Nuclear attack survival guide - Amazon S3 · Nuclear attack survival guide 5 Nuclear threat– What is it? A nuclear attack is simply the use of a device or weapon that produces nuclear

Nuclear attack survival guide

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Table of Contents First thoughts ..................................................................... 3 Nuclear threat – What is it? ................................................ 5 Characteristics and effects of a nuclear explosion ...................... 6

Misconception .................................................................... 10

How to survive a nuclear blast? ........................................ 14 Immediate reactions ........................................................... 14

Protection ......................................................................... 18

Evacuation ........................................................................ 22

Preparing for nuclear survival ........................................... 25 Purifying water .................................................................. 25

Shelter ............................................................................. 32

Final thoughts ................................................................... 36


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First thoughts

There are critical events happening in the world right now which make the threat of a nuclear attack very much probable. Some of these events include global tensions, renewed Cold war threats and global terrorism. A nuclear attack is one of the most dreadful and frightening nightmares that could happen. As history has proved it,

just one explosion is capable of killing millions of people and causing a lot of damage to the environment and surroundings we live in, even after the blast.

It is estimated that there are around 23,000 nuclear in the world today. This is enough nuclear warfare to wipe out the entire life of our planet.

Due to the huge amount of energy which is released in the event of a

nuclear explosion temperatures as high as millions of degrees are passed to the immediate area (ground zero). To get a glimpse of its power, this is compared to temperatures that are inside the core of the Sun. This means that everything near the ground zero vaporizes and the remaining gases and residues of the explosion will cause harm to the human body and the environment.


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Despite the minute chances of a nuclear attack occurrence, it is good to consider having protective measures in place, in the case a nuclear attack with expected severe damages, destructions and widespread radioactive fallout would occur.

Although, it is true that a nuclear war is unlikely, unfortunately many countries are in possession of such nuclear warfare, hence leaving its chance of happening is not even close to zero.

History proved over time that such an event is probable at any given time. Moreover, the threat of a nuclear attack didn’t fade away with the end of the Cold War, it still persist even today. Thus, a nuclear war is not impossible and could occur in many different ways, from a simple accident to an intentional strike.


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Nuclear threat– What is it?

A nuclear attack is simply the use of a device or weapon that produces nuclear explosion. This nuclear explosion is induced by and is an ordered chain reaction that splits in

atomic nuclei, also known as fission, creates an extreme heat wave, air pressure, light and radiation followed by a release of radioactive particles. Detonated at the ground, these radioactive rays are dispersed into a

mushroom cloud made from debris and dust, producing fallouts that can expose people to radiation, even at far distances.

Nuclear weapons

During the traditional cold-war era concerns were focused on the possible use of military nuclear warfare. A nuclear weapon can be manufactured even with an improvised nuclear device, (IND) which is a blunt nuclear device built from the components of a stolen weapon or even from scratch using nuclear material such as plutonium or highly enriched uranium.


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There are many obstacles to having access to these kind of materials or weapons. However, the main difficulty to a nuclear attack is having limited access to such weapon-grade materials. Plutonium, highly enriched uranium and

other nuclear weapons are carefully inventoried in guarded military facilities. Building a nuclear weapon is also difficult. While the general characteristic might be available in open literature, constructing a functional

nuclear weapon requires advanced technological processes and knowledge in many different scientific areas such as nuclear physics and material science. Moreover, a nuclear weapon is generally very heavy, from a few hundred pounds to several tons, thus it is very difficult to transport.

Characteristics and effects of a nuclear explosion

The size of a nuclear explosion is determined by the amount of energy it produces. The energy released by a nuclear blast is distributed as 50% shockwave, 35% heat, 5% initial nuclear radiation and 10% fallout radiation.

A nuclear explosion can cause significant fatalities, injuries and infrastructure damage from the heat and blast. Moreover, it c an have substantial radiological results


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from both the initial nuclear radiation and the radioactive fallout, that spreads after the initial event. The EMP from the explosion is capable of causing damage to telecommunications, transport and power distribution.

A fireball, generally spherical in shape, is created from the energy of the initial explosion. It can reach up to tens of millions of degrees.

A shockwave spreads from the explosion and causes huge damages to the buildings, affecting the surroundings and injuring humans.

As everything inside the fireball vaporizes and is carried upwards, a huge cloud of debris is formed. This is also known as the mushroom cloud.

Fallouts happen when the vaporized radioactive material in the cloud cools, condenses and forms solid particles that falls back to the earth. These solid particles can be carried over long distances by wind currents and can contaminate surfaces even miles from the initial detonation, including food and water sources.

The ionization of the atmosphere around the blast can result in an electromagnetic pulse or EMP,that can drive an electric current through wires causing severe electrical local damages.

The impact of a nuclear explosion is in strict correlation with the yield of the nuclear device, the topography at the explosion site (buildings and geological structures), the altitude of the explosion and even weather conditions.


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The damages from the initial effects like the shockwaves, the heat energy and initial radiation, are diffused into a circular pattern that can extend for miles, along with many flying debris. The nuclear radiation can expose unprotected people even if they are miles away from the explosion site. Radioactive fallouts can occur at a regular pattern in the direction of the wind blow, which can also extend up to several miles.

The intense heat emitted from the nuclear blast produces fires in the immediate detonation zone, damaging buildings, power grids, leaking gas lines, damaging roads, bridges and tunnels and, because of the EMP, it is most likely it will interfere with electronic equipment and devices.


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A nuclear detonation, whether complete or partial, is capable of causing many casualties in densely populated areas. Injuries and even fatalities will result from the pressure of the shockwave, bodies being thrown, falling, buildings and debris. The heat energy along with the fireball might cause fatalities and severe burns to the skin and eyes. Moreover, people who survive the shockwave and intense heat can suffer effects from radiation. The restoration to health from the effects of radiation will depend on the amount of radiation absorbed, ingested or inhaled by the body and the type of radiation and lengths of the time exposed.

Radiation exposure can have long term effects on the human body. It can increase the risk of developing cancer later in life; the more the radiation exposure, the greater the risk. Despite all of these, there is no evidence of genetic changes in survivors’ ancestors.

Acute Radiation syndrome abbreviated as ARS is a short term effect for people exposed to high levels of radiation. Its symptoms include nausea, vomiting and reduced blood cells counts. Radiation can also cause skin burns and other local injuries. When radiation exposures reach to high levels usually over 125rad, fatalities can begin to appear, people can die within hours or days due to the effects of the central nervous system.


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Misconceptions A nuclear attack is a huge tragedy and it’s very hard for us to imagine how exactly it can affect the surroundings and harm people. Furthermore, the more we live without seeing any nuclear weapon being used the more we continue to assume that they will never be used anytime soon. The threats of a nuclear weapon have been analyzed by many, thus they have been altered hence this has created a state of confusion among the people who want to be prepared in case of a catastrophe of this magnitude were to happen.

This is what you have to keep in mind when you start preparing for a nuclear attack:

1. Radiation caused by a nuclear explosion will not infect the air and kill everyone

When a nuclear bomb is detonated close enough to the ground, it produces a crater and the debris from the hole created is polluted with radioactive atoms made by the nuclear blast. Each particle discharges tiny invisible radiations, while they are descending and falling on the ground. Moreover, these particles are conveyed by the wind in the atmosphere for ten thousands of miles prior to falling on the earth.

Fallout radiation can last for hours and even days after a nuclear explosion. The smallest particles of fallout are


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unnoticeable to the naked eye and they can be easily inhaled into a person’s lungs. The fallout particles are visible to the naked eye only if they are brought into the atmosphere by either rain or snow and later dried and carried by air, hence this would cause a minor danger for the people and the environment.

The air is made in a way such that it can protect us from fallout radiation; even people who don’t have air filters are safe from radioactive particles and can breathe normally. Moreover, the exposure from fallout radiation diminishes with time. In the beginning, the radioactive decline is usually very fast but with time, it gradually declines. The extent of radiation decreases accordingly.

It is estimated that in a period of two weeks following the nuclear explosion, people who live in shelters can carefully come out for a few hours and even stop living in them. However, areas which are most affected with heavy fallouts such as detonation sites, important targets, missile sites and even large cities, are an exception as they need a longer period of time for the radioactive fallouts to disperse. In order to conclude when it’s safe to g e t out of the shelter, a s t a b l e fallout meter is needed or other reliable appraisals made with instruments at hand. Catastrophic radiation dosages differ from one person to another, however research shows that an exposure off all out radiation of 450rad(some say even less)is lethal to the human body.


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2. If food and water resources are well protected they will not become toxic in the event of a nuclear explosion.

It is advisable to prepare yourself and keep your food and water stockpile in dust-tight containers as they cannot be contaminated by fallout radiation. Another good measure of removing fallout is by peeling of fruits and vegetables or removing the uppermost several inches of stored grains and other supplies.

Water resources like deep wells, covered reservoirs, tanks or containers, will be safe from contamination with fallout particles. Even if it may contain radioactive elements, filtering water through the earth is a safe method to have potable water.

3. The intense heat emitted in the event of a nuclear explosion is not capable of causing firestorms in cities and will not start everything on fire.

The excessive heat caused by a nuclear explosion can cause a lot of damages over about as large an area is damaged by the explosion. On a clean and dry weather, the heat radiation from the airburst can set fire to many flammable objects and materials like paper, dry glass or curtains. For the human body, it is able to cause second-degree skin burns.

On the other hand, if the climate is cloudy or misty, the radiation particles carried throughout the atmosphere


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would immerse and spread out their heat, thus the area affected by heat from the nuclear explosion would be smaller than the area where the explosion was produced.

4. A nuclear explosion will not genetically affect children or grandchildren of the survivors.

Studies carried out after the Hiroshima and Nagasaki nuclear explosions revealed that the prevalence of genetic modifications is not at all higher among the children with parents that were affected by the radiation, than that of children born from parents who were not exposed.

Although, it is not entirely correct to claim that a nuclear explosion will not have genetic consequences, bearing in mind the fact that there are no conclusive evident discoveries, suspicions that a nuclear explosion has an effect on future generations are unreliable.

5. A nuclear explosion will not completely affect the ozone layer, leading to an increased risk of blindness or contacting cancer.

It is true that huge nuclear blasts inject large amounts gases that destroy the ozone layer, but the stratospheric ozone damaged by the gases released by a nuclear explosion has been extremely distorted in almost every theoretical research. Observations made by scientists show no reductions or insignificant modifications in the ozone layer nor an ultraviolet increase.


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How to survive a nuclear blast?

The first and most obvious thing you must keep in mind is that you have to move as far away as possible from the area of detonation. By keeping distance between you and the detonation site, you increase odds of your survival. This is why, a good strategy for surviving a nuclear attack is to be far from areas that might represent potential targets, such as: big cities, important harbors, military compounds or other vital structures. Thus, it is advisable to move as far away as possible from these kinds of potential targets, in order to protect yourself and your family from harm.

Immediate reactions

In the event of a nuclear explosion, there are some prompt dangers you’ll have to deal with: one is the bright light and the pulse of radiation caused by it and the other is the blast of wave traveling behind it.


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There will also be an extremely intense light and to avoid permanent damage to your eyes, it is advisable not to look toward the burst. These bright lights are able to burn your retina, creating blind spots. Furthermore assuming that you don’t look directly toward the nuclear flash, the light can be reflected from other surfaces and this alone can blurry your eyes. This is why, if the event occurs while doing something which needs the use of the eyes, like driving, you must bring whatever you’re doing to a halt with immediate effect until the immense light disappears. Failure to which you will definitely suffer from short term blindness.

Keep in mind that, when a nuclear detonation occurs, you won’t have much time to seek for safety, thus you will be prompted to take very quick reactions in order to minimize the risk of exposing you and your family to dangerous gamma, neutron and thermal radiations.

The first thing to do in the event of a nuclear explosion is to lie down for several minutes until the blast wave elapses. This poses many threats and risks to anyone whether indoors or out. If you’re inside, you risk having injuries due to the glass shattering on impact. Closer to detonation site, floating debris like wood or plasters are also as dangerous as they can smash you.. The blast wave is so damaging that, if you don’t take cover for two minutes it can throw you off your feet. Thus, it is advised to hide behind solid objects that are strong enough to cover you from heat radiation and debris from the blast.


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If you’re caught outside in the event of a nuclear explosion, there are a few chances of seeking for safety. A good choice is to duck into a trench or any other dent. If it is impossible then it is advisable to cover your head and lie down with your feet facing the detonation site . In this way you will not be thrown off and your shoes will act like a shield hence adding protection to your feet – less vulnerable parts of your body than your head. After taking cover for two minutes, the immediate thing to do is look for a permanent refuge, preferably with a radio station so that you can hear any further instructions and start packing to hide in the nearby shelter available. First warning of a nuclear explosion is the sound it produces. The initial explosion will produce an ear piercing boom that can be heard over in most parts of the United States. A person one hundred miles from the area of impact will hear the first boom about 7 minutes later. Another immediate sign of a nuclear detonation is fall of all electric power and means of communication. There will be a blackout and many radio and TV stations will be off air. If you find yourself in that situation and you have a battery powered radio, continue to dial until you connect to a radio station. When a nuclear explosion occurs near to the ground, debris with radioactive particles will be spread throughout the affected area for many miles away. This is called radioactive fallout and it is the most dangerous affect that can last for a long period of time.


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In such an instance it is better to take shelter and wait until the concentration of radiation outside reduces to low levels. This is why, it is important to prepare for this kind of disaster and keep on storing supplies and even build a fallout shelter. If you are prepared, you might not need to evacuate or go outside, keeping you and your family safe from looters and the panic created. Radioactive fallout travels many miles away, depending on the winds, thus it can take a while before it can fall back to the ground. Areas near the detonation zone will be exposed to fallout within 15 minutes after the explosion. Small pieces are carried by the high altitude winds falling farther from the ground zero. Thus, it will take long for areas which are far from the detonation zone, as the small particles can remain in the air for days, months and even years.

The period of time the fallout takes to fall back to the ground can prove to be a huge advantage when it comes to survival.

Areas down range the nuclear blast can remain free from radioactive fallout for up to several hours. This lag time can be just enough to make last minute preparations, reunite with your family and relocate to safer areas.


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Depending on the composition and material that was present at the detonation site, fallout can take different forms and colors –white, gray or black ash. Thus, spotting fallout should not be a problem for you as you will be able to notice it. It is very important to remember that when fallout nears your area, you must take immediate shelter.

Protection

Protection against radioactive fallout If fallout catches while you’re outside a shelter, it is very important to brush off all radioactive particles of your skin and clothing. Cover your head and protect yourself from inhaling the dust by covering your mouth and nose with a piece of wet cloth. Before the fallout occurs, considering that you don’t know exactly how much time it will take, it is important to try and stay calm and focused. There will be a lot of chaos around you, thus you have to stay focused so as to protect yourself and your family.


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Avoid as much as possible public places, especially public shelters that can be crowded and full of people, as panic in crowded places can lead to a stampede. Always have near you a survival bag with all the essentials that can help in such kind of distress. Keep one bag at your house, one at your workplace and another one in your car, so as not to be caught off guard. The thermal heat generated by the nuclear blast will damage your home. Thus, it is important to prepare your house for this kind of event by painting the roof and exterior wall it with light colored paint. By using these light paints you will make your house much more resistance to the heat generated by the nuclear explosion as they reflect heat and light. Stone and brick facings are also a good measure to take when protecting your home because they can shield it from radiations and from the thermal heat. Safety against other effects The intense heat which is generated from the fireball in the first minute of the explosion, travels at a very quick pace and ignites anything it comes in contact with even prior to the arrival of the burst wave, as the thermal radiation level travels at the speed of light. This kind of effect is capable of causing flash burns on people’s bodies. This heat radiation cannot be eliminated by the rain or clouds of smoke though it does reduce with time. For instance, on a sunny day, a 20 megaton explosion 25 miles away can cause flash burns to anyone exposed.


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In order to prevent these burns, for people who are far away from the area where the nuclear explosion occurred, it is recommended to put on a light colored clothing that has the ability to reflect light. However, it is not advisable for people who are in the surrounding area of ground zero to have the piece of clothing as it can be set on fire causing serious skin burns.

During a nuclear detonation little fragments of earth and other materials from the ground are heated quickly by an intense heat radiation generated and they explode and rise into the air; this is called the popcorn effect. Although these radioactive particles are conveyed by the winds, they continue to emanate heat up to temperatures as high as a few thousand degrees Fahrenheit.

Along with the shockwave this flaming hot air and debris is carried along the affected area and into open shelters, hence, this makes houses or barns on ground unsuitable shelters for a nuclear explosion. If caught in an open shelter, protecting yourself from the heated debris and hot air is not difficult. When a nuclear explosion occurs use towels or other pieces of cloth to cover your head and any other exposed skin, while expecting the aftermath. The lag time that occurs during the initial impact (extremely intense light) and an area miles away, is a good opportunity to protect and secure your shelter before the arrival of the shock wave.


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The intense light from a nuclear detonation can be seen even from ten miles away. It is not advisable to stare into that powerful light as this can cause flash blindness. Despite the fact that it is a little dangerous and disturbing, fortunately this blindness is not permanent as most of the victims can be able to recover within seconds or minutes. However, long exposure of the eye to the intense light can cause damages such as retina burns.

Shelters which do not have any openings or any source, through which light can shine directly, are a great way to protect you from this kind of injuries. However, if you’re caught off guard out in the open, the best thing to do so as to protect yourself from retinal burns is closing and shielding your eyes, and if possible, hide behind anything that can provide a shadow.


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Evacuation

When preparing for a nuclear attack, the first thing to do is decide whether you stay and prepare yourself adequately

for such an event or attempt evacuation. Considering the nature of the threat, prior preparations and resources show that you will not survive in your area, then you might consider evacuation.

This decision requires very high confidence that is worth the risk, because if you fail to reach your destination without shelter, you may

be exposed in dangerous situations, among panic and chaos. It won’t be no easy moving forward or going back; the supplies that you’ll carry with you will be limited. Thus, an evacuation is advised only in critical situations.

What to pack in case of evacuation Iy is important to load supplies from every category of basic needs (food, water clothing, first aid, etc.) depending on the room left, taking only what you can safely carry. Another important aspect of preparing a successful evacuation is to have at hand any survival information that you might need in case of a nuclear disaster such as: instructions for nuclear survival and shelter building, maps,


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stationery (paper and pen) and a battery powered radio. It also good to pack some extra spare batteries.

Moreover, having a tool box at your disposal is very important; as it may help you build or improve your shelter –work gloves, saw, shovel, pick, hatchet, knife, ax, pliers, file and any alternative useful tools.

As for materials, you should consider packing rain- proofing equipment such as plastic, cloth or even shower curtains. It may also be very useful to pack a homemade ventilation pump for your shelter or materials and equipment to build one in case the weather is cold.

It's important to keep yourself hydrated and healthy not only in the case of a nuclear attack but in any other disaster. Hence, you must not forget to carry water supplies. Thus, when packing for an evacuation, take some small containers and available pillow cases, plastic bags and polyethylene trash bags. Having potable water is another aspect that you need to consider, thus complete your supplies with water-purifying agents, like Clorox.

Basic needs for a successful evacuation

Valuable assets – money, credit cards, valuable jewelry, checkbooks and important documents.


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Lighting items– flashlight, candles, materials for improvised cooking oil lamps (glass jars, cooking oil and cotton string) and matches.

Clothing items – cold weather boots, over shoes and warm outdoor clothing, raincoats and ponchos.

Sleeping items –sleeping bags and blankets for each person.

Food supplies–compact foods that require no cooking (canned foods or dried foods), milk powder, cooking oil, sugar, salt, available vitamins, a can and bottle opener, knife, cooking pots, cups, bowls. Also, you can pack cooking materials for improvised bucket stove.

Medical and sanitation supplies –first aid kit, aspirin, antibiotics and disinfectants, special medicines for a person in need, potassium iodide, plastic bags, toilet paper, diapers, soap.

Other essentials –mosquito nets, insect screen or repellents, books or other essentials that make you and your family comfortable.


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Preparing for nuclear survival

Purifying water

In the aftermath of a nuclear attack disaster, the risks of consuming fallout polluted water are very high. Therefore it is of great importance to filter those fallout particles and dissolve radioactive materials. In areas where a heavy fallout is experienced, only 2% of the radioactivity is absorbed and dissolved in water. The other radioactive particles can be removed using different methods such as filtering, settling or disinfecting the water. This way, you can avoid contaminating you and your family or group with radioactive fallout.

If fallout decay is enough to allow the shelter occupants to go out of their shelters for short periods, they should try to replenish their stored water. An enemy may conduct scattered nuclear strikes for weeks after an initial massive attack. Some survivors may be forced back into their shelters by the resultant fallout. Therefore, it is wise to use all available water containers to store the least contaminated water within reach. Water that is collected and stored immediately after the occurrence of fallout will become increasingly safer with time, due particularly to the rapid decay of radioactive iodine. Hence, we may not need to filter it. These would be the most dangerous contaminant of water during the first few weeks after an attack.


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Filtering A good way of filtering contaminated water is through earth, because eliminates all fallout particles and dissolves radioactive materials.

This is a much more efficient way than boiling, however water distillation method is a very unattainable purification technique because it does not remove dangerous radioactive iodine. Thus, filtering through earth is the most effective method in eliminating radioactive iodine than any charcoal filters or typical ion- exchange water softeners.

Make your own water filter

1. Pierce the base of a water bottle with around 20 mall nail holes (gallons, large buckets, watertight wastebasket. Punch the holes from the bottom upward, within 2 inches of the center.


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2. Apply as mall row (about 1 inch-thick) of small stones, washed pebbles, small sticks or twisted coat hanger wires, at the bottom of the water container.

3. Cover the stones or pebbles with a piece of cloth, Preferably use a terry cloth towel or burlap sackcloth. Cut the piece of cloth in a round shape (approximately 3 inches larger than the diameter of the water jar).

4. Dig some soil from almost four inches u n d e r the surface of the ground. Almost all fallout particles persist near the surface, except after falling on gravel or sand.

5. Place the soil over the piece of material that mask the stones, and gently press it in layers so that the cloth is very well fixed across the sides of the container. The soil should be about 6 inches thick.

6. After undertaking all these steps, so as to prevent the soil from crumbling, you will have to cover it with a porous fabric, such as a bath towel.

7. Place some rods or stick against the top of a container that has a larger diameter than the filter can, in order to provide support to the filter.

8. After leaving it to settle, pour the contaminated water into the filter in order to disinfect it.

When you use the above steps to make your own filter, you will get approximately six quarts of potable water per hour. If the filtration is faster than one quart in ten minutes, it is


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recommended to remove the upper piece of cloth and compress the soil again. In this way this way, after a few hours the rate is reduced to almost two quarts per hour. On the other hand if the filtering rate is way too slow, you should remove and clean the fabric then extract about one inch of soil. After approximately 50 quarts of filtered water it is recommended to replace the used soil with a fresh one.

Settling is another easy method to eliminate fallout particles from water. When the water is murky or muddy, settling before filtering is a great way to increase the life span of your water filter.

1. Fill three quarters of a tank/bottle with the contaminated water. Dig clayey soil or pulverized clay from four inches below the ground surface and then mix it with the water. Use almost one inch depth of soil for every four inches depth of water.


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2. Stir until all the clay particles are afloat. 3. Leave the clay to settle for almost

Six hours. These specks of clay will move most of the suspended fallout particles to the bottom of the container and mask them.

4. Siphon or dip out the clean water and then disinfect it.

Disinfecting the water If prior to a nuclear attack, the water is stored in possible impure containers, then it is recommended to disinfect the water, considering that even just a few organisms may multiply very fast and give stored water an awful taste and smell. This is also helpful in preventing waterborne diseases.

When the water is properly disinfected, it can last for many years if it is stored in heavy thick sealed containers, glass or plastic. Thin plastic containers like milk jars should be avoided due to the fact that in time they regularly start to leak.


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When disinfecting the water, you can use every household

bleaching solution, as Clorox, that that has sodium Hypochlorite/ chlorine.

Ways to disinfect your water using chlorine:

1. Add one tea spoon of bleach solution to ten gallons of water and stir.

2. If the water is m u r k y or muddy, you can safely add two teaspoons of bleach.

3. Wait at least 30 minutes before using or d r ink ing so that the chlorine kills all the living micro-organisms.

4. For little amount of water, add two drops of any bleach that has 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, for one quart of water. Use four drops if the water is very colored or muddy.

Another great way to disinfect the water is by using iodine. You can find it in commercial water purification tablets or as 2% iodine tincture:


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1. Use five drops of iodine tincture for one quart of pure water and wait for 30 minutes before drinking it.

2. For muddy and colored water, add ten drops for each quart.

If you cannot find sodium hypochlorite or iodine, try to store as much potable water as possible and boil the water before using it. Boiling it for more than 1 minute will kill all micro organisms that can cause diseases. Although, to be safer it is recommended to boil it for 10-20 minutes, in order to kill most of the rare infectious bacteria.


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Shelter

Shelters are the best way to protect yourself and your family against all the nuclear effects. Despite their huge protection, in areas near the nuclear blast, they are not very effective. Most shelters would not be very useful in areas with heavy fallout, unless occupants have sufficient life-sustaining supplies to stay inside until it’s safe to go out. In these extremely affected areas, shelters would be crowded and most of them would ask for ventilating pumps, in order to eliminate warm air and keep a survival humidity/temperature climate.

How to transform your house into a shelter:

1. A good way to protect your house from the intense

heat caused by the nuclear explosion is to plant around the house some breed softrees, grass or


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shrubs, which are fire resistant. Avoid as much as possible evergreen plants, as they are more flammable than seasonal trees.

2. The basement of you house is a great nuclear protection, as you can transform it in a bunker. Terracing around your house is another additional shielding protection to the basement. Moreover, it can even increase the value of your house, if you decide to sell it.

3. Another aspect you should consider when protecting your house from a nuclear blast, is the lawn. It is recommended to plant around your house a type of lawn that is ever green. Moreover, Keep the piles of dead leafs and bushes away from the house, as they are very flammable. For the same reason, avoid as much as possible to stock pile wood, newspaper and cardboard boxes in your house and even in the garage.

4.Windows are another problem when it comes to a nuclear explosion, as they can be transformed into dangerous flying daggers. Thus, it is recommended to take some measures in order to minimize the dangers of being hurt by shredded glass. A good way is to mark an X across each windows pane with clothing tape, contact paper or even but clear packing tape. Another way to protect you from the dangers of windows is by replacing the glass with clear plastic in the areas where you consider may not be able to have a


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quick reaction to a nuclear explosion event. You can find clear plastic at any hardware store.

5. Avoid as much as possible darker colored window coverings. Use white colored drapes, shades and curtains because they are much more efficient in reflecting light and protecting you from the nuclear thermal pulse. Moreover, this option may even save you and your family from a possible fire hazard inside the house.

How to avoid other damage to your home, after the nuclear explosion:

1. Drain all the remaining water from the pipes in order to prevent them from freezing and damaging your house, in case of low temperatures.

2. Quickly repair all minor deterioration of your house, before the fallout arrives in your area.

3. Seal the doors and windows with large bands of duct tape or plastic tape so that you reduce the access of the fallout particles into your home.


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4. You can use large pieces of shutters or plywood in order to seal windows and prevent any intruders. Make sure you plan an escape door so that you can quickly escape, if there is a fire hazard or any case of disaster.

Don’t go out! This is one of the most important things you need to remember in the event of a nuclear blast. It is human nature to get nervous to find out what has happened, but going outside after just a moments f o l l ow ing an attack is very dangerous, as the area might be affected by the shockwave and fallout radiation. This can hurt and even kill people. For this reason, to be completely safe from any danger caused by a nuclear attack, it is recommended to stay inside the shelter for minimum 3 days, despite the fact that you might be far from the targeted area and fallout meters show there is no danger outside. Of course, if you find yourself in an in adequate shelter or need to move, then you will have no choice but to risk and be very careful of the surroundings.

Also, be very careful at the information you receive from remote radio stations about the fallout changes, as they can be very unreliable. The weather would cause fallout risks to alter, depending on the wind speed. Thus, your trust sources will be your own fallout meter reading and measurements, or the ones made by your neighbors or local civil specialists.


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Final thoughts

The more you are informed about the effects of a nuclear attack and the surroundings you live in, the better are your chances of survival. If you are psychologically prepared for such an event, you have more chances of surviving and improving your life.

So, if you want to survive a nuclear blast or any other kind of disaster, it is important to understand every situation and how to react to it, when such an event is happening.

Don’t panic! People who understand their reactions and control their behavior are less likely to become ineffective in the event of a nuclear attack.

In conclusion, these guide points in the book will help you discover how to be prepared and how to increase your chances of survival in case a nuclear disaster might happen.

Documents

Nuclear attack survival guide - Amazon S3 · Nuclear attack survival guide 5 Nuclear threat– What is it? A nuclear attack is simply the use of a device or weapon that produces nuclear