Northern and Middle Colonies• Puritans• Pilgrims/Separatists• Mayflower Compact• William Bradford• Massachusetts Bay Colony• Congregational Church• Work ethic• Blue Laws• Rhode Island• Anne Hutchinson• Fundamental Orders of

Connecticut• Town meetings

• Northern Colonies (Leave room for a small chart)

• Restoration

• Dominion of New England

• Colonial Governors

• Salutary neglect

• Pennsylvania

• Middle Colonies (Leave room for a small chart)

• King Philip’s War

• Settlement differences

• New Amsterdam

• New Jersey

Puritans: Their Great Migration• Puritans fled England due to

religious persecution

• Puritans wanted to purify the church

• They were not so pure: they liked to drink and have sex

• Brought lots of barleys and hop in barrels

• They thought it was their job to populate the world

• They didn’t want other groups in their settlements

• They supported religious freedom, but only for them

Here come the Pilgrims

• The Pilgrims were a groups of Puritans that wanted to separate from the Church of England (Separatists)

• They were kicked out of Holland and England and then came to America in 1620

• They landed in Massachusetts, but were supposed to be in Virginia

• Not everyone of the Mayflower was a Pilgrim (35 of 102)

• 66 days of travel• Before going on land, the

passengers made an agreement called the Mayflower Compact: early attempt at self government

• Adult males would have town meetings to discuss issues

Pilgrims vs Indians

• We found a place like a grave. We decided to dig it up. We found first a mat, and under that a fine bow. We also found bowls, trays, dishes, and things like that. We took several of the prettiest things to carry away with us and covered the body up again."

Pilgrim Truths• Half of the settlers died within 4 months• They didn’t land on Plymouth Rock first• They didn’t all wear tall hats with buckles and all

black clothing• Squanto did teach the Pilgrims to plant corn………

so would stop stealing from the Indians• The first “thanksgiving” was a harvest festival in

1621• It wasn’t an annual event and no fixed time• Harvest festivals were already being done by

Indians• Turkey wasn’t the main meat• Not a major holiday until the 1800’s…..Civil War

(Lincoln)• Bet You Didn’t Know

Other Puritan colonies...

• Massachusetts Bay Colony: Puritan colony (1630)

• John Winthrop was the governor of the colony

• Boston was called the “city upon a hill”

• New capital of the church in America

• Errand into the wilderness

Church• All male members of the congregation could vote• Renamed Congregational Church• Not a democracy; much power to church leaders• John Cotton among early leaders• Congregationalists could hire and fire ministers• The male “saints” handled church business Wanted to be

different from the Anglican Church• Also associated with the idea of the “puritan work ethic”

Work Ethic- Hard work and religious life will bring salvation

With or without you….

• Some people were predestined to experience an afterlife with God

• Only the “elected” or “chosen” were in good standing with God

Laws against worldly pleasures (printed on blue paper) to repress

certain things

Rhode Island

• There were threats within the Puritan movement

• Roger Williams was a Puritan minister

• Believed in buying land from the Indians

• Believed in separation of church and state and freedom of religion

• This put him in conflict with other leaders and was banished

• Founded Rhode Island in 1636• Called Rouge’s Island by some

Anne Hutchinson• Another challenger to the “New

England Way”• Attacked the spirituality of the clergy

and opposed predestination• Faith alone is necessary for salvation• Followers called Antinomians

– Greek for against the law• Only faith was needed for salvation• Held prayer meetings in her home; said

clergy wasn’t needed; said she talked directly to God

• Fled to Rhode Island• Walked to her trial 5 months pregnant• Dismissed the idea of original sin• Said she talked to God

• Who could vote in Puritan New England?

• Saints (male)• Written by Thomas Hooker

(founder of the colony)• Called for a representative

legislature elected by substantial citizens– Male, adult, land owners

• Massachusetts and some of NE used town meetings (direct democracy…no representation)

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

Other colonies began to break away from Massachusetts Bay

Leaving Puritan ideas

Rhode Island, Conn., New Hampshire, etc.

N orth e rn C o lon ies

N orth e rn lan d s cap en o t s u ited fo r

p lan ta tion s

P o lit ic s b ased on re lig ionP u ritan W ork E th ic

(P u ritan s )Tow n m ee tin g s (d em oc ra tic id ea)

D eep p orts lead to ec on om yb ased on trad e an d sh ip b u ild in g

N ew E n g lan d

Restoration• Charles II was restored to the throne and

things began to change quickly for the Puritans

• Laws passed against Puritans• Changed Massachusetts from a corporate

colony to a Royal colony• Mass. Then under strict royal rule• They believed their covenant with God would

protect them• James II (Catholic) followed and created the

Dominion of New England to unify the north and do away with colonial assemblies

• Edmund Andros was the governor of the area and levied harsh taxes, limiting town meetings, etc.

• Fell apart when James II lost power

Glorious Revolution-1688• James II dethroned by

William and Mary (Dutch Protestants)

• Resulted in a limited monarchy in England

• English Bill of Rights, 1689: trial by jury

• Disbanded the Dominion of New England

• Puritan church continued to lose power………voting based on land ownership

Controlling the Governors

• Colonial governors would not always enforce the King’s rules because the colonists paid his salary

Little regulation for the colonies

Salutary neglect: allowing the colonies to develop without over

regulationFrom 1660-1700, this is how the colonies were governed…it

led to ideas of self government in the colonies

Some signs of royal control still remained:

More English administrators than American (judges, etc.)

Few Americans could gain local political power; led to resentment

Pennsylvania• William Penn• Society of Friends\Quakers• Their beliefs:

– pacifism– no slavery– buy land from Indians– men and women equal in

God’s eyes

• Created Philadelphia– The City of Brotherly Love

• Called this test of religion a Holy Experiment

Middle Colonies

L ess re lig iou sin flu en ce in g ovt.A rea o f re lig iou s

p lu ra lism

E con om y b asedon trad e , fu rs

an d c rop s

P o lic ia l m ix b e tweenth e n orth an d sou th

M id d le C o lon ies

King Phillip’s War

• Metacom (King Phillip) united several New England Indian tribes against the settlers (1675-76)

• Thousands killed on both sides; towns and villages burned

• Metacom’s death and defeat signaled the end of major Indian resistance

French and Spanish colonies compared to British colonies

The French and Spanish came to America to trade and get raw materials

The English came to settle as well as trade

Which colonies would be more densely populated?

New Amsterdam

• Settled by the Dutch

• Modern day New York City

• Difficulty settling the area, so the Dutch allowed in variety of people

• Was separating the English colonies

• King Charles II sent his brother the Duke of York to conquer colony

• New Netherlands governor could not raise enough men to fight

New York

• Duke of York claims New Netherland and renames it New York

• Gives a portion to his friend the Duke of Jersey and this creates New Jersey