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EBT211
PHYSICAL METALLURGY
Non-Ferrous Metals
Aluminium and its Alloys
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Physical Properties
• Density : 2.7 g/cm3
• F !a " # " c " $%$.&' pm(
• Melting point : ))%
• *oiling point : 2'+&
• ,ood electrical and thermal conductiity
• esistant to corrosion in some commonenironments
• Nontoic
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0olu#ility o1 elements in Al
• Mg u n and 0iare the mostcommonly usedalloying elements in
aluminium 4hichhae su5cient solidsolu#ility.
• r Mn and r are
used primarily to1orm compounds4hich control grainstructure.
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Designation
Wrought Alloys
+
ommercially pureAl !6&& Al(
Not agedFood/chemical handling 8storage e9uipment heatechanger
light reector
2
Al-u
Agehardena#le
Aircra1t structures rietstruc; 4heels scre4machining
products
3
Al-Mn Not agedoo;ing utensils pressureessels and piping
$
Al-0i and Al-Mg-0i
Agehardena#le
i1 Mg ispresent
'
Al-Mg Not agedAircra1t 1uel 8 oil lines 1ueltan;s appliances
riets and4ires
)
Al-Mg-0i Agehardena#le
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Casting Alloys
+.ommercially pureAl !=&&Al(
Not aged
2. Al-uAge
hardena#le
Fly4heel and rear-alehousings #us and aircra1t
4heels cran;cases
3.Al-0i-u or Al-Mg-0i
0ome are agehardena#le
Aircra1t pump partsautomotie transmissioncases
4ater-cooledcylinder #loc;s
$. Al-0i Not aged
'. Al-Mg Not aged
7. Al-Mg-nAgehardena#le
>. Al-0n Agehardena#le
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T Ag" Har!"n"! #H"at4Tr"at"!&
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• ,roup into t4o #ased on the methodo1 1a#rication:
• Brought alloys
• asting alloys
• ?eat treata#le alloys are agedhardened
• Non heat treata#le alloys arestrengthened #y solid
solutionstrengthening strain hardening or
dispersion hardening.
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Non-heat
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•
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•
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Age ?ardena#le BroughtAlloys
•
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Bhat is ,P-E @onesJ
• ,uinier-Preston !,P( 1ound this @one.
• ,P-E @ones are 1ormed at lo4erageing temp.
• u atoms segregate in the Css
• Dis; shape 4ith %.$ K %.) nm thic;
and > K +% nm in diameter• Form on L+%% cu#ic planes o1
the
matri
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,P-EE @ones•
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G phase
• Encoherent in the matri and has thecomposition uAl2
•
*< structure !a " %.)%7 nm c "%.$>7 nm(
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Precipitation 0trengthening o1 Al-2
• ?eat treatmentse9uence 1or theprecipitation
hardening o1 Al-$u: . 0olution heat
treatment at a#out'+'
.
uenching . Articial ageing in the
+3% to +&% range
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0olid 0olution 0trengthening
• an #e o#tained #yadding u Mn and Mg.
• Mn and u are the mosteOectie strengtheners
at %.' #ut tend to 1ormAl)Mn precipitates andinsolu#le
Al-u-Feconstituents respectiely.
•
Mg is the most eOectiestrengthener on the4eight #asis due to
itshigh solu#ility.
