Notice the large areas of low land and large areas of high
land. The majority of East Asias populations live on the eastern
plains.
Slide 2
Influenced from the monsoons!
Slide 3
Winter winds blow from the north and northeast across the
continent and bring dry cool air. Summer winds blow from the south
and southwest across the Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal and bring
warm wet air.
Slide 4
Western areas less populated because the terrain and climate
are harsh. As need for resources increases people will move to
areas with resources in western China. Many rivers in the region
makes hydroelectric power economically feasible. Japan does not
have large amounts of many resources no oil. Desire for resources
was one reason for Japanese imperialism and colonization. Terrace
Farming
Slide 5
Culture Yellow River (Shang Dynasty) is the culture hearth for
this region. Life in rural areas is much different than the modern
cities: Hong Kong, Macau, Shanghai, Beijing, and Guangzhou. Japan
is more urban than the rest of East Asia. Chinese invented paper,
gunpowder, printing, and the compass. Closed to outside influences
until 1800s. Often the society is more important than the
individual.
Slide 6
Ethnic Groups the largest is the Han Chinese. North & South
Korea (Korean) and Japan (Japanese) people are homogeneous (almost
all the same ethnic group). The majority of people in Mongolia are
Kazakhs (from Kazakhstan) Steppe climate.
Slide 7
Governments China is a one-party state. Democracy is on the
rise, but has been met with harsh punishments. Japan is a
constitutional monarchy North Korea has a dictatorship Mongolia is
a republic (after the fall of the USSR it had been communist
one-party state supported by USSR) South Korea is a republic, but
many citizens complain that is run by an aristocracy (elite
families)
Slide 8
700-600 BC - The Great Wall of China Wall built to protect
China from outside invasion. Took over 100 years to build. Three
Gorges Dam. Completed in 2009 - the worlds largest dam. Located on
the Yangtze River. Benefits: It produces 18 million kw of power
(equal to 18 nuclear power plants) Produces 20% of Chinas power and
controls floods. Disadvantage: However, over 2 million people had
to be relocated and thousands of ancient sites were submerged.
Slide 9
Technology Innovations in protecting against natural disasters
Bullet train Computer and electronics Japanese have invented /
improved items to fit lifestyle (better gas, smaller appliances)
Japan has very strict pollution laws China does not.
Slide 10
Languages Han is the most spoken language in China. There are
two dialects Mandarin and Cantonese. There is NO language called
Chinese. Unlike western languages that use letters for sounds Han
uses ideograms pictures or symbols that stand for ideas.
Calligraphy the art of beautiful writing was started in East Asia.
Cantonese Mandarin
Slide 11
China has 1.347 billion people. (19.25% of world population)
India has 1.210 billion people. (17.29% of world population) The US
has 313 million people. (4.47% of world population) Because of the
large population & limited resources - China began the One
Child Policy in 1979. It limits each family to one child. Families
are fined for extra children. It is enforced more in the urban
areas. The western regions are not subject to this policy because
the Chinese encourage Chinese to move to these regions to weaken
the minority populations. 2010 Population:
Slide 12
Tibet: Tibet was an ancient country the size of Western Europe
when it was invaded by the Peoples Republic of China in 1950. Tibet
has a unique culture, history, and identity. Not only have many
Tibetans lost their lives, but Tibetans in Tibet do not enjoy basic
human rights. The Chinese government has introduced policies by
which Tibetan culture, language, and natural resources are being
systematically eroded. The spiritual and cultural leader of the
Tibetan people is the Dalai Lama. He escaped Tibet, and has
traveled the world to raise support for an independent Tibet. The
Dalai Lama is pursuing peaceful solutions to this situation, but
the Chinese government refuses to discuss Tibet.
Slide 13
Sports Short on space Japan Sumo Wrestling China table tennis
Martial Arts Tai Chi Tae Kwon Do Kung Fu Tang Soo Do Karate
Slide 14
Music based on 5 tone scale with a melody, but no harmony
Kabuki theater Japanese dance- drama (all male) Calligraphy art of
beautiful writing Architecture - Pagoda
Slide 15
Religion 47% 23% 8% 14% 6% 1.3%.7% China practices communism
which stifles religion. Most Shinto are in Japan Many Confucians
& Taoist (way of life) also practice Buddhism (religion)
Slide 16
Democratic nation supported by the US, but not officially
recognized. China wants it back claims it is a province of China.
One China Policy allows us to keep relationships with both
countries. One China a democratic China. The Republic of China
created in 1912 on the mainland of China. Chiang Kai-Shek army lost
to the communists in Chinas civil war and retreated to Taiwan in
1949.
Slide 17
Communist country on the Korean Peninsula Separated at the 38
th parallel (DMZ) after Korean War claims to have nuclear weapons.
Ruled by dictator Kim Jong Il until his death last year. His
youngest son Kim Jong Un is now in charge. Average North Korean
lives on 60 cents a day.
Slide 18
Economy Japan is a MDC (More Developed Country) main economic
activities are tertiary and quaternary China, Taiwan and South
Korea are NICs (Newly Industrialized Countries) manufacturing is
the main economic activity. Mongolia and North Korea are LDCs
(Lesser Developed Countries) the main economic activity is
agriculture. APEC formed in 1989 - Asia- Pacific Economic
Cooperation Group: Working toward free trade markets. China, Japan,
South Korea, and Taiwan are all members.
Slide 19
Slide 20
Slide 21
Winter winds blow from the north and northeast across the
continent and bring dry cool air. Summer winds blow from the south
and southwest across the Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal and bring
warm wet air.
Slide 22
Slide 23
1.65 billion people 1/5 of the world live in South Asia
Population density is seven times the world average. The population
of South Asia is expected to double by 2025 Hundreds of languages
19 major languages. Most in Northern India, Bangladesh, and
Pakistan speak Indo-European languages. Hindi is spoken by half of
Indias population. Urdu is the main language in Pakistan Bengali is
the main language in Bangladesh The ancient Sanskrit classical
Aryan languages is still used for religion.
Slide 24
India Most Indians are Hindu. Pakistan Most Pakistanis are
Muslim Bangladesh Most Bangladeshis are Muslim. This country was
once called East Pakistan Sri Lanka Buddhist Sinhalese are the
majority, but Hindu Tamils have been fighting for independence
since the early 1980s. Bhutan and Nepal most of the people are
Buddhist. Rigid social system that classifies members of Indian
society based on birth into one of these groups. Each caste has
specific rules about behavior. You could not move from one group to
another. Officially abolished in 1947 it is still evident in some
parts of Hindu society in India. Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and
Jainism all started in South Asia.
Slide 25
India Worlds largest (population) democracy. Socialist (central
planning until recently) Pakistan democracy, but since 1971
military rule. Bangladesh democracy. Sri Lanka democracy, but
Tamils claim discrimination and want independence. Bhutan and Nepal
monarchies. Similar to languages there are hundreds (over 500)
small ethnic groups in South Asia. Most people either define
themselves by their country, religion, or jati (job / class)
Slide 26
Most people of South Asia are rural. They live in villages and
farm, life has changed little for hundreds of years. Farms are
divided among children, so every generation the farms are smaller.
Most farms are less than an acre. 60% are subsistence farmers.
Farming is low-tech and labor intensive many people, human power.
Nepal & Bhutan terrace farming uses up all available arable
land. Pakistan fruit orchards in highland valleys. North India
& Bangladesh water above knees grow rice. Second (China #1) Sri
Lanka huge tea, rubber, and coconut plantations set up by the
British & Dutch use high-tech methods. When colonists left,
kept plantation system 75% of Sri Lanka is cash crops crops for
sale or trade rather than food to feed people. Challenge is how to
balance cash crops with needs of the people. Key cash crops are
tea, cotton, spices and jute fiber for making string and cloth.
Food crops major food crop of South Asia is rice. Wheat, millet,
corn, and peanuts are also grown.
Slide 27
Education and government efforts have increased productivity.
Since 1960s, crops have diversified and yield has increased, but
irrigation and fertilizers are expensive. Carefully manages
irrigation, fertilizers, and high yielding variety of crops.
Animals: Religions of the area promote respect for all living
things. Some animals: elephants, water buffalo, monkeys,
crocodiles, Bengal tigers, blue sheep, and snow leopards have all
been or are on the endangered species list. Many are in danger from
deforestation and loss of habitat. Animal reserves have been set
up, along with laws controlling hunting and logging, but poaching
illegal hunting is still an issue. Lack of clean water is another
serious issue. India (the most developed nation in the region)
still has 80% of its people without access to sanitation.
Deforestation has caused serious soil erosion problems, so
reforestation efforts are widespread across South Asia.
Slide 28
Kashmir & Jammu: The area of Kashmir is 65% administered by
India and 35% by Pakistan. The state is predominately Muslim &
Sikh. Both India and Pakistan have nuclear weapons and tensions are
high between the two nations. The area is also close to
Afghanistans badlands where al-Qaeda operatives train. US thought
Osama bin Laden was hiding there. Islamic fundamentalists active in
Afghanistan would like to spread their influence into this area.
India has cracked down on the insurgency that may be backed by
Pakistan
Slide 29
Balochistan The Balochistan conflict is an ongoing conflict
between Baloch nationalists and the Governments of Pakistan &
Iran over issues ranging from human rights abuses, more autonomy,
more royalties and secession. Shortly after Pakistan's creation in
1947, the Pakistan Army invaded Balochistan which did not want to
become part of Pakistan. Under British rule they had been
autonomous. Both Pakistan and Iran have crushed any attempts by
separatists. Balochistan is one of Pakistans poorest regions
although it has vast natural resources. Many support the Taliban in
Afghanistan.
Slide 30
Both Pakistan and India have had nuclear weapons since 1998.
For 40 years after independence, India was led by the Nehru family.
Mohandas, Indira and Rajiv Gandhi were all assassinated due to
ethnic unrest in India. Outsourcing moving parts of a companys
operation to another location. When US says outsourcing we usually
refer to moving operations overseas. India and Pakistan have
benefited from English as a second language. Many IT support jobs
and telephone call centers are located in South Asia. Textiles and
machine parts have also relocated. India is a NIC Newly
Industrialized Country main economic activity is manufacturing.
Main factor cheaper labor. It is cheaper to ship raw cotton from
the USA to south and southeast Asia to make jeans and ship them
back than it is to make them here.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X2HPSzz2IfA
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X2HPSzz2IfA
Slide 31
Architecture Taj Mahal Agra, India. Built by a Muslim Emperor
as a tomb for his beloved wife. Islamic style with Hindu influences
Golden Temple Amritsar is the holy Sikh temple New Delhi western
style government buildings and roads. Adjacent to historic Delhi
where there are mosques, forts, and bazaars.
Slide 32
Economics today in South Asia: India has a stock market and
some people can buy land, but it is very expensive. The government
owns many of the large industries and has 5-year plans to manage
what is needed. There is some government assistance programs, but
they do not benefit all the people. India is a NIC Pakistan &
Bangladesh have similar systems, but much more government control
than India. Pakistan is and LDC, but moving toward a NIC (if they
can keep the military out of the government). Bangladesh & Sri
Lanka are poor with little infrastructure - LDC. Nepal & Bhutan
are absolute monarchies and the government controls most of the
economic decisions. The people are poor and are subsistence
farmers. Many of the people practice traditional lifestyles and
have traditional economies. Overall these countries are LDCs. In
the Maldives items are very expensive because they must be shipped
in. most of the citizens are subsistence farmers and practice a
traditional lifestyle.
Slide 33
Arts & Sports Sports Cricket & Soccer brought by the
British bronze Bollywood worlds largest movie industry based in
Mumbai (Bombay) makes movies for Asian markets Storytelling
Textiles embroidery, silk work
Slide 34
Population Pyramids
Slide 35
Slide 36
Slide 37
Countries in SE Asia need to industrialize. There is a need for
sustainable development. It is hard for the countries to balance
industrialization and protecting the environment. It is hard to
enforce the laws against poaching and logging. Soil erosion and
deforestation are also serious environmental issues.
Slide 38
Culture Chinese-style pagodas and Indian-style Wats (temples)
are common Borobudur 800AD Laquerware & batik are art types
Legong Bali
Slide 39
Governments Republics East Timor, Indonesia, Philippines,
Singapore Constitutional Monarchs Brunei, Cambodia, Malaysia, and
Thailand One-Party Communist State Vietnam & Laos Dictators -
Myanmar
Slide 40
Languages Major language families: Malayo-Polynesian
(Austronesian) Sino-Tibetan Mon-Khmer European influences
Slide 41
Papua / Irian Jaya: Also known as Irian Jaya, was told by the
Dutch that they could have independence when they left the colony.
The following year, Indonesia invaded the area. The Free-Papua
movement has been fighting a secessionist battle ever since.
Indonesia has stationed a large military presence in order to quell
violence. The local people are mainly Christian and Animists and
have been in conflict with the Indonesian Muslim government. In
2001, Indonesia tried to appease Papua by allowing them to keep
more of the profits from its sale of minerals and agricultural
products, but the conflict still remains.
Slide 42
Southeast Asia Religions
Slide 43
Slide 44
SE Asian nations are mostly in the medium HDI category except
for Brunei (oil wealth) and Singapore (free port) and Myanmar,
Laos, and Cambodia which are low HDI. Malaysia, Thailand, and
Philippines are NICs. Indonesia is sometimes listed as a NIC. Many
MDCs outsource work to SE Asia for the purpose of saving money on
labor costs. Technology and communications in this region depend on
the countrys level of technology. Singapore and Brunei have very
advanced communications and transportation, but Laos and Cambodia
have very little access to technology.
Slide 45
ASEAN ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations is a free
trade agreement between Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines,
Singapore Thailand, Brunei, Burma (Myanmar), Cambodia, Laos, and
Vietnam. Its aims are economic growth, social progress, cultural
development, regional peace, and opportunities for member countries
to discuss differences peacefully
Slide 46
Arts Variety of instruments bamboo and bronze used to make
instruments Dances tell folk stories Lacquerware Architecture mix
of Indian & Chinese. Borobudur is massive shrine built to
symbolize Buddhas journey to enlightenment