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NO TIME TO WASTE
STATES IN THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER’S PATH TO ITS DELTA
REGION HAVE ABOUT 2 WEEKS TO AVERT FLOOD AND HEALTH CARE
DISASTERS
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of
North Carolina, USA
THE CRITICAL TIME
WEDNESDAY, MAY 11 THROUGH
MONDAY, MAY 23, 2011
MEMPHIS:THE RIVER CRESTED AT NEARLY 48 FT ON MAY 9, 2011
CITIES AND DATES WHERE THE RIVER WILL CREST AND LIKELY FLOOD
• HELENA—MAY 12• GREENSVILLE—MAY 16• VICKSBURG—MAY 19• NATCHEZ—BATON ROUGE—
MAY 22• NEW ORLEANS—MAY 23
FLOOD HAZARDS (AKA
POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS)
• SO MUCH WATER DISCHARGED WITHIN A RIVER’S DRAINAGE BASIN THAT IT CAN NOT BE ACCOMMODATED SAFELY WITHIN THE FLOODPLAIN
• EROSION AND SCOUR
• LANDSLIDES (E.G., MUDFLOWS)
• DEBRIS
LOSS OF FUNCTION OF STRUCTURES IN FLOODPLAIN
FLOODSFLOODS
INUNDATION
INTERACTION WITH HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
STRUCTURE & CONTENTS DAMAGED BY WATER
WATER BORNE DISEASES (HEALTH CARE PROBLEMS)
EROSION AND MUDFLOWS
CONTAMINATION OF GROUND WATER
CAUSES OF RISK
CAUSES OF RISK
CASE HISTORIESCASE HISTORIES
DAMAGE DAMAGE DAMAGE DAMAGE
UNACCEPTABLE RISKUNACCEPTABLE RISKUNACCEPTABLE RISKUNACCEPTABLE RISK
INJURIES INJURIES DEATHSDEATHS
INJURIES INJURIES DEATHSDEATHS
LOSS OF LOSS OF FUNCTIONFUNCTIONLOSS OF LOSS OF FUNCTIONFUNCTION
HEALTH NEEDSHEALTH NEEDS
ECONOMIC LOSSECONOMIC LOSS
HEALTH NEEDSHEALTH NEEDS
ECONOMIC LOSSECONOMIC LOSS
RISKRISKRISKRISK
•1) dozens of flooded towns and cities,• 2) inundated homes and businesses,• 3) lost crops and productivity of farm land,• 4) loss of function of roads,
THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF THE MOUNTING LOSSES
THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF THE MOUNTING LOSSES
• 5) loss of function (e.g., barges, bridges and utility systems)
• 6) losses associated with thousands of evacuees
• 7) regional business interruption
• 8) loss of tourism
•
• 9) long-term clean-up (removal of debris, sewage, garbage, 10-million sandbags)•10) drying out of houses and businesses and their contents,•11) rebuilding of houses and levees.
THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF THE MOUNTING LOSSES
• 12) disposal of damaged home systems (e.g., refrigerators),• 13) restoration of water quality in wells and municipal water systems•14) resumption of schools and universities.
THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF THE LOSSES
• 15) restoration of millions of acres of prime farm land.
• 16) rebuilding of cities such as Memphis (costs could reach in the billions).
THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF THE MOUNTING LOSSES
FLOODING IS NOT THE ONLY THREAT
SO ARE THE GROWING POTENTIAL HEALTH CARE
NEEDS
DEBRIS-LADEN WATER; MAY 9TH
THE WATER IS A POTENTIAL HEALTH RISK
• The Mississippi River flood water is contaminated by the pesticides, industrial pollutants, and debris acquired along the long trip to the delta, and is now full of snakes and other animals.
TAKING A PAGE FROM LONG EXPERIENCE IN THE NETHERLANDS, …
NEW STRATEGIC ACTIONS ARE BEING INTEGRATED WITH
CONVENTIONAL STRATEGIES TO REDUCE THE RISK
OBJECTIVE: Give the river more space so that it can flood
safely.
EXAMPLE 1
• Make the floodplain wider by moving levees INLAND.
EXAMPLE 2
• Lower the floodplain by EXCAVATION so that it will hold more water safely.
EXAMPLE 3
• Add a NEW channel (i.e., a high-water channel) to reroute overflow water away from the river to temporary storage areas (e.g., manmade lakes).
CONVENTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES AND
STRATEGIES FOR FLOOD RISK REDUCTION
CONVENTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES AND
STRATEGIES FOR FLOOD RISK REDUCTION
CONVENTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR FLOOD RISK REDUCTION
CONVENTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR FLOOD RISK REDUCTION
• REAL TIME WEATHER FORCASTING AND WARNING SYSTEMS
• MEASURMENT TECHNOLOGIES (E.G., STREAM GAGUES)
• RISK MODELING (E.G., HAZUS, INSURANCE UNDERWRITING)
• REAL TIME WEATHER FORCASTING AND WARNING SYSTEMS
• MEASURMENT TECHNOLOGIES (E.G., STREAM GAGUES)
• RISK MODELING (E.G., HAZUS, INSURANCE UNDERWRITING)
• HISTORICAL DATABASES
• MAPS: 100-YEAR AND 500-YEAR FLOODS
• FLOOD DISASTER SCENARIOS
• DRONE PLANES• HAZMAT
MANAGEMENT
• HISTORICAL DATABASES
• MAPS: 100-YEAR AND 500-YEAR FLOODS
• FLOOD DISASTER SCENARIOS
• DRONE PLANES• HAZMAT
MANAGEMENT
STRATEGIES FOR FLOOD RISK REDUCTION
STRATEGIES FOR FLOOD RISK REDUCTION
• PURPOSE
• PREVENTION
• PROTECTION
• LAND USE CONTROL
• PURPOSE
• PREVENTION
• PROTECTION
• LAND USE CONTROL
• STRATEGY
• WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
• FLOOD CONTROL (DIKES, LEVEES, AND DAMS)
• HAZARD MAPS (RISK ZONES)
• STRATEGY
• WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
• FLOOD CONTROL (DIKES, LEVEES, AND DAMS)
• HAZARD MAPS (RISK ZONES)
THREE GORGES DAM, CHINA: FLOOD PREVENTION
THREE GORGES DAM, CHINA: FLOOD PREVENTION
• THE GREATEST ENGINEERING FEAT IN CHINA SINCE THE GREAT WALL
• THE GREATEST ENGINEERING FEAT IN CHINA SINCE THE GREAT WALL
THREE GORGES DAM: 2309 M LONG, 190 M HIGH, 15 M THICK
FLOOD PREVENTION ON THAMES RIVER: LONDON, ENGLAND
STRATEGIES FOR FLOOD RISK REDUCTION
STRATEGIES FOR FLOOD RISK REDUCTION
• PURPOSE
• SITE MODIFICATION
• ALERT/WARNING
• MONITORING
• RISK ZONES
• IMPROVED PREPAREDNESS
• PURPOSE
• SITE MODIFICATION
• ALERT/WARNING
• MONITORING
• RISK ZONES
• IMPROVED PREPAREDNESS
• STRATEGY
• EMBANKMENTS; SANDBAGS
• EVACUATION
• STREAM GAGUES; DRONE PLANES
• 100-500 YEAR FLOOD MAPS
• SCENARIOS
• STRATEGY
• EMBANKMENTS; SANDBAGS
• EVACUATION
• STREAM GAGUES; DRONE PLANES
• 100-500 YEAR FLOOD MAPS
• SCENARIOS
SAND BAGS: SITE MODIFICATION IN THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN
SAND BAGS: SITE MODIFICATION IN THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN
• 2.5 MILLION SAND BAGS REDUCED LOSSES IN THE 1992 FLOOD DISASTER.
• 2.5 MILLION SAND BAGS REDUCED LOSSES IN THE 1992 FLOOD DISASTER.
STRATEGIES FOR FLOOD RISK REDUCTION
STRATEGIES FOR FLOOD RISK REDUCTION
• PURPOSE
• RISK ZONES
• IMPROVE PREPAREDNESS
• ENVVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION (E.G., HAZ MAT)
• PURPOSE
• RISK ZONES
• IMPROVE PREPAREDNESS
• ENVVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION (E.G., HAZ MAT)
• STRATEGY
• 100 to 500 YEAR FLOOD MAPS
• DISASTER SCENARIOS
• OIL SPILL CONTAINMENT AND RECOVERY
• STRATEGY
• 100 to 500 YEAR FLOOD MAPS
• DISASTER SCENARIOS
• OIL SPILL CONTAINMENT AND RECOVERY