NOTES#2

InternalAnatomy&SystemsofArthropods

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WhyShouldICareAboutArthropods?• HorseshoeCrabshaveblueblood,whichcansaveyourlife!• Theirbloodisbluebecauseitcontainscopper-basedcells(calledamebocytes)• Thesecellsarepartofthecrab’simmunesystemresponse,andidentifyandtraptoxinsthatthreatenthecrab

Informationonthisslideobtainedfrom:http://www.cnn.com/2014/09/04/health/this-crabs-blood-could-save-your-life/

•Thesecellssosensitivethattheycoulddetectagrainofsandsizedtoxininaswimmingpool

•Today,allvaccinesandmedicalequipmentusedtotreathumansarerequiredtopassthe“HorseshoeCrabbloodtest”beforetheFDAwillapprovethemformedicaluse

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LearningObjectives&QuestionAgenda

•WhataretherolesofArthropodbodysystems(Respiratory,Circulatory,andExcretory)?

•HowdoArthropodseat?

•HowdoArthropodsmove?

•HowdoArthropodsrespondtostimuli?

•HowdoArthropodsreproduce?C.S.

ArthropodBodySystems• RespiratorySystem• Responsibleforobtainingoxygen• Aquaticarthropodshavegills,whileterrestrialarthropodshavetrachealtubesorbooklungs• Gillsandbooklungshaveveryhighsurfaceareatomaximizeoxygenobtainment

• CirculatorySystem• Responsiblefordeliveringnutrientstocellsandremovingcellwastes

• ExcretorySystem• Malpighiantubesareresponsiblefor

removingwastesfromthebody• *NotallArthropodshavethese

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ArthropodResponsetoStimuli- Vision• “MostArthropodshaveonepairoflargecompoundeyes”• Compound,meansthateacheyeconsistsofmanyindividualvisualunits.Theirbrainsuseeachindividualimageandpiecethemtogether,likeapuzzle,intoamorecompleximage.(McGraw-HillEducation,2017)

• Grasshoppershave5eyes:• Onepair(=2eyes)ofcompoundeyeswhichhelpsthemseetheenvironment• 3simpleeyeswhichcandetectthepresence/absenceoflight

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ArthropodResponsetoStimuli– Hearing&Chemicals

•Hearing•Manyarthropodshaveatympanum =“aflatmembraneusedforhearing”(McGraw-Hill,2017)

• Thetympanumvibratesassoundwavespassoverit

•Chemicals•Pheromones arechemicalsusedforsignaling&communication•Differentsignalfordifferentpurposes(e.g.feedingvs.mating)

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ArthropodResponsetoStimuli– Movement&Reproduction•Movement

•Anarthropod’smusclesareattachedtotheinsideofitsexoskeleton• Thisisdifferent thanhumans;ourmusclesareattachedtobone

•Reproduction•Mostreproducesexually•Mostspecieshavetwosexes(male&female),butsomearehermaphroditic

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ReferencesAntImage:http://www.gardenmandy.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/how-to-kill-ants-in-house.jpg

ArthropodGillandBooklungImage:McGrawHillEducation.(2017).Biology.Pg.766.

ArthropodMuscleImage:http://www.jayreimer.com/TEXTBOOK/ebook/products/0-13-115516-4/sb4043f1.png

BicepImage:http://img.webmd.com/dtmcms/live/webmd/consumer_assets/site_images/articles/image_article_collections/anatomy_pages/493x335_bicep.jpg?resize=646px:*&output-quality=100

CopperPennyImage:http://www.atticmag.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/dec-clr-copper3-435.jpg

GrasshopperEyeImage:https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Polistes_ocelli.jpg/220px-Polistes_ocelli.jpg

HorseshoeCrabbloodImage:http://img.izismile.com/img/img4/20110816/640/amazing_horseshoe_crabs_with_blue_blood_640_20.jpg

MosquitoCompoundEyeImage:McGrawHillEducation.(2017).Biology.Pg.768.C.S.