#n/ the#+ %u@@#n/ %+o/eny. In !&t -o+#ty o' )&e&,

&u))e&& #n (e!eo%#n/ %+o%e+ )on(u)t on the %+t o' the &tu(ent& #&

%+o-ote( $y o#nt e''o+t $et*een ho-e n( &)hoo.A&o, &out#on& 'o+ -ny ty%e& o' $eh!#o+ %+o$e-& +e $e#n/

&ou/ht th+ou/h the )ou+t&. <h#e -o&t u(/e& (-#t to ) o'

e"%e+t#&e #n the +e o' &tu(ent $eh!#o+, )#+)u-&tn)e& o'ten 'o+)e the

u(/e to $e )t#!ey #n!o!e(. Fo+ e"-%e, the (e)#&#on to &en( %+o$e- &tu(ent to )o++e)t#on &)hoo o'ten -#&n-e(B #& u&uy

-(e $y u(/e. Mny ny e"t+e-e $eh!#o+ %+o$e-& &u)h & +#ot&

o'ten en( u% #n )ou+t.

0#at is t#e R%e t#e Tea"#er2

Th+ou/hout th#& %u$#)t#on, e-%h&#& #& %)e( on the +oe o'

the te)he+ #n ee%#n/ o+(e+ *#th#n )&&+oo-, &#n)e th#& #& *he+e the

23



te)he+ &%en(& -o&t o' the &)hoo (y. Ho*e!e+, othe+ %+o$e- +e&

(o e"#&t. Fo+ e"-%e, -ny '#/ht& &ee- to (e!eo% #n the un)h+oo-

o+ on the %y +e&, %o&&#$y $e)u&e +/e nu-$e+& o' &tu(ent&)on/+e/te the+e. A&o, 'o+ the te)he+ the+e #& h (uty, $u& (uty,

&&e-$y (utyJthe #&t #& on/ n( !+#e& '+o- one &)hoo to nothe+.An( e)h o)e #& %otent# &ou+)e o' (#&)#%#ne %+o$e-&.

One %o#nt #& *o+thy o' e-%h&#& +e/+(#n/ the&e out>o'>)&&&#tut#on&, %ia, *ht #& the te)he+ &u%%o&e( to (o un(e+ !+#ou&

)#+)u-&tn)e& Fo+ e"-%e, *ht +e the /+oun( +ue& to $e o$&e+!e(

on the &)hoo /+oun( o+ #n the un)h+oo- Mny ne* te)he+&)tuy )ont+#$ute to %+o$e-& $e)u&e they h!e not $een (eutey

$+#e'e( & to +oe n( 'un)t#on. A&o, n #-%o+tnt ue&t#on #&: <ht

&hou( I t+y to hn(e on -y o*n, n( *ht &hou( $e +e'e++e( toothe+& In &ho+t, the te)he+ *ho #& “%u#n/ (uty0 nee(& to h!e

)e+ )on)e%t o' the %+o%e+ *y to hn(e &#tut#on& tht -y +#&e.

I! C!"%*si!

3eh!#o+ %+o$e-& +e & o( & %eo%e. In the &)hoo &ett#n/,

ne* te)he+&, e"%e+#en)e( te)he+&, (-#n#&t+to+& n( othe+& +e #n)ont#nuou& )ont)t *#th !+#ou& &%e)t& o' the (#&)#%#ne %+o$e-.

So-e $&#) %+#n)#%e& %%y to : 4B no* the ')t& +et#!e to the

#n'+)t#on, 6B no* the +ue&, e/ n( othe+*#&e, tht %%y, 7Be,pectatio$s m!st be reaso$able e!e oneB 'o+ $eh!#o+& #n the

)&&+oo-, n( 2B (o not te )t#on *h#e n/+y, un(e+ e-ot#on

&t+e&& o+ *h#e &u''e+#n/ '+o- '+)tu+e( (#/n#ty.

24



SECTION 4

THE PS5CHOLOG5 O& BEHA'IOR

One te)he+ t n #nne+ )#ty &)hoo e"%#ne(, &o-e*htun/+--t#)y, tht “<hen you9+e oo#n/ (o*n /un $++e,

you9+e not #ey to $e th#n#n/ $out no %&y)hoo/y.0 Anothe+ &#( o'

%+t#)u+ &tu(ent, “Tht $oy *& $o+n to +#&e he n( %&y)hoo/y9&/ot noth#n/ to (o *#th #t.0 3oth %o#nt& o' !#e*, t e&t on the &u+')e,

%%e+ to h!e &o-e -e+#t. Ho*e!e+, #' *e )on&#(e+ tht %&y)hoo/y

(e& *#th $eh!#o+, n( &#n)e ou+ )on)e+n #& *#th $eh!#o+, the t*o

(o-#n& -u&t o!e+% t &o-e %o#nt&. No tte-%t #& -(e he+e to +e>h&h ny -o+ &e/-ent& o'

'o+- %&y)hoo/y. Rthe+, )e+t#n &%e)t& o' %&y)hoo/y tht &ee- to

$e+ (#+e)ty on &tu(ent $eh!#o+ *# $e )on&#(e+e( #n the %%#e(,+the+ thn the theo+et#), &en&e.

Mo&t te)he+& h!e h( &o-e )ou+&e& #n %&y)hoo/y. Ho*e!e+,

th#& $)/+oun( #& u&uy u#te #n(eute to u&t#'y &u)h te)he+& #ne''o+t& to &o!e &#n/e>hn(e(y )o-%e" %&y)hoo/#) %+o$e-&

-on/ &tu(ent&. Yet n e''o+t to )o%e *#th $eh!#o+ %+o$e-& on the

%+t o' te)he+& #& #ey to $e -o+e e''e)t#!e #' &u)h te)he+& h!e

'#+ (e/+ee o' un(e+&tn(#n/ o' &o-e $&#) %&y)hoo/#) %+#n)#%e&.

0#, D Be#air Pr.%e+s Arise2

The #&t )ou( $e !e+y on/. Ho*e!e+, *e *# (e ony *#th)e+t#n %+o$e-& tht +e en)ounte+e( (#y $y )&&+oo- te)he+&.

Bred+

One -#/ht )hen/e *hethe+ $o+e(o- +ey +ete& to %&y)hoo/y. 3o+e(o- #& #n)u(e( $e)u&e #t #& %+o$e- #n -ny

)&&+oo-& & #t +ete& to -n/#n/ $eh!#o+ #n the )&&+oo-.

The %#onee+ te)he+ #n A-e+#) t+#e( to te)h o' h#& &tu(ent&

25



on 4>to>4 $&#&. <hen #n)+e&#n/ en+o-ent& -(e th#& #-%o&&#$e,

the+e *& +e)t#on *h#)h 'oo*e( th#& #ne o' thou/ht: <e *#

)u&te+ ou+ &tu(ent& #n +oo-& o' 68 o+ 7 n( &&#/n &#n/e te)he+ tote)h the-. The&e &tu(ent& *# $e o' $out the &-e )h+onoo/#)

not -entB /e. The te)he+ *# te)h o' the &tu(ent& the &-e-te+# t the &-e t#-e n( t the &-e +te.

Un(e+ the&e )#+)u-&tn)e& the te)he+ too the o/#) +outen( /e+e( h#& #n&t+u)t#on to the “!e+/e0 &tu(ent. Th#& -ent tht the

h#/h %e+'o+-n)e &tu(ent h( )o-%ete( h#& &&#/ne( *o+ #n !e+y

&ho+t t#-e, n(, une&& the te)he+ -(e %+o!#&#on& 'o+ h#-, *& no*')e( *#th -&&#!e &%+e t#-e %+o$e-. Then the te)he+ h( n

o%%o+tun#ty to o$&e+!e tht the h#/h>&%ee( -#n( *h#)h o*e( th#&

&tu(ent to )o-%ete *o+ #n +e)o+( t#-e *& euy e''e)t#!e #n(+e-#n/ u% #n/en#ou& *y& to )+ete $eh!#o+ %+o$e-&.

&r*strati!

In the &#tut#on (e&)+#$e( $o!e, nothe+ ty%e o' &tu(ent *& #n

e!en /+ete+ t+ou$e, %ia, the o* %e+'o+-e+. The %)e o' #n&t+u)t#on

tht *& /e+e( to the -#((e>+n/e %e+'o+-e+& &#-%y +n *y n(e't the o*>%e+'o+-n)e &tu(ent $eh#n(. To (( to h#& %+o$e-, th#&

&tu(ent %o((e( on/ ye+ 'te+ ye+, #n)u++#n/ e!e+>#n)+e&#n/

(e'#)#t&. Fo+ e"-%e, $e'o+e he h( $e)o-e %+o'#)#ent #n ((#t#on, the)&& -o!e( to &u$t+)t#on; $e'o+e he -&te+e( -ut#%#)t#on, the

)&& &t+te( (#!#&#on. A'te+ )e+t#n t#-e, the te)he+ *& t+y#n/ to

“te)h0 th#& &tu(ent -te+# he )ou( not %o&&#$y e+n $e)u&e o'

/%& #n $)/+oun(.F+u&t+t#on )n e( to *#(e !+#ety o' $eh!#o+&. Fo+

e"-%e, uy, u%on e+n#n/ tht &he *ou( #ey h!e to +e%et

'ou+th /+(e, &#-%y +et#+e( #nto he+ o*n *o+( #n *h#)h &u)h(#&t&te'u -tte+& & +#th-et#) n( &%e#n/ )ou( $e e#-#nte(.

oey, -o+e (#+e)t ty%e, *ou( +#% %/e& '+o- h#& $oo #' they

)ont#ne( t+ou$e&o-e )ontent. Pt, *hen '+u&t+te( n( to the %o#nt o' !#oen)e, *ou( hu+ h#& $oo t ny #ey t+/et #n the +oo-.

A %+t#)u+y un'o+tunte &%e)t o' '+u&t+t#on #& the *y #n

26



*h#)h *e>-en#n/ %eo%e -y (( to #t. Fo+ e"-%e, te)he+ *ho

h#nt& #n he+ -o&t t)t'u -nne+ tht, une&& M+y9& *o+ #-%+o!e&,

+etent#on #n he+ /+(e e!e #& #ey #& &#-%y ((#n/ n ee-ent o' 'e+ to e"#&t#n/ %+o$e-&. An( the %+ent *ho %o#nt& out, “You+

brother *& n e,celle$t &tu(ent0 #& not #ey to %+o(u)e ny %o&#t#!e+e&ut&.

One ty%e o' +e)t#on to '+u&t+t#on #& to u#t t+y#n/ &o & to h!en #$# 'o+ '#u+e. In the -#n(& o' -ny &tu(ent&, the !e+$#@t#on o'

“O' )ou+&e I '#e(; I (#(n9t )+) $oo0 &oun(& -u)h $ette+ thn. “I

t+#e( $ut &t# '#e(.0

Re.e%%i!

Re$e#on )n $e +e)t#on to -ny ty%e& o' &#tut#on&. It )n

+n/e #n #nten&#ty '+o- &#-%e ) o' %+t#)#%t#on to *#(,

&)+e-#n/ '#t. An( +e$e#on #& en)ounte+e( -on/ /+(e e!e/+ou%&. A-y, )oo%e+t#!e th#+( /+(e+, &u((eny 'oun( he+&e'

h!#n/ to &h+e the ttent#on o' he+ %+ent& *#th $$y $+othe+.

A-o&t o!e+n#/ht, &he )hn/e( #nto t+ou$e-e+, $oth t ho-e n(

t &)hoo. The +e&ent-ent *& not (#+e)te( /#n&t the ne* $$y $ut/#n&t the (ut& *ho- &he #(ent#'#e( *#th he+ no*>th+etene( *o+(.

<e /ene+y &&o)#te +e$e#on *#th the (oe&)ent ye+&, n(

#n(ee(. In -ny &#tut#on&, th#& $e)o-e& -o+ %+o$e-. At th#& /e,-ny &tu(ent& +e !e+y #-%+e&&#on$e, n( *o+&h#% t the &h+#ne o'

%ee+ ))e%tn)e. So, #' the %ee+ /+ou% (e)#(e& not to te $th& 'o+

*h#e, the u&uy>(o)#e Sy n( 3o$$y ho++#'y %+ent& n( te)he+&

$y &#%%#n/ $th&. Th#& e!en )++#e& o!e+ #nto )(e-#) )h#e!e-ent.The on)e>/oo( &tu(ent (e)#(e& tht he *ou( $e -o+e %o%u+ #' he

-e& '##n/ /+(e&J*h#)h he then %+o)ee(& to (o. One 'the+, *ho

h( not h( the $ene'#t& o' 'o+- e(u)t#on &#( o' h#& (oe&)ent&on, “He #n9t /ot $+#n #n h#& he(0

So-e te)he+& !#e* +e$e#on & &tu(ent9& *y o' &&e+t#n/

h#& #n(#!#(u#ty, n( the&e te)he+& '+euenty *o+ th+ou/h th#& ty%eo' $eh!#o+ *#th -#n#-u- o' (#&+u%t#on. Othe+ te)he+&, #n)#ne( to

$e &o-e*ht e&& un(e+&tn(#n/, &ee- to #!e #n &tte o' )ont#nuou&

27



)on'+ontt#on *#th the#+ &tu(ent&. Th#& tte+ &#tut#on #& o$!#ou&y !e+y

*e+#n/ on )on)e+ne(.

I!se"*rit,

The *y #n *h#)h %eo%e +e)t *hen the#+ &e)u+#ty #&

th+etene( !+#e& *#(ey. A-y9& +e)t#on, )#te( e+#e+, *& %+t#y(ue to the ')t tht the ++#! o' $$y $+othe+ )u&e( he+ to h!e

(ou$t& & to he+ &ttu& #n the '-#y. Su)h )&e& +e !e+y )o--on #n

the *o+ o' te)he+&.The &( )&e o' u(y #u&t+te& the &-e &#tut#on. An

tt+)t#!e, %o%u+ teen>/e+, u(y *& !e+y 'on( o' he+ 'the+. He (#e(

!e+y &u((eny & u(y *& ente+#n/ he+ un#o+ ye+ #n h#/h &)hoo.A'te+ %e+#o( o' #nten&e -ou+n#n/, u(y &u((eny $e)-e !e+y

(#''e+ent '+o- he+ 'o+-e+ &e'. Sho+ty &he *& e"%e+#-ent#n/ *#th

(+u/&, &e", n( e!e+y &o+t o' (e!#nt $eh!#o+. A u#)#e -++#/e)-e n( *ent. A (#&t+u/ht -othe+ 'et utte+y he%e&& #n the

&#tut#on, n( &)hoo %e+&onne, *h#e (ee%y )on)e+ne(, )ou( o''e+

#tte he%. The &#tut#on ut#-tey )e+e( u%, t e&t #n %+t, & u(y

'#ny e&t$#&he( he+&e' #n ne* *o+( tht (#( not #n)u(e he+ 'the+.

Mny te)he+& h!e h( the e"%e+#en)e o' *o+#n/ *#th

)h#(+en (u+#n/ the t#-e *hen the#+ %+ent& +e /ett#n/ (#!o+)e. The*y& #n *h#)h the&e )h#(+en +e)t to th#& &#tut#on to the-, the

ut#-te #n&e)u+#tyB !+y *#(ey. So-e +e$e; &o-e *#th(+*; (o-e

-n/e to 'ee (e/+ee o' +e&%on&#$##ty 'o+ the &#tut#on. An( &o-e

&&u-e %tte+n& o' )&&+oo- $eh!#o+ tht +e utte+y 'o+e#/n to %+e!#ou& %tte+n&. Ce+t#ny &tu(ent *ho #& un(e+/o#n/ &u)h

t+u-t#) e"%e+#en)e nee(& n( (e&e+!e& /+et (e o' un(e+&tn(#n/

on the %+t o' te)he+& n( othe+ &)hoo %e+&onne.One othe+ )u&e *& tht o' ne. The o(e&t o' &e!e+

)h#(+en, &he /+e* to the /e o' 46 #n ho-e #n *h#)h the -othe+ (#(

not ho( out&#(e e-%oy-ent. Then the -othe+ ))e%te( o$ #n ho&%#t, he+ *o+ hou+& $e#n/ '+o- th+ee unt# ee!en t n#/ht. Not

ony *& ne9& &e)u+#ty th+etene( $y the o&& o' 'u>t#-e -othe+;

28



ne *& e"%e)te( to &&u-e -o+ +e&%on&#$##ty 'o+ he+ youn/e+

&#$#n/&. He+ te)he+& -o&t #--e(#tey not#)e( )hn/e #n ne. A&

+e&ut o' nee( 'o+ +e&&u+n)e, &he )on&tnty te( $out he+ ne*+oeJ*y& #n )o-%#n#n/ *y. E!en -o+e o' %+o$e- *& the

')t tht ne *& no* (e%+#!e( o' the ttent#on '+o- (ut& tht &heh( 'o+-e+y h(. He+ +e)t#on *& to (e-n( e"t+ ttent#on '+o- he+

te)he+&, n( &he *ou( u&e ny t)t#)&, +e&on$e o+ un+e&on$e, #no+(e+ to /#n the ttent#on 'o+ *h#)h &he hun/e+e(.

<he+e (oe& the #&t o' %&y)hoo/#)y>$&e( $eh!#o+

%+o$e-& en( E!e+y e"%e+#en)e( te)he+ )n e"ten( #t to /+eten/th&. On)e *e #(ent#'y &o-e o' the un(e+y#n/ ')to+& o' (#&)#%#ne

%+o$e-&, then *ht (o *e (o

H/ D 0e He%$2

An un(e+&tn(#n/ o' the $)/+oun( +et#!e to $eh!#o+ %+o$e- )n ony he%. Yet #' *e un(e+&tn( n( -e no e''o+t to (o

nyth#n/ $out #t, *ht %u+%o&e #& &e+!e(O$!#ou&y #t #& #-%o&&#$e he+e to #&t &te%>$y>&te% %+o)e(u+e

$y -en& o' *h#)h *e )ou( )o%e *#th (#&)#%#n+y )&e&. Yet the+e

+e 'e* $&#) %%+o)he& tht -#/ht )ont+#$ute to &out#on&.

A""e$t t#e &a"t T#at Perr+a!"e 'aries

The $&#) ')y o' t+y#n/ to te)h -e-$e+& o' )&& #ntot )(en)e h& $een (e&)+#$e(. Ho* )n *e *o+ +oun( th#&

%+o$e-

T#e #ig# $err+a!"e st*de!t6 Th#& %otent#y !u$e

&&et to &o)#ety *# #!e #n &tte o' $o+e(o- une&& %+o!#&#on& +e

-(e to %+e!ent th#&. A'te+ he h& )h#e!e( the $&#)&, *hy not /#!e

h#- )hn)e to “&%+e( h#& *#n/&0 *#th &%e)# &&#/n-ent o' &o-e&o+t To $e e''e)t#!e, th#& *o+ -u&t $e t+uy )hen/#n/, not u&t

-o+e o' the &-e. Fu+the+, #t -u&t $e #n n +e o' #nte+e&t to the

&tu(ent n( not ne)e&&+#y to the te)he+B. It &hou( )u-#nte #n

2



&o-e 'o+- o' +e)o/n#t#onJ (#&%y, +e%o+t, %u$#)t#on o+

&o-eth#n/ on/ th#& #ne. It *ou( not ne)e&&+#y t#e #n (#+e)ty *#th

*ht the )&& #& (o#n/ $ut, 'o+ -"#-u- e''e)t, #t &hou( +ete to)u++ent )&& *o+. One &e)on(+y -the-t#)& te)he+ *# )hen/e

h#/h %e+'o+-n)e &tu(ent to '#n( te+nt#!e *y& 'o+ )++y#n/ out)e+t#n o%e+t#on&; to (e!eo% -the-t#) %+oo'& o' *e>no*n

%+o)e(u+e&; o+ to &ee ho* -u)h o' the &out#on to %+o$e- he )n)++y “#n h#& he(.0

A *o+( o' )ut#on #& %+o$$y #n o+(e+ $out ou+ *o+ *#th th#&

&tu(ent. The+e #& *y& the te-%tt#on to u&e h#- & hn(y -n n(e++n( +unne+ &#-%y $e)u&e he )n &%+e the t#-e. Th#& #& not '#+ to

the &tu(ent, &#n)e he #& -eet#n/ the te)he+9&, +the+ thn h#& o*n,

nee(&. Fu+the+, #n n e+ *hen %ee+ tuto+#n/ #& $e#n/ +e)o/n#@e( & n))e%t$e te)h#n/ %+o)e(u+e, the+e #& the %o&&#$##ty tht, une&&

)+e'u ttent#on #& /#!en, the h#/h %e+'o+-n)e &tu(ent *# $e)o-e

'u>t#-e tuto+ /#n, $e)u&e he h& t#-e to (o #t. <h#e )e+t#n-ount o' *o+ on/ th#& #ne -#/ht &e+!e u&e'u %u+%o&e, th#&

&tu(ent &hou( not $e)o-e n un%#( te)he+ #(e.

T#e %/ $err+a!"e st*de!t6 The $eh!#o+ %+o$e- on the %+t o' th#& &tu(ent #ey +ete to '+u&t+t#on, & %+e!#ou&y (#&)u&&e(.

3ut (oe&n9t e!e+y &tu(ent h!e +#/ht to $e &u))e&&'u, t e&t

o))&#ony O$!#ou&y, #' th#& &tu(ent #& to e!e+ e"%e+#en)e the oy o' )h#e!e-ent, #t *# h!e to $e #n te+-& o' (#''e+ent#te( &&#/n-ent&.

A $&#) %+#n)#%e #& tht *e -u&t o)te the %o#nt o' ent+y 'o+ th#&

&tu(ent, n( then &t+t h#- t the %o#nt. So-et#-e& th#& )n $e *o+e(

out #n n uno$t+u&#!e -nne+, e&%e)#y *#th youn/e+ &tu(ent&.Ho*e!e+, #t $e)o-e& -o+e )o-%e" *#th un#o+ n( &en#o+ h#/h

&tu(ent&. Yet -ny te)he+& -n/e to -e the (#''e+ent#te(

&&#/n-ent *o+ t the&e e!e&.The o* %e+'o+-n)e &tu(ent #& #ey to h!e h( #tte o+ no

+e)o/n#t#onJ'o+ nyth#n/. Yet +e)o/n#t#on &ee-& to $e $&#) hun/e+

#n ou+ -eu%. A& %+t o' the /ene+ %%+o)h (e&)+#$e( $o!e, -nyte)he+& &ee *y& #n *h#)h hone&t )o--en(t#on )n $e $e&to*e(

u%on the &tu(ent. So-et#-e& th#& ty%e o' +e)o/n#t#on h& to $e $&e(

3!



u%on non>)(e-#) %e+'o+-n)e. One '#'th /+(e $oy #n th#& )te/o+y

u&e( %en n#'e to )+!e $#+( out o' %#e)e o' &o't *oo(. The

te)he+ h( h#- &ho* #t to the )&& n( n&*e+ ue&t#on& $out. Then&he $o++o*e( #t &o #t )ou( $e e%t on (#&%y #n the )&&+oo-. The

#-%)t on the &tu(ent *& t+e-en(ou&. Th#& *& ))entute( $y the')t tht th#& $oy &e(o- en)ounte+e( nyth#n/ e")e%t )+#t#)#&- t

ho-e.

Be a H*+a! Bei!g

Mny o' the ')to+& tht )ont+#$ute to $eh!#o+ %+o$e-& #e

toty out&#(e the &)hoo &ett#n/, & #u&t+te( e+#e+. The+e #& noth#n/

the te)he+ o+ %+#n)#% )n (o $out toty (#&+u%t#!e ho-e&#tut#on, o+ the ')t tht the &tu(ent #!e& #n )+#-e +#((en

ne#/h$o+hoo(. Ho*e!e+, #t #& *#th#n the %o*e+ o' the te)he+ to $e

o%en n( ))e%t#n/ #n h#& o+ he+ (e#n/& *#th the &tu(ent. E!en !e+yyoun/ )h#(+en &en&e n( +e)t to +ee)t#on; no$o(y )ou( t+uy enoy

$e#n/ +ee)te(. Yet -ny &tu(ent& h!e en)ounte+e( #tte e&e out&#(e

o' &)hoo.

The+e #& n++o* #ne $et*een $e#n/ #nte+e&te( n( $e#n/no&y; $et*een $e#n/ )ou+teou& n( $e#n/ &o#)#tou&. Yet, to $e

e''e)t#!e #n the +e o' hu-n +et#on& $et*een te)he+ n( &tu(ent,

the te)he+ -u&t o)te n( o$&e+!e the&e (#&t#n)t#on&.

Gie St*de!ts a Part i! R*%e Mai!g

<hethe+ *e ) the- +ue& o+ &o-eth#n/ e&e, ny &o)# /+ou%&u)h & )&&+oo- -u&t h!e $eh!#o+ /u#(e#ne&. Su)h +ue& )n $e

#n the 'o+- o' e(#)t& hn(e( (o*n #n un#te+ -nne+ $y the

te)he+, n( #n(ee( th#& #& !e+y )o--on %+)t#)e. Ho*e!e+, -nyte)he+& t+y to $+#n/ the &tu(ent& #n on ny (#&)u&&#on& +ete( to the

+ue& un(e+ *h#)h they +e to #!e. In &o-e )&&+oo- &#tut#on& th#&

%+o$$y *ou( not *o+; &o-e te)he+& *ou( h!e (#''#)uty #nu&#n/ th#& %%+o)h e!en #' the )&& )oo%e+te(.

The -e+#t o' &o-e &y&te- *h#)h o*& 'o+ &tu(ent #n%ut #n the

31



+ue>-#n/ 'un)t#on #& o$!#ou&: It #& not the te)he+9& +ue; #t #& o!r

+ue. Un(e+ the&e )#+)u-&tn)e&, &tu(ent& '+euenty te n )t#!e

%+t #n en'o+)e-ent, *h#)h ten(& to -#n#-#@e the “you %ers!s -e0t-o&%he+e.

Mae S*re 5*r Reas!a.%e E3$e"tati!s Hae Bee! C%ear%,

C++*!i"ated

A te)he+ -u&t h!e reaso$able e,pectatio$s e!e oneB.

Tho&e e"%e)tt#on& -u&t $e clearly comm!$icated e!e t*oB #n *ytht &tu(ent& un(e+&tn(. I' not )e+y )o--un#)te(, #t *# $e !e+y

(#''#)ut to en'o+)e +e&on$e e"%e)tt#on& #n the )&&+oo-. A& note(

#n the BK-SLM #nt+o(u)t#on, *e )o--un#)te th+ou/h '#te+&. Th#&+eu#+e& u& to %n )e+ n( %u+%o&e'u )o--un#)t#on o' ou+

e"%e)tt#on& to &tu(ent&. /,pectatio$s clearly comm!$icated e!e

t*oB e(& to e''e)t#!e )&&+oo- -n/e-ent &o te)h#n/ n(e+n#n/ +e-#n the %+#-+y 'o)u&.

Stu(ent& +e(y )o-e to the )&&+oo- *#th /+et nu-$e+

o' )hen/e&. ue&&#n/ the te)he+9& e"%e)tt#on&, ho*e!e+

+e&on$e they -y $e, &hou( not $e n ((#t#on )hen/e.

I! C!"%*si!

A $eh!#o+, )on&t+u)t#!e & *e & (e&t+u)t#!e, #& )u&e(. The

te)he+ -y not h!e the $)/+oun( n( (oe& not h!e the t#-e to t+y

to en//e #n (et#e( %&y)hoo/#) ny&#& o' e)h $eh!#o+

%+o$e-. The te)he+ -u&t clearly comm!$icate e!e t*oB the#+ reaso$able e,pectatio$s e!e oneB n( (e!eo% the &#& nee(e( to

+e)o/n#@e $o+e(o-, '+u&t+t#on, #n&e)u+#ty n( othe+ &u)h ')to+&. Thete)he+ )n o'ten ))o--o(te 'o+ %&y)hoo/#) )hen/e& #n

)on&t+u)t#!e *y&.

32



SECTION 7

SOCIAL PROBLEMS

AND BEHA'IOR

A $+#e' &u+!ey *# $e %+o!#(e( o' )e+t#n &o)#oo/#)

%+#n)#%e& tht h!e &%e)#'#) #-%)t on the *o+ o' the te)he+ n(

-o+e &%e)#'#)y on &tu(ent $eh!#o+. So)# n( e)ono-#) #&&ue& tht %o&&#$y #-%)t &tu(ent9& $eh!#o+ +e (e&)+#$e( #n th#& &e)t#on.

S+e Pr.%e+s Re%ate t S"i%g,

Ur.a!i8ati!

Fo+ -o&t o' #t& e"#&ten)e, A-e+#) *& %+e(o-#nnty +u+. A'+- e)ono-y *& the &tn(+( %tte+n. Athou/h the+e *e+e -ny

(+*$)&, the+e *& -u)h &t+en/th #n &u)h &y&te-. A youn/&te+

/+e* u% #n n t-o&%he+e o' $&#) &e)u+#ty. H#& o+ he+ +oe #n the'-#y )o--un#ty n( &)hoo *& '#+y )e+. The )h#(+en h(

&&#/ne( +e&%on&#$##t#e& '+o- n e+y /e, n( -o&t o' the&e e%t the

)h#( *o+#n/ #n )o&e %+o"#-#ty *#th %+ent&, /+n(%+ent&, &#$#n/&.A& '-##e& -o!e( to u+$n +e&, the %tte+n (e&)+#$e( $o!e

un(e+*ent (+&t#) )hn/e. The '-#y */e e+ne+& *ent the#+

&e%+te *y&, n( -ny )h#(+en *e+e not )e+ & to *he+e the 'the+ *o+e( o+ *ht he (#(. An( e!en the !e+y youn/ )h#(+en 'et &en&e

o' !/ue #n&e)u+#ty $e)u&e &u$&#&ten)e (e%en(e( on the %y )he). Int#-e& o' h#/h une-%oy-ent n e"t+ &t+#n o' *o++y *& ((e(.

A +u+ '-#y t+n&%nte( to n u+$n +e o'ten e"%e+#en)e(&t+#n $e)u&e o' )+o*(#n/, the -e+e %+e&en)e o' %eo%e )o&e $y. Th#&

one +e&ute( #n e-ot#on &t+e&&. The +oe o' )h#(+en un(e+*ent

)hn/e #n the u+$n#@t#on %+o)e&&. On the '+-, +/e '-##e& *e+en &&et, & the+e *e+e ne!e+ enou/h hn(& to (o *ht nee(e( to $e

(one. In the u+$n &ett#n/, )h#(+en $e)-e e)ono-#) #$##t#e& #n tht

they h( to $e 'e(, )othe(, n( tten(e( to *#th #tte ho%e o'

33



$e)o-#n/ )ont+#$ut#n/ -e-$e+& o' the '-#y /+ou% unt# they +e)he(

-tu+#ty.

<ht #-%)t (#( the&e )hn/e& h!e on )h#(9& $eh!#o+ t&)hoo He *& ')e( *#th n o!e+*he-#n/ (u&t-ent. The &#@e o'

the &)hoo *& *e&o-e; the te)he+ +e-ote; the &tu(ent&&o%h#&t#)te( #n &o+t& o' ue&t#on$e %+)t#)e&. Un(e+ the&e

)#+)u-&tn)e& the &tu(ent -#/ht $e)o-e e")e&&#!ey &hy, +et#+#n/ to (+e- *o+(; o+ he -#/ht &et out to e+n %)e #n ne* &u++oun(#n/&

$y $e)o-#n/ ou(e+ n( -o+e ho&t#e thn e!en the -o&t $& )#ty

(*ee+. E#the+ +e&%on&e *& o' +e )on)e+n to the te)he+.

&a+i%, C#a!ges

A& +e&ut o' !+#ety o' &o)# n( e)ono-#) 'o+)e&, the +oe

o' the '-#y h& un(e+/one -o+ )hn/e& #n +e)ent ye+&. The '-#y

un#t h& o&t -u)h o' #t& #(ent#ty, /#n *#th +e&utnt o&& o' &e)u+#tyon the %+t o' the youn/&te+&. Fo+ e"-%e, the &te+n, #n'e"#$e 'the+,

*h#e %o&&#$y )#n/ #n *+-th, %+o!#(e( )e+ /u#(e#ne& 'o+

youth'u $eh!#o+. Su)h /u#(e#ne& *e+e %e+#o(#)y $+e)he( $y

)h#(+en; +et+#$ut#on *& &*#'t n( &u+e. 3ut &u)h /u#(e#ne& +e no*+e)o/n#@e( & $&#& o' &e)u+e 'ee#n/ on the %+t o' )h#(+en. In(ee(,

+e&on$e (#&)#%#ne #n *hte!e+ 'o+- #& o'ten &&o)#te( *#th

&e)u+#ty.The ho-e #n *h#)h $oth %+ent& ho( o$&, +et#!ey +e)ent

(e!eo%-ent #n A-e+#), h& )+ete( #t& o*n ty%e o' &o)#oo/#)

%+o$e-&. Re(u)e( %+ent &u%e+!#&#on o' )h#(+en #& o'ten (#+e)t

+e&ut o' $oth %+ent& *o+#n/ out&#(e the ho-e. The+e #& e&&&&o)#t#on *#th %+ent& #n te+-& o' t#-e. O'ten the %+ent&, *o+n out

'+o- the (y9& *o+, +e not !e+y )on/en# )o-%ny *hen the '-#y

#& to/ethe+. One %+#n)#% +e)enty )o-%#ne( tht, #n h#& &)hoo, heh( /+et (#''#)uty /ett#n/ %+ent& to )o-e to &)hoo on -o+

(#&)#%#n+y )&e& #n!o!#n/ &u&%en&#on o+ e"%u&#on. The +e&on *&

&#-%e: $oth %+ent& *o+e( #n -o&t '-##e&, n( t+#% to &)hooent#e( the o&& o' (y9& *o+.

E!en -o+e (#''#)ut 'o+ -ny &tu(ent& #& the e!e+>/+o*#n/

34



%+o$e- o' &#n/e>%+ent hou&eho(&. <#th (#!o+)e $e)o-#n/ -o+e

n( -o+e )o--on, -ny youn/&te+& +e ')#n/ the %+o$e-& o' e&&

&u%e+!#&#on n( -o+e +e&%on&#$##ty tht /o on/ *#th the one>%+enthou&eho(. O' )ou+&e, the (#!o+)e &tt#&t#)& te ony %+t o' the &to+y.

In -ny &#tut#on&, %+ent &#-%y (#&%%e+& '+o- the &)ene *#thout $othe+#n/ *#th &u)h (et#& & (#!o+)e o+ )h#( &u%%o+t. Th#& ((& &t#

nothe+ !+#$e to the #'e o' the )h#(+en #n!o!e(.O$!#ou&y &o+t& o' %+o$e-& $&e( u%on #n&e)u+#ty,

+ee)t#on o+ e!en $u&e +e $+ou/ht to &)hoo $y )h#(+en '+o- the

ho-e& (e&)+#$e( $o!e. A((e( to the&e #& the ')t tht -ny )h#(+en-y &ee #n the te)he+ -othe+ '#/u+e o+ 'the+ '#/u+e. Th#& )n

$+#n/ $out &e!e+e e-ot#on (+#n on the te)he+, *#th tten(nt

%+o$e-&.

T#e 9. Sit*ati!

In e+#e+ ye+&, &tu(ent *ho h( #tte %t#tu(e 'o+ o+ #nte+e&t

#n “$oo e+n#n/0 &#-%y (+o%%e( out o' &)hoo t n e+y /e n(

*ent to *o+ on the '+-. In n u+$n &ett#n/, ho*e!e+, he #&

une-%oy$e unt# he +e)he& the -#n#-u- /e ))o+(#n/ to%%#)$e *&. Th#& h& &e+!e( to -e -ny &)hoo& t the u%%e+

/+(e e!e& #nto hu-n *+ehou&e& *he+e te)he+& tte-%t to )o%e

*#th “#n>&)hoo (+o%out&.0 Mny -o(e+n>(y (#&)#%#ne %+o$e-&o+#/#nte *#th th#& /+ou% o' &tu(ent&.

Anothe+ 'etu+e o' the %+o$e- (e&)+#$e( $o!e #& tht, e!en

'te+ the &tu(ent +e)he& n e-%oy$e /e, o$& +e !e+y h+( to '#n(.

The -#n#-u- */e e!e & e&t$#&he( $y * #& &u)h tht e-%oye+&)on&tnty &ee *y& to e#-#nte the -o+e -en# o$&. A )&e #n

%o#nt *& 'oo( %+o)e&&#n/ %nt tht e-%oye( $out hun(+e(

%eo%e *#th -#n#- &#&. The t#-e )-e *hen the -#n#-u-*/e +te $e)-e &o h#/h tht the o*ne+ uto-te( h#& %nt. A'te+

tht, he e-%oye( ony th+ee %eo%e o' *ho- *e+e *e t+#ne( n(

h#/hy &#e(.The&e )o--ent& &hou( not $e )on&t+ue( & $e#n/ o'

ne/t#!e tone +et#!e to )h#( $o+ o+ -#n#-u- */e +e/ut#on&. 3ut

35



#' *e oo t the- &oey #n te+-& o' the#+ #-%)t on &)hoo& n(

te)he+&, *e )n +e(#y &ee tht &o-e %+o$e-& h!e $een /ene+te(

$y the en)t-ent o' the&e *&.<ht (oe& the te)he+ (o *ho '#n(& h#-&e' ')e( *#th

&u$&tnt# nu-$e+ o' #n>&)hoo (+o%>out& *ho +e &#-%y %utt#n/ #nt#-e The te)he+ &hou( /et the he% tht #& !#$e '+o- the

(-#n#&t+t#!e n( &u%e+!#&o+y &t'', (e!eo% tou/h &#n, n( ee%t+y#n/. Th#& #& one o' the -o&t &e+#ou& (#&)#%#ne %+o$e- +e& #n

-ny &)hoo& to(y.

M.i%it,

In ((#t#on to the '+->to>)#ty -o!e-ent -ent#one( e+#e+,the+e #& en(e&& -o!e-ent -on/ A-e+#)n&. Mo+ )o+%o+t#on&

o'ten t+n&'e+ e-%oyee& )+o&& )ount+y. C+ee+ -##t+y %eo%e +e

o'ten #n!o!e( #n t+n&'e+&. An( -ny othe+ &e/-ent& o' the %o%ut#on &ee- to o!e $e#n/ #n -ot#on. One youn/&te+, &on o'

)o+%o+t#on e"e)ut#!e, tten(e( -o&t 6 &)hoo& (u+#n/ h#& 46 ye+&

o' ee-ent+y n( &e)on(+y *o+. He +e)te( $y $e)o-#n/ -o+

&)ho&t#) n( $eh!#o+ %+o$e-. Mny &-e+ )h#(+en +e!e+t toe+#e+ h$#t& &u)h & thu-$ &u)#n/ *hen the '-#y -o!e&.

The+e )n $e no ue&t#on tht youn/&te+ /oe& th+ou/h

%e+#o( o' t+u- *hen he #& -o!e(J*#th '-#y, '+o- one (#!o+)e( %+ent to the othe+, '+o- one 'o&te+ ho-e to nothe+, o+ ho*e!e+. An

un(e+&tn(#n/ te)he+ )n $e o' /+et (e o' he% to )h#( (u+#n/

the +e&ut#n/ %e+#o( o' (u&t-ent.

Pare!ta% Attit*de T/ards S"#% a!d Tea"#ers

The &)hoo #& o'ten 'o) %o#nt, &o)# )ente+, &ou+)e o' %+#(e, #n +u+ )o--un#ty. Fu+the+, te)he+& +e u&uy *e +e/+(e(

& the $e&t>e(u)te( %eo%e #n the )o--un#ty. Le(e+&h#% +oe& #n the

)o--un#ty +e o'ten &&u-e( $y &)hoo %e+&onne. In th#& &ett#n/, %+ent& +e u&uy #n)#ne( to %u&h e(u)t#on 'o+ #t #& *o+th *#th#n

the#+ o*n '-##e&. A&o, the+e #& o'ten the )o-'o+t#n/ 'ee#n/ tht

36



te)he+ no*& $e&t. In )&e o' (#&)#%#ne %+o$e- *#th &tu(ent, the

te)he+ )n /ene+y )ount on %+ent &u%%o+t #n )o%#n/ *#th #t.

Un(e+ the&e )#+)u-&tn)e& n( &u)h &)hoo& &t# e"#&tB, (#&)#%#ne #&o' -#n#- (#''#)uty.

3ut the&e )#+)u-&tn)e&, on)e )o--on, +e $e#n/ en)ounte+e(e&& '+euenty. Mny %+ent& %o&&#$y $e)u&e they (on9t no* the#+

o''&%+#n/ !e+y *eB -o&t uto-t#)y &u%%o+t the#+ )h#(+en*hene!e+ the+e #& )on'#)t $et*een te)he+ n( &tu(ent. Pe+h%& the

')t tht the te)he+ #& o'ten toty unno*n %e+&on ente+& #nto th#&.

A&o, the ')t tht the &tu(ent #& un#ey to /#!e the %+ent no$e)t#!e (e&)+#%t#on o' the &#tut#on #& (ou$te&& ')to+. Ho-e n(

&)hoo +e o'ten t o((& #n )o%#n/ *#th $eh!#o+ %+o$e-& #n!o!#n/

to(y9& &tu(ent&.S#-#+ tt#tu(e )hn/e& h!e o))u++e( +e/+(#n/ &)hoo& n(

e(u)t#on /ene+y. In e+#e+ ye+&, -ny %+ent& &* e(u)t#on &

the %&& ey to $ette+, e&#e+ #'e. To(y -ny $ue )o+ *o+e+&,o'ten *#th h#/h &)hoo e(u)t#on& o+ e&&, h!e $ette+ #n)o-e& thn (o

-ny )oe/e /+(ute&. Un(e+ the&e )#+)u-&tn)e& -ny %+ent& +e

not not$y enthu&#&t#) #n the#+ &u%%o+t o' h#/h )(e-#) )h#e!e-ent

on the %+t o' the#+ )h#(+en. In &ho+t, &)hoo& & &o)# #n&t#tut#on& +enot he( #n the h#/h +e/+( tht they on)e *e+e. Th#& h& h(

)on&#(e+$e #-%)t on the (e/+ee o' (e!ot#onJo+ ) o' &u)hJ

'oun( -on/ &tu(ent& 'o+ e(u)t#on. Th#&, #n tu+n, h& un(ou$te(yh( n #-%)t on &tu(ent $eh!#o+ #n the )&&+oo- n( on the

%y/+oun(.

C#a!gi!g 'ie/ T/ards A*t#rit,

So-e &tu(ent&, not$y (oe&)ent&, h!e *y& $een #n)#ne(

to )hen/e utho+#ty. Th#& %%#e( to utho+#ty '#/u+e&, #n)u(#n/te)he+& n( %+ent&. Ho*e!e+, 'o+ the %&t t*o (e)(e& o+ &o, the+e

h& $een /+ety ))entute( t+en( #n th#& (#+e)t#onJn( not u&t on

the %+t o' teen>/e+&. R#ot& o'ten #n!o!e %+t#)#%nt& '+o- e!e+y)on)e#!$e /e /+ou%. In -ny )&e&, the t+#//e+#n/ #n)#(ent #& -#no+

#n ntu+e, $ut #n %+)t#)y +#ot&, the n/e+ #& (#+e)te( to*+(

37



tho&e #n utho+#ty, u&uy * en'o+)e-ent %e+&onne.

An tt#tu(e $o+(e+#n/ on )onte-%t 'o+ utho+#ty h& #n'u&e(

-ny &tu(ent /+ou%& n( )ont#nue& to -e t+ou$e 'o+ &)hoo %e+&onne. Theo+#e& $oun( & to *hy th#& )hn/e #n tt#tu(e h&

o))u++e(. Mo&t te)he+& (o not h!e the t#-e o+, #n &o-e )&e&, the#n)#nt#on to t+y to o)te the $&#) )u&e&; they +e too $u&y t+y#n/ to

)o%e *#th the +e&ut#n/ )hn/e& #n the#+ )&&e&.R)# %+o$e-& '+euenty )ont+#$ute to the ty%e o' &#tut#on&

(e&)+#$e( $o!e. The&e o'ten (e'y ny &y&te- o' o/#). Mny &)hoo&

*#th -ut#>ethn#) (#!e+&e %o%ut#on& /o on/ 'o+ ye+& *#th -#n#-u- o' %+o$e-&, ony to h!e %+o$e-& %%e+ u#te &u((eny,

'+euenty o!e+ +et#!ey -#no+ #&&ue&. One &)hoo o''#)# tt+#$ute(

-o+ +)# out$+e to n ee)t#on o' )hee+e(e+&. He &#( he *#&he( the !#)#ou& $eh!#o+ e#)#te( )ou( h!e $een )on)ent+te( #n the

'oot$ te-

H/ D 0e He%$2

Mo&t o' the &o)#oo/#) ')to+& (e&)+#$e( e+#e+ #e #n +e&

tht +e )o-%etey out&#(e the )ont+o o' the te)he+. <ht, then, )n*e (o *hen %+o$e-& +#&e A 'e* %o#nt& +e *o+thy o' note; %e+h%&

you, on the $&#& o' you+ e"%e+#en)e, )n (( to th#& #&t.

Tr, t *!dersta!d t#e $r.%e+6 Th#& #& $&#) to ny ty%e o' %+o$e- &o!#n/, $eh!#o+ o+ othe+*#&e. <ht *ou( you $e #e #'

you *e+e #n the &tu(ent9& )#+)u-&tn)e& F+o- th#& %o#nt, )o--on

&en&e #& the $e&t /u#(e. <hen ohn, hn(&o-e &e!enth /+(e+,

$e)-e ho&t#e n( o%eny (e'#nt, )on)e+ne( te)he+ ooe( #nto the $)/+oun(. She 'oun( tht ohn9& 'the+ *& #n)u+$y #, tht h#&

-othe+ h( to *o+ to &u%%o+t the '-#y, n( tht the tte+ ((e( tothe %+o$e- $y 'ee#n/ !e+y no$e o!e+ he+ +oe. u&t no*#n/ o' the&e

)on(#t#on& he%e( the te)he+& he% ohn th+ou/h (#''#)ut %e+#o( o'

#'e.

0#i%e .ei!g *!dersta!di!g: aid .ei!g s%i"it*s6 Th#&

%%+o)h +ou&e& +e&ent-ent n( o'ten )ont+#$ute& to the %+o$e-.

38



Lear! t %iste!6 Mny &tu(ent& o' /e& +e hun/+y 'o+ n

ttent#!e, (ut #&tene+. Pe+h%& &o-e o' the (e!#nt $eh!#o+ *e

en)ounte+ #& $#( 'o+ &o-eone9& ttent#on. A te)he+, #n o+(e+ to $e ne''e)t#!e #&tene+, h& to !o#( the te-%tt#on to )o++e)t n/u/e

u&/e, %o&&#$y %+o'n#ty. One *+#te+ h& &#( tht the /+ete&t)o-%#-ent you )n %y %e+&on #& to /#!e h#- you+ 'u ttent#on.

Th#& -u&t $e /oo( the+%y, &#n)e ent#+e %+o'e&&#on& +e $&e( on #t.

D!;t tr, t sett%e eer,t#i!g ,*rse%6 Mny %+o$e-& +e

too $#/ 'o+ the te)he+ to hn(e un&&#&te(. Fo+ e"-%e, #' -o+ +)# #n)#(ent $+e& out, the te)he+ #& !e+y +e&t+#)t#!e & to *ht

)t#on& to te. Pe+h%& the $e&t %%+o)h #& to ) the %%+o%+#te

utho+#t#e&, then “(o (#&)+eet '(eout.0 The+e #& #tte %u+%o&e &e+!e(#n you+ $e)o-#n/ (e( o+ &e+#ou&y #nu+e( he+o

I t#ere are s$e"ii" /a,s i! /#i"# ,* "a! re!der seri"e:,* s#*%d d it< .*t d!;t tr, t tae ! t#e $r.%e+s t#e

/r%d6 A &o)#oo/#) %+o$e- tht h& $een (e!eo%#n/ 'o+ hun(+e(

ye+& #& not #ey to y#e( to the -#n#&t+t#on& o' &#n/e %e+&on.

Be .sera!t6 Mo&t (#&)#%#ne %+o$e-& +e the )u-#nt#on o'

n e"ten(e( /+o*th %e+#o(. Mny t#-e& te)he+ *ho o$&e+!e& the

t+en( )n #nte+!ene #n n uno$t+u&#!e *y n( e( o'' )on'+ontt#on.

Pride a sae "!sta!t i! a /r%d t#at "#a!ges a!d %eaes

st*de!ts ee%i!g %ie t#e, #ae %itt%e "!tr%6 E!e+yone nee(& to 'ee

they h!e (e/+ee o' %o*e+. In *o+( tht )hn/e& *#thout %%+ent+e&on, &tu(ent& '+euenty 'ee %o*e+e&&. A& -u)h & *e -#/ht *#&h

#t othe+*#&e, *e h!e !e+y #-#te( )ont+o o!e+ the en!#+on-ent

out&#(e ou+ &)hoo n( )&&+oo-. <e (o, ho*e!e+, h!e +e&on$e-e&u+e o' )ont+o o!e+ the en!#+on-ent *e 'o&te+ #n ou+ )&&+oo-.

Con&euenty, ou+ )&&+oo-& &hou( not $e nothe+ %)e *he+e

&tu(ent& 'ee they h!e no %o*e+.

E&'e()*)%n+ ,$+) e "e*+n*le (%ee% !e): e&'e()*)%n+

3



+*st .e (le*"l (,,$n%(*)e/ (%ee% t/): a!d e&'e()*)%n+ +*st .e

(n+%+)en)l en"(e/ (%ee% t#ree)6 Th#& ''o+(& u& the o%%o+tun#ty to

-e ou+ )&&+oo- &'e+ %)e *he+e &tu(ent& h!e n o%%o+tun#tyto e"e+)#&e the#+ %o*e+ n(, th+ou/h the#+ $eh!#o+ )ho#)e&, )hoo&e

the#+ +e*+(& n( )on&euen)e&.

I! C!"%*si!

Chn/e& #n &o)#ety h!e h( t+e-en(ou& e''e)t on&)hoo& n( the tt#tu(e to*+( utho+#ty tho&e &tu(ent& e"h#$#t. Su)h

+e& o' u+$n#@t#on, '-#y )hn/e&, %o!e+ty, (#&)+#-#nt#on, h#/h

une-%oy-ent n( othe+ )hn/e& #-%)t %eo%e, e&%e)#y &)hoo>/e( %eo%e. Athou/h te)he+& )nnot )ont+o the&e )hn/e&, they )n

-e n e''o+t to u&e the- )on&t+u)t#!ey; '#+&t &te% #n th#& (#+e)t#on

#& to t+y to un(e+&tn( the %+o$e-. E''e)t#!ey #-%e-ent#n/ the

Badgett-Kritso$is Strategic Leadership Model *# he% the te)he+& #n-n/#n/ $eh!#o+ #n the )&&+oo-. Ut##@#n/ the BK-SLM *# he%

&tu(ent& $e &u))e&&'u #n -eet#n/ (#y n( 'utu+e )hen/e& n(o%%o+tun#t#e&.

Re), the BK-SLM 'o!$datio$ Le%els o# S!ccess #n)u(e the

'oo*#n/: e,pectatio$s m!st be reaso$able e!e oneB, e,pectatio$s

clearly comm!$icated e!e t*oB, n( e,pectatio$s co$siste$tlye$#orced e!e th+eeB. The -o(e9& Ad%a$ced Le%els o# S!ccess

#n)u(e: res!lts mo$itored e!e 'ou+B, res!lts e%al!ated #or

e##ecti%e$ess e!e '#!eB, n( e,pectatio$s rei$#orced or re%ised e!e&#"B.

4!



SECTION =

THE PRINCIPAL;S R OLE IN

MANAGING BEHA'IOR

Th#& %u$#)t#on 'o)u&e& on the te)he+ & the )ent+ '#/u+eJ

not the %+#n)#%. The %+#n)#% #& en(e&&y #n!o!e( #n (e#n/ *#th

-n/#n/ $eh!#o+ #n the )&&+oo-, $ut h#& +oe #& (#''e+ent '+o- thto' the te)he+. In(ee(, +/e !ou-e o' %u$#&he( -te+# (e& *#th

the te)hn#) &%e)t& o' (#&)#%#ne & they %%y to the *o+ o' the

%+#n)#%. In -ny &%e)t&, the te)he+ n( %+#n)#% *o+ to/ethe+ & te- #n -n/#n/ $eh!#o+ #n the )&&+oo-. Th#& &e)t#on

e-%h&#@e& the +oe o' the %+#n)#% & !#e*e( $y the te)he+.

T#e Pri!"i$a% Sets t#e T!e

The %+#n)#% &et& the tone 'o+ *ht $eh!#o+ -n/e-ent

&y&te- *# $e #-%e-ente( 'o+ the ent#+e )-%u& un#t. The

'o!$datio$ Le%els o# S!ccess n( the Ad%a$ced Le%els o# S!ccess #nthe BK-SLM &hou( $e #-%e-ente( t $oth the )&&+oo- e!e n(

&)hoo $u#(#n/ un#t. <#th the #-%e-entt#on o' e,pectatio$s that

m!st be reaso$able e!e oneB, clearly comm!$icated e!e t*oB, n(

co$siste$tly e$#orced e!e th+eeB, the %+#n)#% n( te)he+& )+ete %o&#t#!e )#-te tht e(& to &tu(ent &u))e&&. <hen res!lts are

mo$itored e!e 'ou+B n( e%al!ated #or e##ecti%e$ess e!e '#!eB,

e,pectatio$s )n $e rei$#orced or re%ised e!e &#"B. U&#n/ the BK-SLM , te)he+& no* the &)o%e o' the#+ utho+#ty. <#th )on'#(en)e #n

the &)o%e o' the#+ utho+#ty, te)he+& )n e''e)t#!ey e&t$#&h

)&&+oo- e"%e)tt#on&.

T#e Pri!"i$a% is a He%$er

Mo&t %+#n)#%& +e(#y )on)e(e they )nnot un#te+y

-#nt#n (#&)#%#ne #n M#&& 9& )&&+oo-. Ho*e!e+, the he( %e+&on

41



#n ny o+/n#@t#on &et& the tone 'o+ the tot o%e+t#on. Hen)e, #n the

#(e &#tut#on, the %+#n)#% n( othe+ (-#n#&t+to+& e&t$#&h the

%o#)#e& n( /u#(e#ne& (e#n/ *#th (#&)#%#ne, n( the te)he+ %%#e&the&e *#th#n the )&&+oo-, on the %y/+oun(, o+ *he+e!e+ %+o$e-&

+#&e. Lo/#)y, #t &hou( 'oo* tht the te)he+ h& the 'u &u%%o+t o' the %+#n)#% #n the %+o)e&&.

Res$!si.i%it,

The te)he+ nee(& to un(e+&tn( the +oe o' the %+#n)#% #n-n/#n/ $eh!#o+ -tte+&. The %+#n)#% o' +/e &)hoo h& one o'

the -o&t )o-%e" o$& &o)#ety h& to o''e+ #n tht th#& %+#n)#% #&

te)hn#)y n(, to (e/+ee, e/y +e&%on&#$e 'o+ e!e+yth#n/ tht/oe& on #n the &)hoo. So, *h#e M#&& #& “$en(#n/ h#& e+0 $out the

-#&$eh!#o+ o' %+t#)u+ &tu(ent, the %+#n)#% -#/ht *e $e

(#!#(#n/ h#& ttent#on $et*een he+ %+o$e- n( &u)h -tte+& & o&#n/ 'oot$ &e&on, $#)e+#n/ $et*een )e+t#n te)he+& n(

)o-%#nt& $out the u#ty o' the 'oo( #n the un)h+oo-. In the

$)/+oun( -#/ht $e )on)e+n& o!e+ $#//e+ #&&ue&, %en(#n/ &u#t o!e+

)h+/e& o' (#&)+#-#nt#on, n( (#&/+ee-ent *#th the &u%e+#nten(ento!e+ ))ount#n/ -etho(&.

The %u+%o&e o' th#& (e&)+#%t#on #& to %o#nt out tht, thou/h the

$eh!#o+ %+o$e- *#th ohnny #& o' %+-ount #nte+e&t to the te)he+,th#& #& one o' the -ny %+o$e-& ')#n/ the %+#n)#%. The+e #& #tte to

$e /#ne( $y (ey#n/ the te)he+>%+#n)#% )on'e+en)e unt# nothe+

(y. The %+#n)#%9& “*o++y #&t0 *# )hn/e $ut #t #& *y& en/thy.

Mny te)he+& *ho te %+#(e #n th#n#n/ n( &%e#n/ #n %o&#t#!e te+-& $out %eo%e -(e &#n/e e")e%t#onJthe %+#n)#%.

Pe+h%& #' the&e te)he+& h( )e+e+ )on)e%t o' the )o-%e"#t#e& o'

the %+#n)#%9& +oe, they *ou( $e e&& #ey to )o-%#n tht, “I(#(n9t &ee- to h!e h#& 'u ttent#on.0

Se%-I!terest

P+#n)#%& *nt /oo( )&&+oo- -n/e-ent n( *# (o the#+

42



$e&t to he% $+#n/ th#& $out. Fo+ e"-%e, he no*& tht &#n/e

un)ont+oe( )&& h& n #-%)t th+ou/hout the &)hoo. Stu(ent& +e

(%t$e, $ut /o#n/ '+o- ne+>+#ot &#tut#on to -o+e 'o+- &ett#n/#& $#/ )hn/eJn( o'ten )+ete& %+o$e-& #n the ne* &ett#n/. A&

&#-%e -tte+ o' -#n#-#@#n/ %+o$e-& 'o+ )on)e+ne(, the %+#n)#%*ou( #e to e#-#nte the (#&o+(e+y &#tut#on tht #& /ene+t#n/ the&e

%+o$e-&.The %+#n)#%9& o*n &e'>#nte+e&t #& $e&t &e+!e( *hen /oo(

o+(e+ %+e!#&. <h#e the )h+/e #& &o-et#-e& he+( tht “They -(e

h#- &u%e+!#&o+ $e)u&e he )ou(n9t hn(e %+#n)#%&h#%,0/ene+y %+o'e&&#on (!n)e-ent )o-e& to tho&e *ho h!e

%e+'o+-e( *e #n othe+ +e&. The %+#n)#% *ho #& no*n to +un

/oo( &)hoo #& u&uy /#!en )+e'u )on&#(e+t#on *hen %+o-ot#on&+e $e#n/ -(e.

In -ny &)hoo& %hone& +e 'oun( ony #n )ent+ o''#)e. The+e

+e tho&e *ho &y th#& #& (ou$t'u $e&&#n/. 3ut *hen &)hoo #n/ene+ o+ &%e)#'#) te)he+ #& h!#n/ %+o$e-& #n the (#&)#%#ne +e,

the %hone #n the %+#n)#%9& o''#)e /et& +e *o+out. In &ho+t, #' the+e

+e )o-%#nt&, they u&uy /o to the %+#n)#% '#+&t. A/#n, '+o- the

%u+ey %+)t#) %%+o)h, the %+#n)#%9& &e'>#nte+e&t #& $e&t &e+!e(*hen th#n/& +e +unn#n/ &-oothy t &)hoo.

So-e o' the $o!e )o--ent& -#/ht &ee- &o-e*ht ne/t#!e

#n tone. Th#& *& not #ntent#on. Ho*e!e+, #n %u+ey %o&#t#!e &en&e,the %+#n)#% &hou( $e #nte+e&t #n %+o-ot#n/ the $e&t %o&&#$e e+n#n/

&#tut#on. A %+tJ !e+y #-%o+tnt %+tJo' th#& e+n#n/ &#tut#on #&

/oo( o+(e+ #n )&&+oo-& n( othe+ %h&e& o' &)hoo o%e+t#on&.

Th#& )n $e )h#e!e( ony th+ou/h te- e''o+t #n!o!#n/ %+#n)#%,te)he+&, n( &t''.

Psiti!

Due to the ntu+e o' h#& o$, the %+#n)#% #& un#uey he%'u #n

the -n/#n/ o' $eh!#o+. A& )oun&eo+ to te)he+&, Fo+ e"-%e, the)oun&eo+ to te)he+& )n o'ten he( o'' t+ou$e. Re)enty, '#+&t ye+

te)he+ )-e to the %+#n)#% #n /+et &tte o' /#tt#on $e)u&e &o-e

43



o' he+ &e)on( /+(e+& h( )hete( on &%e#n/ te&t. In the +&hne&& o'

he+ o*n youth, &he *& #n the -oo( to -e “ 'e(e+ )&e0 o' #t. She

*& %e+&ony ''+onte(, n( he+ )on'e+en)e *#th the %+#n)#%, &hee%t +e%et#n/ &u)h te+-& &, “I &#-%y *# not toe+te )het#n/ #n -y

+oo-.0 The %+#n)#% (onne( the +oe o' )oun&eo+ n(, th+ou/h )-(#&)u&&#on, /+(uy e( the youn/ te)he+ to &ee tht +&h )t#on *&

not the $e&t )ou+&e to te. I' &he h( th+o*n +oun( 'e* (+&t#)&tte-ent& he+ '#+&t #n)#nt#onB *#th &o-e n-e>)#n/, the

%+#n)#%9& tee%hone *ou( h!e /one #nto )t#on -o&t #--e(#tey.

A'te+ %+#n)#% h& *o+e( #n &)hoo 'o+ 'e* ye+&, he&hou( $e '#+y *e #n'o+-e( & to &%e)# )#+)u-&tn)e& tht $e+

u%on &tu(ent $eh!#o+. O'ten &o-e #n'o+-t#on & to '-#y &#tut#on,

)o--un#ty $)/+oun( n( +ete( -tte+& )n he% the te)he+ &ee %+o$e- o+ %otent# %+o$e- #n #t& t+ue '+-e o' +e'e+en)e. Hen)e,

the te)he+ )n '+euenty e+n /+et (e $out &#tut#on '+o- the

%+#n)#%. O$!#ou&y, 'o+ th#& #n'o+-t#on to &e+!e u&e'u %u+%o&e, #t&hou( $e )u#+e( be#ore the te)he+ h& ten )t#on on the %+o$e-.

Anothe+ +oe 'o+ the %+#n)#% #& #n the /ene+ +e o' &)hoo

*. <h#e %+e&u-$y the %+#n)#% #& not *ye+, &t# %e+&on #n

th#& %o&#t#on *ou( #ey ))u-ute )e+t#n -ount o' #n'o+-t#on& to *ht te)he+& +e n( +e not o*e( to (o un(e+ e"#&t#n/ *&.

Fo+ e"-%e, #& )o+%o+ %un#&h-ent %e+-#&&#$e I' &o, un(e+ *ht

)on(#t#on& <ht +e o) n( &tte +e/ut#on& (e#n/ *#th &)hootten(n)e Su&%en&#on E"%u&#on <ht +e)ou+&e #& !#$e to the

te)he+ /#n&t *ho- e/ )t#on #& '#e( I& #t e/ to %o&t /+(e&

o+ (oe& th#& !#ote the %+#!)y o' the &tu(ent The no*e(/e o' the

%+#n)#% #n the&e n( &#-#+ -tte+& #& the '#+&t #ne o' (e'en&e 'o+ thete)he+. I' the+e +e #n(#)t#on& tht the te)he+ -y $e #n!o!e( #n

&u&t#ne( %e+#o( o' e/ )t#on, n tto+ney #& nee(e(. E!en he+e, the

%+#n)#% *ou( #ey no* o' tto+ney& *ho +e e&%e)#yno*e(/e$e +e/+(#n/ th#& ty%e o' )t#on.

T#e Pri!"i$a% is a! E!r"er

44



Mny t#-e& the %%#)t#on o' &)hoo %o#)#e& & they +ete to

$eh!#o+ %+o$e-& #& %)e( (#+e)ty #n the hn(& o' the %+#n)#%. It'oo*& o/#)y tht the %+#n)#% &hou( $e $+ou/ht #nto the &#tut#on

$e'o+e the en'o+)e+ +oe #& $+ou/ht #nto %y. O$!#ou&y the %+#n)#% #& %)e( #n !e+y **+( %o&#t#on #', $y the t#-e he e+n& o'

%+o$e-, #t h& /+o*n to )+#&#& %+o%o+t#on&, *#thout h#& h!#n/ h( ny&o+t o' o%%o+tun#ty to he% !e+t the “&ho*(o*n %h&e.0

The &-e /ene+ #(e %%#e& #n +e'e++& to &%e)##@e(

%e+&onne o+ /en)#e&. O$!#ou&y, )ho& *ou( $e the +e&ut #' e)hte)he+ #n +/e &)hoo -(e h#& o+ he+ o*n +e'e++& to the

%&y)hoo/#&t, &o)# *o+e+, o+ to u!en#e )ou+t. ene+y &u)h

+e'e++& +e -(e $y the %+#n)#%, thou/h nee(y )&e& *ou( $e $+ou/ht to h#& ttent#on $y te)he+&.

A& n #u&t+t#on o' the %+#n)#%9& +oe #n the (#&)#%#ne +e,

et9& oo t &et o' +e/ut#on& %e+t#n#n/ to )o+%o+ %un#&h-ent. A&#/hty -o(#'#e( !e+&#on o' n )tu &et o' +e/ut#on& & (o%te( $y

&)hoo $o+( 'oo*&.

• S%e)#'#) $eh!#o+ *h#)h *++nt& )o+%o+ %un#&h-ent

-u&t $e out#ne( #n the A(-#n#&t+t#!e Hn($oo. Co+%o+

%un#&h-ent -y $e u&e( ony 'te+ e&& (+&t#) (ete++ent&

'#.

• Co+%o+ %un#&h-ent &h $e (-#n#&te+e( ony $y

%+#n)#% o+ &&#&tnt %+#n)#% #n the %+e&en)e o' nothe+

-e-$e+ o' the %+o'e&&#on &t'' o' the &)hoo.

• Co+%o+ %un#&h-ent &h $e (-#n#&te+e( ony 'te+

o$t#n#n/ *+#tten %e+-#&&#on '+o- the %+ent& o+ e/

/u+(#n n( &u)h %e+-#&&#on &h $e e%t on '#e #n the

%+#n)#%9& o''#)e.

• The &tu(ent &h $e (!#&e( o' the -#&)on(u)t o' *h#)h he

#& ))u&e( n( the $&#& 'o+ &u)h ))u&t#on n( &h $e

/#!en the o%%o+tun#ty to e"%#n h#& !e+&#on o' the ')t&

%+#o+ to the #-%o&#t#on o' )o+%o+ %un#&h-ent. In )&e&

45



*he+e %%#)$e, the &tu(ent &h $e /#!en )ho#)e o'

)o+%o+t#on %un#&h-ent o+ &u&%en&#on.

• A +e)o+( o' e)h #n)#(ent o' )o+%o+ %un#&h-ent &h $e

e%t *h#)h &h #n)u(e the n-e o' the &tu(ent n( the

t#-e, (te n( (et#& o' the !#ot#on, the 'o+- o'

(#&)#%#ne (-#n#&te+e( n( the n-e o' the %e+&on

(-#n#&te+#n/ the (#&)#%#ne n( the *#tne&&e& the+eto.

• The o''#)# *ho h& (-#n#&te+e( the )o+%o+ %un#&h-ent

-u&t %+o!#(e the )h#(9& %+ent, u%on +eue&t, *+#tten

e"%nt#on o' the +e&on& 'o+ th#& 'o+- o' %un#&h-ent n(

the n-e o' the othe+ %+o'e&&#on &t'' -e-$e+ *ho *& %+e&ent.

• Noth#n/ )ont#ne( #n the&e +e/ut#on& &h $e #nte+%+ete(

& %+oh#$#t#n/ n e-%oyee '+o- u&#n/ %hy&#) 'o+)e,

+e&on$e n( %%+o%+#te un(e+ the )#+)u-&tn)e&, #n(e'en(#n/ h#-&e' /#n&t %hy&#) tt) $y &tu(ent o+

to +e&t+#n &tu(ent '+o- tt)#n/ nothe+ &tu(ent o+ e-%oyee o+ to %+e!ent )t& o' -#&)on(u)t *h#)h +e &o

nt#>&o)# o+ (#&+u%t#!e #n ntu+e & to &ho) the

)on&)#en)e.

• The o''#)# (-#n#&te+#n/ )o+%o+ %un#&h-ent &h (o &o

#n +e&on$e -nne+, t#n/ #nto )on&#(e+t#on the /e,&#@e, e-ot#on )on(#t#on n( heth o' the &tu(ent.

• In the e!ent &u#t #& $+ou/ht /#n&t the %+#n)#% o+

(-#n#&t+to+, the &)hoo $o+(9& e/ )oun&e, (#&t+#)t

&)hoo $o+( *# +e%+e&ent n( (e'en(.

In -ny %h&e& o' the (#&)#%#n#n/ %+o)e&&, the %+#n)#% #&(e&#/nte( $y * o+ $y $o+( %o#)y & the %e+&on *ho &&u-e&

ut#-te +e&%on&#$##ty, #n)u(#n/ %un#&h-ent, &u&%en&#on& n(

+e'e++&. Ho*e!e+, #' the +oe o' %+#n)#% #& to $e *o+$e, th#&o''#)# -u&t h!e the &u%%o+t n( &&#&tn)e o' ')uty -e-$e+&.

The+e #& o'ten te-%tt#on 'o+ the te)he+ to $e )+#t#) o' the

%+#n)#% +e/+(#n/ h#& +oe o' -n/#n/ $eh!#o+. He #& ))u&e( o'

46



$e#n/ too e&y. An o'ten he+( )o--ent #n the te)he+9& oun/e &t+t&

*#th, “I' I h( h#& o$ 'o+ u&t 48 -#nute&, I $et I )ou(1.0 Yet the

te)he+ *ho '#n(& )+#t#)#&- o' the %+#n)#% to $e '!o+#te #n(oo+ &%o+t u&uy h& -u)h e&& #n'o+-t#on $out %+o$e- &#tut#on thn

(oe& the %+#n)#%. A )&e #n %o#nt: <h#e the o''en&e -y -e+#t&u&%en&#on, the %+#n)#% no*& tht, *h#e un(e+ &u&%en&#on, the

&tu(ent #n ue&t#on *# $e toty un&u%e+!#&e(, +o-#n/ the &t+eet&,)on&o+t#n/ *#th no*n )+#-#n&. <ht, #n &u)h )&e, #& to $e /#ne(

$y &u&%en&#on So the %+#n)#% (e&%e+tey &ee& othe+ *y& to

hn(e the )&e.

T#e Pri!"i$a% is a Reerrer

A))o+(#n/ to &tte * #n -ny &tte&, ony the %+#n)#% )n+e'e+ &tu(ent to othe+ /en)#e&. Un(e+ the&e )#+)u-&tn)e&, the

%+#n)#% #& #ey to -#nt#n /oo( )o--un#)t#on& *#th the othe+

/en)#e& #n ue&t#on. He no*&, #n n #n'o+- *y, *h#)h /en)#e&+e -o&t e''e)t#!e #n +eh$##tt#on, *h#)h +e (eute 'o+ “&to+/e.0

In &ho+t, the %+#n)#% #& #ey to $e +e&on$y *e #n'o+-e( & to the

$e&t %+o)e(u+e& to u&e #n -eet#n/ the &%e)# nee(& o' &%e)# &tu(ent&.

Th#& #& !u$e #n'o+-t#on #n &#tut#on& *he+e !+#ety o' %%+o)he& #& !#$e.

The t& o' +e'e++ #& not ten #/hty $y -o&t %+#n)#%&. One

&u)h o''#)# +e-+e( tht ny t#-e he h( to en#&t the he% o' nout&#(e /en)y; he *& (-#tt#n/ (e'et on h#& o*n %+t. Hen)e,

+e'e++& +e u&uy -(e & +e&ut o' )- e"e+)#&e o' u(/-ent,

not e-ot#on. A %+t#)u+ te)he+ hue( h%e&& youn/&te+ to the

o''#)e n( (e-n(e( tht he $e +e'e++e( then n( the+e to the u!en#eutho+#t#e&. <hen &e( $out he+ )o-%#nt, &he &#( he *&

un/o!e+n$eJn( +e%ete( the (e-n( tht the +e'e++ $e -(e.The %+#n)#% 'oun( tht th#& te)he+ *& the ony one *ho h( t+ou$e

*#th th#& (, n( &#-%e )hn/e o' &)he(ue too )+e o' the

&#tut#on.

I! C!"%*si!

47



In the -o(e+n &)hoo, the +oe o' the %+#n)#% #& !e+y )o-%e".

A& %%#e( to -n/#n/ $eh!#o+ #n the )&&+oo-, he #& the tone

&ette+, he%e+, en'o+)e+, n( +e'e++e+. An e''e)t#!e %+o/+- o' (#&)#%#ne)n $e #-%e-ente( ony *hen the te)he+ n( the %+#n)#% *o+

to/ethe+. The te)he+, *ho #& )+#t#) o' the %+#n)#% & he 'un)t#on& #n(#&)#%#ne, &hou( $e+ #n -#n( tht th#& #& ony one o' the -ny +e&

h#& +e&%on&#$##ty.The BK-SLM 'o!$datio$ Le%els o# S!ccess n( Ad%a$ced

Le%els o# S!ccess +e +e)o--en(e( 'o+ #-%e-entt#on t $oth the

)&&+oo- e!e n( &)hoo $u#(#n/ un#t. Re), the !+#ou& e!e& o' the -o(e #n)u(e the 'oo*#n/: e,pectatio$s m!st be reaso$able

e!e oneB, clearly comm!$icated e!e t*oB, n( co$siste$tly

e$#orced e!e th+eeB. es!lts -u&t $e mo$itored e!e 'ou+B,e%al!ated #or e##ecti%e$ess e!e '#!eB, n( e,pectatio$s rei$#orced or

re%ised e!e &#"B.

48



SECTION >

LEGAL IMPLICATIONS AND

THE HANDLING O& BEHA'IOR

PROBLEMS IN SCHOOLS

The (y *hen &)hoo %e+&onne h( *#(e (e/+ee o' t#tu(e

#n (e#n/ *#th %+o$e-& #n the +e o' %u%# $eh!#o+ #& (e'#n#tey %&t. L#t#/t#on #n th#& %h&e o' &)hoo o%e+t#on& &ee-& to $e 'u#( n(

en(e&&. No tte-%t *# $e -(e #n th#& &e)t#on to %+e&ent nyth#n/ o'

“'#n0 ntu+e, &#n)e ne* *&Jn( ne* u(#)# #nte+%+ett#on& o' e"#&t#n/ *&J+e )on&tnty )hn/#n/ n( e-e+/#n/. A&o th#&

(#&)u&&#on *# e-%h&#@e tho&e /ene+ e/ &%e)t& tht h!e

+et#!ey (#+e)t $e+#n/ on the *o+ o' the te)he+.

In (e)#&#on on *e>no*n )&e tht ut#-tey *ent to theUn#te( Stte& Su%+e-e Cou+t, the 'oo*#n/ %o&#t#on *& e&t$#&he(:

“Stu(ent& #n &)hoo& & *e & out o' &)hoo& +e %e+&on& un(e+ ou+

Con&t#tut#on. They +e %o&&e&&e( o' 'un(-ent +#/ht& *h#)h the &tte-u&t +e&%e)t, u&t & they the-&e!e& -u&t +e&%e)t the#+ o$#/t#on& to

the &tte.0 S)hoo $o+(& +e )on&tnty &tu(y#n/ the#+ %o&#t#on&

+et#n/ to %u%# $eh!#o+ #n the ho%e tht they )n e&t$#&h %o#)#e&n( %+o)e(u+e& tht *# &tn( the te&t o' u(#)# +e!#e*. Nu-e+ou&

o), &tte n( nt#on o+/n#@t#on& +e *o+#n/ on /u#(e#ne& 'o+

u&e $y &)hoo $o+(&. In &o-e )&e& the&e /u#(e#ne& /o $eyon(e"#&t#n/ * #n the (#+e)t#on o' %+ote)t#n/ &tu(ent +#/ht&, &#n)e the

t+en( o' )ou+t (e)#&#on& &ee-& to $e #n the (#+e)t#on o' -o+e &u)h %+ote)t#on.

In /ene+, (e!#)e& u&e( 'o+ ee)t+on#) )o--un#)t#on &hou(&u%%o+t &tu(ent &u))e&& n( e+n#n/. Stu(ent& -y $+#n/ %e+&on

te)hnoo/y, #n)u(#n/ net*o+ ))e&& (e!#)e&, &-+t %hone&,

)o-%ute+&, o+ othe+ ee)t+on#) (e!#)e& to &)hoo %+o!#(e( they +e&%e)#'#)y u&e( 'o+ e(u)t#on %u+%o&e&. Stu(ent& +e e"%e)te( to

$#(e $y the #n&t+u)t#on& /#!en $y te)he+& n( othe+ &)hoo &t'' #n the

u&e o' %e+&on te)hnoo/#e&. A))e&& to the (#&t+#)t )o--un#)t#on

4



&y&te-& o+ the Inte+net '+o- %e+&on te)hnoo/y &hou( $e #-#te( to

*#+ee&& ))e&& %o#nt& on the &)hoo )-%u&e&. A))e&& to (#&t+#)t

)o--un#)t#on &y&te-& o+ Inte+net '+o- %e+&on te)hnoo/y &hou(not $e !#$e !# h+(*#+e )onne)t#on&. DD %ye+&, #(eo /-e

&y&te-&, n( othe+ (e!#)e&, *h#)h &e+!e no e(u)t#on 'un)t#on,&hou( $e %+oh#$#te(. C-e+& n(Go+ !#(eo +e)o+(e+& &hou( not $e

o*e( t &)hoo>&%on&o+e( )t#!#t#e&, on &)hoo>%+o!#(e(t+n&%o+tt#on, #n &)hoo $u#(#n/& *#thout the (!n)e( e"%+e&&e(

utho+#@t#on $y the $u#(#n/ %+#n)#% o+ (e&#/nee. The u&e o' ny

!#(eo o+ %hoto/+%h#) eu#%-ent #& %+oh#$#te( *#thout e"%+e&&e((-#n#&t+t#!e )on&ent.

The $tte o' the )e %hone h& $een */e( 'o+ the t*o

(e)(e&. Ce %hone& +e /o#n/ to )ont#nue to %+e&ent te)he+& *#th-ny %+o$e-&. Mny %+ent& *nt the#+ )h#(+en to h!e )e %hone&,

e&%e)#y #n #/ht o' e!ent& &u)h & te++o+#&t tt)& n( &)hoo

&hoot#n/&. P+ent& *nt to no* tht the#+ )h#(+en +e &'e. One th#n/&ee-& )e+; )e %hone& +e not /o#n/ *y &oon, n( *hen they (o, #t

*# $e $e)u&e they h!e $een +e%)e( $y &o-e ne* te)hnoo/y *#th

#t& o*n $ene'#t& n( (+*$)&. In the -ent#-e, &)hoo (#&t+#)t& *#

h!e to *+e&te *#th the #&&ue& o' +e/ut#n/ the#+ %+e&en)e, n(te)he+& *# h!e to (e)#(e ho* to (e *#th the- #n -n/#n/

$eh!#o+ the )&&+oo-.

0#at is D*e Pr"ess2

A /+et (e #& he+( $out (ue %+o)e&& & %%#e( to the

&tu(ent&9 +#/ht& #n (#&)#%#n+y )t#on&. The te+- %%e+& to -en(#''e+ent th#n/& to (#''e+ent %eo%e. Ho*e!e+, #n /ene+ *y &

%%#e( to &tu(ent&, #t &ee-& to -en tht )e+, (e'#n#te, n( '#+ +ue&o+ %+o)e(u+e& -u&t /o!e+n (#&)#%#n+y )t#on&. Th#& e!e& no +oo-

'o+ h&ty o+ #-%etuou& )t#on on the %+t o' &)hoo utho+#t#e&; the+e #&

no %)e 'o+ n #n&tnt +ue.

A& n #u&t+t#on, *e *# te the -tte+ o' &u&%en&#on '+o-&)hoo 'o+ (#&)#%#n+y +e&on&. So-e +eu#+e-ent& tht %%+enty

-u&t $e -et +et#!e to (ue %+o)e&& +e & 'oo*&.

5!



16 #ot#on& tht -y e( to &u&%en&#on '+o- &)hoo -u&t $e

#&te(, n( the #&t -u&t $e !#$e to &tu(ent&.

6 The &tu(ent -u&t $e /#!en n o%%o+tun#ty to e"%+e&&h#-&e' +et#!e to the e/e( o''en&e.

46 <#th -#no+ e")e%t#on&, no &tu(ent -y $e +ee&e( (u+#n/the &)hoo (y *#thout not#'#)t#on o' %+ent o+ /u+(#n.

2. <+#tten not#)e to the &tu(ent n( %+ent& & to +e&on& 'o+ %+o%o&e( &u&%en&#on -u&t $e %+o!#(e( *#th#n $+#e' %e+#o(

o' t#-e 'te+ the o''en&e 'o+ e"-%e, one (yB.

8. <#th#n t*o o+ th+ee (y& he+#n/ -u&t $e he( $e'o+e &)hoo (-#n#&t+to+. Th#& he+#n/ #n!o!e& &tu(ent& n(

%+ent&; n tto+ney -y o+ -y not $e %+e&ent, (e%en(#n/

on o) +ue&. Th#& he+#n/ #& te)hn#)y -o+e o' )oun&e#n/ &e&&#on thn u(#)# he+#n/.

5. A'te+ the he+#n/, the %+ent& n( &tu(ent -u&t $e not#'#e(

#n *+#t#n/ & to *hethe+ the &tu(ent #& &u&%en(e(, on/*#th +e&on& n( )on(#t#on&.

=. The &tu(ent #& not#'#e( & to *hen he )n +etu+n to &)hoo.

O$!#ou&y the te)he+ *ho (e&)en(& u%on the %+#n)#%9&

o''#)e (e-n(#n/ tht %+t#)u+ &tu(ent $e &u&%en(e('o+th*#th n( #--e(#tey #& not #ey to %+e!#. Due

%+o)e&& & %%#e( to &tu(ent& -e& &u)h n )t#on

%+)t#)y #-%o&&#$e.

La/s Dea% 0it# Seera% Areas

Le/ +u#n/& h!e $een -(e +e/+(#n/ *#(e !+#ety o' &tu(ent )t#!#t#e&Jue&t#on$e )ontent #n the &)hoo ne*&%%e+,

(#&%y#n/ +- $n(& o+ ny &y-$o& o' %+ote&t, n( (e#!e+#n/o$&)ene o+ %+o!o)t#!e &%ee)he&. He+e *e &h e"-#ne &e!e+ +e&

tht +e -o+e (#+e)ty %%#)$e to the *o+ o' the te)he+.

Sear"# a!d Sei8*re

A& to &e+)h#n/ %e+&on, the &-e +ue& &ee- to %%y to

51



&tu(ent& n( to non>&tu(ent&. A “+ue o' thu-$0 *h#)h h& thu& '+

$een ))e%te( #& tht the &e+)h o' &tu(ent9& %e+&on &hou( $e )++#e(

out ony *hen the (-#n#&t+t#on h& +e&on$e $e#e' tht the &tu(ent#& )on)e#n/ e!#(en)e o' n #e/ )t o+ &)hoo +ue !#ot#on. E!en

th#& &ee-& to $e )ont#nuou&y #t#/te(, n( )hn/e& & to e/ &ttu&-y o))u+ t ny t#-e.

Con&#(e+$e ttent#on #& $e#n/ /#!en to &u)h -tte+& & &e+)ho' &tu(ent9& o)e+. Th#& &ee-& to $e n +e o' )ont#nu#n/ #nte+e&t.

An e+#e+ +u#n/ he( tht, &#n)e the o)e+ #& %+o!#(e( $y the &)hoo

n( #& te)hn#)y the %+o%e+ty o' the &)hoo, th#& o)e+ )n $e&e+)he( $y &)hoo utho+#t#e& *#thout *++nt n( *#thout the

)on&ent o' the &tu(ent. Th#& +u#n/ 'u+the+ he( tht )ont+$n( 'oun(

(u+#n/ &u)h &e+)h )ou( $e u&e( & e!#(en)e 'o+ )ou+t %+o)ee(#n/&.Ho*e!e+, -ny &)hoo &y&te-& h!e )+e'uy !o#(e( 'u u&e o' the

%+e+o/t#!e& thu& /+nte( n( &e+)h o)e+& ony un(e+ )+e'uy

%+e&)+#$e( )on(#t#on&.Pe+h%& the )&&+oo- te)he+& *# h!e #tte o))&#on to

en//e #n &e+)h n( &e#@u+e. Yet &e!e+ -o+ )ou+t te&t& h!e $een

$&e( u%on )t& $y )&&+oo- te)he+& +the+ thn (-#n#&t+to+&.

Dress

<ho )n 'o+/et the e+ *hen $oy& /+e* on/ h#+ n( te)he+&/+e* #n(#/nnt Th#& e+ *& &o -+e( $y /ene+ )hn/e #n (+e&&

%+)t#)e&, *#th /#+& &ho*#n/ u% t &)hoo #n -#n#&#+t& o+ o!e+&.

Mny &)hoo $o+(& o(e( &)hoo (-#n#&t+to+& *#th )o-%etey

unen'o+)e$e +ue&. I' the %+#n)#% h( ten o' the&e (#+e)t#!e&#te+y, he *ou( h!e &%ent o' h#& t#-e -e&u+#n/ the en/th o'

the h#+ n( o' the &#+t.

<h#e n e''o+t *& -(e $y the )ou+t& to $n)e &tu(ent+#/ht& /#n&t othe+ )on&#(e+t#on&J)(e-#), heth n( &'ety

')to+&, 'o+ e"-%eJ&tu(ent +#/ht& h!e )on&#&tenty *on out. D+e&&

#& )on&#(e+e( -tte+ o' %e+&on &e'>e"%+e&&#on, n( +#/#( +ue& h!e $een )on&#&tenty !o#(e(. Mny &)hoo &y&te-& +e no* -#n/

&tu(ent (+e&& n( /+oo-#n/ -tte+ to $e (ete+-#ne( $y &tu(ent& n(

52



%+ent&. So-e &et& o' +e/ut#on& -e )e+t#n &%e)#'#) e")e%t#on&;

othe+& e!e the -tte+ o%en>en(e(, *#th -o+ +e&%on&#$##ty &&#/ne(

to the %+#n)#%.Men*h#e &o-e te)he+& &t# 'ee tht they +e $e#n/

''+onte( une&& )e+t#n (+e&& &tn(+(& +e -et $y the#+ &tu(ent&. A*o+( o' )ut#on #&: Don9t en//e #n un#te+ )t#on; (on9t t+y to u&e

&et o' &tn(+(& tht !+#e& '+o- tht o' the &)hoo &y&te-. Su)h %+)t#)e )n ony e( to # *# n( ut#-te (e'et.

Cr$ra% P*!is#+e!t

A$out h' o' the &tte& h!e *& tht (e, #n one *y o+

nothe+, *#th )o+%o+ %un#&h-ent. Ho*e!e+, -ny &)hoo &y&te-&h!e +e/ut#on& $nn#n/ )o+%o+ %un#&h-ent, e!en #n &tte& *ho&e

*& %e+-#t #t.

O' )ou+&e, )o+%o+ %un#&h-ent *& )on&#(e+e( n #nte/+ %+to' e(u)t#on 'o+ -ny ye+&. The “$o+( o' e(u)t#on0 hun/ on n#

$eh#n( the te)he+9& (e& #n thou&n(& o' )&&+oo-&. Ho*e!e+, the+e

h& on/ $een )ont#nu#n/ (#&)u&&#on & to the e''e)t#!ene&& o' th#&

%+)t#)e. So-e te)he+& &ee the u&e o' the %((e & n (-#&&#on o' '#u+e; othe+& &ee #t & “&%e#n/ to h#- #n n/u/e he )n

un(e+&tn(.0

In &#tut#on& *he+e )o+%o+ %un#&h-ent #& n ))e%te( %+)t#)e, the+e #& u&uy n %%+o!e( %+o)e(u+e to $e u&e(. The

te)he+, *ho th#n& the+e #& %o&&#$##ty tht th#& ty%e o' %un#&h-ent

-y $e #n!oe(, &hou( )+e'uy )he) *#th &)hoo utho+#t#e&

+e/+(#n/ the&e %+o)e(u+e&. A )+(#n %+#n)#%e #& to ne!e+ (-#n#&te+ )o+%o+ %un#&h-ent #n n/e+. Th#& h& e( to #nnu-e+$e (-/e

&u#t& /#n&t te)he+&, n( #n &u$&tnt# nu-$e+ o' )&e&, the +u#n/

*& /#n&t the te)he+.

H/ Ca! 0e O$erate 0it#i! t#e La/2

Mny &)hoo &y&te-& h!e u&e( )ou+t +u#n/& n( othe+

/u#(e#ne& #n o+(e+ to (+* u% &tte-ent& +et#!e to -n/#n/

53



$eh!#o+ #n the#+ o*n &)hoo&. Foo*#n/ #& )o-%o&#te e"-%e. A

+/e nu-$e+ o' %u$#)t#on& $y &)hoo &y&te-& h!e $een e"-#ne(,

n( th#& #u&t+t#on )o&ey %tte+n& 'te+ -ny o' the-. Thu& '+, 'o+ no*, the /ene+ %%+o)h +e%+e&ente( he+e h& $een 'oun( to $e

e/y ))e%t$e.

Dis"i$%i!e P%i",

S)hoo (#&)#%#ne h& t*o $+o( o$e)t#!e&. F#+ n( #-%+t#

(#&)#%#ne he%& #n&u+e %+o%e+ )#-te 'o+ e+n#n/ n( #t &o he%&

&tu(ent& (e!eo% the &e'>(#&)#%#ne tht #& +eu#+e( 'o+ e+n#n/.Athou/h the ut#-te +e&%on&#$##ty 'o+ &tu(ent )on(u)t +e&t&

*#th the &tu(ent n( h#& %+ent&, #t #& the (#y +e&%on&#$##ty o' &)hoo

%e+&onne to &ee tht no &#n/e %e+&on #nte+'e+e& *#th the tot e+n#n/en!#+on-ent o' othe+ &tu(ent&.

In(#!#(u hu-n )on(u)t #& )o-%o&#te o' -ny ')to+&

*h#)h te)he+& )nnot *y& o!e+)o-e (u+#n/ the &)hoo ye+&;the+e'o+e, *hen the &tu(ent '#& to (#&)#%#ne h#-&e' to 'oo* the

e&t$#&he( +ue& o' &)hoo, #t $e)o-e& the &)hoo9& +e&%on&#$##ty to

(#&)#%#ne the &tu(ent.

A& %+e&)+#$e( $y *, e!e+y te)he+ #& utho+#@e( to ho( e!e+y %u%# to &t+#)t ))ount$##ty 'o+ ny (#&o+(e+y )on(u)t #n &)hoo o+

on the %y/+oun( o' the &)hoo o+ on ny &t+eet, +o(, o+ &)hoo $u&

/o#n/ to o+ +etu+n#n/ '+o- &)hoo, n( (u+#n/ #nte+-#&&#on& o+ +e)e&&e&. It #& the '#n +e&%on&#$##ty o' the %+#n)#% to -#nt#n

(#&)#%#ne t e)h &)hoo.

S)hoo& (o &&u-e +e&%on&#$##ty to he% &tu(ent e+n &e'>

(#&)#%#ne. Ho*e!e+, *hen &tu(ent e"h#$#t& -+e( (e!#t#on '+o-))e%t$e $eh!#o+, #t #& the +e&%on&#$##ty o' the te)he+, %+#n)#%,

/u#(n)e, tten(n)e, n( %&y)hoo/#) %e+&onne to un(e+te e!e+ye''o+t to #(ent#'y the %+o$e-, to &e)u+e %+ent un(e+&tn(#n/ n(

)oo%e+t#on, n( to he% the &tu(ent #n ))o+(n)e *#th the#+ $e&t

u(/-ent n( the +e&ou+)e& !#$e.

In tho&e )&e& *he+e )o++e)t#!e )t#on $e)o-e& ne)e&&+y, the(#&)#%#n+y -e&u+e& ten &hou( $e %o&#t#!e, )on&t+u)t#!e, n(

(#+e)te( to*+( &e+!#n/ e(u)t#on en(&. It &hou( $e )e+y

54



un(e+&too( $y the &tu(ent n( h#& %+ent& tht the %u+%o&e o'

(#&)#%#n+y )t#on #& to -o( 'utu+e $eh!#o+ n( to te)h the &tu(ent

tht e(u)t#on #& +#/ht u#'#e( $y )o-%#n)e *#th +e&on$e +ue&n( +e/ut#on&.

<h#e the &)hoo #& )on)e+ne( *#th the #n(#!#(u n( h#&*e'+e, #t -u&t &o $e )on)e+ne( *#th the /+ou% n( the#+ *e'+e $y

%+e&e+!#n/ the %+o%e+ t-o&%he+e 'o+ te)h#n/ n( e+n#n/.De!#t#on& o' $eh!#o+ &h +e&ut #n tten(n)e t &tu(ent

)#n#)& o+ $y &u&%en&#on n(Go+ e"%u&#on. Stu(ent& *ho h!e $een

(en#e( no+- tten(n)e %+#!#e/e& $e)u&e o' &u&%en&#on& o+ e"%u&#on& 'o+ -o+e thn t*enty 6B (y&, -y &ee tten(n)e t

&%e)##@e( &)hoo&.

Mi!r Oe!se Reg*%ati!s

A. 3eh!#o+ C#n#) Fo+ M#((e>Sen#o+ H#/h S)hoo Stu(ent& OnyB

16 <hen &tu(ent& )o--#t -#no+ o''en&e&, #t #& +e)o--en(e( tht

te)he+& )ont)t, $y %hone o+ othe+*#&e, the %+ent& n( #n'o+-

the- o' the %+o$e-& $e'o+e +e'e++#n/ the &tu(ent& to the

%+#n)#%.

6 The &tu(ent +e-#n& #n )&& unt# &een $y the %+#n)#%. The

%+#n)#% -y: )oun&e *#th &tu(ent; (-#n#&te+ %un#&h *o+;

+e'e+ &tu(ent to the /u#(n)e )oun&eo+, o+ +e'e+ the &tu(ent to $eh!#o+ )#n#). He &hou( )ont)t %+ent&, #' %o&&#$e, n(

+eue&t )on'e+en)e. <+#tten )o--un#)t#on to %+ent&

)on)e+n#n/ the (#&)#%#ne %+o$e-& #& (!#&e(.

46 The )#n#) %+o!#(e& n te+nt#!e to the +out#ne %+o)e(u+e 'o+ (e#n/ *#th (#&+u%t#!e &tu(ent&. It& o%e+t#on #& $&e( u%on the

)on)e%t o' %o&#t#!e #nte+!ent#on $eh!#o+ -o(#'#)t#on theo+yn( te)hn#ue&. Ate+nt#!e 'o+-& o' the )#n#) -y $e u&e(

*hen (ee-e( ne)e&&+y $y the %+#n)#%. F#u+e to %%e+ t

)#n#) on the &&#/ne( (te *# +e&ut #n &u&%en&#on une&& the

&tu(ent h& !#( e")u&e. St!de$ts (ith %alid e,c!ses m!st atte$d ma)e-!p sessio$s o# the cli$ic at the $e,t sessio$. The

Beha%ior cli$ic (ill be co$d!cted a#ter school #or a period o#

55



at least o$e ho!r a$d #orty-#i%e mi$!tes. Stu(ent& -y tten(

)#n#) 'o+ ony 'ou+ o''en&e&. Su&%en&#on *# o))u+ *#th the

'#'th o''en&e. P+ent& *# $e #n'o+-e( o' &&#/n-ent to the)#n#).

3. Co+%o+ Pun#&h-ent16 Co+%o+ %un#&h-ent #& (e'#ne( & %un#&h#n/ &tu(ent $y &t+##n/

on the $utto)& *#th %((e %+o!#(e( $y the S)hoo 3o+( -"#-u- o' '#!e 8B t#-e&. Su)h %un#&h-ent -u&t $e

(-#n#&te+e( #n +e&on$e -nne+ t#n/ #nto )on&#(e+t#on

the /e, &#@e, e-ot#on )on(#t#on n( heth o' the &tu(ent.

6 Co+%o+ %un#&h-ent &h $e (-#n#&te+e( ony $y %+#n)#%,

&&#&tnt %+#n)#%, o+ te)he+ 'te+ h!#n/ o$t#ne( %e+-#&&#on

'+o- the %+#n)#%. Su)h %un#&h-ent &h $e (-#n#&te+e( #n &%e)#'#) %)e (e&#/nte( $y the %+#n)#% n( #n the %+e&en)e

o' nothe+ -e-$e+ o' the %+o'e&&#on &t''.

46 <+#tten %e+-#&&#on -u&t $e o$t#ne( '+o- the %+ent& %+#o+ to the(-#n#&t+t#on o' )o+%o+ %un#&h-ent n( e%t on '#e #n the

%+#n)#%9& o''#)e.

76 The &tu(ent &h $e (!#&e( o' h#&Ghe+ %+t#)u+ -#&)on(u)t n(

&h $e /#!en n o%%o+tun#ty to e"%#n h#&Ghe+ !e+&#on o' the')t& %+#o+ to the #-%o&#t#on o' )o+%o+ %un#&h-ent.

=6 A +e)o+( o' e)h #n)#(ent o' )o+%o+ %un#&h-ent &h $e e%t

*h#)h &h #n)u(e the &tu(ent9& n-e, n( the t#-e, (te,(et#& o' !#ot#on, 'o+- o' (#&)#%#ne (-#n#&te+e(, the %e+&on

(-#n#&te+#n/ &u)h (#&)#%#ne, n( the *#tne&&. U%on +eue&t o'

the %+ent, the %+#n)#% &h not#'y the %+ent& o' &u)h

!#ot#on n( %un#&h-ent.

E%e+e!tar, S"#% Reg*%ati!s

Ee-ent+y &)hoo %+#n)#%& -y u&e, t the#+ o*n (#&)+et#on,

ny o' the -#((e n( &en#o+ h#/h &)hoo (#&)#%#ne +e/ut#on& they

'ee (!#&$e. Ho*e!e+, the 'oo*#n/ &tu(ent o''en&e& &hou( (+* )on'e+en)e *#th the %+ent n(Go+ &o)# *o+e+, 'oo*e( $y &ho+t>

te+- &u&%en&#on on the &e)on( o''en&e:

56



• D#&+e&%e)t 'o+ utho+#ty,

• D#&o$e(#en)e,

• Cu+&#n/ ')uty o+ &)hoo o''#)#&,

•

Th+eten#n/ ')uty,• n(#&-,

• E"to+t#on, n(

• 3uy#n/.

Ot#er Oe!ses

Othe+ o''en&e& e&t$#&he( $y othe+ *+#tten +e/ut#on& o' the

S)hoo 3o+( o+ (o%te( $y the %+#n)#% o' %+t#)u+ &)hoo n(

%%+o!e( $y the Su%e+#nten(ent o' S)hoo& &h $e %un#&he( #n))o+(n)e *#th the %un#&h-ent &et 'o+th #n &u)h +e/ut#on&.

An ))u-ut#on o' o''en&e& t one o))u++en)e -y +e&ut #n

the t#n/ o' -o+e &e!e+e (#&)#%#n+y )t#on, &u)h & &ho+t>te+- o+ on/>te+- &u&%en&#on.

Any &tu(ent *ho (e#$e+tey +e'u&e& to o$ey the +eue&t o+

(#+e)t#!e o' te)he+ o+ &)hoo (-#n#&t+to+ (u+#n/ (#&+u%t#on& *#

$e &u&%en(e(. Fu+the+ +e'u& to e!e the &)hoo %+e-#&e& 'te+ th#&&u&%en&#on *# +e&ut #n )#n/ #n * en'o+)e-ent o''#)#&, n(

&tu(ent& *# then $e ++e&te( & t+e&%&&e+&.

S)hoo& +e (e&#/nte( & @e+o toe+n)e *e%on @one&. A*e%on #& (e'#ne( n( )&&#'#e( & ny 'o+- o' o$e)t tht -y $e

u&e( to #n'#)t %hy&#) (-/e u%on nothe+ %e+&on.

D#&)#%#ne %+o$e-& on the &)hoo $u& *# $e (et *#th $y the

%+#n)#% o' the &)hoo +e&%on&#$e 'o+ the &tu(ent #n ))o+( *#th &tte*& n( &)hoo +e/ut#on&. P+#n)#%& *# te )t#on ne)e&&+y to

#n&u+e o%e+t#on &'ety o' the $u&e&.

S*s$e!si! Reg*%ati!s

A. Su&%en&#on '+o- &)hoo )n $e one o' t*o ty%e&:

16 Short-Term S!spe$sio$ #& ny (en# o' &)hoo tten(n)e

'o+ '#!e 8B (y& o+ e&&.

57



6. Lo$g-Term S!spe$sio$ #& ny (en# o+ &)hoo tten(n)e 'o+

%e+#o( #n e")e&& o' '#!e 8B (y& $ut not $eyon( t*enty 6B

(y&.3. <hen, #n the u(/-ent o' the %+#n)#%, the )#n#) #& not %+o!#n/ to

$e &u))e&&'u (ete++ent to -#&$eh!#o+, the %+#n)#% -y&u&%en(. E!#(en)e o' th#& *ou( $e nu-e+ou& )#n#)& 'o+ !+#ou&

o''en&e&. Stu(ent& -y tten( )#n#) 'o+ o$ly #o!r o##e$ses, *#th&u&%en&#on &t+t#n/ *#th the '#'th o''en&e.

S#rt-Ter+ S*s$e!si! Pr"ed*res

4. P+#n)#%& -u&t -e e!e+y +e&on$e e''o+t to #n!e&t#/te

&%e)t& o' (#&)#%#ne %+o$e-. I' the %+#n)#% '#n(& the o''en&e #&o' the ntu+e tht (e-n(& &u&%en&#on, the &tu(ent &hou( $e

&u&%en(e(.

6 P+#o+ to ny &u&%en&#on, the &)hoo %+#n)#% &h (!#&e the %u%##n ue&t#on o' the %+t#)u+ -#&)on(u)t o' *h#)h he o+ &he #&

))u&e( & *e & the $&#& 'o+ &u)h ))u&t#on, n( the %u%# &h

$e /#!en n o%%o+tun#ty t tht t#-e to e"%#n h#& o+ he+ !e+&#on o'

the ')t& to the &)hoo %+#n)#% o+ h#& (e&#/nte&.

46 The %+#n)#% &h -e e!e+y e''o+t to )ont)t the &tu(ent9&

%+ent& o+ /u+(#n& $y tee%hone, #' %o&&#$e, not#'y#n/ the- o' the

&u&%en&#on, n( tht the &tu(ent *# $e o+ h& $een +e-o!e( '+o-h#& )&& n( *# $e e%t un(e+ &u%e+!#&#on unt# the )o&e o' the

&)hoo (y o+ the ++#! o' the %+ent o+ /u+(#n. I' the %+ent o+

%+#n)#% &o +eue&t&, the &tu(ent *# $e /+nte( n e+y (#&-#&&

'+o- &)hoo to +etu+n to h#& ho-e. In the e!ent &tu(ent -y )u&e (#&+u%t#on o' the o+(e+y o%e+t#on& o' the &)hoo, he -y $e

+e-o!e( '+o- the &)hoo %+e-#&e& #--e(#tey n( %)e( #n the)u&to(y o' h#& %+ent& o+ ne"t o' #n.

76 The %+#n)#% *# -# +e%o+t o' the &u&%en&#on to the %+ent o+

/u+(#n %+e'e+$y on the (y o' the &u&%en&#on, #' %o&&#$e, $ut no

te+ thn the 'oo*#n/ &)hoo (y. A((#t#on )o%#e& &h $e &entto the Su%e+#nten(ent9& o''#)e, the O''#)e o' Ch#( <e'+e n(

Atten(n)e, n( the /u#(n)e o''#)e o' the &)hoo. In ((#t#on, the

58



%+#n)#% o+ &&#&tnt %+#n)#% &h ee% )o%y on '#e.

=6 I' the %+ent o+ /u+(#n o' the &u&%en(e( &tu(ent *#&he& to )onte&t

the &u&%en&#on, the %+ent o+ /u+(#n, *#th#n '#!e 8B &)hoo (y&'te+ +e)e#%t o' *+#tten not#'#)t#on o' the &u&%en&#on, -y &u$-#t

*+#tten o+ %e+&on +eue&t to the Su%e+#nten(ent to +e!#e* the-tte+. U%on &u)h +eue&t the Su%e+#nten(ent o+ h#& (e&#/nee &h

&)he(ue he+#n/ t h#& e+#e&t )on!en#en)e to $e he( #n))o+(n)e *#th the he+#n/ %+o)e(u+e (e&)+#$e( *#th#n the )onte"t

o' the on/>te+- &u&%en&#on %+o)e(u+e.

Rei!state+e!t St*de!t ! S#rt-Ter+ S*s$e!si!

U%on the &tu(ent9& +etu+n to &)hoo, #' the +e&ut& o' %+#o+ )on'e+en)e h!e not $een &u))e&&'u, the %+#n)#% &h &)he(ue

)on'e+en)e to $e tten(e( $y %%+o%+#te &)hoo %e+&onne n( $y the

&tu(ent n( the &tu(ent9& %+ent&B o+ /u+(#n&B.I' #n the u(/-ent o' the %+#n)#% n( +e&%on&e o' the %+ent&B

o+ /u+(#n&B #& (ee-e( ne)e&&+y 'o+ the &tu(ent9& &u))e&&'u

+e#n&tte-ent to the &)hoo, n( the %+ent&B, /u+(#n&B, o+ othe+

'-#y -e-$e+ '#& o+ +e'u&e& to +e&%on(, the %+#n)#% -y+e)o--en( on/>te+- &u&%en&#on to the Su%e+#nten(ent.

0ar!i!g

A'te+ th+ee &ho+t>te+- &u&%en&#on&, the ne"t #n)#(en)e )u&#n/

ny 'o+- o' &u&%en&#on &h +e&ut #n +e)o--en(e( e"%u&#on. The

&-e not#'#)t#on %+o)e(u+e & othe+ &ho+t>te+- &u&%en&#on& &h $e#&&ue( *#th the e")e%t#on tht the *+#tten not#)e to the %+ent *# $e

&ent $y )e+t#'#e( -#, +etu+n +e)e#%t +eue&te(. The &tu(ent n( %+ento+ /u+(#n &h $e #n'o+-e(, $y !e+$ n( *+#tten )o--un#)t#on,

tht ny &u$&euent o))&#on *++nt#n/ ny 'o+- o' &u&%en&#on, 'te+

the th#+( &u&%en&#on, &h +e&ut #n +e)o--en(e( e"%u&#on.

5



L!g-Ter+ S*s$e!si! Pr"ed*res

4. P+#n)#%& -u&t -e e!e+y +e&on$e e''o+t to #n!e&t#/te &%e)t& o' $eh!#o+ -n/e-ent %+o$e-. P+#n)#%& &h h!e

+e&on$e )u&e to $e#e!e tht the &tu(ent #& /u#ty o' n o''en)e

*h#)h *ou( )on&t#tute /+oun(& 'o+ (#&)#%#n+y )t#on n( tht the&#tut#on *++nt& &e!e+e (#&)#%#n+y )t#on $e'o+e +e)o--en(#n/

to the Su%e+#nten(ent tht the &tu(ent $e %)e( on on/>te+-

&u&%en&#on.

6. P+#n)#%& &h (ete+-#ne, ))o+(#n/ to the ntu+e n( the&e+#ou&ne&& o' the o''en&e, *hethe+ &tu(ent +e)o--en(e( 'o+

on/>te+- &u&%en&#on -y +e-#n #n &)hoo o+ $e (en#e(

tten(n)e +#/ht& %en(#n/ he+#n/. A he+#n/ -u&t $e &)he(ue(on on/>te+- &u&%en&#on&. I' the &tu(ent #& (en#e( tten(n)e,

th#& ')t &h $e &tte( on the +e)o--en(t#on.B

7. I' the %+#n)#% (en#e& the &tu(ent tten(n)e +#/ht& %en(#n/ he+#n/ $y the Su%e+#nten(ent, the %+#n)#% &h -e e!e+y

e''o+t to )ont)t the &tu(ent9& %+ent& o+ /u+(#n& $y tee%hone, #'

%o&&#$e, not#'y#n/ the- o' the #-%en(#n/ &u&%en&#on n( tht the

&tu(ent *# $e o+ h& $een +e-o!e( '+o- )&& n( e%t un(e+ &u%e+!#&#on unt# the )o&e o' the &)hoo (y o+ the ++#! o' the

%+ent o+ /u+(#n. I' the %+ent o+ &)hoo &o +eue&t&, the &tu(ent

*# $e /+nte( n e+y (#&-#&& '+o- &)hoo to +etu+n ho-e.2. Se+#ou& (#&+u%t#on& -y )u&e the &tu(ent to $e +e-o!e( '+o- the

%+e-#&e& #--e(#tey #n the )u&to(y o' h#& %+ent&, ne"t o' #n, o+

%o#)e.

8. O''#)# not#'#)t#on o' &u&%en&#on &h $e -(e to the %+ento+ /u+(#n no te+ thn t*o 6B (y& 'oo*#n/ the #n)#(ent

*#th )o%#e& to %%+o%+#te &)hoo o''#)#&.

S*s$e!si! Heari!gs

4. The &)hoo &h not#'y the %+ent& o+ /u+(#n o' the &u&%en&#onhe+#n/ (te n( the )t#on to $e ten #' the %+ent #& not %+e&ent.

The he+#n/ *# te %)e not te+ thn '#!e 8B &)hoo (y& 'te+

6!



the #n)#(ent.

6. I' &u&%en&#on %+o)ee(#n/& +e )on(u)te( *#thout the %+e&en)e o'

%+ent, *+#tten not#'#)t#on o' the )t#on& *# $e &ent $y )e+t#'#e(-# to the %+ent not te+ thn th+ee 7B &)hoo (y& 'te+ the

he+#n/.7. P+ent& *#&h#n/ &o-eone e&e to +e%+e&ent &tu(ent -u&t not#'y

the Su%e+#nten(ent #n *+#t#n/ t*enty>'ou+ 62B hou+& $e'o+e thehe+#n/.

2. Unt# the -tte+ #& +e!#e*e( $y the Su%e+#nten(ent, the &tu(ent *#

$e (en#e( tten(n)e %+#!#e/e&.8. The %+ent o+ /u+(#n -y %%e the &u&%en&#on to the S)hoo

3o+( *#th#n '#!e 8B &)hoo (y& 'te+ +e)e#!#n/ not#'#)t#on $y

)e+t#'#e( -#. In &o %%e#n/, the %+ent &h en)o&e )o%y o' the %+#n)#%9& +e)o--en(t#on 'o+ on/>te+- &u&%en&#on n( the

Su%e+#nten(ent9& not#'#)t#on 'te+ the he+#n/. The S)hoo 3o+(

*# +e!#e* the %%e n( te *hte!e+ )ou+&e o' )t#on they(ee- %%+o%+#te n( *# &o not#'y the %+ent o' the#+ (e)#&#on. In

the $&en)e o' t#-ey %%e, the (e)#&#on o' the Su%e+#nten(ent

&h $e)o-e '#n.

5. A'te+ t*o on/>te+- &u&%en&#on&, the th#+( o))u++en)e (u+#n/ the&-e &)hoo ye+ *h#)h *++nt& on/>te+- &u&%en&#on, *#

+e&ut #n (#&)#%#n+y )t#on #n ))o+(n)e *#th the e"%u&#on

%+o)e(u+e.=. U%on the &tu(ent9& +etu+n to &)hoo, the %+#n)#% &h &)he(ue

)on'e+en)e to $e tten(e( $y %%+o%+#te &)hoo %e+&onne n( $y

the &tu(ent n(, u&uy, the &tu(ent9& %+ent&B, /u+(#n&B, o+

othe+ '-#y -e-$e+. Foo*>u% )on'e+en)e& &hou( $e %nne( &#n(#)te( o+ +eu#+e( to &&#&t the &tu(ent #n (u&t#n/ to the &)hoo

en!#+on-ent.

E3$*%si! Pr"ed*res

4. A %+#n)#% &h #n#t#te %+o)ee(#n/& 'o+ n e"%u&#on *hen &tu(ent h& +e)e#!e( t*o on/>te+- &u&%en&#on& #n one &)hoo ye+,

n( the %+#n)#% h& +e&on$e )u&e to $e#e!e tht the &tu(ent

61



h& )o--#tte( th#+( o''en&e #n the &-e &)hoo ye+ *h#)h -#/ht

othe+*#&e *++nt on/>te+- &u&%en&#on.

6. A'te+ %+#n)#% h& -(e e!e+y +e&on$e e''o+t to #n!e&t#/te &%e)t& o' the (#&)#%#ne %+o$e- n( #& &t#&'#e( tht the ntu+e

n( &e+#ou&ne&& o' the o''en&e *++nt the ut#-te 'o+- o' (#&)#%#n+y )t#on, he &h +e)o--en( to the Su%e+#nten(ent tht

the &tu(ent $e e"%ee( '+o- the &)hoo &y&te-.7. The %+#n)#% &h -e e!e+y e''o+t to )ont)t the &tu(ent9&

%+ent& o+ /u+(#n& $y tee%hone, #' %o&&#$e, not#'y#n/ the- o'

the %+o%o&e( e"%u&#on n( tht the &tu(ent h& $een +e-o!e('+o- h#& )&& n( e#the+ e%t un(e+ &u%e+!#&#on unt# the )o&e o'

the &)hoo (y o+ the ++#! o' the %+ent o+ /u+(#n, o+ %)e( #n

%o#)e )u&to(y. I' the %+ent o+ &)hoo &o +eue&t&, the &tu(ent *# $e /+nte( n e+y (#&-#&& '+o- &)hoo to +etu+n to h#& ho-e.

2. The %+#n)#% *# -# +e%o+t o' the %+o%o&e e"%u&#on to the

%+ent o+ /u+(#n on the (y o' the &tu(ent9& +e-o! '+o- &)hoo,#' %o&&#$e, $ut no te+ thn the 'oo*#n/ &)hoo (y. At the &-e

t#-e the %+#n)#% &h not#'y the %+ent o+ /u+(#n o' the t#-e,

(te, n( %)e o' the he+#n/. Th#& +e%o+t *# $e &ent $y )e+t#'#e(

-#, +etu+n +e)e#%t +eue&te(.8. <he+e the Su%e+#nten(ent h& %+o)ee(e( *#th the e"%u&#on

he+#n/ *#thout the %+ent $e#n/ %+e&ent, he &h /#!e *+#tten

not#'#)t#on to the %+ent o' h#& '#n(#n/& n( )t#on ten no te+ thn th+ee 7B &)hoo (y& 'te+ the he+#n/. In &u)h not#)e the

Su%e+#nten(ent o+ h#& (e&#/nee &h #n'o+- the %+ent tht the

'#n(#n/& n( )t#on &h $e)o-e '#n $y ten 4B )en(+ (y&.

5. The he+#n/ &h $e he( & &oon & %o&&#$e $ut no te+ thne#/ht B &)hoo (y& 'te+ the &tu(ent9& +e-o! '+o- the &)hoo,

une&& te+ (te #& /+ee( u%on $y %+t#e& )on)e+ne(. In the

e!ent the %+ent *#&he& &o-eone e&e to +e%+e&ent the &tu(ent, heo+ &he -u&t &#/n &tte-ent to th#& e''e)t.

=. Pen(#n/ the he+#n/ $y the Su%e+#nten(ent, the &tu(ent &h $e

(en#e( tten(n)e %+#!#e/e&.. At the he+#n/ )on(u)te( $y the Su%e+#nten(ent o+ h#& (e&#/nee,

the +e&on )on)e+n#n/ the )u&e 'o+ the %+o%o&e( e"%u&#on #& to $e

62



%+e&ente( $y the %+#n)#% #n &u%%o+t o' h#& +e)o--en(t#on. The

&tu(ent9& %+#o+ %e+'o+-n)e n( tten(n)e -y &o $e (#&)u&&e(.

The &tu(ent -y %+e&ent e!#(en)e o+ *hte!e+ e&e #& %%+o%+#te#n h#& $eh'.

?. The &tu(ent n( h#& %+ent& +e ent#te( to +e%+e&entt#on $ynothe+ %e+&on o' the#+ )hoo&#n/, #n)u(#n/ e/ )oun&e. Su)h

+e%+e&entt#!e &h h!e the +#/ht& o' 'u %+t#)#%t#on #n thehe+#n/ & #n the on/>te+- &u&%en&#on %+o)e(u+e. S)hoo

%e+&onne +e ''o+(e( the &-e o%%o+tun#ty.

4. A'te+ he+#n/ the )&e, the Su%e+#nten(ent o+ h#& (e&#/nee &h'#n( *hethe+ the &tu(ent #& /u#ty o' the %+#n)#%9& )h+/e&. In

))o+(n)e *#th &u)h '#n(#n/&, he -y (-#n#&t+t#!ey t+n&'e+,

&u&%en(, o+ e"%e 'o+ #-#te( o+ un#-#te( t#-e, #' &o+e)o--en(e( $y the %+#n)#%. He -y othe+*#&e e-%oy othe+

e&&e+ (#&)#%#n+y -e&u+e& he (ee-& $e&t &u#te( to the )&e.

44. I' the '#n(#n/& n( (#&%o&#t#on o' the e"%u&#on he+#n/ +e -(e tthe )on)u&#on o' the he+#n/, the Su%e+#nten(ent &h #n'o+- the

%+ent& n( the &tu(ent o' h#& '#n(#n/& n( (#&%o&#t#on o' the )&e.

In ny e!ent, the Su%e+#nten(ent &h -# o+ hn( to the %+ent&

$y )e+t#'#e( -#, +etu+n +e)e#%t +eue&te(B, to the Ch#( <e'+en( Atten(n)e Se)t#on, n( to the %+#n)#%, no te+ thn th+ee 7B

&)hoo (y& 'te+ the he+#n/, *+#tten not#'#)t#on o' h#& '#n(#n/&

n( *ht )t#on *# $e ten. In the e!ent o' n (-#n#&t+t#!et+n&'e+, )o%y o' the *+#tten not#'#)t#on &h $e &ent to the

+e)e#!#n/ &)hoo.

46. In the e!ent the &tu(ent #& e"%ee(, the %+ent o+ /u+(#n o' the

e"%ee( &tu(ent -y %%e the Su%e+#nten(ent9& (e)#&#on to theS)hoo 3o+(. The %%e -u&t $e -(e *#th#n '#!e 8B &)hoo

(y& o' the Su%e+#nten(ent9& (e)#&#on n( -u&t $e +eue&te( $y

)e+t#'#e( -#.47. The %+ent o+ /u+(#n o' n e"%ee( &tu(ent -y, *#th#n ten 6B

)en(+ (y&, %%e to the (#&t+#)t )ou+t 'o+ n (!e+&e +u#n/ o'

the S)hoo 3o+( #n e"%e#n/ the &tu(ent.42. Stu(ent& *ou( $e e"%ee( 'o+ the +e-#n(e+ o' the &)hoo ye+.

Stu(ent& e"%ee( (u+#n/ the '#+&t &e-e&te+ *ho (e&#+e to +etu+n t

63



-#(>te+- -y -e +eue&t to the Su%e+#nten(ent9& o''#)e *he+e

the +eue&t *# $e e!ute(. Stu(ent& +etu+n#n/ t -#(>te+- *#

+etu+n on %+o$t#on.

Stat*s a!d Re#a.i%itati! S*s$e!ded a!d E3$e%%edSt*de!ts

Du+#n/ the %e+#o( o' &u&%en&#on, the &tu(ent *ho #& (en#e(

tten(n)e %+#!#e/e& &hou( $e e%t t ho-e (u+#n/ &)hoo hou+&. In

no )&e &hou( he $e o*e( on S)hoo 3o+( %+o%e+ty *#thout %+#o+ utho+#@t#on. P+t#)#%t#on n( %+e&en)e o' the &u&%en(e( &tu(ent t

&)hoo e"t+)u++#)u+ )t#!#t#e& #& (en#e(. The &tu(ent *ho #& o*e(

to +e-#n #n &)hoo %en(#n/ he+#n/ $y the Su%e+#nten(ent #&)on&#(e+e( to $e on %+o$t#on. A((#t#on !#ot#on o' &)hoo +ue& *#

+e&ut #n o&& o' tten(n)e %+#!#e/e& unt# the )&e #& +e&o!e( t the

he+#n/.The ne)e&&#ty to &u&%en( o+ e"%e &tu(ent u&uy #n(#)te&

tht ((#t#on &u%%o+t n( +e-e(# &e+!#)e& +e ne)e&&+y. The

%+#n)#% n( %+o'e&&#on &t'' h!e +e&%on&#$##ty to %+o!#(e %+o%e+ )oun&e#n/ n( to -e e!e+y e''o+t to he% &tu(ent& +etu+n#n/ '+o-

&u&%en&#on n( e"%u&#on to +e-#n #n &)hoo. Su&%en(e( &tu(ent& *#

not $e o*e( to -e u% *o+ 'o+ %e+#o( to t#-e &u&%en(e(.

The %+e)e(#n/ &e)t#on *& %+e&ente( #n (et# to #u&t+te theen/th to *h#)h &)hoo &y&te-& h!e /one #n t+y#n/ to )o-%y *#th

e/ +eu#+e-ent& #n the +e o' &)hoo (#&)#%#ne. Ho* t#-e& h!e

)hn/e( &#n)e the (y o' the '+eey>%%#e( “$o+( o' e(u)t#on0

A""*!ta.i%it, a!d t#e La/

The * %+o!#(e& &y&te- o' ))ount$##ty. Anyone )n +/ue

'o+ o+ /#n&t the “+e&on$ene&&0 o' /#!en *&. The e"%e)tt#on #&tht *& /#!e +e&%on&#$e %+t#e& &&u+n)e& +et#!e to the &u$e)t

o' the &%e)#'#) *. 3e)u&e * (#)tte& -ny o' ou+ (#&)#%#n+y

(e)#&#on&, #t #& &o #-%o+tnt tht *e e-%oy (#&)#%#ne &y&te- *#th %+#n)#%e& *h#)h &u%%o+t &y&te-#) ))ount$##ty. The 'o!$datio$

64



Le%els o# S!ccess n( Ad%a$ced Le%els o# S!ccess o' the BK-SLM

)on!ey e!e& *h#)h (o u&t tht.

Stu(ent& )hn/e. Te)he+& )hn/e. S)hoo e(e+&h#% )hn/e&n( nee(& )hn/e. A te)he+ o+ %+#n)#% )n (e!eo% $eh!#o+

-n/e-ent %n $&e( on the BK-SLM 'o!$datio$ Le%els o# S!ccess*h#)h +eu#+e tht e,pectatio$s m!st be reaso$able e!e oneB, clearly

comm!$icated e!e t*oB n( co$siste$tly e$#orced e!e th+eeB. Att#-e&, te)he+ -y h!e u&e( $eh!#o+ -n/e-ent %n #n the

)&&+oo- *h#)h *& h#/hy e''e)t#!e $ut no* #& #ne''e)t#!e.

The+e'o+e, #t #& #-%o+tnt tht ny %n #& +e!#&#te( #n o+(e+ to en&u+e)ont#nue( +ee!n)e n( e''e)t#!ene&&.

A))o+(#n/ to the BK-SLM Ad%a$ced Le%els o# S!ccess, #t #&

h#/hy +e)o--en(e( to h!e you+ $eh!#o+ -n/e-ent %n9& res!ltsmo$itored e!e 'ou+B, res!lts e%al!ated #or e##ecti%e$ess e!e '#!eB

n( e,pectatio$s rei$#orced or re%ised e!e &#"B. Peo%e n( nee(&

)hn/e. It #& not +e&on$e to &&u-e ou+ e"%e)tt#on& n( ho* *e)o--un#)te tho&e e"%e)tt#on& *# +e-#n e''e)t#!e *#thout

&y&te-t#)y $e#n/ +e#n'o+)e( o+ +e!#&e(. The Ad%a$ced Le%els o#

S!ccess o' the -o(e &u%%o+t& te)he+& n( %+#n)#%& #n the#+ e''o+t&

to en&u+e $eh!#o+ res!lts are mo$itored , res!lts e%al!ated #or e##ecti%e$ess, n( e,pectatio$s are rei$#orced or re%ised &o te)h#n/

n( e+n#n/ ut#-te #-%)t &tu(ent &u))e&&.

I! C!"%*si!

O$!#ou&y, the t#-e *hen te)he+ )ou( 'un)t#on & %+o&e)ut#n/ tto+ney, u(/e, u+y, n( e"e)ut#one+ #& /one. In(ee(, &u)h

te+-& & “(ue %+o)e&&0 +e %+t o' the !o)$u+y o' -ny &tu(ent&,

%+ent&, /u+(#n&, n( -ny othe+&. A (et#e( no*e(/e o' the e/&%e)t& o' &)hoo (#&)#%#ne #& not +eu#+e( o' the te)he+, e&%e)#y

&#n)e th#& +e #& un(e+/o#n/ )on&tnt )hn/e. Ho*e!e+, #t #& #-%o+tnt

'o+ the te)he+ to un(e+&tn( tht the +#/ht& o' &tu(ent& +e $e#n/

“%+ote)te(0 & ne!e+ $e'o+e. A))ount$##ty #& !#t #n the $eh!#o+ -n/e-ent %+o)e&&. Re-e-$e+ to & 'o+ he% *hen ue&t#on& +#&e

%+#o+ to t#n/ ny )t#on tht -#/ht $e ue&t#on$e o+ un*'u.

65



Su))e&&'uy #-%e-ent#n/ the BK-SLM 'o!$datio$ Le%els o# S!ccess

n( Ad%a$ced Le%els o# S!ccess *# e( to &tu(ent &u))e&& n(

%o&#t#!e +e&ut& #n -n/#n/ $eh!#o+ %+o$e-& #n &)hoo&.

66



P ART 2

SOLUTIONS T O LINGERING

SCHOOL BEHAVIOR

PROBLEMS

67



SECTION ?

T5PES O& ANTI-SOCIAL

BEHA'IORS IN SCHOOLS@W AT I S T E ROBLEM 3

A te)he+ #n '+ont#e+ )o--un#ty on)e +e-+e( tht, “I' you

)n9t )ont+o 9e-, you )n9t e+n 9e-.0 Hen)e, he &%ent -u)h o' h#&t#-e #n ee%#n/ o+(e+. O' )ou+&e, h#& -#n too *& the $#+)h +o(, o+

)o+%o+ %un#&h-ent.

Th#& te)he+9& "#o-, “I' you )n9t )ont+o the- 10 h& -u)ht+uth #n #t. The &#tut#on& )hn/e, n( ou+ %%+o)he& #n (e#n/ *#th

the- )hn/e. 3ut, un'o+tuntey, the $&#) %+o$e-& o' )&&+oo-

)ont+o %e+&#&t. ete+n te)he+& &t# &u''e+ *#th the $e/#nne+ & heJ

youn/, )on'#(ent, #(e#&t#)J/+o%e& to*+( the (e!eo%-ent o' h#&o*n &#& #n ee%#n/ o+(e+ #n )&&. Men*h#e, the !ete+n te)he+&

+e &o )o%#n/ *#th the e!e+>)hn/#n/ %+o$e-&.

Ou+ %u+%o&e he+e #& to $e !e+y $&#) n( %+)t#) #n ou+ %%+o)h to -n/#n/ $eh!#o+ #n the )&&+oo-. Ho*e!e+, 4>6>7>2>

8 %+o)e(u+e *# not *o+; the+e #& no 'o+-u. A& %o#nt o' (e%+tu+e,

et9& te $+#e' o!e+>!#e* o' the %+o$e- o' ee%#n/ o+(e+.

T#e Basi" Pr.%e+ is A!ti-S"ia% Be#air

The+e +e -ny #n(& o' $eh!#o+ tht ou+ &o)#ety (oe& not

)on(one, n( *e h!e -&&#!e !ou-e& o' *& +e'e)t#n/ th#&. The&)hoo #& -#)+o)o&- o' the &o)#ety tht &u%%o+t& #t, n( one +oe o'

the &)hoo #& to e(u)te &tu(ent& & to ))e%t$e $eh!#o+. I&n9t the#n( o' $eh!#o+ *e & te)he+& o$e)t to &o un))e%t$e out&#(e o'

&)hoo Let9& oo t 'e* o' the&e ty%e&.

'a!da%is+

A-e+#)9& &)hoo& +e &%en(#n/ -ny -##on& o' (o+& e)h

68



ye+ $e)u&e o' !n(#&-. <ht )ou( $e #n the -#n( o' %e+&on *ho

en//e& #n &hee+, %o#nte&&, %+o'#te&& (e&t+u)t#on So-e *+#te+& #n the

'#e( &%e)ute tht !n(#&- #& +e!ot /#n&t utho+#ty, n( tht the %eo%e #n!o!e( &&o)#te the &)hoo *#th utho+#ty. Othe+& &y tht

'+u&t+t#on n( '#u+e #n &)hoo t&& $u#( +e&ent-ent /#n&t &)hoo J+e&ent-ent tht #& e"%+e&&e( th+ou/h $+oen *#n(o*& n( &-&he(

'u+n#tu+e. The+e +e othe+ theo+#e&, $ut no$o(y no*& 'o+ &u+e u&t *hy&)hoo !n(#&- #& &u)h ---oth %+o$e-.

&ig#ti!g

In &o-e &ett#n/&, '#/ht#n/ #& ooe( u%on & &#-%e -tte+ o'

&e'>e"%+e&&#on. In the&e &#tut#on& & on/ & no$o(y /et& &e+#ou&yhu+t, '#/ht #& )on&#(e+e( to $e -#no+ #n'+)t#on. Yet, *hte!e+ the

&ett#n/, '#/ht#n/ #& )&&e( & n nt#>&o)# )t#!#ty n( #& to $e (et

*#th & (#&)#%#n+y %+o$e-. One !ete+n te)he+ +e)enty +e-+e(tht, & on/ & h#& &tu(ent& 'ou/ht e)h othe+, he *&n9t too (#&tu+$e(,

$ut tht -o+e n( -o+e they *nte( to '#/ht *#th h#-. It #& -tte+ o'

+e)o+( tht thou&n(& o' te)he+& +e %hy&#)y &&ute( $y &tu(ent&

e)h ye+. Th#& o$!#ou&y )nnot $e &h+u//e( o'' & -#no+ %heno-enon.

C%assr+ Disr*$ti!

The #&t he+e )ou( $e u#te on/Jth+o*#n/ )h, $oo&, e+&e+&,

&%#t$&; $e#n/ un(uy no#&y; e!en &%e#n/ out o' tu+n. The&e -y

&oun( +et#!ey -#no+, yet they /#!e -ny te)he+& /+et (e o' t+ou$e. In ')t, the&e +e the #n'+)t#on& tht “/et te)he+ (o*n0 to

/+ete+ (e/+ee thn -o&t, &#-%y $e)u&e the&e %+o$e-& +e e!e+>

%+e&ent. The&e *# /et )on&#(e+$e ttent#on #n te+ &e)t#on&.

Stea%i!g: C#eati!g: a!d Ot#ers

Th#& #&t h& no en(, &#n)e e)h e"%e+#en)e( te)he+ )ou( (( to #t.

So-e o' the&e #n)#(ent& o))u+ #n the )&&+oo- *h#e othe+& -y +#&e

6



on the %y/+oun( o+ e&e*he+e. F+euenty, e&%e)#y *#th youn/

)h#(+en, &u)h #n'+)t#on& /#!e +#&e to te)h#n/ &#tut#on #n tht the

youn/&te+& )tuy (on9t no* $out %+o%e+ty +#/ht& o' othe+&. In &u)h)&e&, te)h#n/ &hou( %+e)e(e o+ ho%e'uy +e%)e %un#&h-ent.

Noth#n/ )ou( $e -o+e &e'>(e'et#n/ thn to %un#&h )h#( 'o+ n#n'+)t#on he (oe& not )o-%+ehen(.

T#e Ga% is I!te%%ige!t Se%-C!tr%

<e &h not y#e( to the te-%tt#on to $e #(e#&t#) t th#& %o#nt. Yet the+e )n $e no (ou$t & to ou+ ut#-te /o #n tht %h&e o'

e(u)t#on *e ) (#&)#%#ne. Ou+ /o #& to %+o-ote /+o*th to*+( the

t#-e *hen ou+ &tu(ent& *# $eh!e %+o%e+y *hen they +e not $e#n/*t)he(. Th#& )n te !+#ety o' n-e&, $ut the )on)e%t #& &#-%e.

I-%e-ent#n/ the BK-SLM 'o!$datio$ Le%els o# S!ccess n(

Ad%a$ced Le%els o# S!ccess o''e+ /+ete+ o%%o+tun#t#e& to ut#-teye( to &tu(ent &u))e&&. Re)oe)t the &#" e!e& tht &tte e,pectatio$s

m!st be reaso$able n( clearly comm!$icated *h#e $e#n/

co$siste$tly e$#orced . es!lts m!st be mo$itored n( e%al!ated #or

e##ecti%e$ess. F#ny, e,pectatio$s m!st be rei$#orced or re%ised .Ut##@#n/ the BK-SLM '+-e*o+ #n ou+ )&&+oo-& n( $u#(#n/ un#t

*# &u%%o+t ou+ &tu(ent&9 $##ty to &ee the-&e!e& & )t#!e

%+t#)#%nt& *#th the %o*e+ o' &e'>(ete+-#nt#on.<hen !#e*e( #n th#& #/ht, *e &ee -n/#n/ $eh!#o+ & $e#n/

%+t o' &o)# n( e-ot#on /+o*th, #n(ee(, !#t %+t o' #t; *e &ee

te)he+& & ey /ent& #n the %+o-ot#on o' &u)h /+o*th. Th#& #& #n

)ont+&t to the e+#e+ )on)e%t o' the te)he+ & $e#n/ en(e&&yen//e( #n (o#n/ out %un#&h-ent. Pent#e& &t# h!e %)e, $ut

ho%e'uy they +e $e#n/ u&e( %+#-+#y & te)h#n/ (e!#)e&, not u&t'o+ %un#&h-ent.

In ou+ e''o+t& to %+o-ote /+o*th to*+( #nte#/ent &e'>)ont+o,

*e +e not 'un)t#on#n/ one. The #n'uen)e o' ho-e n( )o--un#ty #&

-o+ ')to+. S(y, the &)hoo o'ten te)he& !ue& n( -etho(& tht(o not %+e tho&e $e#n/ tu/ht $y the othe+ /en)#e&. Th#& )n e(

to en(e&& )on'u&#on #n the -#n( o' youn/&te+, n( th#& )on'u&#on

7!



o'ten e(& to $eh!#o+ %+o$e-&. <e & te)he+& )nnot )hn/e ho-e

)on(#t#on&, $ut #t #& o'ten he%'u #' *e no* $out the-.

0e Tae St*de!ts as T#e, Are

A -o+ ')to+ #n -n/#n/ $eh!#o+ %+o$e-& #n the)&&+oo- )on'+ont#n/ the te)he+ #& th#&: The te)he+ (#( not h!e the

o%%o+tun#ty to &ee)t h#& o+ he+ )#entee. <e te ou+ &tu(ent& *he+e

they +e, & they +e, not “*he+e *e *#&h they *e+e.0 Noth#n/ #& -o+e

'ut#e thn 'o+ the te)he+ to (y>(+e- $out the /oo( &#tut#on tht*ou( $e %o&&#$e #' 'e* &tu(ent& )ou( $e %-e( o'' on &o-eone

e&e. e+y 'e* te)he+& h!e ny #n'uen)e #n the -tte+ o' &tu(ent

&ee)t#on, &o *e h!e no )ho#)e $ut to te the- & they )o-e to u&.3ut &e'>)ont+o #& e+ne( &#, n( #n e+n#n/ *e $u#( on $&e o'

“*he+e *e +e.0 So & *e &t+t e)h ne* ye+, /@#n/ t )&& #&t&,

then t ')e&, *e +e #ey to !#e* )ho#)e )oe)t#on o' )o-%e"e&,“hn/>u%&,0 e!e& o' )h#e!e-ent, %e+&on#ty )on'#)t&, n( on n(

onJn( they +e ou+&

I! C!"%*si!

<ht #& the %+o$e- 3&#)y, the %+o$e- #& tht *e *o+ *#th

%eo%e. Peo%e +e )o-%e", )on'u&#n/, o'ten un(#&)#%#ne(. Ate)he+9& %%+o)h to (#&)#%#ne %+o$e- n( -n/#n/ $eh!#o+ #n

the )&&+oo- )n te on %o&#t#!e tone #' the te)he+ ee%& #n -#n(

tht the /o #& to he% the &tu(ent (e!eo% #nte#/ent &e'>)ont+o. Th#&))entute& te)h#n/ +the+ thn %un#&h-ent.

I-%e-ent#n/ the BK-SLM 'o!$datio$ Le%els o# S!ccess n(

Ad%a$ced Le%els o# S!ccess %+o!#(e /+ete+ o%%o+tun#t#e& to ut#-teyhe% te)he+& *o+ -o+e e''e)t#!ey *#th &tu(ent& on (#y $&#&.

Ut##@#n/ the -o(e #n ou+ )&&+oo-& n( $u#(#n/ un#t *# &u%%o+t

ou+ &tu(ent&9 $##ty to &ee the-&e!e& & )t#!e %+t#)#%nt& *#th the

%o*e+ o' &e'>(ete+-#nt#on, ut#-tey e(#n/ to &tu(ent &u))e&&.

71



SECTION

R EASONS &OR STUDENTBEHA'IOR PROBLEMS@

W DO T E A5T T AT W A 3

<e & te)he+& )nnot &et ou+&e!e& u% & utho+#t#e& #n

%&y)hoo/y o+ %&y)h#t+y. Yet, & %eo%e *ho *o+ *#th %eo%e, *enee( to $e *+e o' &o-e o' ou+ o*n u#+&, & *e & tho&e o' ou+

&tu(ent&. An o'ten>)#te( %+#n)#%e #& “ $eh!#o+ #& )u&e(.0 <hen *e

+e )on'+onte( *#th (#&)#%#n+y )+#&#&, *e +e not #ey to +e)t #nn nyt#) -nne+, oo#n/ 'o+ $&#) -ot#!t#on&. 3ut '+euenty, #'

*e *# +e)o/n#@e the t+ue ntu+e o' ou+ &tu(ent&, *e )n 'o+e&t

)+#&#&. Hen)e, *e &hou( /#!e &o-e ttent#on, #n %+)t#) +the+ thntheo+et#) *y, to the $&#) ue&t#on & to *hy ou+ &tu(ent& )t the

*y they (o.

16 T#e st*de!ts ee% a! .%igati! t tr, *t t#e tea"#er6 Inny &o)# &y&te-, %eo%e +e un&u+e & to the +e&t+#nt& un(e+ *h#)h

they +e 'un)t#on#n/ unt# they t+y the- out. Th#& #& u#te %%#)$e to

)&&+oo- &ett#n/. H!e you e!e+ not#)e( ho* /+ou% o' &tu(ent&*# $e +o*(y n( no#&y #n one te)he+9& )&& $ut *# $e u&t the

o%%o&#te #n the )&& o' nothe+ te)he+ The&e %tte+n& *e+e #ey

++#!e( t $y &#-%y te&t#n/ the &#tut#on.

6 Certai! st*de!ts are !t i!terested i! t#e +ateria% .ei!g

st*died6 It #& -o&t un#ey tht ny &tu(ent #& euy #nte+e&te( #n %h&e& o' h#& *o+. Yet %e+&on *ou( /et +the+ o%&#(e( e(u)t#on

#' he ony *o+e( on +e& o' #nte+e&t to h#-. <e & te)he+& h!e to

))e%t the &#tut#on n( *o+ *#th #t & $e&t *e )n. In &- h#/h

&)hoo, youn/ &ho% te)he+ *& h!#n/ #n(& o' $eh!#o+ %+o$e-&. U%on #n!e&t#/t#on, he e+ne( tht, $e)u&e o' the &)hoo9&

#-#te( o''e+#n/&, -ny o' h#& &tu(ent& *e+e t#n/ h#& )ou+&e &oey to

72



/et the +eu#+e( nu-$e+ o' un#t& 'o+ /+(ut#on. He *& $e to -e

&o-e &#-%e (u&t-ent& #n the )&&*o+ n( the+e$y #n)+e&e the

)ou+&e9& %%e to -o+e &tu(ent&. H#& $eh!#o+ %+o$e-& +e(u)e()o++e&%on(#n/y. You )n #-/e the %+o$e-& en)ounte+e( $y *#(e>

eye(, #(e#&t#) youn/ En/#&h te)he+ & &he t+#e( to /et )&& o' $oy& &oe #nte+e&t: $&et$B to %%+e)#te the '#ne+ %o#nt& o'

“P+(#&e Lo&t.0The o/#) ue&t#on & to th#& %+o$e- #&: <ht (o *e (o

$out #t Th#& !+#e& *#(ey ))o+(#n/ to the o) &#tut#on. 3ut '#+&t

n( !#t &te% #& to +e)o/n#@e tht the %+o$e- e"#&t&.

46 Eer,.d, !eeds re"g!iti! as a $ers!6 <#th -ny

%eo%e, the nee( 'o+ ttent#on '+o- othe+& #& -o&t %hy&#) hun/e+.An( #' th#& nee(e( ttent#on #& not %+o!#(e( & +e&ut o' )on&t+u)t#!e

e''o+t&, &o-e %eo%e *# &*#t)h to othe+ t)t#)&Jny t)t#)&J#n o+(e+

to /et ttent#on.So-et#-e& th#& nee( #& e&%e)#y %+e!ent $e)u&e o' ho-e

$)/+oun(. One '#'th /+(e $oy *ent to the o''#)e n( )o-%#ne(

tht h#& he+t *& hu+t#n/. He -(e #t &oun( !e+y &e+#ou&. A &)hoo

nu+&e )ou( '#n( no $&#& 'o+ h#& #-entJe")e%t tht he *& nu-$e+ &e!en #n '-#y o' 47 The “he+t %+o$e-0 *& -etho( o' /ett#n/

&o-e ttent#on '+o- (ut&. In nothe+ '-#y the+e *e+e t*o $+othe+&

*ho *e+e ye+ %+t #n /e. The o(e+ $oy *& “M+. E!e+yth#n/,0 nout&tn(#n/ thete, &tu(ent n( e(e+. The youn/e+ $+othe+ )ou( not

/#n ny +e)o/n#t#on on/ the&e #ne&, &#n)e he )ou( not &u))e&&'uy

)o-%ete *#th h#& $+othe+. He /ot h#& ttent#on $y $e)o-#n/ -o+

$eh!#o+ %+o$e-.Ho* )n th#& $e (et *#th #n )&&+oo- C+e &hou( $e

ten $y the te)he+ to &ee tht e!e+y &tu(ent #& %e+#o(#)y

+e)o/n#@e( 'o+ &o-eth#n/ he h& (one. At t#-e& th#& )n $e +e)hen/e

The&e )&e& h#/h#/ht the #-%o+tn)e o' the BK-SLM 'o!$datio$

Le%els o# S!ccess tht #n)u(e e,pectatio$s tht +e reaso$able, clearlycomm!$icated , n( co$siste$tly e$#orced A/#n, #' *e +e /o#n/ to

$e &u))e&&'u $eh!#o+ -n/e+&, ou+ e"%e)tt#on&

73



-u&t $e +e&on$e.

In the )&e o' the ttent#on>&ee#n/ &tu(ent, #t *ou(

!$+e&on$e to e"%e)t th#& &tu(ent to )e&e ttent#on>/ett#n/ $eh!#o+&. The+e'o+e, the te)he+ &hou( #-%e-ent o%%o+tun#t#e& 'o+

ttent#on *h#)h +e #/ne( to e+n#n/ o$e)t#!e& n( )&&+oo-no+-&. Fo+ e"-%e, o%%o+tun#t#e& &hou( $e (e!eo%e( tht *# 'ee(

the nee( 'o+ ttent#on>&ee#n/. A& )on&euen)e, the &tu(ent -y $eeu#%%e( to &e+!e & %o&#t#!e %ee+ tuto+ to othe+& (#&%y#n/

ttent#on>&ee#n/ $eh!#o+&. The+e -y $e &o-e )on)e+n $out

(#''e+ent# t+et-ent he+e; ho*e!e+, ee% #n -#n( tht '#+ne&& (oe&not *y& -en eu t+et-ent.

76 S+e $r.%e+s #ae a! a"ade+i" .ase6 <e /#!e #% &e+!#)e to the“#n(#!#(u (#''e+en)e&0 #(e. Yet *e +e &t# &ee#n/ the $e&t *y to

te)h #n(#!#(u& *h#e *o+#n/ *#th +/e /+ou%&. The+e #& the

ten(en)y to +ey he!#y on /+ou% #n&t+u)t#on, n( the te)he+ #& #eyto /e+ the e!e o' #n&t+u)t#on to the &o>)e( !e+/e &tu(ent.

Th#& %+)t#)e #n!#te& %+o$e-&, e&%e)#y '+o- t*o /+ou%&: 4B

the h#/h %e+'o+-n)e &tu(ent& *ho '#n( the-&e!e& $o+e( n(

un)hen/e( $e)u&e they +e $e#n/ “tu/ht0 &o-eth#n/ they +e(yno*; n( 6B the o* %e+'o+-n)e &tu(ent& *ho +e $e#n/ )e(

u%on to *o+ t e!e )o-%etey $eyon( the#+ %+e&ent )o-%eten)e.

The te)he+ #& (e#n/ *#th &o-e &tu(ent& *ho +e $o+e( n( *#thothe+& *ho +e '+u&t+te(. Ine!#t$y &u)h &tu(ent& *# u&e -#&)on(u)t

& -en& o' !o#)#n/ the#+ (#&&t#&')t#on *#th the &#tut#on.

An #u&t+t#on o' the '+u&t+t#on &%e)t (e&)+#$e( $o!e

h%%ene( #n 'ou+th /+(e +#th-et#) )&& +e)enty t+ue )&eB. Thete)he+ +etu+ne( (#tto *o+&heet to $oy *#th the )o--ent, “They

+e *+on/. Do the- o!e+.0 In the $&en)e o' ny #n&t+u)t#on, he

*ou( o/#)y h!e (one the- *+on/ /#n. The &tu(ent th+e* $oo )+o&& the +oo-. Cn you $-e h#-

=6 Ma!, st*de!ts are .r! "!r+ists6 The 'e+ o' $e#n/ (#''e+ent #&!e+y &t+on/ #n &o-e %eo%e. It #& &#( tht &tu(ent& t the -#((e &)hoo

e!e +e e&%e)#y -ot#!te( to*+( )on'o+-#ty. 3ut *hte!e+ the

74



/e /+ou%, the +/u-ent tht e!e+y$o(y e&e #& (o#n/ )e+t#n th#n/

)n $e !e+y %e+&u&#!e, e!en #' the )t #n ue&t#on #& no*n to $e

un(e&#+$e o+ un*'u. One /+ou% o' -#((e &)hoo /#+& *&en//e( #n &ho%#'t#n/. The #te-& ten *e+e o' #tte !ue n( o'

the /#+& )-e '+o- '#+y ''uent ho-e&. The )tu !ue o' the&toen +t#)e& *& o' no )on&euen)e. The &oe e"%nt#on *& tht

the /#+& *e+e %y#n/ 'oo* the e(e+, *#th the 'e+ o' $e#n/ )e(“)h#)en0 o!e++#(#n/ othe+ )on&#(e+t#on&.

In )&&+oo-, the /ene+ tone )n $e &u)h tht e!en the $e&t

&tu(ent& en//e #n &o+t& o' ue&t#on$e )t#!#t#e&, y#e(#n/ to the) o' )on'o+-#ty. The t& o' the te)he+ #& to )hn/e the tone $y ny

-en& tht +e !#$e.

>6 Ma!, st*de!ts .ri!g rese!t+e!ts t s"#%6 A te)he+ )n $e o!e+y

&en&#t#!e $out &tu(ent $eh!#o+. A'te+ , the &)hoo #& ony one o' the

-ny #n'uen)e& to *h#)h &tu(ent #& &u$e)te(. A hu-n #'e #& notnety )o-%+t-ent#@e(. The &tu(ent *#th *ho- *e *o+ $+#n/& to

&)hoo -ny tt#tu(e&J&o-e %o&#t#!e, &o-e ne/t#!e. The h#/h &)hoo

$oy *ho, t $+e'&t, h( -o+ +/u-ent *#th h#& %+ent& o!e+ the

u&e o' the '-#y )+ *# #ey ++#!e t &)hoo #n 'ou -oo(. Th#&+e&ut& #n ne/t#!e tt#tu(e& o+ e!en (#&+u%t#!e )t#on& t &)hoo.

Cthy, n tt+)t#!e n#nth /+(e &tu(ent, *& u&uy

)oo%e+t#!e n( )hee+'u. Ho*e!e+, on )e+t#n (y&, &he *ou( $etoty (#''e+entJ&uen, +e$e#ou&, +u(e. He+ te)he+& e+ne( tht

*hen Cthy *& *e+#n/ “tht oo,0 they *ou( not ) on he+ 'o+

nyth#n/. Th+ou/h (#&)+eet #nu#+y, the )oun&eo+ e+ne( tht Cthy9&

'the+ *& n )oho#), n( Cthy9& -oo(& )o#n)#(e( *#th h#& %e+#o(&o' he!y (+#n#n/. The "#o- tht “ $eh!#o+ #& )u&e(0 *&

!e+#'#e( #n the #'e o' Cthy.

?6 T +a!, ,*!gsters: re.e%%i! is $art gr/t#6 Te+'uy the

-othe+ o' -#((e &)hoo $oy )on'#(e( to the )oun&eo+ +e/+(#n/ the

+e$e#ou& e!en ho&t#e, tt#tu(e o' he+ &on. Pe+#o(#)y, &he +e!e+te( tohe+ '!o+#te &tte-ent, “n( he u&e( to $e &u)h &*eet $oy.0 Mny

%+ent& n( te)he+& h!e th#& &-e e"%e+#en)e & youn/&te+& %&&

75



th+ou/h (oe&)en)e. An( #' (oe&)en)e #& )on'u&#n/ to u&, th#n *ht

#t -u&t $e to the &tu(ent

The )hn/e '+o- )h#(hoo( to (uthoo( #n!o!e& &o+t& o' &t+n/e %heno-en. The #n(#''e+ent (+e&&e+ $e)o-e& o!e+y )on)e+ne(

$out %%e+n)e; the )on&)#ent#ou& &tu(ent $e)o-e& +tte>$+#n n(the (o)#e, ))e%t#n/ &tu(ent &u((eny $o&&o-& out & '-#n/ +e$e.

<e & te)he+& (e *#th th#& enou/h tht #t (oe&n9t $othe+ u& un(uy.3ut '+euenty *e h!e to he% the &tu(ent n( h#& %+ent&B th+ou/h

th#& t+y#n/ %e+#o(.

6 Let;s a"e it< s+e !eed t .e reerred t t#er age!"ies6 One youn/

te)he+ h( &#-%e (#/no&t#) &tte-ent +e/+(#n/ h#& %+o$e-

)h#(+en: “The+e9& &o-eth#n/ *+on/ *#th tht $oy o+ /#+B.0 In %e+#o( o' 'e* *ee&, he *ou( %%y th#& (e&)+#%t#on to e!e+y

&tu(ent #n h#& )&&. <hen #t $e)o-e& )&e o' “e!e+y$o(y9& out o'

&te% $ut -e,0 the t#-e h& )o-e 'o+ &o-e &e'>e"-#nt#on on the %+to' the te)he+.

In ou+ &o)#ety, *e h!e &o-e youn/&te+& *ho&e nee(& )nnot

$e -et #n the &tn(+( )&&+oo- &ett#n/. The&e &tu(ent& o$!#ou&y

nee( to $e e!ute( $y &%e)##&t, e#the+ *#th#n the &y&te- o+ th+ou/h+e'e++. O'ten the -o&t &#/n#'#)nt )ue& to %+o$e-& +e to $e 'oun(

#n the +e o' )&&+oo- )on(u)t. The te)he+ &hou( not t+y to )o%e

*#th %&y)hoo/#) o+ e-ot#on %+o$e-& tht +eu#+e the &e+!#)e& o' &%e)##&t&. It #& euy #-%o+tnt tht the te)he+ not o!e+>u&e the

+e'e++ %+o)e&&.

I! C!"%*si!

Th#& &e)t#on (e& *#th e#/ht +e&on& “*hy they )t tht *y.0

Cn you (( to the #&t Se!e+ o' the +e&on& #&te( +e o' &u)h ntu+e tht the te)he+ )n )t#!ey he% the &tu(ent & he t+#e& to )o%e.

Othe+& +e -o&t toty 'o+e#/n to the *o+( o' the te)he+. P+o$$y,

the )ont+#$ut#on& o' the te)he+ #n the&e +e& +e to $e 4B #n'o+-e(,

6B /oo( #&tene+, n( 7 0 -#nt#n e,pectatio$s tht m!st bereaso$able e!e oneB, clearly comm!$icated e!e t*oB, n(

co$siste$tly e$#orced e!e th+eeB.

76



SECTION

HO0 TEACHERS CAN A'OID

CONTRIBUTING TO BEHA'IOR PROBLEMS IN SCHOOLS@

5 O6LD I B E ART O# T E ROBLEM 3

Se'>e!ut#on )n $e %#n'u %+o)e&&. <hen %+o$e-+#&e& #n!o!#n/ te)he+ n( %u%#, the te)he+ *# o'ten %)e tot

$-e on the &tu(ent. <ht #& the &tu(ent #ey to $e th#n#n/ A

&)hoo (-#n#&t+to+ +e-+e( tht -ny o' the )&&+oo--n/e-ent %+o$e-& +e'e++e( to h#- *e+e )tuy te)he+

/ene+te(. <ou( you /+ee Anothe+ %+#n)#% &y& tht he )n

*y& te *hen M#&& #& not 'ee#n/ *e; &he ee%& %+(e o'

&tu(ent& %&&#n/ th+ou/h h#& o''#)e.One te)he+ (e&)+#$e( he+ %%+o)h to -n/#n/ $eh!#o+ #n

the )&&+ooth#& *y: “<hen I %o#nt one '#n/e+ t -y )&&, I -

%o#nt#n/ th+ee '#n/e+& t -y&e'.0 Th#& #& not to #-%y tht the te)he+ #& *y& #n the *+on/. Rthe+, #t -en& tht the+e -y $e (#''e+ent

*y& o' (o#n/ th#n/&J*y& tht -#/ht *o+ $ette+. In one )&&+oo-,

the %en)# &h+%ene+ *& o)te( #n &u)h *y tht &tu(ent& *#t#n/ tou&e #t o'ten /ot #nto &ho!#n/, e$o*#n/ en)ounte+&. In&te( o'

%un#&h#n/ the &tu(ent&, the te)he+ ooe( the &#tut#on o!e+

o$e)t#!ey, n( then -o!e( the %en)# &h+%ene+ to $ette+ o)t#on.The %+o$e-& )e+e( u% #--e(#tey.

<#th#n the /ene+ )onte"t o' te)he+ &e'>e!ut#on, the'oo*#n/ #&t o' &u//e&t#on& #& %+e&ente(. So-e o' the&e -#/ht

o/#)y %%e+ #n the ne"t )h%te+. Ho*e!e+, o' the- (e to &o-e(e/+ee *#th the te)he+ & %e+&on, hen)e +e #n)u(e( he+e.

16 Be rga!i8ed6 The o%e+t#on o' )&&+oo- #& t& #n en/#nee+#n/. Aey )on)e%t #n &-ooth o%e+t#on #& o+/n#@t#on. Fo+ e"-%e, the

te)he+ *ho te& n #no+(#nte -ount o' t#-e t+y#n/ to '#n( th#n/&

&he “%ut *y ye&te+(y0 #& &#n/ 'o+ $eh!#o+ %+o$e-&.

77



Hou&eee%#n/ -tte+& &hou( $e +out#n#@e( &o tht the %+#-e ttent#on

o' te)he+ n( &tu(ent )n 'o)u& on the te)h#n/>e+n#n/ %+o)e&&.

6 Be dei!ite6 A&&#/n-ent& &hou( $e &%ee( out &o tht &tu(ent& no*

*ht they +e to (o. The -ount o' /u#(n)e +eu#+e( !+#e& *#th the/e n( -tu+#ty o' the &tu(ent&. Any e!#(en)e& o' #n(e)#&#on )n

&e+!e & the %o#nt o' ent+y 'o+ -#&$eh!#o+. Let9& oo t th+ee (#''e+ent&&#/n-ent&. “An( no* you -y +e!#e* 'o+ *h#e.0 “I th#n you

nee( to +e!#e* the -te+# on /& * %+o$e-&, &o you -y *o+ on

th#& 'o+ *h#e.0 “Du+#n/ the ne"t ten -#nute& &ee ho* -ny o' the/& * %+o$e-& you )n )o-%ete. They +e 'oun( on %/e 45 #n

you+ $oo.0 Any e"%e+#en)e( te)he+ *# &ee the /+(t#on #n th#&

&euen)e. The '#+&t one #& n o%en #n!#tt#on to “/oo' o'',0 *#thtten(nt %+o$e-&. The &e)on( #& -o+e (e'#n#te, *h#e the &t #& e!en

-o+e &o. Stu(ent +e&%on&e *ou( #ey $e -o+e %o&#t#!e #n the th#+(

&&#/n-ent.Kee% #n -#n( tht ou+ e"%e+#en)e, %e+&%e)t#!e, n( !ue&

#n'uen)e *ht *e %e+)e#!e & )e+. <e nee( to th#n #n te+-& o' the

'#te+& o' ho* *e %e+)e#!e &#tut#on&. I' *e +e /o#n/ to $e “(e'#n#te0

#n ou+ #n&t+u)t#on&, *e nee( to th#n #n te+-& o' the '#te+& th+ou/h*h#)h ou+ &tu(ent& +e)e#!e ou+ -e&&/e& n( e"%e)tt#on&. Ou+

e,pectatio$s m!st be reaso$able e!e oneB, clearly comm!$icated

e!e t*oB, n( co$siste$tly e$#orced e!e th+eeB. I' *e (o not)e+y )o--un#)te ou+ e"%e)tt#on& 'o+ +ue& n( %+o)e&&e&, *e +un

the +#& o' )u&#n/ n( e!en )ont+#$ut#n/ to &tu(ent )on'u&#on n(

the#+ #n$##ty to )o-%y *#th ou+ e"%e)tt#on&.

46 Be !at*ra%6 E!en &- )h#( )n (ete)t #n&#n)e+#tyJn( +e&ent #t

The &to+y #& to( o' the youn/ te)he+ *ho h( he+ )&& on '#e( t+#%

'o+ ntu+e &tu(y. She %tte( t+ee o!#n/y n( /u&he(. “Oh, you (e+ o( o, ho* I o!e you0 A the &tu(ent& ne* tht #t *& -%e

t+ee. Anothe+ te)he+ *ent #nto e)&t&#e& $e)u&e oey h( *o+e(

%+o$e- #n +#th-et#). Then oey9& ne#/h$o+ %o#nte( out tht then&*e+ *& #n)o++e)t. Su)h o!e+>(one #n)#(ent& -e the te)he+ oo

&#y.

78



Mo&t &tu(ent& ))e%t te)he+& 'o+ *ht they +e, $ut the

%+o)e&& o' (e!eo%#n/ 'un)t#on +et#on&h#% *#th &tu(ent& #& /+ety

&#-%#'#e( #' *e (on9t t+y to $e &o-eth#n/ *e +en9t. <e (e *#tho$&e+!nt %eo%e, n( ny tte-%t to 'oo the- u&uy )+ete&

%+o$e-&.

76 A"t ,*r age6 Stu(ent& (o not oo u%on you & $u((y, % o+ %ee+.They e"%e)t you to $e -tu+e (ut. They &&u-e tht the+e *# $e

/ene+t#on /%. Mny youn/ te)he+& h!e ten(en)y to &ee

%o%u+#ty, n( #n the#+ e''o+t& on/ th#& #ne, they +e&o+t to t)t#)& tht)n )+ete en(e&& %+o$e-&. <h#e #t #& t+ue tht the +e /e &%+e(

$et*een the te)he+ n( &o-e o' the &tu(ent& -y $e +et#!ey &-,

t*o (#''e+ent e!e& o' -tu+#ty +e +e%+e&ente(. One youn/ (y, u&tout o' )oe/e, &u//e&te( tht he+ &en#o+ h#/h &tu(ent& ) he+ $y he+

'#+&t n-e. A-o&t #--e(#tey %+o$e-& $e/n to )+o% u%. The

te)he+>%u%# +et#on&h#% #& not %ee+ +et#on&h#%.

=6 Be "!siste!t a!d air6 Stu(ent& +e )on'u&e( *hen te)he+ ))e%t&

)e+t#n ty%e o' $eh!#o+ to(y $ut '+e& u% o!e+ the &-e $eh!#o+

to-o++o*. The te)he+ *ho )n $e )on&#&tent #n (y to (y+et#on&h#%& *#th &tu(ent& #& t (e'#n#te (!nt/e. The te)he+ -u&t

$e )e+t#n e,pectatio$s are co$siste$tly e$#orced e!e th+eeB, res!lts

mo$itored e!e 'ou+B, res!lts e%al!ated #or e##ecti%e$ess e!e '#!eB,n( e,pectatio$s rei$#orced or re%ised e!e &#"B.

Noth#n/ +ou&e& &tu(ent +e&ent-ent -o+e thn 'o+ te)he+ to

h!e %et&. H#&to+#)y, the te+- “te)he+9& %et0 h& h( &t#/-

tt)he(, n( th#& #& &t# t+ue. <e & te)he+& +e -o&t un#ey to(e#$e+tey h!e %et&, $ut &o-et#-e& %tte+n o' %+e'e+ent#

t+et-ent 'o+ )e+t#n %eo%e )n )+ee% #n. Fo+ e"-%e, #n /#!#n/

/+(e&, *e h!e t*o &tu(ent& *ho&e )&& *o+ #& $out the &-e. One#& )en, )oo%e+t#!e n( %e&nt; the othe+ (#&%y& toty o%%o&#te

t+#t&. <ou(n9t #t $e e&y to “-e n e++o+ #n +#th-et#)0 #n '!o+ o'

the 'o+-e+So-e te)he+& +e%o+t tht )on&#&ten)y n( '#+ne&& +e (ou$y

#-%o+tnt #n )&&+oo- *he+e t*o o+ -o+e ethn#) /+ou%& +e

7



+e%+e&ente(. Une&& he #& !e+y )+e'u, the te)he+ -y $e ))u&e( o'

'!o+#t#&- to*+( h#& o*n ethn#) /+ou%. <hen th#& h%%en&, $eh!#o+

%+o$e-& +e #ey to )ont#nue.

>6 Dee%$ a t#i" si!6 The )&&+oo- )n $e )h-$e+ o' ho++o+& 'o+ te)he+ *ho #& e")e&&#!ey &en&#t#!e. Mny &tu(ent& )o-e '+o- n

en!#+on-ent *he+e $unt, (#+e)t o+ e!en )+u(e &%ee)h #& the no+-, n(ny &tu(ent )n, on o))&#on, %+o!#(e n o%%o+tun#ty 'o+ the te)he+ to

/et h#& o+ he+ 'ee#n/& hu+t. I' the te)he+ #& #n)#ne( to (o &o, he o+ &he

)n #!e #n %e+%etu &tte o' %out, &e'>%#ty n( n/e+.Un'o+tuntey, &o-e te)he+& +out#ney %%y (ut &tn(+(&

to &tu(ent )on(u)t. Su)h &tn(+(& +e )u#+e( & %+t o' /+o*th

%+o)e&&. In '#+&t /+(e, $oy *& te#n/ $out &ee#n/ (o/ +un #n'+ont o' )+. A& he %ut #t, the )+e “no)e( the he out o' the

/o((- (o/.0 The te)he+, 'te+ the #n#t# &ho), -(e th#& te)h#n/

&#tut#on +the+ thn (#&)#%#n+y )&e.Anothe+ %%#)t#on o' the #(e e"%+e&&e( $o!e #e& #n the

ue&t#on: <ht &h I &ee o+ not &ee <ht &h I he+ o+ not he+

Mny t#-e&, (#-#n#&he( %e+)e%t#on #& the $e&t &t+te/y. A youn/ -n

*& *o+#n/ & )oun&eo+ t +/e #nne+>)#ty h#/h &)hoo. He 'oun(tht, *hen he *ou( * %&t /+ou% o' &tu(ent& #n the )o++#(o+,

the+e *ou( '+euenty $e +e-+ -(e $out h#- $ut not to h#-B

tht )ou( h!e e( to (#&)#%#n+y &#tut#on. 3ut he (e!eo%e( the$##ty to #/no+e the&e +e-+&: out*+(y, he (#(n9t he+ the-. A'te+

%e+#o( o' t#-e, the +e-+& *e+e no on/e+ -(e, &#n)e they h( not

&e+!e( the #nten(e( %u+%o&e.

?6 Aid arg*+e!ts6 A te)he+ *ho #& '#+- n( '#+ (oe& not -o!e #n on

&#tut#on unt# the +#/ht t#-e, n( th#& $&#)y -en& tht th#&

te)he+ no*& *ht #& h%%en#n/. Un(e+ the&e )#+)u-&tn)e&, #t &e+!e&no )on&t+u)t#!e %u+%o&e 'o+ the te)he+ to en//e #n %+oon/e(

+/u-ent *#th one o+ -o+e &tu(ent&. Let u& e"-#ne t*o *y& to

hn(e )o--on &#tut#on. Te)he+ A &u&%e)t& tht, on te&t, Pu #&t+y#n/ to )o%y o'' 3#y9& %%e+. Te)he+ A o$&e+!e& )o&ey, $e)o-e&

)on!#n)e( tht he+ &u&%#)#on& +e t+ue, n( uno$t+u&#!ey -o!e& Pu

8!



to (#''e+ent &et. Noth#n/ #& &#(, n( the othe+ &tu(ent& (o not e!en

o$&e+!e tht Pu h& -o!e(. Te)he+ 3, ')#n/ the &-e &#tut#on, #+&

he+ &u&%#)#on& to the )&&, en//e& #n en/thy +/u-ent *#th Pu+e/+(#n/ h#& )on(u)t, n( then &en(& h#- to the %+#n)#%9& o''#)e 'o+

#n&u$o+(#nt#on. The -e+#t& o' Te)he+ A9& -etho(& +e o$!#ou&.

6 Aid te+$er its6 One -+ o' e-ot#on -tu+#ty on the %+t o' te)he+ #& tht he o+ &he (oe& not y#e( to the te-%tt#on to $e)o-e

n/+y, ye, n( e&%e)#y to )+y. Any e"%e+#en)e( te)he+ h& (et

*#th youn/&te+& *ho &%e)##@e( #n t+y#n/ to %+o(u)e &o-e &u)h+e)t#on on the %+t o' the te)he+. <ht /+ete+ &t#&')t#on )ou( one

/#!e &u)h &tu(ent thn to “%y the /-e h#& *y0

M#&& E *& $e/#nn#n/ te)he+ o' h#/h &)hoo En/#&h. She*& youn/, &o-e*ht n!e, n( $#t o' “)utu+e nut.0 T*o &en#o+

$oy& h( *y o' en//#n/ #n )on!e+&t#on $out the %oe- un(e+

&tu(y, n( the#+ +e-+& &e(o- +e'e)te( )+e(#t on e#the+ the %oe- o+ the %oet. M#&& E )on&t+ue( the&e +e-+& & +e'e)t#on on he+

te)h#n/ e")ty *ht the $oy& #nten(e( he+ to (oB n( '+euenty

$u+&t #nto te+& o' '+u&t+t#on. She &te( one &e-e&te+. He+

+e%)e-ent, -u)h -o+e &t$e %e+&on, t+ete( the &#tut#on & oe, n( #n &ho+t o+(e+, th#& #& *ht #t h( $e)o-e. <hen the

)hen/e to /o( M#&& E to te+& (#&%%e+e(, the 'un *& /one.

In)#(enty, the ue&t#on & to *hy &tu(ent& *# )t #n the *y u&t (e&)+#$e( #& (#''#)ut one. The+e +e *y& &o-e *ho *# )t

th#& *y, n( the &u))e&&'u te)he+ e+n& to *o+ *#th the-. The

&y&te- tht *# *o+ $e&t h& to e!o!e, $ut the &y&te- tht #& e&t

e''e)t#!e #& un(ou$te(y tht o' %#t)h#n/ te-%e+ tnt+u- o+ $u+&t#n/#nto te+&.

6 Dee%$ a set a%*es6 A !ete+n te)he+ +e)enty +e-+e( tht oneo' h#& -o&t #-%o+tnt e&&on& h( $een tht o' e+n#n/ *ht #&

#-%o+tnt. So-e te)he+& '#n( the-&e!e& t#n/ n #n'e"#$e &tn( on

#&&ue& tht +e o' -#no+ #-%o+tn)e, n( th#& #& -o&t un#ey to %+o-ote /oo( e+n#n/ en!#+on-ent. A )&e #n %o#nt #& M#&& +e/,

!ete+n te)he+. <hen the '( o' $oy& *e+#n/ on/ h#+ )-e on the

81



&)ene, M#&& +e/ “*ent #n o+$#t.0 The &)hoo $o+( &et %o#)y

+e/+(#n/ h#+ en/th n( utho+#@e( the %+#n)#% to en'o+)e the

%o#)y. M#&& +e/ $#they #/no+e( th#& n( &et he+ o*n %o#)y, *#thhe+&e' & %+#-e en'o+)e+. She *& #n n unten$e %o&#t#on $ut +e'u&e(

to ))e%t the +e#t#e& o' the &#tut#on. Innu-e+$e %+o$e-& en&ue(J &o -ny tht M#&& +e/ +et#+e( e+y $e)u&e o' th#& %+o$e-, *h#)h

+ey *& not he+ %+o$e- t .Mny -the-t#)& te)he+& '#n( #t ne)e&&+y to +e-#n(

&tu(ent& to $+#n/ %en)#& to )&&, &#n)e &et *o+ #& !e+y #-%o+tnt.

3ut M+. *ent &te% $eyon( +e-#n(#n/; he #&&ue( n e(#)t to thee''e)t tht ny &tu(ent *ho '#e( to $+#n/ %en)# *ou( $e

#--e(#tey &ent to the o''#)e & (#&)#%#ne )&e. Cn you #-/#ne

*ht h%%ene( The &tu(ent& +o&e to the o))&#on. So-e (y& not &#n/e &tu(ent $+ou/ht %en)#, *#th %n(e-on#u- the en( %+o(u)t.

The %+#n)#% h( to #nte+!ene n( &t+#/hten out the &#tut#on.

O$!#ou&y, M+. h( &u))ee(e( #n -#n/ $#/ #&&ue out o' -#no+ one.

10. D !t t#reate!6 In *e>o+/n#@e( )&&+oo-, &tu(ent& no* the

&tn(+(& o' )on(u)t they +e e"%e)te( to -#nt#n. /,pectatio$s m!st be reaso$able e!e oneB, clearly comm!$icated e!e t*oB, res!lts

e%al!ated #or e##ecti%e$ess e!e '#!eB, n( e,pectatio$s rei$#orced or

re%ised e!e &#"B. <hen th#& &#tut#on %+e!#&, the+e #& no %o#nt #nthe te)he+9& h+%#n/ on the &*#'t n( te++#$e %un#&h-ent tht *#t&

the t+n&/+e&&o+. A te)he+& t one t#-e o+ nothe+ h!e to te &o-e

&o+t o' (#&)#%#n+y )t#on. P+o!#(e( the &tu(ent #& )e+ & to the ntu+e

o' h#& #n'+)t#on, the+e #& no %o#nt #n -#n/ th+et&. I' the &tn(+( #&o' &u)h ntu+e tht !#ot#on (e&e+!e& %un#&h-ent, then the te)he+

&hou( %un#&h. The+e #& noth#n/ to $e /#ne( $y n e"ten(e( e)tu+e &

to *ht the te)he+ #& /o#n/ to (o *hen the ne"t !#ot#on o))u+&.

116 Aid #*+i%iati!g t#e $*$i% i $ssi.%e6 I' *e !#e* ou+ /o &

#nte#/ent &e'>)ont+o on the %+t o' the &tu(ent, then #t'oo*& tht (#&)#%#ne #& n #nte/+ %+t o' the te)h#n/>e+n#n/

%+o)e&&. A)t#on& o+ +e-+& tht ten( to hu-##te &tu(ent (o not

82



%+o-ote e+n#n/, *hethe+ they o))u+ #n the +e o' -the-t#)&,

&)#en)e, o+ &e'>)ont+o.

In the )o-%e" '#e( o' hu-n #nte+)t#on, out)o-e& +e(#''#)ut to %+e(#)t. One te)he+ -#/ht )o--ent on &tu(ent9& tt#+e #n

&u)h *y & to -u&e the &tu(ent n( h#& %ee+&. Anothe+ te)he+ -#/ht &y e&&ent#y the &-e *o+(& $ut e!oe +e&%on&e o'

+e&ent-ent n( hu-##t#on. The tte+ te)he+ *ou( h!e $een #n $ette+ %o&#t#on h( he o+ &he +e'+#ne( '+o- -#n/ &u)h +e-+& unt#

*o+#n/ +et#on&h#% h( $een e&t$#&he(.

A te)he+ )n u&e te+-& +et#!e to the &)hoo *o+, %e+&onh$#t& o+ e!en the ethn#) $)/+oun( o' &tu(ent& #n &u)h *y & to

%+o(u)e !#oent +e)t#on, to the )o-%ete &u+%+#&e o' the te)he+. Th#&

)n h%%en $e)u&e )e+t#n *o+(& -en (#''e+ent th#n/& to (#''e+ent %eo%e. A te)he+ #n n #nne+>)#ty ee-ent+y &)hoo 'oun( tht )e+t#n

e"%+e&&#on&, u#te ))e%t$e to he+, h( #n&ut#n/ )onnott#on& to

&o-e &tu(ent&. Th#n o' the (#&)#%#ne %+o$e-& #n -n/#n/ $eh!#o+ #n the )&&+ooth#& &#tut#on )ou( h!e /ene+te(

16 Gie st*de!ts res$!si.i%it, i t#e, "a! #a!d%e it6 The e"tent to

*h#)h th#& )n $e (one !+#e& *#(ey. The &&u-%t#on o' +e&%on&#$##tyon the %+t o' the &tu(ent #& /+o*th %+o)e&& n( &hou( $e

en)ou+/e(.

One te)he+ t the o*e+ ee-ent+y e!e h& he+ )&& ee)to''#)e& %e+#o(#)y. Then, *o+#n/ *#th n( th+ou/h the o''#)e+&, the

te)he+ #& $e to h!e the &tu(ent& te o!e+ &u)h t&& & ee%#n/ the

$oo& #n o+(e+ o+ )he)#n/ out %y/+oun( eu#%-ent. One &%e)#

-e+#t tht &he &ee& #n th#& %n #& tht #t +e(u)e& the #-%+e&&#on o' “-e!e+&u& the-.0

A &e)on(+y te)he+ ++n/e( tht -e-$e+& o' h#& ho$$y )u$

)ou( *o+ on )u$ %+oe)t (u+#n/ the#+ '+ee t#-e. The $oy& h( '#/ht #n the )u$ +oo-. The te)he+ tu+ne( #t o!e+ to the )u$ -e-$e+&

to (e)#(e the %un#&h-ent tht *ou( $e %%#e(. They not ony -(e

the (e)#&#on & to *ht &hou( $e (one; they en'o+)e( the#+ (e)#&#on e,pectatio$s co$siste$tly e$#orced e!e th+eeB.

83



A te)he+ -y en)ounte+ (#&%%o#nt-ent& #' he t+#e& the

%%+o)he& (e&)+#$e( $o!e. Ho*e!e+, &o-e te)he+& &ee- to $e $e

to /et n e")eent +e&%on&e u&#n/ th#& &y&te-.

146 D !t r*s# t gie a.s%*ti!6 A))o+(#n/ to the &t#-uu&>+e&%on&e#(e& o' t+#n#n/, +e*+(& o+ %un#&h-ent& &hou( 'oo* #--e(#tey

'te+ the )t #n!o!e(. Ho*e!e+, th#& #& not ne)e&&+#y t+ue #n-n/#n/ $eh!#o+ #n the )&&+oo- +e. I' the )y)e o' #n'+)t#on>

u(/-ent>%un#&h-ent -o!e& +%#(y, the o''en(e+ )n )o-e out o' #t

'ee#n/ tht he no* h& “)en &te.0 Mny te)he+& '#n( #t $e&t to-o!e +the+ &o*y #n the %+o)e&& u&t (e&)+#$e(. A )&e tht #& #n the

%en(#n/ )te/o+y )n /#!e +#&e to /+et (e o' #nt+o&%e)t#on n( &e'>

e"-#nt#on.A )e+t#n -#((e &)hoo %+#n)#% -e& #t %+)t#)e ne!e+ to

&ette -o+ $eh!#o+ %+o$e- on the (y #t +#&e&. One +e&on #& the

(n/e+ tht he -#/ht +e)t *#th un(ue e-ot#on. Anothe+ #& tht o'ten'te+ )oo#n/>o'' %e+#o(, the tt#tu(e o' the o''en(e+ *# h!e

)hn/e( '+o- ho&t##ty to &o-e (e/+ee o' )oo%e+t#!ene&&.

I! C!"%*si!

Do te)he+& )u&e (#&)#%#ne %+o$e-& Ye&, #t )n h%%en. It

+e&onte& $ette+ #' *e &tte #t #n %o&#t#!e &en&e. Su%e+#o+ te)he+& %e+#o(#)y e!ute the#+ o*n %+)t#)e& #n te+-& o' the e''e)t on )&&

$eh!#o+. An #-%o+tnt /u#(e#ne #& to -e )e+t#n to 'uy #-%e-ent

the BK-SLM : /,pectatio$s m!st be reaso$able e!e oneB, clearly

comm!$icated e!e t*oB, n( co$siste$tly e$#orced e!e th+eeB. Theres!lts -u&t $e mo$itored e!e 'ou+B n( e%al!ated #or e##ecti%e$ess

e!e '#!eB. L&ty, e,pectatio$s -u&t $e rei$#orced or re%ised e!e&#"B. A*y& !o#( te)he+>!e+&u&>)&& t-o&%he+e.

SECTION 1

84



I& 5OU CAN;T CONTROL ;EM:

5OU CAN;T LEARN ;EM6

W AT 5 AN B E DONE 3

So-e o' the %o#nt& )on&#(e+e( he+e -#/ht u&t & *e $e

%)e( #n one o' the e+#e+ )h%te+&. A&o, the+e *# #ey $e &o-eo!e+% $et*een &u//e&t#on& #n th#& &e)t#on n( &o-e tht h!e +e(y

$een (#&)u&&e(. <he+e th#& o))u+&, #t #& 'o+ the %u+%o&e o' %+o!#(#n/

%+o%e+ e-%h&#& on %o#nt& o' &%e)# #-%o+tn)e. Re%et#t#on #& the-+ o' /oo( te)h#n/.

16 K!/ t#e %a/ as it a$$%ies t dis"i$%i!ar, +atters6 S#n)e e(u)t#on

#& %+#-+#y 'un)t#on o' &tte n( o) /o!e+n-ent, the *& un(e+ *h#)h &)hoo& o%e+te +e -o&ty &tte n( o) *&. A& +e&ut,

the+e #& *#(e !+#t#on '+o- one &tte to nothe+. A &e)on(+y te)he+ h( *o+e( 'o+ nu-$e+ o' ye+& #n &tte *h#)h %e+-#tte( te)he+ to u&e %hy&#) %un#&h-ent. He -o!e( to nothe+ &tte #n *h#)h

*h#%%#n/ *& not e/. He &t+te( -#n/ '+ee u&e o' h#& $et ony to

'#n( h#-&e' )u/ht u% #n -o+ e/ $tte.The *& (o not !+y u&t #n te+-& o' *ht the te)he+ )n (o;

the+e #& *#(e !+#$##ty & to *ht the &tu(ent& )n (o. So-e &tte

*& &%e out #n )on&#(e+$e (et# )o(e o' &tu(ent )on(u)t, *h#e

#n othe+ &tte&, !e+y /ene+ te+-& +e u&e(. In'o+-t#on $out &u)h-tte+& &hou( $e !#$e to the te)he+ '+o- the %+#n)#% & *e &

'+o- othe+ &ou+)e&.

6 K!/ t#e %"a% "*st+s a!d "!diti!s regardi!g dis"i$%i!e6 The

*& u&t /#!e %+t o' the &to+y. Lo) )u&to-& )n $e !e+y #-%o+tnt.

T*o +/e h#/h &)hoo& +e %+t o' the &-e &y&te-, n( the+e'o+eo%e+te un(e+ the &-e &tte n( o) +e/ut#on&. In one &)hoo

)o+%o+ %un#&h-ent #& 'o+$#((en, *h#e #n the othe+ the %+#n)#%

-e& '+euent u&e o' *ht he )& “the $o+( o' e(u)t#on.0 Th#&(#''e+en)e #n %%+o)h #& &t+#)ty -tte+ o' o) )u&to-. Kno*e(/e

$out #t #& e&&ent# to the te)he+& #n!o!e(.

85



Lo) )on(#t#on& &o )n ''e)t (#&)#%#n+y -e&u+e&. A ne*

te)he+ to( t*o -#((e &)hoo &tu(ent& tht $e)u&e o' -#&$eh!#o+,

they *ou( h!e to &ty 'o+ th#+ty -#nute& 'te+ &)hoo. He (#( not+e#@e tht $oth $oy& +o(e &)hoo $u& n( tht they #!e( -o+e thn

ten -#e& '+o- the &)hoo. H#& e''o+t to (-#n#&te+ %un#&h-ent *& &oun+e#&t#) & to -e h#- oo u#te 'oo#&h.

46 Kee$ a! e,e ! seati!g arra!ge+e!ts6 So-et#-e& &tu(ent& ''e)t

e)h othe+ #n *y& tht (e'y )o-%+ehen&#on. T*o &tu(ent& -y $e

%e+'e)ty *e $eh!e( *hen %+t $ut )+ete %+o$e-& *hen they +e&ete( to/ethe+. The o/#) &out#on #& to ee% the- %+t.

In -ny ee-ent+y )&&+oo-&, the+e #& /+et (e o'

-o!e-ent, /+ou% *o+ n( )on&tnt +e++n/e-ent o' 'u+n#tu+e.A/#n, #t #& #-%o+tnt tht tho&e &tu(ent& *ho )ty@e e)h othe+ #n

un(e&#+$e )on(u)t $e e%t &e%+te( & -u)h & %o&&#$e. H!e you

e!e+ not#)e( tht th#& &-e %heno-enon o))u+& -on/ (ut&

76 Be s*re t#at eer,!e #as s+et#i!g t d6 The %+o!e+$ “n #(e

-#n( #& the (e!#9& *o+&ho%0 #& &t# %%#)$e. Noth#n/ #n!#te&

$eh!#o+ %+o$e-& -o+e thn to h!e $o)& o' t#-e *hen noth#n/ #&e"%e)te( o' &tu(ent&.

A 'ou+th /+(e te)he+ h( *y o' *o+#n/ *#th 'e*

&tu(ent& t the $o+(. Du+#n/ th#& t#-e the othe+ &tu(ent& *e+e u&t #n&to+/eJno &&#/n-ent, noth#n/ e"%e)te( o' the-. The +e&ut *&

%n(e-on#u-. He+ &u%e+!#&o+ &u//e&te( tht the te)he+ &&#/n

-te+# 'o+ the &tu(ent& to *o+ on t the#+ &et& *h#e &he *& t the

$o+(. The *hoe t-o&%he+e )hn/e( & +e&ut o' th#& ne* %%+o)hPe+h%& the )on)e%t (e&)+#$e( $o!e nee(& $#t o' u#'y#n/.

The &tu(ent& &hou( h!e &o-eth#n/ to (o (hich they ca$ ha$dle. The

te)he+ *ho %&&e& out too (#''#)ut *o+&heet& #& -e+ey ((#n/ ne* (#-en&#on, '+u&t+t#on, to the #&t o' %+o$e-&.

Kee%#n/ &tu(ent& $u&y t &o-eth#n/ they )n (o #& %+t#)u+y

)hen/#n/ #n tht they !+y *#(ey & to %e+'o+-n)e e!e&. C+e'u %nn#n/ #& ne)e&&+y #n o+(e+ to -eet the )hen/e, $ut -ny

te)he+& -eet #t e''e)t#!ey.

86



=6 'ar, t#e a"tiities6 Mu)h )oe/e te)h#n/ -e& u&e o' the e)tu+e

-etho(. S#n)e th#& #& the %+o)e(u+e *#th *h#)h youn/ te)he+ h&h( +e)ent )ont)t, he o+ &he -#/ht $e #n)#ne( to +ey on e)tu+e, e!en

*#th youn/ )h#(+en. <#th (ut&, e)tu+e h& -ny #-#tt#on&, n(th#& #& (ou$y t+ue o' youn/e+ &tu(ent&.

<e & te)he+& h!e to ')e the +e#t#e& o' #-#te( ttent#on&%n. Any ty%e o' te)h#n/ not u&t e)tu+eB -u&t $e +e&t+#)te( t#-e>

*#&e, (e%en(#n/ on the /e o' the &tu(ent&. Ho* (o *e no* *hen #t

#& t#-e to )hn/e )t#!#t#e& The &tu(ent& te u&, th+ou/h +e&te&&ne&&,-#&$eh!#o+, eth+/y n( othe+ &u)h &y-%to-&. The o$&e+!nt te)he+

)o-e& to nt#)#%te the nee( 'o+ )hn/e n( !o#(& the %+o$e-&.

In -o&t &#tut#on&, (+&t#) )hn/e #& not +eu#+e(. A n#nth/+(e &)#en)e te)he+ h( %+)t#)e o' ho(#n/ )&& (#&)u&&#on o'

&o-e &o+t, then te+-#nt#n/ the hou+ *#th &tu(y %e+#o(. The+e *e+e

%+o$e-& '+o- t*o &ou+)e&: 4B the (#&)u&&#on %e+#o( *& too on/ n(6B the &tu(ent& )on&t+ue( the en(>o'>the>hou+ &tu(y %e+#o( & -en#n/

the te)he+ h( +un out o' &o-eth#n/ to (o. She )hn/e( the &)he(ue

to %ut the $o) o' t#-e 'o+ &tu(y +oun( the -#((e o' the %e+#o(. Th#&

/!e the e''e)t o' th+ee )t#!#t#e&, (#&)u&&#on>&tu(y>(#&)u&&#on. A&o,(u+#n/ the &tu(y $o), the &tu(ent& h( &%e)#'#) &&#/n-ent to *o+

on, not “(o to-o++o*9& ho-e*o+0 #n( o' th#n/. Th#& &#-%e

)hn/e #n &)he(ue /+ety +e(u)e( the $eh!#o+ %+o$e-& &&o)#te(*#th the e+#e+ &)he-e.

>6 T#i! $sitie%,6 The &to+y #& to( o' t*o +(#o nnoun)e+& *ho&e

*y& o' (e&)+#$#n/ %+t#)u+ (y +e'e)te( the#+ o*n %e+&onoutoo&. One &#( #t *& %+ty )ou(y *h#e the othe+ &#( #t *&

%+ty '#+. So #t #& *#th te)he+&. One oo& on ohnny9& *o+ #n te+-&

o' “ho* '+ he h& )o-e0 *h#e the othe+ th#n& o' “ho* '+ he h& to/o.0 Mny &tu(ent&, e&%e)#y tho&e o' o*e+ %e+'o+-n)e e!e&,

&e(o- he+ n en)ou+/#n/ *o+( +e/+(#n/ &)hoo *o+. I&n9t #t

o/#) tht -ny o' the- /#!e u% Th#& '+euenty e(& to $eh!#o+ %+o$e-&.

87



Th#& #& not to &y tht the te)he+ -u&t $e the t+(#t#on

Poynn ty%e o' %e+&on. 3ut #' &tu(ent #& /#!en *o+ t h#& “%o#nt

o' ent+y,0 then he #& #ey to &u))ee( *#th #t. Th#& &u))e&& &hou( $e %+o%e+y +e)o/n#@e( $y the te)he+, +e/+(e&& o' &u)h )on&#(e+t#on&

& /+(e e!e.

?6 Be a #*+a! .ei!g6 One )+#t#) h& &#( tht $e#n/ te)he+ &ee-&, #n&o-e )&e&, to %+o-ote the (e!eo%-ent o' &u%e+-n o+ *o-nB

)o-%e". Th#& )+#t#)#&- #& ho%e'uy #n!#(; yet the+e &ee-& to $e

'e+, e&%e)#y -on/ youn/ te)he+&, tht the#+ hu-n#ty -#/ht &ho*th+ou/h. A te)he+ *ho #& +et#!ey )o-'o+t$e #n te)h#n/ &#tut#on

(oe& not he&#tte to +e)t #n hu-n -nne+. Th#& #n)u(e& &u)h t+#t&

& t#n/ n #nte+e&t #n &tu(ent )t#!#t#e&, & *e & #n #n(#!#(u&tu(ent&; $e#n/ *+e o' &%e)# %+o$e-& #n the #'e o' the &tu(ent;

n( h!#n/ &en&e o' hu-o+.

The &en&e o' hu-o+ #& o' &u)h #-%o+tn)e tht #t #& *o+thy o' &%e)# ttent#on. The te)he+ *ho )n /enu#ney enoy u/h *#th

&tu(ent&, n( e&%e)#y the te)he+ *ho )n u/h t h#-&e' o+

he+&e', h& &%e)# (!nt/e #n !e+t#n/ )e+t#n ty%e& o'

(#&)#%#n+y %+o$e-&.

6 Aid gr*$ i!di"t+e!ts6 A te)he+ )n -e h#-&e' oo +#(#)uou&

#' he #& #n)#ne( to $&t 'o+th *#th $+o(&#(e o' ))u&t#on $e)u&eo' -#&)on(u)t on the %+t o' 'e* &tu(ent&. A $ette+ &t+te/y #& to

*#thho( )o--ent unt# the &ou+)e o' the %+o$e- h& $een o)#@e(,

then (e *#th the &ou+)e.

A *t)h h& $een &toen #n ho-e e)ono-#)& )&&, n()on&#(e+$e e''o+t on the %+t o' the te)he+ n( %+#n)#% h( '#e(

to o)te #t. The te)he+ #n e''e)t ))u&e( the ent#+e )&& o' the the't

n( ((e( tht no$o(y *ou( e!e he+ )&&+oo- unt# the *t)h *&+e)o!e+e(. The tte+ *& )o-%etey $eyon( he+ %o*e+ to en'o+)e n(

the $+o( ))u&t#on ony /ene+te( +e&ent-ent /#n&t the te)he+.

<hen the *t)h *& '#ny 'oun(, #t (e!eo%e( tht the th#e' *& not -e-$e+ o' the )&& t .

88



6 Tr, t +ai!tai! gd ra$$rt /it# st*de!t %eaders6 Ntu+y, *e

ho%e 'o+ /oo( +%%o+t *#th &tu(ent&. 3ut #n the +e o' ee%#n/

o+(e+, the e(e+& +e e&%e)#y #-%o+tnt. U&uy, e!en )&uo$&e+!e+ )n &%ot the e(e+& #n /+ou%. So-e &tu(ent& *# not 'oo*

&u)h e(e+& $ut -ny *# 'oo*Ju/h#n/ h#+#ou&y t thee(e+9& not>!e+y>'unny +e-+& n( #n !+#ety o' othe+ *y&. The

te)he+ *ho )n *o+ on )on&t+u)t#!e $&#& *#th the&e e(e+& h& $#/ (!nt/e.

An e(u)to+ *ho *o+& #n &)hoo 'o+ u!en#e (e#nuent&

+e)enty e"%#ne( tht he h( #tte t+ou$e & on/ & he *& )u++ent+e/+(#n/ the “%e)#n/ o+(e+0 -on/ h#& &tu(ent& n( h& the e(e+&>

o'>the>-o-ent *o+#n/ *#th h#-. H#& &%e)# %+o$e- *& tht, *#th

h#/hy -o$#e &tu(ent %o%ut#on, the e(e+&h#% +oe *& )on&tnty)hn/#n/.

16 Aid *si!g s"#% /r r $*!is#+e!t6 Mo(e+n &o)#ety, $y *n(Go+ $y )u&to-, )#+)u-&)+#$e& te)he+& & to ho* they -y %un#&h

o''en(e+&. Th#& h& $een (#&)u&&e( e+#e+. Ho*e!e+, o' the -en&

!#$e, %+o$$y the e&t e''e)t#!e #& the u&e o' &)hoo *o+ #n

%en &en&e. The #n&tnty>(ou$e( &&#/n-ent #& the )&&#) )&e. Oneutho+#ty h& &u//e&te( tht the +e&on -ny &tu(ent& (#&#e

-the-t#)& #& tht *o+ #n tht +e #& o'ten u&e( 'o+ %un#&h-ent.

An( the t#-e>hono+e( &y&te- o' *+#t#n/ #ne& #n %+e &y&te- #nn/u/e +t&.

I& *+#t#n/ #ne& +ey %un#&h-ent One te)he+ &&#/ne(

-#((e ee-ent+y )&& the t& o' *+#t#n/ “I *# )o-e to )&& on

t#-e0 6 t#-e&. 3y &t#n/ +oun(, &o-e &tu(ent& -(e th#& &t (yJ-en*h#e !o#(#n/ (o#n/ othe+, -o+e *o+th*h#e *o+.

So-et#-e& te&t& +e &o u&e( 'o+ %un#&h-ent. Th#& )n ony $e

)&&#'#e( & -#&u&e o' !u$e e(u)t#on too. Te&t& +e &e(o- %o%u+ -on/ &tu(ent&, e!en un(e+ the $e&t )on(#t#on&. U&#n/ te&t&

'o+ %un#&h-ent -e+ey ((& to the %+o$e-.

116 Kee$ reerra%s t a +i!i+*+6 A te)he+ *ho #& )on'+onte( *#th $eh!#o+ %+o$e- tht #& too &e+#ou& 'o+ h#- o+ he+ to hn(e &hou(

en#&t the he% o' the (-#n#&t+t#on. 3ut -ny te)he+& )on&#(e+ tht

8



+e'e++ “&en(#n/ h#- to the o''#)e0B #& #n &o-e +e&%e)t& n (-#&&#on

o' (e'et. Su)h te)he+& e"hu&t o' the +e&ou+)e& !#$e to the-

$e'o+e they -e +e'e++.So-e %+#n)#%& '#n( #t h+( to $e %t#ent *#th the te)he+ *ho

-e& )on&tnt +e'e++& on the $&#& o' %etty #n'+)t#on&. Yet &u)hte)he+& )on&#(e+ e!en the -o&t t)t'u &u//e&t#on& tht they hn(e

&u)h %+o$e-& *#th#n the )&&+oo- & ) o' &u%%o+t '+o- the(-#n#&t+t#on. Su)h &#tut#on )n $e -#n#-#@e( #' the te)he+ *#

%%e 'o+ &u%%o+t ony *hen the %+o$e- #& )e+y too $#/ to $e

hn(e( #n the )&&+oo-.

16 S ar as $ssi.%e: +ae "rre"ti!s $riate%,6 So-et#-e&

$eh!#o+ %+o$e-& +#&e *h#)h +eu#+e tht the te)he+ te %+o-%t,!#/o+ou& )t#on. 3ut #' the %+o$e- #& not o' n e-e+/en)y ntu+e, the

$ette+ %+o)e(u+e #& to (#&)u&& #t *#th the &tu(ent #n!o!e( #n %+#!te

&ett#n/. Let u& )on&#(e+ the )&e o' +e “*#&e /uy.0 A))o+(#n/ to h#&&et o' !ue&, he h& *on !#)to+y #' he )n /o( the te)he+ #nto

(#&)#%#n+y &)ene #n '+ont o' h#& %ee+&. Th#& &e+!e& to 'ee( h#& e/o n(

to -e h#- he+o #n the eye& o' )e+t#n -e-$e+& o' h#& )&&.

Mny te)he+& h!e $een &u+%+#&e( t the &o+t o' %e+&on theyen)ounte+ *hen they (e %+#!tey *#th the ty%e o' &tu(ent (e&)+#$e(

$o!e. <#thout the -o+ &u%%o+t o' h#& )#ue o' 'n&, he -y *e $e

'+#/htene( n( #n&e)u+e youn/&te+ *ho #& hun/+y 'o+ (ut ttent#onn( #& *##n/ to /o to -o&t ny en/th& to /et #t.

146 Lear! as +*"# as ,* "a! a.*t t#e st*de!t6 A %+#n)#% o' +u+

&e)on(+y &)hoo *& nt#!e o' the )o--un#ty #n *h#)h he *o+e(.He *& *e #n'o+-e( & to the ho-e $)/+oun( o' %+)t#)y o'

h#& &tu(ent&. Ne*)o-e+& to h#& ')uty &oon e+ne( to )on&ut the

%+#n)#% $out %+o$e- &tu(ent&. O'ten, he )ou( %+o!#(e #n'o+-t#ontht *& !u$e to the te)he+ #n (e#n/ *#th

-o&t &#tut#on&.

An #nte/+ %+t o' %+o$e- &o!#n/, +e/+(e&& o' the ntu+e o' the %+o$e-, #& to /+ne+ the ne)e&&+y #n'o+-t#on. In (e#n/ *#th

(#&)#%#n+y )&e &o)# %+o$e-B, $)/+oun( #n'o+-t#on #& !#t.

!



A &ou+)e&J&)hoo +e)o+(&, the #n%ut o' (-#n#&t+to+&, )oun&eo+&

n( )oe/ue&Jh!e )ont+#$ut#on to -e &o tht the te)he+ *#

not h!e to o%e+te “#n !)uu-0 #n (e#n/ *#th $eh!#o+ %+o$e-.

176 0r /it# $are!ts as a$$r$riate6 I' *e & te)he+& th#n &tu(ent&+e )on'u&#n/, *e &hou( )on&#(e+ the e!en h#/he+ e!e o' )on'u&#on

on the %+t o' &o-e %+ent&, e&%e)#y o' tho&e *ho ) the $)/+oun( to un(e+&tn( &u)h %heno-en & (oe&)en)e. Ho*e!e+,

#n -ny &#tut#on&, &tu(ent $eh!#o+ %+o$e-& +e $e&t (et *#th *hen

%+ent& n( the &)hoo o''#)#& +e #n!o!e( #n o#nt e''o+t.So-e youn/e+ te)he+& (+e( the %+o&%e)t o' *o+#n/ *#th

%+ent&, the &&u-%t#on $e#n/ tht #t *# $e “me %ers!s them0

&#tut#on. An( #n(ee(, #t &o-et#-e& tu+n& out tht *y. 3ut #n -ny)&e&, on)e )o--un#)t#on& +e e&t$#&he(, %+ent& n( te)he+& +e

-utuy he%'u #n *o+#n/ on $eh!#o+ %+o$e-&.

In &o-e &)hoo &y&te-&, the+e #& %o#)y to the e''e)t tht %+ent>te)he+ )on'e+en)e& +e ++n/e( $y the )ent+ o''#)e, n(

'+euenty the %+#n)#% o+ )oun&eo+ %+t#)#%te&. 3e'o+e $e)o-#n/

#n!o!e( #n &)he(u#n/ -eet#n/ *#th %+ent&, the te)he+ &hou( '#n(

out ho* &u)h -tte+& +e u&uy hn(e( #n the o) &#tut#on. A'te+ , & te)he+& *e nee( the he% *e )n /et

1=6 Be "!siste!t i+$%e+e!ti!g t#e BK-SLM 6 3e#n/ )on&#&tent*# he% to !o#( $eh!#o+ -n/e-ent %+o$e-&. Fe* th#n/& )n

-o+e u#)y un(e+-#ne te)he+9& )+e(#$##ty #e #n)on&#&ten)y.

/,pectatio$s m!st be reaso$able e!e oneB, clearly comm!$icated

e!e t*oB, co$siste$tly e$#orced e!e th+eeB, res!lts mo$itored e!e'ou+B, res!lts e%al!ated #or e##ecti%e$ess e!e '#!eB, n( e,pectatio$s

rei$#orced or re%ised e!e &#"B. 3e)u&e *e h!e “te)he+9&0 he+t,

*e o'ten *nt to -e &%e)# ))o--o(t#on& 'o+ &tu(ent&.Un'o+tuntey, tho&e &%e)# ))o--o(t#on& )n '+euenty e( to

un#nten(e( n( (#&+u%t#!e )on&euen)e&. <e )n $e 'e"#$e. Ho*e!e+,

'e"#$##ty &#-%y nee(& to $e )e+ n( )on&#&tent %+t o' you+ no+- %+o)e&&.

1



1>6 D!;t % r t#e e!d t#e %ist6 Th#& &to+y h& no en(. The #&t o'

&u//e&t#on& +e/+(#n/ the te)he+ n( )&& )ont+o )ou( $e )ont#nue(

-o&t #n(e'#n#tey. Ho*e!e+, -ny utho+#t#e& #n the +e o' &tu(ent $eh!#o+ 'ee tht the %o#nt& )o!e+e( he+e h!e -e+#t 'o+ the te)he+ &

he o+ &he (e& *#th the !#t +e o' )&& )ont+o. <hy #& th#& &o#-%o+tnt “I' you )n9t )ont+o 9e-, you )n9t e+n 9e-.0

I! C!"%*si!

<ht *ou( you (( to the #&t o' 45 %+)t#)e& (e&)+#$e( #n th#&&e)t#on Note tht, on)e /#n, -ny o' the&e &u//e&t#on& +e $&e( on

#n&t+u)t#on, hen)e +e *#th#n the &)o%e o' the te)he+. Othe+&

e-%h&#@e no*e(/eJ*&, )u&to-&, +e'e++ %+o)e(u+e&, n( othe+ &tte n( o) %+)t#)e&. The BK-SLM *o+& #n -n/#n/ $eh!#o+ #n

the )&&+oo- n( $u#(#n/ un#t. I' you &hou( #&t the&e %o#nt& #n o+(e+

'+o- -o&t #-%o+tnt to e&t #-%o+tnt, *h#)h *ou( he( you+ #&t

A &INAL 0ORD

The BK-SLM e-%h&#@e& 'o!$datio$ Le%els o# S!ccess n(

Ad%a$ced Le%els o# S!ccess tht *hen )on&#&tenty #-%e-ente( *#

e( to &tu(ent &u))e&&. In &u--+y, the BK-SLM &%e)#'#e& tht

2



e,pectatio$s m!st be reaso$able, clearly comm!$icated , co$siste$tly

e$#orced , res!lts mo$itored , res!lts e%al!ated #or e##ecti%e$ess, n(

e,pectatio$s rei$#orced or re%ised .F#ny, the Badgett-Kritso$is Strategic Leadership Model

1BK-SLM0 #& '+-e*o+ tht e(& to &u))e&& #n -n/#n/ $eh!#o+.I-%e-entt#on o' the -o(e *#th#n )&&+oo-& n( t the $u#(#n/

un#t e!e *# he% &tu(ent&, te)he+&, n( (-#n#&t+to+& to )h#e!eh#/he+ -#e&tone& #n &)hoo#n/. The &u))e&&'u ut##@t#on o' the

-o(e *# -o&t &&u+e(y +e&ut #n &tu(ent &u))e&& n( -ny

)ee$+te( e"%e+#en)e&.


Le%el +$e& E"%e)tt#on& -u&t $e +e&on$e Le%el T(o& E"%e)tt#on& )e+y )o--un#)te(


AD'ANCED LE'ELS O& SUCCESS

Le%el 'o!r& Re&ut& -on#to+e(

Le%el 'i%e& Re&ut& e!ute( 'o+ e''e)t#!ene&& Le%el Si,& E"%e)tt#on& +e#n'o+)e( o+ +e!#&e(

3



ABOUT THE AUTHORS

0i%%ia+ A%%a! Krits!is

<ILLIAM ALLAN KRITSONIS *& +e)o/n#@e( & theCent+ <&h#n/ton Un#!e+&#ty Au-n# A&&o)#t#on D#&t#n/u#&he(

Au-nu& 'o+ the Coe/e o' E(u)t#on n( P+o'e&&#on Stu(#e&. He

*& hono+e( $y the Te"& Nt#on A&&o)#t#on 'o+ Mut#)utu+

E(u)t#on & Pro#essor Scholar a$d Pio$eer P!blisher #or Disti$g!ished Ser%ice to Mut#)utu+ Re&e+)h Pu$#&h#n/. The

)e+e-ony *& he( t Te"& AQM Un#!e+&#ty>Coe/e Stt#on. He *&

#n(u)te( #nto the %+e&t#/#ou& William 2. Par)er Leadership Academy 2all o# 2o$or . He *& n "$%ited 3isiti$g Lect!rer t the O"'o+(

Roun( T$e t O+#e Coe/e #n the Un#!e+&#ty o' O"'o+(, Un#te(

K#n/(o-. D+. K+#t&on#& *& 3isiti$g Scholar t Cou-$#Un#!e+&#ty9& Te)he+ Coe/e #n Ne* Yo+, n( 3isiti$g Scholar #n the

S)hoo o' E(u)t#on t Stn'o+( Un#!e+&#ty, Po Ato, C#'o+n#.

In My 648, D+. K+#t&on#& %+t#)#%te( #n the Thi$) Ta$) o$

4lobal /d!catio$ t the H+!+( +(ute S)hoo o' E(u)t#on,

C-$+#(/e, M&&)hu&ett&. The thi$) ta$) 'o)u&e( on ho* to he%

&tu(ent& (e!eo% #nte+)utu+ *+ene&&, no*e(/e o' /o$ #&&ue&,

n( -ut##n/u#&-.He &e+!e( on nt#on thi$) ta$) %%o#nte( $y the Se)+et+y

o' E(u)t#on #n 646>48 'o+ P+o!#(en)e Rho(e I&n( S)hoo& *#th

&e&&#on& )on(u)te( t 3+o*n Un#!e+&#ty #n the A$$e$berg "$stit!te #or

School e#orm. In 647, he *& no-#nee 'o+ the +!tsta$di$g Te,as /d!cator A(ard e"e-%#'y#n/ the e(e+&h#% o' ohn 3en She%%e+(

'o+ %u$#) e(e+&h#% e(u)t#on, eth#)&, n( %u$#) &e+!#)e.He #& Foun(e+ o' Nt#on FORUM ou+n& S#n)e 4?6B.

P+o'e&&o+ K+#t&on#& #& the utho+ o' nu-e+ou& +t#)e& & *e & utho+

o+ )outho+ o' &e!e+ $oo&.

He h& &e+!e( & te)he+, %+#n)#%, &u%e+#nten(ent o' &)hoo&, (#+e)to+ o' &tu(ent te)h#n/ n( '#e( e"%e+#en)e&, %+o'e&&o+,

utho+, )on&utnt, e(#to+>#n>)h#e', n( %u$#&he+. D+. K+#t&on#& h&

)on&#(e+$e e"%e+#en)e #n )h#+#n/ PhD (#&&e+tt#on& n( te)h#n/ #n

4



(o)to+ n( -&te+& %+o/+-& #n e(u)t#on e(e+&h#% n(

&u%e+!#&#on. He h& e+ne( the +n & %+o'e&&o+ t th+ee un#!e+&#t#e& #n

t*o &tte&, #n)u(#n/ &u))e&&'u %o&t>tenu+e +e!#e*&.D+. K+#t&on#& h& t+!ee( n( e)tu+e( e"ten&#!ey th+ou/hout

the Un#te( Stte& n( *o+(>*#(e. So-e #nte+nt#on t+!e& #n)u(eAu&t+#, Ne* en(, T&-n#, Tu+ey, Ity, +ee)e, Monte

C+o, En/n(, Hon(, Den-+, S*e(en, F#nn(, Ru&&#, E&ton#,Pon(, e+-ny, Me"#)o, the C+#$$en I&n(&, Me"#)o,

S*#t@e+n(, +n( Cy-n, H#t#, St. M+ten, St. ohn, St. Tho-&,

St. C+o#", St. Lu)#, Pue+to R#)o, N&&u, F+ee%o+t, -#),3+$(o&, M+t#n#ue, Cn(, Cu+)o, Co&t R#)o, A+u$,

ene@ue, Pn-, 3o+ 3o+, Th#t#, Lt!#, S%#n, Hon(u+&, n(

-ny -o+e. D+. <##- An K+#t&on#& #& %+e&enty Pro#essor o#

/d!catio$al Leadership t The *$i%ersity o# Te,as o# the Permia$

Basi$ #n the ollege o# /d!catio$ *#th#n The *$i%ersity o# Te,asSystem. He te)he& #n the MA P+#n)#% n( Su%e+#nten(ent

Ce+t#'#)t#on n( %+e%+t#on %+o/+-& on/ *#th &&#&t#n/ to (e!eo%

ne* (o)to+ %+o/+-. He e+ne( h#& PhD '+o- The Un#!e+&#ty o'

Io*, Io* C#ty, ME( '+o- Sette P)#'#) Un#!e+&#ty, n( 3A '+o-Cent+ <&h#n/ton Un#!e+&#ty.

Cont)t In'o+-t#on:<##- An K+#t&on#&, PhD

76B 27>=? CeB

5



Kei! 06 Badgett

D+. Ke!#n <. 3(/ett e+ne( h#& 3)heo+ o' A+t& De/+ee '+o-Pe%%e+(#ne Un#!e+&#ty *he+e he %+t#)#%te( #n un#!e+&#ty )ho#+& n(

thete+. He e+ne( h#& t*o MA (e/+ee& #n Coun&e#n/ n( E(u)t#on

Mn/e-ent n( h#& E(D #n E(u)t#on Le(e+&h#% t the Un#!e+&#tyo' Hou&ton>Ce+ Le #n 62, 65, n( 644 +e&%e)t#!ey.

D+. 3(/ett $e/n h#& )+ee+ & n e(u)to+ te)h#n/ -#((e

&)hoo n( h#/h &)hoo )ho#+ #n C#'o+n# #n 4???. In 6, he

+etu+ne( to the Hou&ton +e *he+e o!e+ the ne"t 46 ye+& he tu/ht-u&#) n( &e+!e( & &)hoo )oun&eo+ n( (-#n#&t+to+. <h#e

&e+!#n/ & &)hoo (-#n#&t+to+, D+. 3(/ett *& #n!#te( to te)h #n

te)he+ %+e%+t#on %+o/+- t the Un#!e+&#ty o' Hou&ton>Ce+ Le.A'te+ th+ee ye+& & n (un)t %+o'e&&o+ n( &#" ye+& & )-%u&

(-#n#&t+to+, he ))e%te( tenu+e>t+) %o&#t#on & n Assista$t

Pro#essor o# /d!catio$al Leadership #n the ollege o# /d!catio$ at The *$i%ersity o# Te,as o# the Permia$ Basi$. A'te+ ye+ & the

%+o/+- )oo+(#nto+ 'o+ the P+#n)#%&h#% %+o/+-, D+. 3(/ett

))e%te( the %o&#t#on o' Su%e+#nten(ent 'o+ the ne* UTP3 STEM

A)(e-y. A'te+ h#& &e+!#)e & Su%e+#nten(ent, he h& +etu+ne( toUTP3 & n A&&#&tnt P+o'e&&o+.

D+. 3(/ett h& %u$#&he( #n !+#ety o' %+o'e&&#on ou+n&

#n)u(#n/ the AASA ou+n o' S)ho+&h#% n( P+)t#)e, E(u)t#onn( U+$n So)#ety, the Inte+nt#on ou+n o' Te)h#n/ n( C&e

Stu(#e&, n( -ut#%e %e+#o(#)& ''##te( *#th 5AT"+5AL '+*M

6+*5ALS. A((#t#ony, D+. 3(/ett *# h!e )h%te+ #n

'o+th)o-#n/ $oo *h#)h *# e"%o+e the *o+G#'e $n)e o' e(u)t#on %+o'e&&o+& *#th &)hoo>/e )h#(+en.

Cont)t In'o+-t#on:

Ke!#n <. 3(/ett, E(D

=47B 225>865 CeB

6



SECTION TOPICS RE'IE0

Part 1

Ba"gr*!d r U!dersta!di!g Be#air Pr.%e+s

Se"ti! 1 F I!trd*"ti! t t#e Badgett-Krits!is Strategi"

Leaders#i$ Mde%

BK-SLM

Foun(t#on Le!e& o' Su))e&&E"%e)tt#on& Mu&t 3e Re&on$e

E"%e)tt#on& Ce+y Co--un#)te(

E"%e)tt#on& Con&#&tenty En'o+)e( A(!n)e( Le!e& o' Su))e&&

Re&ut& Mon#to+e(

Re&ut& E!ute( 'o+ E''e)t#!ene&&E"%e)tt#on& Re#n'o+)e( o+ Re!#&e(

BK-SLM Su--+y

In Con)u&#on

Se"ti! F Be#air Pr.%e+s

3eh!#o+ P+o$e-& A+e Not Ne*

3eh!#o+ P+o$e-& & #e*e( $y Ne* Te)he+&Stu(ent& T+y Out Ne* Te)he+

Mny Ne* Te)he+& T+y Un+e#&t#) A%%+o)he&

The Ne* Te)he+ #& Un'-##+ <#th the Lo) S#tut#on Ne* Te)he+& O'ten Fee In&e)u+e

<he+e A+e Ne* Te)he+& L#ey to <o+

3eh!#o+ P+o$e-& n( the E"%e+#en)e( Te)he+ Sout#on& to 3eh!#o+ P+o$e-& A+e 3e#n/ Sou/ht

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In Con)u&#on

Se"ti! 4 F T#e Ps,"#%g, Be#air

<hy Do 3eh!#o+ P+o$e-& A+#&e

3o+e(o-

7



F+u&t+t#on

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Co--un#)te(

In Con)u&#on

Se"ti! 7 F S"ia% Pr.%e+s a!d Be#air

So-e P+o$e-& Rete to So)#oo/yU+$n#@t#on

F-#y Chn/e&

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P+ent Att#tu(e To*+(& S)hoo n( Te)he+&

Chn/#n/ #e* To*+(& Autho+#ty

Ho* Do <e He% In Con)u&#on

Se"ti! = F T#e Pri!"i$a%;s R%e i! Ma!agi!g Be#air

The P+#n)#% Set& the Tone

The P+#n)#% #& He%e+

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The P+#n)#% #& n En'o+)e+

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Se"ti! > F Lega% I+$%i"ati!s a!d t#e Ha!d%i!g Be#air

Pr.%e+s i! S"#%s

<ht #& Due P+o)e&&

8



L*& De <#th Se!e+ A+e&

Se+)h n( Se#@u+e

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Ho* Cn <e O%e+te <#th#n The L*D#&)#%#ne Po#)y

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Othe+ O''en&e&

Su&%en&#on Re/ut#on&Sho+t>Te+- Su&%en&#on P+o)e(u+e&

Re#n&tte-ent o' Stu(ent on Sho+t>Te+- Su&%en&#on

<+n#n/Lon/>Te+- Su&%en&#on P+o)e(u+e&

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A))ount$##ty n( the L*

In Con)u&#on

Part

S%*ti!s t Li!geri!g S"#% Be#air Pr.%e+s

Se"ti! ? F T,$es A!ti-S"ia% Be#airs i! S"#%s@

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n(#&-F#/ht#n/

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<e Te Stu(ent& & They A+e

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Se"ti! F Reas!s r St*de!t Be#air Pr.%e+s@

W! D T!e A() T!*) W*3

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&tu(#e(.7. E!e+y$o(y nee(& +e)o/n#t#on & %e+&on.

2. So-e %+o$e-& h!e n )(e-#) $&e.8. Mny &tu(ent& +e $o+n )on'o+-#&t&.

5. Mny &tu(ent& $+#n/ +e&ent-ent& to &)hoo.

=. To -ny youn/&te+&, +e$e#on #& %+t o' /+o*th. . Let9& ')e #t; &o-e nee( to $e +e'e++e( to othe+ /en)#e&.

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Se"ti! F H/ Tea"#ers Ca! Aid C!tri.*ti!g t Be#air

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5. De!eo% th#) &#n.

=. A!o#( +/u-ent&.. A!o#( te-%e+ '#t&.

?. De!eo% &et o' !ue&.

4. Do not th+eten.

44. A!o#( hu-##t#n/ the %u%# #' %o&&#$e.46. #!e &tu(ent& +e&%on&#$##ty #' they )n hn(e #t.

47. Do not +u&h to /#!e $&out#on.

In Con)u&#on

Se"ti! 1 F I 5* Ca!;t C!tr% ;e+: 5* Ca!;t Lear! ;e+6

W!*) 5*n Be Dne3

4. Kno* the * & #t %%#e& to (#&)#%#n+y -tte+&.

6. Kno* the o) )u&to-& n( )on(#t#on& +e/+(#n/ (#&)#%#ne.

1!!



7. Kee% n eye on &et#n/ ++n/e-ent&.

2. 3e &u+e tht e!e+yone h& &o-eth#n/ to (o.

8. +y the )t#!#t#e&.5. Th#n %o&#t#!ey.

=. 3e hu-n $e#n/.. A!o#( /+ou% #n(#)t-ent&.

?. T+y to -#nt#n /oo( +%%o+t *#th &tu(ent e(e+&. 4. A!o#( u&#n/ &)hoo *o+ 'o+ %un#&h-ent.

44. Kee% +e'e++& to -#n#-u-.

46. So '+ & %o&&#$e, -e )o++e)t#on& %+#!tey.47. Le+n & -u)h & you )n $out the &tu(ent.

42. <o+ *#th %+ent& & %%+o%+#te.

48. 3e Con&#&tent I-%e-ent#n/ the BK-SLM 45. Don9t oo 'o+ the en( o' the #&t.

In Con)u&#on

Documents

NFEAS Journal, 33(1)2015 William Allan Kritsonis, PhD, Proessor of Educational Leadership, The University of Tedxas of the Permian Basin, College of Education MB 3108, Department of