NEW ENGLAND, Puritans, Pilgrims, and the

Mayflower Compact

Colonial Timeline Part 1

Colonial Timeline Part 2

New England• #1 WHAT WAS JAMESTOWN, WHY WAS IT SET UP, AND WHY

WAS IT EVENTUALLY SUCESSFUL, make sure you talk about land and voting.– Jamestown was the first successful ENGLISH colony in America.– The harvesting of tobacco eventually made it successful. “Brown Gold”

instead of real gold– The Headwright System gave 50 acres to every person who could make

it over.• Land was a premium in Europe and lifted their status in society, allowed them

to vote, and gave them other privileges.– Landowners in Virginia were granted the same rights, and even set up their own

representing legislature called the House of Burgesses to represent white landowning males.

– First example of a representative government in America.» Sets an example which we still use today!

Separatists

vs.

Puritans

Separatist Beliefs: Puritans who believed only “visible

saints” [those who could demonstrate in front of their fellow Puritans their elect status] should be admitted to church membership.

Because the Church of England enrolled all the king’s subjects, Separatists felt they had to share churches with the “damned.”

Therefore, they believed in a total break from the Church of England.

Separatists (Puritan Calvinists)

PuritanismCalvinism Institutes of the Christian Religion

Predestination.• Good works could not save those

predestined for hell.• No one could be certain of their spiritual

status.• Gnawing doubts led to constantly seeking

signs of “conversion.”Puritans: (LIVE LIFE PURILY ACCORDING TO THE BIBLE!) Want to totally reform [purify] the Church

of England. Grew impatient with the slow process of

Protestant Reformation back in England.

• #2 Describe why many people were upset with the New Church of England, and what the difference was between Puritans and Separatists?– They believed it wasn’t different enough from the

Catholic Church.• Puritans believed in a pure form of a church and society

purely according to the bible, where as • Separatists believed that a new church should be

separate from the Catholic Church altogether.

New England

• #3 What is a Pilgrim, were they Puritans or separatists, and why did they leave for America, and why did they sign the Mayflower Compact?– Someone that travels for a religious journey– They were separatists– For religious freedom– To set up rules that said they would govern

themselves though DIRECT DEMOCRACY.

New England

• #4 Why did the Puritans settle the Massachusetts Bay Colony, and describe why their leader John Winthrop called New England a City on the Hill?– To practice their PURE biblical religion and connect that

religion to the government in the colony.– He thought that they should be an example for all other

communities around the world to follow.• Get city on a hill up high so people can see and honor it.

– Do you think we are a city on the hill?• Talk to the people around you and discuss what a city on the hill

should look like.

New England

The MA Bay Colony1629 non-Separatists got a royal charter to form the MA Bay Co.

Wanted to escape attacks by conservatives in the Church of England.

They didn’t want to leave the Church, just its “impurities.”

1630 1,000 people set off in 11 well-stocked ships

Established a colony with Boston as its hub.“Great Migration” of the 1630s

Turmoil in England [leading to the English Civil War] sent about 70,000 Puritans to America.

Not all Puritans 20,000 came to MA.

John Winthrop

We shall be as a

city on a hill..

Well-off attorney and manor lord in England.Became 1st governor of Massachusetts. Believed that he

had a “calling” from God to lead there.

Served as governor or deputy-governor for 19 years.

Characteristics of New England Settlements

Low mortality average life expectancy was 70 years of age.Many extended families.Average 6 children per family.Average age at marriage:

Women – 22 years old Men – 27 years old.

PatriarchyAuthoritarian male father figures controlled each household.

Patriarchal ministers and magistrates controlled church congregations and household patriarchs.

• #5 In order to vote or just be a part of the Massachusetts Bay Colony what did you have to be, and what did many people call the colony?– You had to be part of, and follow all the rules of, the

Puritan Church.– It is often called a Puritan Commonwealth, which

means the Puritan’s ran the government and everything else.• Very strict society. Harsh on anyone who didn’t follow the

rules.

New England

• #6 Who was Roger Williams, why was he sent away from the Massachusetts Bay Colony, and what core American value did he believe about religion and government?– He was separatist leader that was sent away from

the Mass Bay Colony for not following Church Rules.– He believed in the Separation of Church and State.• He ended up starting the Colony of Rhode Island.

New England

Puritan “Rebels”Young, popular minister in Salem. Argued for a full break

with the Anglican Church. Condemned MA Bay

Charter.• Did not give fair

compensation to Indians. Denied authority of civil

govt. to regulate religious behavior.

1635 found guilty of preaching newe & dangerous opinions and was exiled.

Roger Williams

1636 Roger Williams fled there. MA Bay Puritans had wanted to exile him

to England to prevent him from founding a competing colony.

Remarkable political freedom in Providence, RI• Universal manhood suffrage later

restricted by a property qualification.• Opposed to special privilege of any kind

freedom of opportunity for all.RI becomes known as the “Sewer” because it is seen by the Puritans as a dumping ground for unbelievers and religious dissenters More liberal than any other colony!

Rhode Island

Intelligent, strong-willed,well-spoken woman.Threatened patriarchal control.Antinomialism [direct revelation] Means “against the law.” Carried to logical extremes

Puritan doctrine of predestination.

Holy life was no sure sign of salvation. Truly saved didn’t need to obey the law of

either God or man.

Puritan “Rebels”

AnneHutchinson

1638 she confounded the Puritan leaders for days.Eventually bragged that she had received her beliefs DIRECTLY from God.Direct revelation was even more serious than the heresy of antinomianism. WHY??Puritan leaders banished her she & her family traveled to RI and later to NY. She and all but one member of her family

were killed in an Indian attack in Westchester County.

John Winthrop saw God’s hand in this!

Anne Hutchinson’s Trial

New England Spreads Out

New England Spreads Out

Population of the New England Colonies

Population Comparisons:New England v. the

Chesapeake

• Why did they call themselves Separatists and Pilgrims?– They wanted to separate from the Anglican

Church of England, and the Catholic Church in Europe.

– They took a religious trip to New England to set up a new way of worship in the new world.

New England (Review)

• Why did they call themselves Puritans?– They wanted to purify the Christian church

STRICTLY according to the bible.

New England (Review)

• #7 What is the significance of the Mayflower Compact, and the House of Burgesses?– The Mayflower Compact sets up a precedent of

direct democracy in New England which is still used today in New England town meetings, and some of our local elections.

– The House of Burgesses set a precedent of representative democracy in the new world which we still use today when we elect a new congress.

New England

Middle Colonies

• #8 Explain why the Dutch surrendered New Netherlands, what England renamed it and why, plus what other Colonies did the English add to the Middle Colony area?– They didn’t really have a choice because the local

colonist were upset with the Dutch rule, and the English were much more powerful

– New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware

Middle Colonies

Company town run in interests of the stockholders.No interest in religious toleration, free speech, or democracy.Governors appointed by the Company were autocratic.Religious dissenters against Dutch Reformed Church [including Quakers] were persecuted.Local assembly with limited power to make laws established after repeated protests by colonists.

New Amsterdam Harbor, 1639

New Netherlands Becomes a British Royal

ColonyCharles II granted New Netherland’s land to his brother, the Duke of York, [before he controlled the area!]1664 English soldiers arrived. Dutch had little ammunition and poor

defenses. Stuyvesant forced to surrender without

firing a shot.Renamed “New York” England gained strategic harbor between

her northern & southern colonies. England now controlled the Atlantic

coast!

Duke of York’s Original Charter

New Amsterdam, 1664

Dutch Residue in New York

Early 20c Dutch Revival Building in NYC.

New York Cityseal.

Names Harlem, BrooklynArchitecture gambrel roofCustoms Easter eggs, Santa Claus, waffles, bowling, sleighing, skating, kolf [golf].

• #9 Describe the financial agreement that William Penn and King Charles II made that started the Pennsylvania colony.– King Charles II owed Penn’s father a large sum of

money which he didn’t have.• He offered Penn colonial land west of New York.

– Penn took it and named it after his father and the fact that it was so wooded.» Penn’s woods = Pennsylvania

Middle Colonies

Royal Land Grant to Penn

• #10 Why did Penn want to start a colony for Quakers, and describe how the following 3 items helped Pennsylvania become a successful colony:– He wanted to start one for Quakers because they

were being persecuted in Europe.• Thrown in jail even.• CONT. ON NEXT SLIDE….

Middle Colonies

• #10 CONT….. Why did Penn want to start a colony for Quakers, and describe how the following 3 items helped Pennsylvania become a successful colony:– Native Americans

• Paid them for land, wow what a concept huh?– Settler Farmers

• Cheap affordable prices for land– Other Christian Protestant Faiths

• Allowed all Christian faiths to come and practice their religion free of persecution.

– These policies made Pennsylvania very successful

Middle Colonies

Penn & Native Americans

Bought [didn’t simply take] land from Indians.Quakers went among the Indians unarmed.BUT…….. non-Quaker Europeans flooded PA Treated native peoples

poorly. This undermined the actions

of the Quakers!

Penn’s Treaty with theNative Americans

Government of Pennsylvania

Representative assembly elected by landowners.No tax-supported church.Freedom of worship guaranteed to all.Forced to deny right to vote & hold office to Catholics & Jews by English govt.Death penalty only for treason & murder. Compared to 200 capital crimes in

England!

Pennsylvanian SocietyAttracted many different people Religious misfits from other colonies. Many different ethnic groups.

No provision for military defense.No restrictions on immigration.No slavery!!“Blue Laws” [sumptuary laws] against stage plays, cards, dice, excessive hilarity, etc.

A society that gave its citizens economic opportunity, civil liberty, & religious freedom!!

Philadelphia & Boston Compared

Urban Population Growth

1650 - 1775

The QuakersCalled Quakers because they “quaked” during intense religious practices.They offended religious & secular leaders in England. Refused to pay taxes to support the Church

of England. They met without paid clergy Believed all were children of God refused

to treat the upper classes with deference. Keep hats on. Addressed them as commoners

”thees”/“thous.” Wouldn’t take oaths. Pacifists.

Penn’s Treaty with theNative Americans

Government of Pennsylvania

Representative assembly elected by landowners.No tax-supported church.Freedom of worship guaranteed to all.Forced to deny right to vote & hold office to Catholics & Jews by English govt.Death penalty only for treason & murder. Compared to 200 capital crimes in

England!

Pennsylvanian SocietyAttracted many different people Religious misfits from other colonies. Many different ethnic groups.

No provision for military defense.No restrictions on immigration.No slavery!!“Blue Laws” [sumptuary laws] against stage plays, cards, dice, excessive hilarity, etc.

A society that gave its citizens economic opportunity, civil liberty, & religious freedom!!

Delaware — PA’s Neighbor

Named after Lord De La Warr [harsh military governor of VA in 1610].Closely associated with Penn’s colony.1703 granted its own assembly.Remained under the control of PA until the American Revolution.

Urban Population Growth

1650 - 1775

• #11 Who are the Quakers, why were people putting them in jail, what connection do they have to this area? What are the New England Colonies, what religions were they, and what about Maine? What are the Middle Colonies, and what religions were they? What are the Southern Colonies, and what religion were they?– The middle colonies are New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania,

and Delaware– The Southern Colonies are Maryland, North Carolina, South

Carolina, Virginia, and Georgia

Middle Colonies

The Carolinas

The West Indies Way Station to Mainland

America1670 a group of small English farmers from the West Indies arrived in Carolina. Were squeezed out by sugar barons. Brought a few black slaves and a model

of the Barbados slave code with them.Names for King Charles II.The King granted Carolina to 8 supporters [Lord Proprietors]. They hoped to use Carolina to supply

their plantations in Barbados with food and export wine, silk, and olive oil to Europe.

Settling the “Lower South”

Colonizing the CarolinasCarolina developed close economic ties to the West Indies. Many Carolinian settlers were originally

from the West Indies. They used local Savannah Indians to

enslave other Indians [about 10,000] and send them to the West Indies [and some to New England].

1707 Savannah Indians decided to migrate to PA. PA promised better relations with whites. Carolinians decided to “thin” the

Savannahs before they could leave bloody raids killed most of them by 1710.

Port of Charles Town, SC

Also named for King Charles II of England.Became the busiest port in the South.City with aristocratic feel.Religious toleration attracted diverse inhabitants.

The primary export.Rice was still an exotic food in England. Was grown in Africa,

so planters imported West African slaves.

These slaves had a genetic trait that made them immune to malaria.

By 1710 black slaves were a majority in Carolina.

Crops of the Carolinas: Rice

American Long Grain Rice

Crops of theCarolinas:

IndigoIn colonial times, the main use for indigo was as a dye for spun cotton threads that were woven into cloth for clothes.Today in the US, the main use for indigo is a dye for cotton work clothes & blue jeans.

Rice & Indigo Exportsfrom SC & GA: 1698-

1775

Conflict With Spanish Florida

Catholic Spain hated the mass of Protestants on their borders.Anglo-Spanish Wars The Spanish conducted border raids

on Carolina. Either inciting local Native Americans

to attack or attacking themselves.By 1700 Carolina was too strong to be wiped out by the Spanish!

The Emergence of North CarolinaNorthern part of Carolina shared a

border with VA VA dominated by aristocratic planters

who were generally Church of England members.

Dissenters from VA moved south to northern Carolina.

Poor farmers with little need for slaves. Religious dissenters.

Distinctive traits of North Carolinians Irreligious & hospitable to pirates. Strong spirit of resistance to authority.

1712 NC officially separated from SC.

Georgia

18c Southern Colonies

Late-Coming Georgia

Founded in 1733.Last of the 13 colonies.Named in honor of King George II.Founded by James Oglethorpe.

Georgia--The “Buffer” ColonyChief Purpose of Creating Georgia:

As a “buffer” between the valuable Carolinas & Spanish Florida & French Louisiana.

Received subsidies from British govt. to offset costs of defense.

Export silk and wine. A haven for debtors

thrown in to prison.Determined to keep slavery out! Slavery found in GA

by 1750.

The Port City of Savannah

Diverse community. All Christians except Catholics enjoyed

religious toleration.Missionaries worked among debtors and Indians most famous was John Wesley.

Colonial Timeline Part 1

Colonial Timeline Part 2