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Non-iterative voltage stability analysis methods and prototype
software for multi-path ratingYuri V. Makarov
• WECC JSIS Meeting• Salt Lake City, UT
• September 10, 2014
Project Team
Dr. Bharat Vyakaranam – Research Engineer, Power Systems, PNNLDr. Da Meng – Research Engineer, Power Systems, PNNLDr. Pavel Etingov – Research Engineer, Power Systems,PNNLDr. Tony Nguyen – Research Engineer, Power Systems, PNNLDr. Di Wu - Research Engineer, Power Systems, PNNLDr. Zhangshuan (Jason) Hou – Exploratory data analyses and uncertainty quantification, PNNLDr. Shaobu Wang - Research Engineer, Power Systems, PNNL
Dr. Steve Elbert – High Performance Computing, PNNLDr. Laurie Miller – Research Engineer, Power Systems, PNNLDr. Yuri Makarov – PM, Chief Scientist, Power Systems, PNNLAdvisors:
Dr. Zhenyu (Henry) Huang Dr. Ruisheng DiaoDr. Mark Morgan
Acknowledgements: DOE ARPA-E (Tim Heidel and Sameh Elsharkawy) and DOE OE Office (Gil Bindewald)
Overview - 1
Research ObjectivesNew non-iterative methods for multi-parameter voltage stability assessment (VSA) in near-real-time. Multi-path rating application.Answers will be given: How far the system is from
instability and blackout? What are the most critical
contingencies and system elements?
What needs to be done to increase the security margin in real time?
What is the time remaining for a possible violation? - Future
September 12, 2014 3
Voltage stability boundary of a simple systemand its projections. Source: Hiskens and Davy
Overview - 2Background/Problem:
Different parts of the VS boundary (VSB) correspond to increasingly variablestress directions caused by changing load-generation patterns, contingencies, market forces, cooperation between system operators, variable generation, etc.
September 12, 2014
Computational time becomes critically important for:
Real-time analysesMassive contingency screeningsSimulations of blackouts and cascadingProbabilistic methodsSynchrophasor-based applications, and
Traditional methods (e.g., continuation power flow - CPF) are:
Computationally intensive, Limited by a few stress directions Based on simplifications, Sensitive to initial guesses.
Continuation power flow process: π – predictor; σ – corrector.
Path 1
Path 2
Path 3
Overview - 3
Benefits and Impacts:Enhanced situation awarenessEarly detection of system instability, Improved reliability Actionable information, Prevention of system blackouts, and Better utilization of transmission assets.
Other benefits:VSB visibility for multiple paths and contingenciesDeveloping real-time and HPC applicationsAccurate and flexible quantification of the VS marginsWide-area view on voltage stabilityPotential for predictive/preventive controlPotential for close-loop automatic emergency control systems.
September 12, 2014 5
Security Region
d 1
d 3
d 2
ξd D0
Hd
Security Margin and Control Direction
Security margin ║ξd║ provides situation awareness Control vector ξd provides actionable informationConstraints applied to control parameters and their priorities can be incorporated.
Security Region
d 1
d 3
d 2
ξd D0
Hd
September 12, 2014 6
Approach -1
We are using powerful methods to explore voltage stability boundary (VSB)
Orbiting methodEach iteration produces a new VSB pointWe do not have to repeat continuation power flow for each VSB point!Is very fast and accurate
CPF
1
2-D “Slice” of n-D Voltage Stability Boundary
2
3
Path 1
Path 2
Providing Connectivity With PowerWorld Input: Three System Models Tested
8
Central AmericaInterconnection of Panama, Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua, El Salvador, and Guatemala systems1985 buses2298 branches
California ISO3535 buses4402 branches
Western Electricity Coordinating Council planning model19331 buses22946 branches
-0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Load
at B
us S
ID-2
2
in
100
MW
s
Voltage Security Region in Injection Space - Load at two buses
Simulation Results- Central America
CPF run for one VSB point• 7.6963 s
BOM run • 0.1655 s
Systems Continuation power flow
Boundary orbiting method
Average Time Per Run (s)
Average Time Per Run (s)
WECC2014(19331 buses)
191 16.64
CAISO(3535 buses)
9.6306 1.1010
Central America(1985 buses)
7.6963 0.1655
Simulation Times
Accuracy Comparison With PowerWorld
11
Stress direction
Non-iterative Method PowerWorld Accuracy
Sink Load(MW)
Sum(Sink)(MW)
Sink Load(MW)
Sum(Sink) (MW)
%
1 740.08 740.08 738.11 738.11 0.28
2 1188.9 1188.9 1192.8 1192.8 0.82
3 260.58 260.58 261.61 261.61 0.4
4 744.56 1002.4 746.95 1007.0 0.46
Connections with Previous, Existing, and Future Funded Projects and Outreach Activities
Cos
t Sha
ring
University of Sydney, Australia, ARC grantX-ray theorem and
Delta-plane method, 1993-1997
PNNLLDRD project
Further development of Non-iterative voltage stability analysis method
PNNLDOE OE project
Wide-area security region
PNNLBPA project
Wide-area security nomogram
PNNLDOE OE project
Non-iterative voltage stability
PNNLDOE ARPA-E project
Non-wire methodsFY 2013-2015
Further outreach, technology transfer & commercialization:
Utilities and ISOs: BPA, …
Software Vendors: PowerWorld, …
Consulting Companies: Quanta Technologies, …
PNNLCEC/ CERTS /EPG
projectVoltage stability
orbiting procedure
Multi-path Near-Real-Time Path Rating: General Project Progress and Updates
Team: PNNL (Prime): Henry Huang, Ruisheng Diao, Shuangshuang Jin, Yuri
Makarov, Yousu ChenQuanta Technology (Sub-Prime): Guorui Zhang PowerWorld: James WeberBonneville Power Administration: James Wong, Brian Tuck
13
ARPA-E 0670-4106
Transmission congestion cost
Incur significant economic cost2010: >$1.1 billion congestion cost at New York ISO [1] 2010: $ 1.43 billion congestion cost PJM-wide [2]
14 [1] NYISO, “2011 Congestion Assessment and Resource Integration Study”, March 2012[2] PJM, “Congestion and the PJM Regional Transmission Expansion Plan”, Dec. 2011
Means of congestion management
Three traditional means of congestion management (all require capital investment) [3]:
Build more generation close to load centers.Reduce load through energy efficiency and demand reduction programs.Build more transmission capacity in appropriate locations.
Near-real-time approaches:Generation redispatch (additional cost)Dynamic Line Rating (DLR), thermal limited
Validated at RTE, France and Oncor, TXReal-time path rating, security/stability limited
Validated concept at BPA, CAISO and ERCOTNo tools available due to intensive computational requirements using existing techniques
15
[3] 2012 National Electric Transmission Congestion Study. David Meyer, U.S. Department
of Energy, August 2012.
Real-time path rating
Current Path Rating Practice and LimitationsOffline studies – months or a year ahead of the operating seasonWorst-case scenarioRatings are static for the operating season
The result: conservative (most of the time) path rating, leading to artificial transmission congestion
Real-Time Path RatingOn-line studiesCurrent operating scenariosRatings are dynamic based on real-time operating conditions
The result: realistic path rating, leading to maximum use of transmission assets and relieving transmission congestion
16
Benefits of real-time path rating
17
Increase transfer capability of existing power network and enable additional energy transactions Reduce total generation/consumer costAvoid unnecessary flow curtailment for emergency support, e.g. wind uncertaintiesEnable dynamic transferEnhance system situational awareness
Technical Approach and Objective
1. Develop HPC based transient and voltage stability simulation with innovative mathematical methods
2. Develop HPC based real-time path rating capability with predictability and uncertainty quantification
3. Develop advanced congestion management methods with hierarchical coordination and optimized control
4. Demonstrate the non-wire method on a commercial software platform with real-life power system scenarios
Technology Summary
Metric State of the Art
Proposed
Simulation speed 3-5 times slower than real time
10-20 times faster than real time
Path rating study internal
Months <10 minutes
Uncertainty quantification
No Yes
Asset utilization Conservative Enhanced
Proposed Targets
Project management and coordination
19
Industry Advisory Board: José Conto - Principal Engineer, Electric Reliability Council of TexasAnthony Johnson - Consulting Engineer, Southern California EdisonXiaochuan Luo - Technical Manager, ISO-New EnglandJoshua Shultz - TVADede Subakti - Director, Operations Engineering Services, CAISO
Current activities
Project team actively working on recent deliverablesFast dynamic simulation
Implemented full Y matrix for network solutionTested and compared different linear solvers
Non-iterative voltage stability methodImproved MATLAB code for better accuracy and speedAccuracy validated against a commercial package, PowerWorld Simulator
Developed multiple path rating studies procedureDefined interface functions for software integration
20
Chart 1
Chart 2
Final products
11 1 1 ,1
21 1 2 ,2
1 1 ,
......
......
nn d
nn d
mn nm d m
d d
d d
d d
n n Ln n L
n n L
North of John Day vs. COI + NW/Sierra or PDCI Flow(Summer 2008 N-S Nomogram)
2400
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000
3100
3200
3300
3400
3500
3600
3700
3800
3900
4000
4100
4200
4300
4400
4500
4600
4700
4800
4900
7000 7100 7200 7300 7400 7500 7600 7700 7800 7900 8000
North of John Day Cutplane Flow (MW)
PDC
I or
CO
I + N
W/S
ierr
a Fl
ow (M
W)
Midpoint - Summer Lake400 MW East to West
Midpoint - Summer Lake400 MW West to East
Midpoint - Summer Lake0 MW
Midpoint to Summer Lake flows are shown in increments of 200 MW
Solid lines are for COI + NW/Sierra limits and Dashed line is for PDCI limit.
Security Region
d1
d3
d 2
ξd D0
Hd
Questions?
24