Non Ferrous Copper

8/15/2019 Non Ferrous Copper

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http://goo.gl/forms/YMytwXocdq


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EBT211

PHYSICAL METALLURGY

Non-Ferrous Metal

Copper and its lloys


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!eneral "roperties

• #ensity : $.%&& g/cm&

• FCC

•

Melting point : '($) C• *igh electrical and thermal

conducti+ity

•

*igh corrosion resistance• !ood ductility and mallea,ility

• easona,le tensile strength


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• May ,e selected to produce anappropriate decorati+e colour.

• "ure Cu : red n addition : yellow Niaddition : sil+er

C h a l c o c i t e ( C u 2 S ,

c o p p e r s u l p h i d e )

C h a l c o p y r i t e ( C u F e S 2 ,

c o p p e r i r o n s u l p h i d e )

C u p r i t e ( C u 2 O ,

c o p p e r o x i d e )


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#esignation

Wrought Alloys

C'0000 Commercially pure Cu 1lectrical industries2wire3 rod3 plate3 strip4

C50000 Cu-n alloys 2,rasses4 adiator cores andtan6s3 loc6s3 hinges3ammunition

components3 pins3re+ets

C&0000 Cu-n-", 2leaded ,rasses4

C)0000 Cu-n-7n 2tin ,rasses4

#esignation system is administered ,ythe Copper #e+elopment ssoc. 2C#4


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C80000 Cu-7n alloys 2phosphor ,ron9es4

C0000 Cu-l alloys 2l ,ron9es43 Cu-7ialloys 27i ,ron9es4 and misc Cu-n alloys

Nuts3 ,olts3 stringersand threadedmem,ers3 +essels andtan6s

C;0000 Cu-Ni and Cu-Ni-n alloys 2nic6elsil+ers4

Condensers3 electricalsprings3 heat

e0changer tu,es3resistors

Cast Alloys

C$0000 Cast Cu3 cast high-Cu3 cast,rasses of +arious types3 cast Mn-

,ron9e alloys3 and cast Cu-n-7ialloys

1lectrical and thermalconductors3 molds for

plastic parts3 pipe


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7olid solution-strengthenedalloys

• lloys remain single phase aftertreatment.

• Cu-n alloys 2,rasses43 Mn-,ron9es3Cu-Ni-n 2nic6el sil+er43 7n-,ron9es2phosphor ,ron9es43 l-,ron9es3 7i-,ron9es


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ge hardena,le alloys

• Cu-r3 Cu-Cr and Cu-=e

• >he single-phase copper alloys thatare strengthened signi


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?nalloyed Copper

• Classi


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1>" copper• %%.%A Cu with (.()8A o0ygen

• Bire3 rod plate and strip

• @0ygen is almost insolu,le in Cu and forms Cu5@interdendritic eutectic upon solidi)((C leads to pressure up at grain

,ondaries3 causing fracture 2hydrogen em,rittlement4

' x

' x ' x


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#eo0idi9ed Cu

• " is suDciently addedto produce phosphoruspento0ide "5@8. >his

reduces the amount ofo0ygen and gi+e highconducti+ity Cu

• 10cess amount of "

lowers electricalconducti+ity

' x

! c d a ! o r g ! u .


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@0ygen free Cu

• s-cast o0ygen free Cu is free ofinterdendritic eutectic Cu5@

• *ot wor6ed microstructure also shows

a clear microstructure and not aEected,y hydrogen em,rittlement

' x

' x

' x


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=rasses

• !liding metal 28A n4

• Commercial ,rass/,ron9e 2G'(A n4

•

Hewelry ,rass/,ron9e 2G'5.8A n4• ed ,rass 2G'8A n4

• Iow ,rass 2G5(A n4

•

Cartridge ,rass 2G&(A n4• Yellow ,rass 2G&8A n4

• Munt9 metal 2)(A n4


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FCC

=CC2disordered4

=CC2ordered4

comple02,rittle

4


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Microstructure of =rasses 2&%An4

• Consists of alpha solidsolution

• nnealing twins of alpha

grain are o,ser+ed as ncontent increases

6 x

6 x

Cartridge ,rass

Commercial ,ron9e


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Microstructure of JKL,rasses

• )(A n produces comple0structure alpha and ,etaphases3 where ,etama6es the ,rasses heat-

treata,le

' ' x

6 x

s-cast structure of Munt9 metal

=lac6 2alpha43 white 2,eta4

*ot-rolled Munt9 metal sheet=lac6 2,eta43 white 2alpha4


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#ecomposition of L in JKL,rasses

• *eat treating from a,out $&(C and hotquenching to ;(( to ;'(C3 some unsta,le,eta or ,eta prime will transform

isothermally to alpha phase• >wo type of alpha phase:

• od-type alpha precipitate : forms at 8(( ;((C4

• BidmanstOtten alpha precipitate :nucleates uniformly throughout the ,etagrains and grew rapidly in the lengthwise


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lloy =rasses

• Ieaded ,rasses 2Cu-&",4

• dmiralty ,rass 2Cu-5$n-'7n4

>in =ron9es• lso 6nown as phosphor

,ron9e

• Ma0 solid solu,ility of tinin copper : '8.$A ,etween85( and 8$C


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luminum =ron9e

• lso popular as aluminum ,rass

• Ma0 solid solu,ility l in Cu G%.)Aat 88C

• 7olu,ility of l increases with a

decrease in temp along the

J/2JKL4 ,oundary

• 1utectoid reaction : L into JKP5

at 88C and ''.$A l• Q solid solution 8 $A l


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7ilicon =ron9e

• >rade name : 1+erdur or *erculoy

• ' - &A 7i. Mn and Fe are added toimpro+e properties.

• Ma0 solid solu,ility of 7i 8.&A at $)&C.

• 7olu,ility decreases to only a,out )Aat > ma6es it non precipitation-

hardena,le

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Non Ferrous Copper