Notes

Notes to Chapter 1: Introduction

1. C. Dickens, Bleak House (London, 1896 edition) Ch. xxx. Household Words, 8 November 1851, p. 145. P. Collins, Dickens and Education (Lon­don, 1963) pp. 124ff. R. Symonds, Far above Rubies (Leominster, 1993) p. 109.

2. A. Trollope, Is He Popinjoyl World Classics edition (Oxford, 1986) Ch. xvn and Appendix ix. V. Glendinning, Trollope (London, 1992) pp. 325, 480 and passim.

3. A. Woods, George Meredith: Champion of Women and of Progressive Edu­cation (Oxford, 1937) pp. vii, 19, 22, 25, 79.

4. M. Millgate, Thomas Hardy: A Biography (Oxford, 1982) pp. 192, 357, 369. R. Sumner, Thomas Hardy: Psychological Novelist (London, 1981) p. 190.

5. G. B. Shaw, The Quintessence of Ibsenism (London, 1896) pp. 4Iff. R. Weintraub (ed.), Fabian Feminists: Bernard Shaw and Women (Univer­sity of Pennsylvania, 1977) pp. 2-10. S. Strauss, Traitors to the Masculine Cause (London, 1982) pp. 156-60. G. B. Shaw, Major Barbara (London, 1905); Mrs Warren's Profession (London, 1925); Press Cuttings (London, 1926).

6. H. G. Wells, Ann Veronica (London, 1909). 7. J. A. Froude, Life of Carlyle, ed. S. Clubbe (London, 1979) p. 10. T. Car­

lyle, French Revolution (London, 1902 edn) vol. n, p. 58; vol. in, p. 245. 8. J. Ruskin, Works, ed. E. T. Cook and A. Wedderburn (1905) vol. 34,

p. 499; vol. 18, p. 123; vol. 23, p. 332; vol. 27, p. 619. 9. T. H. Huxley, Life and Letters (London, 1900) vol. i, pp. 38, 212, 417; Lay

Sermons (London, 1870) p. 27 (originally published 1865 in The Reader). 10. A. Tennyson, Works (London, 1891) pp. 165ff. J. Killham, Tennyson and

'The Princess' (London, 1958) passim. W. C. Gordon, Social Ideals of Tennyson (London, 1906) pp. 74ff. Stopford Brooke, Tennyson (London, 1910) p. 164. M. Thorn, Tennyson (London, 1992) p. 20.

11. Stopford Brooke, The Poetry of Robert Browning (London, 1902) chs xm and xiv.

Notes to Chapter 2: John Stuart Mill Raises the Standard

1. J. S. Mill, Dissertations and Discussions (London, 1859) vol. n, p. 411, 'The Enfranchisement of Women'.

2. F. A. Hayek, /. S. Mill and Harriet Taylor (London, 1951) p. 26. 3. M. St J. Packe, Life ofJ. S. Mill (London, 1954) p. 110. 4. Thomas Carlyle, Reminiscences (London, 1881) vol. n, p. 177. Packe,

LifeofJ.S.Milkp. 180.

189

190 Notes

5. Packe, Life ofJ. S. Mill, p. 403. 6. Ibid., p. 180. 7. Hayek, ./. S. Mill and Harriet Taylor, p. 17. 8. Packe, Life ofJ S. Mill, p. 56. 9. Ibid., p. 125.

10. Ibid., p. 317. 11. Mill, Dissertations, vol. n, pp. 411 ff. 12. Hansard, Parliamentary Debates, 20 June 1866, cols 817-29, speech by

J. S. Mill. 13. Ibid., cols 830ff. 14. Hansard, Parliamentary Debates, 27 April 1866, col. 99, speech by B. Dis­

raeli. 15. Packe, Life ofJ S. Mill, p. 501. 16. J. S. Mill, Autobiography (1924 edition) p. 185. 17. J. S. Mill, The Subjection of Women (London, 1878 edition). 18. Packe, Life of J S. Mill, p. 495. A. Bain, John Stuart Mill: A Criticism

(London, 1882) pp. 130-2. Frederic Harrison, Tennyson, Ruskin, Mill (London, 1899) p. 310.

19. T. Martin, Queen Victoria as I Knew Her (London, 1908) p. 69. 20. The Times, London, 10 May 1873. 21. J. Morley, Life of W. E. Gladstone (London, 1904) vol. 2, p. 543. W. D.

Christie, ./. S. Mill and Mr Abraham Hay ward Q. C. (London, 1873).

Notes to Chapter 3: The Allies of Josephine Butler

1. Josephine Butler, Personal Reminiscences of a Great Crusade (London, 1896) p. 20.

2. See R. Symonds, Alternative Saints: The Post-Reformation People Com­memorated by the Church of England (London, 1988) p. 8.

3. Josephine Butler, Recollections of George Butler (London, 1892) pp. 19, 64, 65.

4. Josephine Butler, An Autobiographical Memoir (Bristol, 1904) p. 15. 5. Butler, Recollections, p. 57; E. Moberly Bell, Josephine Butler (London,

1962) p. 28. 6. Josephine Butler (ed.), Women's Work and Women's Culture (London

1869) Introduction. 7. Ibid., pp. 49ff. 8. Butler, Recollections, pp. 219-20. 9. Ibid., p. 230.

10. Ibid., pp. 240, 245. 11. Ibid., p. 248. 12. Ibid., p. 257. 13. Ibid., p. 384. 14. Ibid., pp. 483, 215. 15. W. T. Stead, Josephine Butler: A Life Sketch', Josephine Butler, Autobio­

graphical Memoir (Bristol, 1911) p. 34. 16. Butler, Autobiographical Memoir, p. 35.

Notes 191

17. H. Temperley, British Antislaveiy (London, 1972) pp. 88ff. 18. J. L. and Barbara Hammond, James Stansfeld: A Victorian Champion of

Sex Equality (London, 1932) p. 286. 19. Dictionary of National Biography (DNB), vol. I, p. 654, W. T. Ashurst. 20. Anon., Memorable Unitarians (London, 1906) p. 310. 21. The Times, London, 18 February 1898. 22. Hammond, James Stansfeld, p. 41. 23. Ibid., p. 189. 24. G. Petrie, A Singular Iniquity: The Campaigns of Josephine Butler (Lon­

don, 1971) p. 149. 25. Hammond, James Stansfeld, p. 191. 26. Ibid., p. 203. 27. Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 23 Jan 1875, cols 409-14. 28. Report of the Select Committee of the House of Commons on the Conta­

gious Diseases Acts, Parliamentary Papers 1881, ix. The minority report is included.

29. Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 20 April 1883, cols 764ff. 30. Ibid., cols 823, 840. 31. J. A. Spender, Life of Sir H. Campbell Bannerman (1923) vol. l ,p. 105. 32. Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 16 March 1886, cols 981 ff. 33. Ibid., p. 287. 34. Ibid., p. 288. 35. Ibid., p. 292. 36. Ibid., p. vii; M. Fawcett and E. M. Turner, Josephine Butler (London,

1927) Preface. 37. F. Whyte, Life of W. T Stead (London, 1925) vol. l ,p. 100. 38. Report of Select Committee of House of Lords Relating to Protection of

Young Girls, Parliamentary Papers, Sessional Papers, 1882, vol. vn. 39. Whyte, Life of W. L Stead, vol. i, p. 160. 40. Hansard, Parliamentary Debates, 22 May 1885, cols 1175ff. 41. All the quotations in the previous three paragraphs are from the Pall

Mall Gazette, London, 6, 7, 8, 9 July and 11 November 1885. 42. Hansard, Parliamentary Debates, 6 August 1885, cols 1409ff. 43. Petrie,/! Singular In iquity, p. 25 6. 44. Moral Reform Union, London 1885, Speech by Mr W. T. Stead at the

Central Criminal Court. 45. W. T. Stead, My First Imprisonment (London, 1886); and Whyte, Life of

W. T. Stead, vof. l ,p. 207. 46. Whyte, Life of W. T Stead, p. 314.

Notes to Chapter 4: Emancipation through Birth Control

1. P. Fryer, The Birth Controllers (London, 1965) pp. 3Iff. Richard Symonds and Michael Carder, The United Nations and the Population Question (London, 1973) p. 22.

2. N. Himes, Place on Population Control (London, 1930). Fryer, 777c Birth Controllers, pp. 64ff.

192 Notes

3. Fryer, The Birth Controllers, p. 76. G. A. Aldred, Richard Carlile, Agitator (London, 1923).

4. R. W. Leopold, Robert Dale Owen: Radical Reformer (London, 1940). Fryer, The Birth Controllers, p. 92.

5. New England Quarterly, vol. vi (1933) p. 470. Fryer, The Birth Controllers, p. 99.

6. G. Drysdale, Physical, Sexual and Natural Religion (later called Elements of Social Science) (London, 1855). Fryer, The Birth Controllers, p. 111.

7. A. H. Nethercot, The First Five Lives of Annie Besant (Chicago, 1960) pp. 107ff.

8. Fryer, op.cit., p. 169. 9. Bertrand and Patricia Russell, Amberley Papers (1937) vol. n, p. 171.

10. Fryer, The Birth Controllers, p. 116. 11. Himes, Place on Population Control, p. 256. Dr H. A. Allbutt, The Wives'

Handbook (London, 1883). 12. Fryer, The Birth Controllers, p. 130. 13. Nineteenth Century and After (1900) vol. 59, p. 80. Fryer, The Birth Con­

trollers, p. 181. 14. 'The Declining Birthrate', Report of the Commission of Enquiry set up

by the National Council of Public Morals (London, 1916) p. 242. 15. Ibid., p. 273. 16. Ibid., p. 371. S. Szrecer, Fertility and Gender in Britain, 1860-1940 (Cam­

bridge, 1996) pp. 367ff. 17. A. MacLaren, Birth Control in 19th Century England (London, 1978)

p. 56. DNB article, Richard Carlile. 18. Fortnightly Review, March 1888, p. 119. 19. The Times, 21 October 1905, p. 14, col. 5. 20. The Six Lambeth Conferences, 1867-1920 (London, 1929), 1908 Confer­

ence, pp. 310, 327, 342-99. 21. Ibid., 1920 Conference, p. 44, 112. 22. F. Watson, Dawson of Penn (London, 1951) p. 55 and passim. 23. Ibid., p. 159. 24. Lord Dawson of Penn, Love, Marriage and Birth Control, Speech Deliv­

ered at the Church Congress in Birmingham (London, 1922). 25. Fryer, The Birth Controllers, p. 245. 26. Dawson, Love, Marriage and Birth Control, Introduction. 27. The Times, 11 January 1922, p. 7. 28. Lambeth Conferences, (1867-1930) (London, 1968) p. 164. 29. G. L. Prestige, Life of Charles Gore (London, 1935) pp. 515, 517. 30. Bishop A. A. David and Bishop M. B. Furse, Marriage and Birth Control

(London, 1932) p. 30. 31. Hansard, House of Lord's Debates, vol. 90, 13 February 1934, col. 818. 32. David and Furse, Marriage and Birth Control, pp. 13, 27. 33. Lambeth Conference - What the Bishops said about Marriage (London:

SPCK, 1968). 34. Fryer, The Birth Controllers, p. 249. 35. Himes, Place on Population Control, p. 286. 36. Fryer, The Birth Controllers, p. 117. 37. Ibid., p. 197.

Notes 193

38. D. M. Kennedy, Birth Control in America: The Career of Margaret Sanger (Yale, 1970) p. 80.

39. Fryer, The Birth Controllers, pp. 216, 219. 40. Kennedy, Birth Control in America, pp. 218ff. 41. Ibid., pp. 98, 193. 42. June Rose, Marie Stopes and the Sexual Revolution (London, 1992)

pp. 21 Off.

Notes to Chapter 5: Gandhi and Liberation through the Freedom Movement

1. Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi (hereafter CWMG), vol. xxxv (1927) p. 44, Public Meeting, Paganeri.

2. Mira Behn, The Spirit's Pilgrimage (London, 1960) p. 200. 3. CWMG, vol. xiv (1907) p. 26, speech at Gujerati Educational Confer­

ence. G. Forbes, 'The Politics of Respectability', in D. A. Low (ed.), The Indian National Congress (Bombay: Oxford University Press, 1988) p. 64.

4. B. R. Nanda, Gandhi and His Critics (Delhi, 1985) p. 39. 5. CWMG, vol. xiv (1917) p. 14, speech to Gujerati Political Conference. 6. CWMG, vol. xxu (1922) p. 181, article in Navajivan. 7. M. Kishwar, 'Gandhi on Women', Economic and Political Weekly (Bom­

bay) vol. 20, no. 40 (1985). 8. G. Minault, The Extended Family (Delhi, 1981) p. 185. Also CWMG,

vol. XL (1929) p. 417, article in Young India. 9. J. Nehru, Discovery of India (London, 1945) p. 23.

10. CWMG, vol. xxxin (1927) p. 333, letter to Ashram Women. 11. V. L. Pandit, The Scope of Happiness (London, 1979) pp. 110, 171. 12. CWMG, vol. xvn (1920) p. 49, speech at Meeting of Mill Hands,

Ahmedabad. 13. CWMG, vol. XLVIII (1931) p. 79, interview with Daily Herald. 14. P. Joshi, Gandhi on Women (New Delhi, 1988) p. 317. 15. CWMG, vol. xxiv (1924) p. 498, speech at National Education Confer­

ence; and vol. xxxiv (1927) p. 384, letter to Anandibai. 16. CWMG, vol. xvn (1920) p. 536, speech to students at Satyagraha

Ashram; and vol. xxvn (1925) p. 151, article in Navajivan. 17. CWMG, vol. LVIII (1931) p. 311, speech at meeting of Women's Indian

Council, London. 18. CWMG, vol. LXXV (1941) p. 155, The Constructive Programme'. 19. CWMG, vol. IXVIII (1939) p. 312, interview with representatives of

municipalities. 20. CWMG, vol. LXVIII (1939) p. 312, interview with representatives of

municipalities; vol. xxu (1922) p. 188, 'My Notes'. 21. S. Natarajan, A Century of Social Reform in India (Bombay, 1959) p. 147. 22. CWMG, vol. LXII (1935) p. 156, 'Interview to Margaret Sanger'. 23. Foreword by Sarojini Naidu, in H. Polak et al., Mahatma Gandhi (Lon­

don, 1948). 24. V. S. Naravani, Sarojini Naidu (New Delhi, 1980), p. 66 and passim.

194 Notes

25. Mira Behn, The Spirit's Pilgrimage (London, 1960). Ved Mehta, Mahatma Gandhi and his Disciples (London, 1977).

26. M. K. Gandhi, The Story of My Experiments with Truth (Ahmedabad, 1927); and E. H. Erikson, Gandhi's Tmth (London, 1970) p. 121.

27. CWMG, vol. XLI (1929) p. 405, article 'Service to Women'. 28. CWMG, vol. xxxix (1929) p. 415, speech at DJS College, Karachi. 29. CWMG, vol. XL (1929) p. 417, article in Young India. 30. CWMG, vol. LXXVIII (1941) p. 236, discussion with Hindustani Talimi

Sangh.

Notes to Chapter 6: Education

1. Sydney Smith, Selected Writings (London, 1957) pp. 271—81; Gillian Suther­land, 'The Plainest Principles of Justice', in F. M. C. Thompson (ed.), The University of London and the World ofLearning (London, 1990).

2. R. G. Grylls, Queen's College, 1848-1948 (London, 1948) p. vii. 3. E. Kaye, History of Queen's College (London, 1972) p. 11. 4. F. McLain, F. D. Maurice: A Study (Cowley, 1982) p. 32. 5. F. Maurice, Life ofF. D. Maurice (London, 1884) vol. i, pp. 57ff. 6. Ibid., vol. n, p. 32. 7. Maurice's inaugural address is contained in A. Tweedle, The First College

for Women (London, ND). 8. Grylls, Queen's College, p. 28. Kaye, History of Queen 's College, p. 182. 9. McClain, F. D. Maurice, p. 47.

10. Ibid., p. 52. 11. Maurice, Life, p. 641. 12. Lady Eastlake, Mrs Grote: A Sketch (London, 1880) p. 43. 13. George Grote, Minor Works (London, 1873) p. 162. N. B. Harte, The

Admission of Women to University College, London, Centenary Lecture (London, 1979) p. 5.

14. Harte, The Admission of Women, p. 9 and passim. H. S. Solly, Life of Pro­fessor Henry Morley (London, 1898) p. 308 and passim.

15. A. Harrison-Barbet, Thomas Holloway: Victorian Philanthropist (Royal Holloway College, 1994) p. 58.

16. Ibid., pp. 50, 52. 17. Ibid., pp. 54ff. 18. C. Bingham, History of Royal Holloway College (London, 1987) p. 22. 19. Harrison-Barbet, Thomas Holloway, p. 90. 20. Bingham, History of Royal Holloway College, p. 59. 21. Ibid., pp. 73,91. 22. J. Bryce, Studies in Contemporary Biography (London, 1903) p. 328. 23. R. McWilliams-Tullberg, Women at Cambridge (London, 1975) pp. 38-9.

D. Bennett, Emily Davies and the Liberation of Women (London, 1990) passim.

24. R. Skidelsky, Interests and Obsessions (London, 1993) pp. 3ff. 25. A. Sidgwick and E. M. Sidgwick, Henry Sidgwick: A Memoir (London,

1906) p. 189.

Notes 195

26. McWilliams-Tullberg, Women at Cambridge, p. 49. 27. E. Sidgwick, Mrs Henry Sidgwick (London, 1938) p. 40. 28. A. and E. M. Sidgwick, Henry Sidgwick: A Memoir, p. 59. 29. Ibid., pp. 226, 268, 250. University Degrees for Women, Report of Confer­

ence on Royal Holloway College, December 1897, p. 33. 30. E. Sidgwick, Mrs Henry Sidgwick, pp. 52, 119. 31. Ibid., p. 123. A. and E. M. Sidgwick, Henry Sidgwick: A Memoir, pp. 544ff. 32. E. Sidgwick, Mrs Henry Sidgwick, p. 252. 33. A. and E. M. Sidgwick, Henry Sidgwick: A Memoir, p. 199. 34. E. Sidgwick, Mrs Henry Sidgwick, p. 153. 35. McWilliams-Tullberg, Women at Cambridge, pp. 155ff. 36. E. Wordsworth, Glimpses of the Past (London, 1913). P. Adams, Somer­

ville for Women (Oxford, 1996). G. Stephenson, Edward Stuart Talbot (London, 1936).

37. S. Fletcher, Feminists and Bureaucrats (Cambridge, 1980) p. 40 and pas­sim.

38. J. A. K. Thompson and A. Toynbee, Essays in Honour of Gilbert Munay (London, 1936) p. 49.

Notes to Chapter 7: Medicine

1. E. Blackwell, Pioneer Work for Women (London, 1914 edition) p. 21. 2. Ibid., p. 28. 3. Ibid., p. 53. 4. Ibid., p. 233. 5. Blackwell, Pioneer Work for Women, p. 145. 6. Ibid., p. 196. M. S. Fancourt, They Dared to be Doctors (London, 1965)

p. 126. 7. J. Manton, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson (London, 1965) p. 351. 8. Ibid., pp. 112, 114. 9. Ibid., p. 120.

10. Ibid., p. 130. 11. British Medical Journal, 22 November 1862. 12. Manton, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, p. 147. 13. Ibid., p. 163. 14. Ibid., p. 255. 15. Ibid., p. 291. 16. L. G. Anderson, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson (London, 1939) p. 182. Man-

ton, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, p. 147. 17. S. Roberts, Sophia Jex-Blake (London, 1993) pp. 22, 61. 18. M. Todd, The Life of Sophia Jex-Blake (London, 1918) p. 299. 19. Roberts, Sophia Jex-Blake, pp. 138-9; J91-108. 20. C. Reade, A Woman Hater (London, 1877) vol. in, pp. 273ff, and passim.

M. Elwin, Charles Reade (London, 1931). 21. Elwin, Charles Reade, p. 321. 22. Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 12 June 1874, cols 1526ff. 23. Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 3 March 1875, cols 1123ff.

196 Notes

24. Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 5 July 1876, cols 1003ff. 25. J. B. Atlay, Sir Henry Wentworth Acland (London, 1903). 26. H. W. Acland, 'Medical Education for Women', letter of 25 April 1870 to

The Times, printed privately (Bodleian Library, Oxford). 27. The relevant debates and resolutions are in the minutes of the Medical

Council, London, 1875 and 1876. 28. Roberts, Sophia Jex-Blake, pp. 143-5; Catriona Blake, The Charge of the

Parasols: Women's Entry to the Medical Profession (London, 1990) p. 188 and passim.

29. Roberts, Sophia Jex-Blake, p. 159. 30. M. Scharlieb, Reminiscences (London, 1924) p. 90. 31. Life of Sir Robert Christison, edited by his sons (1886) vol. 2, p. 43. 32. R. B. Fisher, Joseph Lister (London, 1977) p. 189 and passim. 33. J. Duns, Memoir ofSir James Simpson (Edinburgh, 1873). 34. Life of Sir R. Christison, op. cit., vol. 11, pp. 43-50. 35. Sir James Paget, Memoirs and Letters (London, 1903) p. 298. 36. Blake, Charge of the Parasols, p. 172 and passim. 37. D. Masson, Lecture to Edinburgh Ladies' Education Association (Edin­

burgh, 1868). 38. H. E. Graham, Literary and Historical Essays (London, 1908) p. 219. 39. G. Travers, Life of Sophia Jex-Blake (London, 1908) p. 303. 40. J. Stansfeld, 'Medical Women', in Nineteenth Century, July 1877. Catriona

Blake's, The Charge of the Parasols is a useful overall account of the cam­paign.

41. J. Dennison, Midwives and Medical Men (London, 1977) is the source for this section.

Notes to Chapter 8: Religion

1. E. Isichei, Victorian Quakers (Oxford, 1970) pp. 102-10 and passim. J. Butler, Reminiscences of a Great Crusade (London, 1896) pp. 20, 60-3. H. Ausobel, John Bright: Victorian Reformer (London, 1966) p. 195. K. Robbins, John Bright (London, 1979) p. 214. The Friend, 1914, accounts of sessions of Meeting for Sufferings, Friends House, London.

2. R. F. Watts, 'The Unitarian Contribution to Female Education in the 19th Century', unpublished thesis, Manchester College, Oxford (1981) p. 46. K. Gleadle, Early Feminists, Radical Utilitarians and the Emergence of Women's Rights (London, 1995) p. 28.

3. Gleadle, Early Feminists, p. 28. 4. S. K. Ratcliffe, The Story of South Place (London, 1955) p. 18. William

Johnson Fox, Collected Works, vol. vi (London, 1867) p. 180. Ibid., vol. v (1866) p. 283.

5. Ibid., vol. vi (1867) p. 164. 6. M. J. Shaen, William Shaen (London, 1912) pp. 8, 15, 56 and 87. 7. Bramwell Booth, Echoes and Memories (London, 1926) p. 172. 8. H. Begbie, Life of William Booth (London, 1920) vol. 1, p. 27.

Notes 197

9. Bramwell Booth, Echoes and Memories, p. 166. F. de L. Booth-Tucker, Life of Catherine Booth (London, 1893) vol. 1, p. 359.

10. Anon., Twenty-One Years of the Salvation Army (London: Salvation Army, 1887) p. 105.

11. Orders and Regulations for Field Officers (Salvation Army, 1886) Preface. Ibid. (1900 edition) p. 294.

12. St John Irvine, God's Soldier (London, 1934) vol. i, p. 608; vol. n, p. 962. 13. Major J. Fairbank, in The Officer, October 1988. Mrs Commissioner

Hodder, in The War Cry, 23 October 1993. 14. D. M. Paton, 'R.O.': The Life and Times of Bishop Ronald Hall of Hong

Kong (London, 1985) pp. xiii and 120. 15. Ibid., pp. xii and 15. 16. Ibid., pp. 42, 73. 17. Ibid., p. 125. 18. Ibid., pp. 127-30. 19. Ibid., p. 133. 20. Ibid., p. 136. 21. Ibid., p. 140. 22. Florence Tim Oi Li, Much Beloved Daughter (London, 1985) pp. 45ff. 23. Ibid., p. 114. 24. Paton, lR.0.\ p. 141. 25. J. G. H. Baker, Bishop Speaking (Hong Kong, 1981). Joyce Bennett,

Hasten Slowly (Chichester, 1991) pp. 13, 15. 26. R. Strachey, Millicent Garrett Fawcett (London, 1931) p. 88.

Notes to Chapter 9: Parliament and Suffrage

1. Leslie Stephen, Henry Fawcett (London, 1885). Hansard, House of Com­mons Debates, 20 March 1867, col. 835; 30 April 1872, col. 1239; 26 April 1876, col. 1711. H. Fawcett, Speeches (London, 1873) pp. 161ff.

2. Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 6 June 1877, col. 1114; 7 March 1879, col. 405; 6 July 1883, col. 1113; 18 February 1886, col. 689; 27 April 1892, col. 1454; 3 February 1897, col. 1330. L. Courtney, Cornish Granite (London, 1925).

3. Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 4 May 1870, col. 216; 2 March 1906, col. 1448. Sir Charles Dilke, Woman Suffrage and Electoral Reform (London, ND f? 1910]. D. Nicholls, The Lost Prime Minister-A Life of Sir-Charles Dilke (London, 1995).

4. Jacob Bright, Speeches (London, 1885) pp. 210 and 332. Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 30 April 1873, col. 1174; 26 April 1876, col. 1687; 6 June 1877, col. 1706; 6 July 1883, col. 454. E. Isichei, Victorian Quakers (Oxford, 1970) p. 109 and passim. Vanity Fair, 5 May 1877; Manchester Faces and Places, 1889, p. 181. Sylvia Pankhurst, The Suffragette Move­ment (London, 1931) passim. DNB, William Woodall.

5. Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 7 April 1884, col. 454; 12 June 1884, col. 106.

6. J. Lewes, Before the Suffrage was Won (London, 1987) p. 444.

198 Notes

7. Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 27 April 1892, col. 1501. H. A. L. Fisher, James Bryce (London, 1927) vol. i, p. 188; vol. n, p. 230.

8. Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 8 March 1907, col. 1110. 9. M. Thomson, David Lloyd George (London, ND) pp. 206, 221. J. Grigg,

Lloyd George (London, 1928) p. 298. 10. Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 6 May 1913, col. 1938. 11. F. Maurice, Haldane (London, 1937) p. 56. Hansard, House of Commons

Debates, 11 July 1910, col. 82. 12. J. Scheer, George Lansbury (Manchester, 1990) pp. 84, 86, 119, 124, 197. 13. J. Keir Hardie, From Serfdom to Socialism (London, 1907) pp. 6Iff.

W. Stewart,/. Keir Hardie (London, 1921). Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 24 January 1913, col. 1086.

14. Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 8 March 1907, col. 1133; 28 March 1912, col. 205; 5 May 1913, col. 1705.

15. Ibid., 27 April 1866, col. 99. 16. G. W. F. Russell, Portraits of the Seventies (London, 1916) p. 232.

K. Rose, The Later Cecils, (London, 1975) p. 27. 17. Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 6 May 1913, col. 1118; 28 March

1912, col. 664; 19 June 1917, col. 1735. 18. Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 27 April 1892, col. 1524;

K. \ oung, Arthur James Balfour (London, 1963) p. 320. 19. Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 24 June 1913, col. 882. 20. Ibid., 27 April 1892, col. 1505. 21. Ibid., 12 June 1884, col. 93. 22. Unpublished memoir by C. M. Woodhouse, Lytton Archives, Kneb-

worth. 23. Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 16 March 1904, col. 1361; 25 April

1906, col. 1365; 8 March 1907, col. 1157. 24. B. Harrison, Prudent Revolutionaries (Oxford, 1987) p. 223. 25. A Suffrage Annual and Woman's Who's Who (London: Women's Press,

1913). 26. M. Pugh, History Students' Pamphlets (London, 1982) p. 5.

Notes to Chapter 10: Breaking into the Professions

1. Pharmaceutical Journal and Transactions, 1872-3, pp. 268, 366-7, 480, 698-9, 936-41. S. W. F. Holloway, The Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain (London, 1991) pp. 254-64 and passim. The Individualist, March 1905, p. 18.

2. Pharmaceutical Journal, 25 January 1873, pp. 588-9. Holloway, The Royal Pharmaceutical Society, pp. 256-64.

3. Journal of Royal Institute of British Architects, 10 December 1898, p. 77; and 11 March 1899, p. 279. Lynne Walker, in J. Attfield and P. Markham (eds),/l View from the Interior: Women, Feminism and Design (London, 1989)pp.90ff.

4. C. M. Ford, Aleen Cust, Veterinary Surgeon (Bristol, 1990) passim. I. Pat­tison, The British Veterinary Profession (London, 1984) pp. 152-9.

Notes 199

5. Dental History, 23 November 1991, p. 325, article by E. M. Cohen and R. A. Cohen, 'The Autobiography of Lillian Lindsay'. Communication from Prof. Christine Hillam, University of London.

6. The Accountant, 9 June 1888, p. 365; 8 May 1909, pp. 587 and 645; 18 April 1914, p. 563; 26 October 1918, p. 229; 25 January 1919, p. 64; 10 May 1919, p. 398; 13 December 1919, p. 517.

7. Solicitors' Journal, 4 April 1914, p. 408; 14 September 1918, p. 782; 15 March 1919, p. 369; 5 April 1919, p. 403.

8. Ibid., 18 January 1919, p. 219; 5 April 1919, p. 414. 9. H. Martindale, Servants of the State (London, 1933) p. 16.

10. Quarterly Review, vol. 151 (January 1881) p. 186. Nineteenth Century, vol. 10 (September 1889) p. 364.

11. Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 5 August 1921, col. 1904. Martin­dale, Servants of the State, pp. 30, 40, 54, 6 Iff.

12. Martindale, Servants of the State, p. 64. D. Evans, Women and the Civil Service (London, 1934) p. 42.

13. Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 27 October 1919, col. 362; 5 August 1921, cols 1900 and 1913. Martindale, Servants of the State, p. 105.

14. S. G. Hutchinson, History of the Royal Academy (London, 1968) pp. 60, 138, 176, 198. D. Cherry, Painting Women (London, 1963) pp. 96, 236. Royal Academy Archives, Council Minutes, 11 November 1879; General Assembly Minutes, 6 January 1880; Annual Report of Council, 1879. J. G. MiUais, Life and Letters of Sir J. E. Milla is (London, 1899) vol. l,p. 147.

15. Communication from J. C. Dagnall of the Society of Chiropodists.

Notes to Chapter 11: Observations and Reflections

1. Hansard, Parliamentary Debates, 20 March 1856, cols 409ff; 3 March 1857, cols 169Iff. A. Horstman, Victorian Divorce (London, 1985) pas­sim.

2. L. Holcombe, Wives and Property (London, 1983) pp. 18, 210 and passim. 3. R. Symonds, Oxford and Empire (Oxford, 1991) p. 253. Gertrude Bell,

Letters, Vol. u, London, 1927, p. 686, 717. 4. W. P. Livingstone, Mary Slessor of Calabar (London, 1916) and subse­

quent biographies. 5. R. Kipling, The Day's Work (London, 1927) p. 194. 6. DNB,}. D. Bethune. 7. A. J. Broom hall, Hudson Taylor and China's Open Century (1981-9)

vol. iv, pp. 48, 351; vol. vn, p. 41. Peter Williams, 'The Missing Link', in F. Bowie et al. (eds), Women and Missions Past and Present (Oxford, 1993) pp. 43ff.

8. R. Symonds, Oxford and Empire (Oxford, 1991) pp. 216, 223. Bowie, Women and Missions, p. 66.

9. F. Engels, Origin of the Family (London, 1884). S. Strauss, Traitors to the Masculine Cause (London, 1982) p. 123.

10. R. Anderson, Educational Opportunities in Victorian Scotland (Oxford, 1983) p. 254.

Notes

F. P. Cobbe, Life (London, 1894) vol. n, p. 210. B. King, Life of Mazzini (London, 1929) p. 219. P. Grimshaw, Womens Suffrage in New Zealand (Auckland, 1972). There are biographies of all those mentioned. H. W. Nevinson, More Changes, More Chances (London, 1925) ch. 14. F. M. Leventhal, The Last Dissenter: H. N. Brailsford and his Worid (Oxford, 1985). Brian Harrison, Separate Spheres (London, 1978).

Index

Aberdeen University, 106 Acland, Sir Henry, 115-19, 122 accountants, 169 age of consent, 36 Aitchison, Professor, 165 Allbutt, H. A., 56, 60, 65 Amberley, Viscount, 52 Amery,L.S., 170, 179 Anderson, Elizabeth Garrett, 3, 5, 8,

25,29,43,86, 102, 104, 119, 123,165

and study of medicine, 105-12 Anderson, Skelton, 107-9 Anglo-Saxons, 124 Apostles Society, Cambridge, 14,

83, 92 Apothecaries, Society of, 25 architects, 164, 165 Argyll, George, 8th Duke, 30 Armstrong, Eliza, 48 Arnold, Matthew, 32 Ashurst, William, 38-9 Asquith, H. H., 141, 142, 150,

172,173 Association for Employment of

Women, 5 Association for Higher Education of

Women in Oxford, 98 Australia, 158, 167, 188 Austria, 115

Bain, Alexander, 28 Baker, Gilbert, Bishop, 140 Baldwin, Stanley, 176, 188 Balfour, A. J., 97, 142, 155-6, 158 Barnes, E. W., Bishop, 59 barristers, 170-1 Beale, Dorothea, 85 Beatty, T. A., 57 Becker, Lydia, 142 Bedford College, London, 7, 91,

92, 130 Beesley, E. S.,88,97 Begg, Faithful, 157

Belgium, prostitution in, 45 Bell, Gertrude, 179 Bell, Jacob, 162 Bentham, J., 20, 86 Bentinck, Lord William, 68 Bercsford-Hope, A. J. B., 114, 155 Besant, Annie, 54, 55, 68 Bethune,J. D., 181 Betjeman, John, 90 Birmingham University, 128 birth control, 16-17,51-66

in France, 51-2 in USA, 52,53,54

Bishop, Matilda, 91 Blackwell, Elizabeth, 8, 102-6, 115,

119,130 Blavatsky, Mme H. P., 68 Bleak House (Dickens), 6 Bloomer, Amelia, 7 Board of Trade, 169 Bodichon, Barbara Leigh Smith, 5,

103, 127, 178 Booth, Bramwell, General, 130-5 Booth, Catherine Mumford, 131-3 Booth, Evangeline, General, 134-5 Booth, William, General, 18, 124,

130-5 Boston (USA), 102, 109 Bowring, Sir George, 26 Bradlaugh, Charles, 26, 54, 55, 60, 65 Brailsford, H. N., 184-5 Bright, Jacob, 125, 141, 142, 147,

159, 187 Bright, John, 26, 38, 126, 141, 147, 159 Bright, Ursula, 148 British, Continental and General

Federation for Abolition of Government Regulation of Prostitution, 39

British Gynaecological Society, 57 British Empire, women's role in,

179-81 British Medical Association, 57, 123 British Medical Journal, 55, 106

201

202 Index

Brooke, Stopford, 85 Brougham, Henry, Lord, 16, 176-7 Browning, Elizabeth Barrett, 15 Browning, Robert, 15, 77 Bryce, James, Viscount, 91, 149, 187 Brydon, J. M., 165 Bunyan, John, 124 Burgon, J. W. Dean, 98 Buss, Frances, 85 Butler, Lady Elizabeth

Thompson, 174 Butler, George, Canon, 16, 31-7 Butler, Josephine, 16,31, 125, 183,

and age of consent, 44-50 and Contagious Diseases

Acts, 31-44 and women doctors, 107

Byrne, William, 167

Cairnes, S. E., 88 Cambridge University, 3, 5, 17, 18,

19,25,32,75,83,86,90,128, 144,157,161,185-7,188

and admission of women, 91-9, 105, 109

and missionaries, 182 Cambridge radicals, 144-7 see also Girton College; Newnham

College; Trinity College Campbell Bannerman, Sir Henry, 42,

43, 141, 149 Carlile, Richard, 52-3, 58, 65 Carlyle, Jane, 15 Carlyle, Thomas, 12, 22, 128 Carpenter, Mary, 29,127 Cavendish Bentinck, G. A. F., 42,

45, 46, 47, 48 Cecil, Lord Hugh, 155 Cecil, Lord Robert (Viscount Cecil),

155, 158,161,170 Chamberlain, Joseph, 159 Charles, Ethel, 164 Chartists, 128 Cheltenham Boys' College, 33 China, 136-40, 181 chiropody, 174 Chisholm, Caroline, 7 Christison, Sir Robert, 110, 118,

119,122

Church of England, 4, 18, 32, 36,90-1,124

and birth control, 51, 58-64 and women priests, 136-40 at Oxford, 97-8

Church Congress, 35, 61 Church Times, 138 Churchill, Winston, 143, 154, 159 Civil Disobedience Movement,

India, 70 Civil Service, 171-3 classics, study of, 185 Clough, Anne, 3, 94 Clough, Arthur, 93 Clubs, Gentlemen's, 19, 163, 175, 188 Cobbe, Frances Power, 5, 183 Coleridge, John, 1st Baron, 36 College of Surgeons, 113 Collings, Jesse, 123 Comstock, Anthony, 64-5 Comte, A., 149 Conciliation Committee, 143, 158 Congregationalists, 124 Congress, US,

and birth control, 64-5 Conservative Party, 18, 160

and women's franchise, 142-4, 154-8

Contagious Diseases Acts, 16, 29, 33-43, 125, 148-9

Conway, Moncure, 98 Courtney, Leonard, 142, 144-6 Cowper-Temple, William, 113, 114,

115,121 Cox, Sir Percy, 179 Cromer, Evelyn, 1st Earl, 179 Crook, G. B., 171 Cross, Sir Richard, 48 Crossley, H.W., 128 Crossley, Sir Richard, 48 Curzon, George, 1st Marquess, 98,

158,179,187 Cust, Aleen, 166-7

Dalhousie, James, 1st Marquess, 181 Dalhousie, John, 13th Earl, 45 Darling, Grace, 7 Darwin, Charles, 13, 111 David, A. A., Bishop, 63

Index 203

Davidson, Randall, Archbishop, 90 Davies, Emily, 3, 8, 29, 89, 92, 92, 108 Dawson of Penn, Bertrand, Viscount,

51,60-5,75 Day, George, Professor, 106 Deaconesses, 136 Deane, Elizabeth, 164 dentistry, 168 Derby, Bishop of, C. W. S. Bowles, 32 Dickens, Charles, 6-7, 83, 128 Dilke, Sir Charles, 144,146-7 Dilke, Emily, Lady, 147 Disraeli, Benjamin, 16, 23, 117, 142,

154, 157 divorce, 176-7 Dobbs, Sir Henry, 179 Drysdale, George, 54 Dufferin, Frederick, 1st Marquess, 69 Dyer, Alfred, 126

East India Company, 20, 21 Edinburgh Review, 81 Edinburgh University, 105, 106,

109-12, 114,117,119,121 Dental Hospital, 168

Edmonds, James, 123 Eliot, George, 128 Endowed Schools Commission, 99 Engels, F., 3, 182 English Woman 's Journal, 5 Eton College, 4, 157, 159 Eugenie, Empress of France, 107 Evan, Helen, 121 Every Woman's Book, 53

Farrar, F. W., Dean, 58 Fawcett, Henry, 25, 89, 93, 96, 107,

HI , 140,144-5,171-2 Fawcett, Millicent Garrett, 3, 10,

29,49,89,93,96, 107, 140, 142, 143,145

Fawcett, Philippa, 96 Fell, Margaret, 125 Finland, 188 Fisher, Geoffrey, Archbishop, 138 Foot, Edward B., 64 Forster, W. E., 38 Forsyth, William, 142, 157 Fowler, William, 39

Fox, George, 125 Fox, W.J., 125-6 France, 122, 167; see also Paris Froude, J. A., 32 Fruits of Philosophy (Knowlton), 54 Fry, Elizabeth, 7, 125 Fry, Margery, 99 Furse, M. B., Bishop, 63

Galway, Viscount, 26 Gandhi, Kasturba, 76-7 Gandhi, M. K., Mahatma, 17, 67-78 Garibaldi, G., 38 Garrett, Agnes, 165 Garrett, Elizabeth, see Anderson,

Elizabeth Garrett Garrett, Newsome, 105, 106, 107, 108 Garrett, Samuel, 170-1 Garrison, William Lloyd, 37, 104 General Medical Council (formerly

Medical Council), 56, 100, 116-17,123, 164,168

Geneva College, New York, 102-3 George III, King, 174 Germany, 115, 122 Girton College, Cambridge, 92, 94, 95 Gladstone, Catherine, 123 Gladstone, W. E., 26, 30, 35, 41, 89,

115,121 and women's suffrage, 141-2,

148-9, 157 Glasgow University, 105 Gleichen, Victor, Count, 90-1 Gore, Charles, Bishop, 137 Gorst,J.E.,26 Granville, George, 2nd Earl, 45, 87 Greek Orthodox Church, 124 Green, J. R., 85, 89 Grey, Sir Edward, 150-1 Grey, John, 32 Grote, George, 17,81,86-7 Gurney, Emelia, 104 Gurney, Russell, 104, 111,115, 117,

121,187

Haldane, Richard, 1st Viscount, 151-2, 173

Halifax, 37-8 Hall, R. O., Bishop, 136

204 Index

Hampson, Robert, 162-4,175 Harcourt, Sir William, 41,45 Hardy, Thomas, 9-10 Harris Smith, Miss, 169 Harrison, Frederic, 28, 97 Hartington, Lord, 41 Hayward, Abraham, 29 Headlam, Stewart, 59, 83 Hicks, E. L., Bishop of Lincoln, 159 Henderson, Arthur, 154,155,158 Hill, Octavia, 13, 83,127,130 Hills, J. W., 161,170-1 Hoare, Sir Samuel, 173 Hobhouse, Arthur, 99 Holloway, Thomas, 17, 81, 88-91 Holyoake, G. J., 56 Homerton Training College, 82,128 Hong Kong, 135-40 Horder, T. S., 1st Baron, 64 Household Words, 7 Hughes, Tom, 26 Hugo, Victor, 3, 17 Hume, A. O., 69 Hunt, Harriet, 102 Hunt, Leigh, 128 Huxley, T. H., 13-14, 82,106,112,117 Hyndman, H. M., 182

Imperialism, 128 Independent Labour Party, 159 India, 17,67-78,118,181 Indian National Congress, 69,71 Infant Custody Act, 5 Inge, W. R , Dean, 59,136 Institute of Chartered Accountants,

169 International Federation for

Abolition of Government Regulation of Prostitution, 36,44

Ireland, 167,183 Irish Party, 142,158 Italy, 188

Jackson, John, Bishop of Lincoln, 35 Jacobi, A., 64 Jarrett, Rebecca, 48-9 Jenner, Sir William, 108, 118 Jews, 68 Jex-Blake, Sophia, 3,100,102,106

and the study of medicine, 109-112, 116,121

Joan of Arc, 72 Johnson, Bertha, 3 Johnstone, Sir Harcourt, 40 Jowett, Benjamin, 32, 97,186

Kauffman, Angelica, 174 Keir Hardie, James, 153 King's College, London, 83, 84,122 King's and Queen's College,

Dublin, 117 Kingsley, Charles, 84, 104 Kingsley, Mary, 180 Kipling, Rudyard, 180 Knight, Dame Laura, 174 Knowlton, Charles, 53, 65

Labouchere, Henry, 26,141,159 Labour Party, 18,

and women's appointments, 161 and women's suffrage, 152-4,

160,182 Ladies' National Association for

Repeal of Contagious Diseases Acts, 34

Laing Samuel, 26 Lambeth Conference and

Contraception, 59-63 and ordination of women, 139-40

Lancet, 57,122 Lang, C. G., Archbishop, 62 Lansbury, George, 152-3 law, 170 Law Society, 170 Law, Andrew Bonar, 142,158 Li Tim-Oi, Florence, 137-40 Leigh Smith, Barbara, see Bodichon,

Barbara Leigh Smith Leighton, Sir Baldwin, 45 Lewes, G. H., 128 Liberal Party, 18, 34,127

and women's suffrage, 141-52, 160

Lindsay, Lillian Murray, 168 Lindsay, Robert, 168 Lister, Joseph, 1st Baron, 110,119 Liverpool, College, 323,36, 37

University, 167

Index 205

Lloyd George, D., 61, 78, 143, 150, 158, 159

Locke, John, 126 London Hospital, 60, 107 London School Board, 107 London School of Medicine for

Women, 104, 112, 118,121, 130, 165

London Universitv, 5,37, 85, 86-8,92, 108,113, 117^ 120, 128,167

see also University College Lowe, Robert, 113 Lyndhurst, John, Lord, 176-7 Lyttelton, Alfred, 156 Lyttelton, George, 4th Baron, 99 Lytton, Edward Bulwer, 128, 158 Lytton, Victor, 2nd Earl, 143, 157-8

MacDonald, Sir Claude, 180 MacDonald, J. Ramsay, 59, 154 MacFadyean, Sir John, 167,168 MacLaren, Sir Charles, 148 Madras Medical College, 118 Malthus, T. R., 52 Manchester Guardian, 6, 184 Manchester University, 128 Manners, Lord John (later Duke of

Rutland), 157, 172 Manning, Cardinal, 42, 48 Married Women's Property Bills, 16,

86,115,148,165,178-9,179 Martin-Holloway, George, 90-1 Martineau, Harriet, 128 Marx, Karl, 3 Marxists, 182 Masson, David, 110, 114, 120 Maudsley, Henry, 108 Maurice, F. D., 15, 17, 81, 82-6, 93,

105,137 Maurice, Sir Frederick, 82 May,J.J., 183 Mazzini, G., 9, 38, 44, 130, 183 Medical Council, see General

Medical Council Medical Profession

and birth control, 55-8, 60, 64 and admission of women, 101-22

Medical Times and Gazette, 55 medicine, 17-18

women's admission to study and profess, 100-23

Meredith, George, 8-9, 167, 175 Methodists, 124, 131 Middlesex Hospital, London, 105 midwives, 122-3 Mill, Harriet Taylor, 21-4, 28,128 Mill, Helen, 22, 26, 29 Mill, James, 20 Mill, J. S., 3, 5, 12, 16, 18, 20-30, 33,

37,81,86,89,93,128, 140,141, 145, 160, 161,183,187

and birth control, 29-30, 52 speech on Reform Bill, 24-6 Subjection of Women, 26-8, 126

Millais,SirJ.E., 174 Milner, Alfred, Viscount, 44 Milnes, Monckton, 84 Milton, John, 77, 85 Mira Behn (Madeleine Slade), 76 missionaries, 181-2 Monthly Repository, 128 Moore, Thomas, 29 Morant, Sir Robert, 173 Moravian Brothers, 87 Morley, Henry, 17,81,86-8 Morley, John, Lord, 44, 148 Moser, Mary, 174 Mudie's Library, 6, 7 Murray, Gilbert, 98-9, 185

Naidu, Sarojini, 71, 75 National Association for Promotion

of Social Science, 5, 16 National Association for Repeal of

the Contagious Diseases Acts, 38, 39

National Dental Hospital, 168 National Insurance Act Inspectors,

173 National League for Opposing

Women's Suffrage, 98, 158, 179 National Liberal Federation, 41 National Society for Women's

Suffrage, 29 National Union of Women's Suffrage

Societies (NUWSS), 143 Nehru, Jawarharlal, 71, 74, 78 Nevinson, H.W., 159, 184

206 Index

New Veterinary College, Edinburgh, 166

New Zealand, 147,157,184,188 New York, 104,109 Newman, J. H., Cardinal, 82 Newnham College, Cambridge, 94-7,

130,156 Nightingale, Florence, 4, 29,81, 84,

122,127,180 Nonconformists, 5,18, 36,47, 86, 91 Non-Cooperation Movement, 69, 72 Normans, 124 North of England Council for

Education of Women, 33, 94 Northbrook, Thomas, 1st Earl, 41 Norton, Caroline, 5, 8,16,178 Norway, 188 novelists, 6-10

Owen, Robert Dale, 53, 55 Oxford University, 3, 5,17,19, 33, 86,

92,96,97,115,128,136,157,161, 185,186-7,188

admission of women, 97-9,105,109 early women from, 179 and missionaries, 182 Balliol, 186 Lady Margaret Hall, 98 Somerville College, 98-9,130 Wadham College, 186

Paget, Sir James, 103,120 Pall Mall Gazette, 6, 32, 44, 46-50,

56,164,184 Palmerston, Lord, 177 Pandit, Mrs V. L., 72 Pankhurst, Emmeline, 143,153,159 Pankhurst, Richard, 148,159 Pankhurst, Sylvia, 153 Paris, 103,107,115 Parkes, Bessie, 103 Parliament, 6,18, 24, 31

and age of consent, 44-50 and birth control, 66 and Contagious Diseases, 34-44 and sex disqualifications, 161 and accountants, 169 and dentists, 168 and divorce, 176-8

and the law, 170 and married women's property,

178-9 and midwives, 123 and pharmacists, 162-4 importance of women's

emancipation, 186 and women in Medicine, 101,113-18 women's suffrage, 141-60,188

Pechey, Elizabeth, 110,117 Pethick Lawrence, F. W., Baron, 128,

158 pharmacists, 162-4

Pharmaceutical Society, 162-3 Philadelphia, 102-3,104 Piggott, Mr, 169 Place, Francis, 22,52-3, 65 PI ay fair, Lyon, 114 poets, 14-16 Positivists, 88, 97,149 Post Office, 171-2 Press 6

see also under individual publications Priestley, Joseph, 126 Prison Service, 172 professions, women in, 161-75 prostitution, 36, 44-50 Punch, 103 Purdah, 74

Quakers, 4,18, 31,104,119,124-6, 162

Quarterly Review, 172 Queen's College, London, 15,

17, 82-6, 92,109

Railton, George, 132,133,135 Ram Mohan Roy, 68 Ramabai, Pandita, 74 Ramsay, Agnata, 96 Raven, Canon Charles, 136 Rayleigh, John, 3rd Baron, 97 Reade, Charles, 112-13 Redmond, Willie, 158,159 Reform Bills,

of 1867, 23 of 1884,144,146 of 1914,143 of 1918, 144

Index 207

Reformation, 124 religion, 18, 124-140

see also Church of England; Congregationalists; Methodists; Quakers; Roman Catholics; Salvation Army; Unitarians

Richmond, George, 85 Robinson, W. J., 64 Roe, Humphrey, 66 Roebuck, J. A., 21, 114 Rogers, Annie, 3, 98 Rollitt, Sir Charles, 157 Roman Catholic Church, 124, 128

and birth control, 52, 55, 58, 62, 64-6

Roman Empire, 188 Roosevelt, President Theodore, 179 Rosebery, Archibald, 5th Earl, 141 Routh, Amand, 57 Royal Academy, of Arts, 7, 25, 174-5 Royal College of Physicians, 100, 165 Royal College of Surgeons

of London, 100, 168 of Edinburgh, 168

Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons, 166-8

Royal Commission on Secondary Education, 92

Royal Free Hospital, 112 Royal Holloway college, SS Royal Institute of British Architects,

164 Ruskin, J., 12-13,47,98 Russia, 116, 167 Russel, Alexander, 110, 121

St Andrews University, 106 Salisbury, Robert, 3rd Marquess, 96,

115, 142, 154-5 Salvation Army, 18, 31, 48, 72, 124,

130-5 Sandford, George, 163 Sandon, Viscount, 115 Sanger, Margaret, 17, 64, 65, 66, 75, 78 Scharlieb, Dame Mary, 57, 118 Scotland, 173, 183

divorce in, 177 Scotsman, The, 6

Scott, Benjamin, 44 Scott, C. P., 6 Scott, Sir Russell, 173 Scottish Universities, 51 Selborne, Roundell, 1st Earl, 178 Selborne, William, 2nd Earl, 155 Senior, Janey Nassau, 38, 172 Sex Discrimination Act, 188 Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act,

19, 161, 167 Shaen, William, 130 Shaftesbury, Anthony, 7th Earl, 45,

89, 117, 121, 123 Shakespeare, William, 85 Shaw,G.B., 10-12, 159 Shelley, P. B., 14 Sidgwick, Arthur, 96, 98 Sidgwick, Eleanor Balfour, 3, 95-7,

156 Sidgwick, Henry, 17,81,91-7 Simon, Sir John, 186 Simpson, Sir James, 106, 110, 119 Slee, Jonah, H., 66 Slessor, Mary, 180 Smith, F. E., Lord Birkenhead, 186 Smith, Southwood, 127 Smith, Sydney, 81 Smith, W. H., 26 Smith, W. H., booksellers, 9, 47 Smith, William, 127 Snowden, Philip, 153 Social Darwinism, 128 Society of Accountants and Auditors,

169 Society of Apothecaries, 105-7 Society for Suppression of Vice, 55 solicitors, 170-1 Sorabji, Cornelia, 69 Spain, 188 Spectator, 62, 93 Stanley, A. P., Dean, 32, 85 Stansfeld, Sir James, 16,31,36, 128-9,

188 and Contagious Diseases Acts,

37-44 and midwives, 123 and women doctors, 100, 112-14,

117,122 and woman's suffrage, 148

208 Index

Stead, W. T., 6, 32, 36, 44-50 Stephen, Sir James Fitzjames, 28 Stopes, Marie, 17, 66 Strachan-Davidson, J. L., 91 Stuart, James, 45, 147 suffrage, 18, 141-60 Suffragettes, 3, 9, 25, 143, 151, 164 Suffrage Annual and Who's Who

(1913), 159 Sunday Express, 62 suttee, 68 Switzerland, 115

Talbot, Edward, Bishop, 98 Talfourd, Sir Thomas, 16 Taylor, Hudson, 181 Taylor, J. W., 57 Taylor, Harriet, see Mill, Harriet

Taylor Taylor, John, 22, 23 Temple, William, Archbishop, 136-8 Tennyson, Alfred, Lord, 14-15,

83,84 Theosophists, 68 Thompson, William, 157 Times, r/ze, 110-11, 184

attacks Stansfeld, 38 attacks women's higher education,

87-8, 93 and birth control, 62 lack of sympathy with women's

emancipation, 6 Treves, Sir Frederick, 61 Trinity College, Cambridge, 14, 83,

92, 150 and women's suffrage, 157, 185

Trollope, Anthony, 7 Twining, Louisa, 85

Unitarians, 18, 22, 81, 84, 128, 159 USA, 23, 33, 116, 183

birth control in, 52-3, 55, 64-6

Civil War, 33 education in, 88 Salvation Army and, 131, 134 veterinary surgeons, 167 women doctors in, 102-4

Universal Suffrage Association (USA), 29

University College, London, 60, 85

Vassar, Matthew, 7, 88-9 veterinary surgeons, 166-8 Victoria, Queen, 28, 84, 90

and employment of women, 171 and vivisection 118 and women doctors, 111, 118,120

Webb, Sidney and Beatrice, 10 Wells, H. G., 12 Wesley family, 128 Wesley, John, 35 Westminster Review, 21 Whitbread, Samuel, 31 Whitefield, George, 35 Whittier, J. G., 77 Wilberforce, Samuel, Bishop, 177 Williams, William, 166 Wilson, Woodrow, 65 Winnington Ingram, A. F., Bishop of

London, 58-9,63 Wolmer, Lord, 170 Women's Social and Political Union

(WSPU), 143, 184,185 Women's Work and Women's Culture,

33 Woodall, William, 142, 148 World Anti-Slavery Convention, 37 Wyndham, George, 156

York, William Thomson, Archbishop of, 35

Zangwell, Israel, 159