Nuclear Energy Middle East Esi

7/30/2019 Nuclear Energy Middle East Esi

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Energy Security Initiativeat BROOKINGS

NOVEMBER 2012

Policy Brief 12-02

Human Resource

Development in NewNuclear Energy States:Case Studies from theMiddle EastJohn Banks

Kevin Massy

Charles Ebinger (Ed.)


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E N E R G Y S E C U R I T Y I N I T I A T I V E

H u m a n Re s o u Rc e D e ve l o p m e n t n n e w n u c l e a R e n e Rg y s t a t es :

c a s e s t u D e s F R o m t H e m D D l e e a s t

i

AboUT ThE bRookINGS ENERGY SECURITY INITIATIVE

E S I (ESI) s ss-pm b Bks Is dsd s mldspl s d dl ll sps s d. ESI zs pbl d p s ld pd d s wll sp lbl m,

ml d s ldsp pd ws d m s wll

q dmd dsd lkl sqs s s d

mpls sd plmk. T ESI Pl B Ss s dd sws ss dsd slsp pl sss m s bd s s, w mpss

d pl mmds.

Contact for the Energy Security Initiative:Gd Asl

S Rs Asss

(202) 797-6231

[email protected]


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H uM N R E O uR CE D E V E O P M E N t N N E w N uCE R E N E R tt E :

C E t u D E F R O M t H E M D D E E t

ii

C Eb (E.)Chals Ebn s a sno llow and dcto o

th Eny Scty Intatv at Bookns. H

has mo than 35 yas o xpnc spcalz-

n n ntnatonal and domstc ny makts

(ol, as, coal, and ncla) and th opoltcs o

ny, and has svd as an ny polcy adv-

so to ov 50 ovnmnts.

AboUT ThE AUThoRS

J BJohn P. Banks s a nonsdnt llow at th Eny

Scty Intatv at Bookns. H spcalzs n

wokn wth ovnmnts, compans and -

latos n stablshn and stnthnn polcs,

nstttons and latoy amwoks that po-

mot sstanabl ny sctos, wth a patcla

ocs on mn makts and lctcty. H has

wokd n ov 0 conts.

K MKvn Massy s th assocat dcto o th En-

y Scty Intatv at th Bookns Instt-

ton wh s sponsbl o th manamnt

o sach pojcts on domstc US and lobal

ny polcy. Hs wok ocss on th opol-

tcs o ny and th conomcs o low-cabon

dvlopmnt. A om jonalst, most cntly

as a contbto to T Economst maazn, h

has wttn xtnsvly on mn tchnolos

n th lobal ny and tanspotaton sctos.


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H u m a n Re s o u Rc e D e ve l o p m e n t n n e w n u c l e a R e n e Rg y s t a t es :

c a s e s t u D e s F R o m t H e m D D l e e a s t

iii

his valuable recommendations or strengthening

the paper, and to Govinda Avasarala or his ed-

iting and research support. Tanks are also due

to Gail Chale, Rebecca White and ina renkner

or their help with the editing and publication

process.

he authors are grateul to ocials in the en-ergy ministries and nuclear energy agenciesand regulators o the subject countries that par-

ticipated in this research. Tey would also like

to thank William B. Andrews o Battelle or his

thoughtul and thorough review o the dra and

ACkNowlEdGmENTS

Brookings recognizes that the value it provides to any supporter is in

its absolute commitment to quality, independence and impact. Activi-

ties supported by its donors refect this commitment, and the analysis

and recommendations o the Institutions scholars are not determined

by any donation.


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iv

ExECE SMM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v

C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ES C MEK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Dfnton o Hman Rsoc Dvlopmnt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Famwok o Analyss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

E B EMES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Ncla Pow Poam Stats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Natonal Staty o Hman Rsocs Dvlopmnt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Challns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

J . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Ncla Pow Poam Stats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Natonal Staty o Hman Rsocs Dvlopmnt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Challns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

KE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Ncla Pow Poam Stats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Natonal Staty o Hman Rsocs Dvlopmnt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Challns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

CCSS ECMMES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

HRD Staty and Stats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Majo Challns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Rcommndatons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

TAblEof CoNTENTS


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v

als n th scto. T onon dplomatc

mpass ov Ians sspctd ncla wapons

poam dmonstats th pls o th dal-s

nat o ncla tchnoloy n nal and th

hhtnd snstvty aond ncla pol-

aton n th Mddl East n patcla. o mtths challns, t s ssntal that nw ncla

ny stats dvlop th nstttonal and hman

capacty to n th poams comptntly and

sstanably. Aanst ths backdop, ths pap as-

ssss hman soc dvlopmnt (HRD) n th

Untd Aab Emats (UAE), Jodan, and ky

aanst ths two cta. Its fndns, psntd

as ndvdal cas stds, a basd on n-dpth

ntvws wth ocals and psntatvs om

th conts nd vw and psntatvs

om xtnal ntnatonal oanzatons, as wll

as th otpt om a ondtabl dscsson hostd

by Bookns n Ab Dhab n May 0 .

Wth wdly vayn conomc, poltcal, and

socal contxts, ach o th th conts n-

d vw has dnt HRD qmnts and

objctvs. A compaatv analyss o ach con-

ty accodn to a standadzd st o mtcs s

tho mpactcal. Howv, whl ach con-

ty has nq challns latd to ts ndvdal

ccmstancs, t s also possbl to dnty aas

o latv sccss and concn wth ad to

ladn HRD pactcs.

Wth a hh lvl o sovn walth, and a

wll-omlatd, wll-atclatd staty o th

h Mddl East s lkly to play host to thfst nwcom cvl ncla ny stats oth st cnty. T las o th Untd Aab

Emats wht pap otlnn ts pacl n-

cla pow staty n 008 was ollowd by th

pchas o o ncla pow actos n 009,all o whch a pojctd to b opatonal by

00. Jodan has compltd th fst sta o a

tnd o ts ncla ny poam and ntnds

to hav at last on acto connctd to th d

by 00. A many stalld plans to stablsh a

cvl ncla poam, ky has fnalzd an

amnt wth th Rssan Fdaton o th

povson o o actos, also schdld to b-

n dploymnt by th nd o th dcad. T n-

todcton o cvl ncla pow n th on s

dvn by a st o common motvatons: conomc

owth combnd wth ncasnly xpnsv

ossl l-basd pow naton and own

concn ov cabon mssons and oth poll-

ton hav ld ach o th th conts to s

ncla ny as a sc cabon- soc o

pow naton.

A a lon hats, th lkly nty o sval

nw stats nto th lobal ncla pow scto

psnts a nmb o npcdntd challns.

Whl th ntodcton o a nw naton o

acto tchnolos maks ncla pow a po-

tntally sa and mo polaton sstant op-

ton than v bo, th catastophc accdnt at

Japans Fkshma Dach plant n 0 dmon-

stats th consqncs o tchncal and hman

ExECUTIVE SUmmARY


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vi

staty o th mplmntaton o ts ncla

poam, Jodans polcy maks hav com nd

ncasn pss om th pblc to jsty th

nd o t. Fal by th ovnmnt to addss

ths concns thoh adqat stakhold n-

amnt has ld th pblc to th qston

th conomc atonal and th ltmacy o th

poam, and to lctanc on th pat o som

ocals to sppot t. Wth dcasn poltcal

and tho fnancalsppot, concns abot

th poam hav mltpld. T consqncs

o ths natv spal o HRD a patclaly

cla as ntst amon potntal stdnts n n-

cla-latd d poams has dmnshd.

Jodans cas dmonstats th ctcal mpo-

tanc o stakhold namnt n bldn th

pblc sppot and th hman capacty to nabl

th dploymnt o ncla pow.

ky has a mo xpnc wth ncla sc-

nc than th th UAE o Jodan. Whl th

conty has stld to dvlop commcal-

lvl ncla pow, ts ncla-latd dcaton

poams hav bn stablshd o dcads. An

ndstalzd naton o 75 mllon popl, -

ky also has a boad bas o hman captal on

whch to daw, ncldn a la, wll-dcatdcad o nns. kys HRD-latd chal-

lns n th scto tho lat lss to th

contys capacty and mo to th nat o th

amnt t has stck wth ts Rssan patns,

whch wll fnanc, bld, own, and opat ts

fst ncla pow plant. Whl th commcal

tms o ths dal a vy attactv om kys

pspctv, th tchncal complxty o th poj-

ct, whch s sn a Rssan acto tchnoloy

cntly not dployd anywh n th wold, s

potntal cas o concn. Wth no opatonalxpnc o commcal-scal ncla pow,

th host conty may b vlnabl to a staton

o nomaton asymmty n whch th ksh

lato may not hav scnt xpts and

capacty to comptntly ovs an xpncd

Rssan pojct company n th constcton and

mplmntaton o cvl ncla pow, th UAE

has th most comphnsv appoach to HRD

amon th conts nd vw. Both ts n-

cla lato and ts ncla ny mplmn-

taton oanzaton hav dtald, nstttonal-

zd appoachs to HRD, and th stablshmnt

o a adat poam o ncla nns as

wll as a vocatonal poam o ncla tchn-

cans dmonstats a mlt-actd dcaton and

tann staty. T pncpal challns o th

UAE lat to ts ablty to concl th xtnsv

nds o ts cvl ncla poam, whch s bn

mplmntd accodn to an assv tmtabl

and basd on a acto tchnoloy that cntly

has no opatonal hstoy, and th objctvs o

ctn th qst nmb o qalfd na-

tonals nto tann poams and possonal

postons. T nd to mantan qalty contol n

ts dcatonal poams may n cont to th

ncssty o ctn and tann th nmb

o stdnts ncssay to povd th t ncl-

a-latd wokoc. Moov, th dv towad

achvn mnmm lvls o natonal patcpa-

ton n th ncla-ny wokoc, nds-

cmnatly nocd, may hav natv cons-

qncs o comptncy n th scto.

Jodan acs mo challns than th UAE wth

ad to ppadnss o a cvl ncla po-

am. Whl th conty has a la dcatd

poplatonwth thosands o adats n

tchncal dscplns adatn vy yath

conty has a w fnancal socs. As a

slt, Jodan can nth aod th sam lvl

o dct nvstmnt n ts ncla pow assts

no th sam lvl o sppot o dcatonal and

ovnmntal nstttons wth a ol n ncla-

scto HRD as that ond n th UAE.

Howv, Jodans challns o byond thos -

latd to fnancal consdatons. Som o th b-

st obstacls wth ad to ts ncla poam

a th slt o a lack o pblc-scto coodna-

ton and commncaton. Wth no ovachn


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vii

Qalty contol ntatvs shold ncld

mt-basd ctmnt, ntnatonal

bnchmakn and vndo nvolvmnt

Stakhold namnt shold b a co

lmnt o nw ncla ny poamsHRD stats

HRD stats shold b dsnd

aond th opatonal nds o th n-

cla ndsty ath than aond hh-

pofl acadmc poams

Nw ncla ny stats adoptn nw

acto tchnolos shold allocat ad-

dtonal HRD tm and socs to b-

com an ntllnt cstom

Natonal qota polcs shold b xbl

to th nds o nw ncla poams

Ronal coopaton shold not b -

ld pon as th pmay o majo soc

o HRD n th ncla scto

opaton o a nw dsn o Rssan acto. T

ablty o th ksh ncla scto to bld th

ncssay ppln o ncla capacty and nds-

ty clt to bcom an ntllnt cstom o

ncla tchnoloy may b th mpdd by

th nat o th HRD amnt t has wth ts

Rssan patns, thoh whch ksh ncl-

a nns a tand n Rssa ath than at

hom.

Basd on th conclsons om th th conty

cas stds, th pap os a ss o com-

mndatons on comptnc and sstanablty--

latd HRD sks o th th vwd conts

and mn makt natons lookn to nt th

cvl ncla scto.

Ts commndatons a:

HRD shold b a cntal pat o a nw

ncla ny stats staty

HRD poams shold plac a la m-

phass on saty clt


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1

xpatat tchncans and consltants may pov

to b nsstanabl, and otlnd th pospct o

knowld sk thoh whch a cad o old,xpatat advsos conclds ts tn bo ad-

qatly tansn knowld to th domstc

wokoc.

T stdy commndd that th aspant ncla

pow stats n th Mddl East wok to pt n

plac a lon-tm ncntv stct to ns

that th qst xpts s mantand as thy

bld ndnos capacty. Fo thos conts

wth lmtd xstn possonal xpts, t

commndd that xpatat possonals b -tand as sta o nwly stablshd ntts, and

that sch xpatats shold povd on-th-job

tann o th natonal sta wokn alonsd

thm. It th commndd th conts n

th on smltanosly ocs on tann a do-

mstc wokoc wth th qst sklls ncs-

say to kp pac wth th volton o th ncla

poam thoh ts vaos stas o constcton

and opaton. Fnally, th pot sstd that

on potntal mans o achvn th ncssay

tann may b th stablshmnt o a onalcnt o xcllnc to tan ncla tchncans

and nns om aond th on.

In 0 th Bookns Eny Scty Intatvpblshd Modls Fo Aspant Ncla En-y Natons n th Mddl East, a compaatvanalyss o nn conts n th on n ood

standn wth th Intnatonal Atomc Eny

Ancy (IAEA) that had dmonstatd ntst n

cvl ncla pow poams. T stdy assssd

th poltcal, conomc, fnancal, and tchn-

cal stats o th cvl ncla ny plans n th

Untd Aab Emats, Jodan, ky, Eypt,

Sad Aaba, Kwat, Bahan, Qata, Oman and

Bahan. O ths conts, thth UAE, Jo-

dan, and kyw sn to b th most lkly

to mov ahad wth a ncla pow poam nth mdm tm.

On o th pncpal fndns o th 0 stdy

was that bldn and mantann th ncssay

hman capacty to n both ncla poams

and pblc scto ncla-latd nstttons s

a ctcal componnt n th dvlopmnt o sa,

sc and sstanabl cvl ncla poams n

th Mddl East. T stdy ond that conts n

th on hav wdly vayn lvls o xpts

and that ach conty conzs th nd o l-anc on ntnatonal assstanc n vaos oms

n th na tm. It concldd that dpndnc on

INTRodUCTIoN

Modls o Aspant Cvl Ncla Eny Natons n th Mddl East, Bookns Insttton, Sptmb 7, 0 (Bookns 0). Each conty has xpssd an ntnton to hav d-connctd ncla pow n th nxt tn yas.


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2

a ncla pow poam: th UAE, Jodan, and

ky. Ts th conts dmonstat a va-

ty o statn condtons lkly to b ncontd

by oth mn makt conts lookn to

mplmnt ncla pow. T xpncs and

challns can tho b sn to hold valabl

lssons o oth aspant ncla ny stats

both n th Mddl East and aond th wold.

Basd on n-dpth ntvws wth ocals and

psntatvs om th conts nd vw

and psntatvs om xtnal ntnatonal

oanzatons as wll as th otpt om a ond-

tabl dscsson n May 0 hld n Ab Dhab,

th stdy otlns th xstn nstttonal capac-

ty and stats o th dvlopmnt o ncla

possonals n ach o th th conts. It po-

vds an ovvw o th majo hman soc

challns aanst a dfnd st o paamts and

conclds wth a ss o commndatons o

addssn ths challns.

T ss o HRD has takn on mo snfcanc

n th wak o th catastophc accdnt at th F-

kshma Dach plant n Japan n Mach 0. In

Jn 0 th IAEA pomlatd an Acton Plan

on Ncla Saty n spons to th accdnt.

On o th xplct commndatons o th IAEA

plan was th nd amon Mmb Stats mbak-

n on a ncla pow poam to stnthn,

dvlop, mantan and mplmnt th capacty

bldn poams, ncldn dcaton, tann

and xcss at th natonal, onal and nt-

natonal lvls; [and] to contnosly ns s-

fcnt and comptnt hman socs ncssay

to assm th sponsblty o sa, sponsbl

and sstanabl s o ncla tchnolos.3

Ts pap blds on th conclsons and com-

mndatons o th 0 Bookns pap and th

IAEA commndatons. It ocss on th ss o

HRD thoh cas stds o th th conts

n th on wth mdm-tm pospcts o

3 IAEA Acton Plan on Ncla Saty, Intnatonal Atomc Eny Ancy, Sptmb 0, p.5.


11/48




3

T pmay consdaton n wokoc plan-nn s an assssmnt o th psnt and t

comptncy qmnts latv to avalabl

sklls. o bld th ncssay lvl o hman ca-

pacty to constct, opat, mantan and -

lat a ncla pow poam, conts q a

cohnt, ntatd assssmnt o th nmb o

psonnl and skll sts qd o ach o th

poams nctonal aas. Wokoc plannn s

a vtal pocss n nsn that spcfc nstttons

hav th capacty to cay ot th wd natonal

objctvs o th cvl ncla pow poam. TIAEA commnds that nwcom conts con-

dct wokoc plannn assssmnts o ach o

th th pmay oanzatons nvolvd n th

stablshmnt o nw ncla poamsth n-

cla ny poam mplmntaton oanza-

ton (NEPIO); th lato; and th opatn o-

anzatonat ach o th th mlston phass

(asblty; st nvstaton and bd ppaatons;

dsn, constcton, and commssonn).

einition o Human esourceevelopment

T IAEAs Mlstons n th Dvlopmnt o

a Natonal Inastct o Ncla Pow

(Mlstons) docmnt dntfs HRD as on

o th 9 ky nastct sss that con-

ts shold addss whn mbakn on th d-

vlopmnt o a nw cvl ncla pow poam.

Howv, HRD s not a standalon consdaton;

most o th oth 8 ctcal nastct sss

om stablshmnt o a latoy amwok

to mncy plannn and wast manamnt

a ndpnnd by th nd o comptnt h-man captal.4

T fld o HRD ncompasss a wd an o

sss, ann om ctmnt to tmnt

plannn.5 Gvn th ocs o ths stdy on nw

commcal ncla pow stats, th aas o

HRD that a most lvant a:

Wokoc plannn

ann and Edcaton

Rctmnt Stakhold Enamnt

dEfINITIoNSANd ANAlYTICAl fRAmEwoRk

4 Mlstons n th Dvlopmnt o a Natonal Inastct o Ncla Pow, Intnatonal Atomc Eny Ancy, Sptmb 007.5 Accodn to th IAEA, th nn pncpal aas o HRD a: wokoc plannn, tann and dcaton, ctmnt, mnaton,

sccsson plannn, pomanc manamnt, ca manamnt, and tmnt. Fom Wokoc Plannn o Nw Ncla PowPoamms, Intnatonal Atomc Eny Ancy, Fbay 0.


12/48




4

to nt tann and dcaton poams, and o

possonal postons. Rctmnt nvolvs mo

than ntvws and th omal hn pocss o

ncla possonals. As th man mplmnta-

ton pocss o th wokoc plan, t shold b a

oos mt-basd pocss. Howv, t shold

b nomd byand lnkd to th boad

oals o th ncla poam, ncldn thos o

clt, possonal vals, and atttd, as wll as

th ap analyss sltn om th wokoc plan-

nn xcs. Rctmnt s also closly lnkd to

stakhold namnt: th sks, bnfts, and

oals o th cvl ncla poam a not com-

mncatd adqatly, th s th potntal o -

ctmntat both th acadmc and possonal

lvlsto b natvly actd.

S E

T IAEA mphaszs that t s o th tmost m-

potanc to povd oppotnts o stakhold

nvolvmnt and to look o nw ways to obtan

stakhold npt and commnds that all con-

ts cat nstmnts that nhanc stakhold

nvolvmnt wth ad to th dvlopmnt o

nw ncla pow pojcts.7 Whl th IAEA d-

fns stakhold namnt as a spaat kyss aa n Mlstons, ths stdy nclds t

as an ss that alls sqaly wthn th catoy

o HRD. T xtnt to whch ovnmnts and

pblc scto nstttons n th ncla scto

commncat and conslt wth oth stakhold-

snon-ovnmntal oanzatons, consm

ops, th mda, and th nal pblchas a

ston mpact on th dvlopmnt o th ncs-

say hman capacty to mak th poam vabl.

T ncla scto wll only attact hh-qalty

stdnts yon popl s th scto as a otto a wadn caboth n montay tms

as wll as satsacton n makn a contbton to

E

Onc th wokoc plannn pocss s complt,

nw ncla ny stats a acd wth th chal-

ln o addssn comptncy aps. Ts s don

pmaly thoh bldn p th acadmc and

vocatonal nastct o povdn a pp-

ln o sklld woks domstcally, o thoh

ctmnt o canddats om th domstc o

ntnatonal labo pool. Fo conts wth no x-

pnc n commcal-scal ncla pow, th

s lkly to b a lmtd xstn acadmc bas n

th qst ncla flds. Consqntly, con-

ts lookn to dvlop ndnos capacty ac

th snfcant challn o stablshn and sta-

n nvsts, colls, and oth tann acl-

ts at at admnstatv and fnancal xpns.

Sch nsttton bldn s also tm-consmn.

Accodn to th IAEA, som spcalsts n th

ncla fld q 5-0 yas o tann and

xpnc. T tm qd o nw domstc

dcatonal aclts to povd sch tann wll

b lon as th nstttons thmslvs wll nd

to b stablshd fst. Sch spcalsts, howv,

mak p only a mnoty o th ncssay wok-

oc. By som calclatons, only 0 to 35 pcnt

o th wokoc qd o a cvl ncla nypoam nd to b dcatd to a coll-d

lvl, and o ths nmb, only 0 pcnt nd to

hav a backond n ncla nnn.6 Whn

bldn p th dcatonal nastct to sp-

pot a cvl ncla ny poam, th opa-

tonal qmnts o th poam, ncldn th

nmb o popl and lvl o tann qd,

shold b a pmay consdaton.

Rctmnt s an ssntal aspct o HRD stat-

y mplmntaton both o canddats lookn

6 Psntaton by L Pddcod, dcto o Ncla Pow Insttt and posso o ncla nnn at xas A&M Unvsty, to IAEAGnal Connc, Vnna, Asta, Sptmb 0.

7 Stakhold Involvmnt n Ncla Isss, Intnatonal Atomc Eny Ancy, 006, p. 3.


13/48




5

Comptnc os byond th ablty o ndvdals

to pom th sponsblts. It also compss

a clt o saty and scty that pvads th

nt ncla scto at all lvls o th wokoc.

Indd, th IAEA maks cla that dvlopmnt o

a comptnt ncla wokoc has to nvolv cl-

tal as wll as tchncal dcaton. T a va-

os appoachs to saty clt: n som conts

th a ddcatd nvsty coss on saty

clt, whl n oths t s th pvw o ndvd-

al nstttons. Clt s also an ss whn n-

tatn xpatats: som latos hav ndc-

ton poams wh xpatats an an nsht

nto th wokplac dynamcs o th host conty.

Sb s to th xtnt to whch a

conty posssss th lon-tm hman capac-

ty qd to opat, mantan, and lat ts

cvl ncla pow assts.

On o th pncpal concns wth ad to ss-

tanablty s an ovlanc on xtnal xpts.

Sch lanc dn th aly stas o a ncla

pow poam s not n tsl a ason o con-

cn. In nstancs wh ncla pow s bn

dvlopd accodn to an acclatd schdl,

th s an obvos nd o a sbstantal amonto qalfd, xpncd hman captal to ns

th sa and sc stablshmnt o th poam;

ndd th IAEA commnds nwcom con-

ts should ly on ntnatonal xpts and

sppot oanzatons n stablshn th ncs-

say domstc nstttonal nastct, and

that nwcom conts may nc naccpt-

abl sks n tms o tm and costs thy ty to

bld a natonal capablty om scatch.9

Howv, n th lon tm, ovlanc by nw-com contsspcally thos lookn to d-

vlop snfcant ncla ny poamson x-

tnal xpts lavs sch conts sscptbl

socty and natonal owth. Fal to na n a

dalo wth cvl socty can slt n dobt ov

th ovnmnts commtmnt o capablts to

mana th poam, ladn to a lack o ctanty

on th pat o potntal cts.

ramework or nalysis

Ts stdy assms that a sccssl HRD stat-

y mst st on two cntal pllas: comptnc

and sstanablty.

C s th ablty o th host conty to b

an ntllnt cstom and a qalfd ovs

o a cvl ncla pow poam. Comptnc

can b sn as nsn that th ht popl a nth ht plac at th ht tm. T challns to

th dvlopmnt o a comptnt domstc ncla

wokoc ncld th stablshmnt and man-

tnanc o th hhst possonal standads. At

th most ndamntal lvl, comptnc qs

that ndvdals nvolvd n th constcton and

opaton o a ncla pow poam hav th

ncssay tann, sklls, and xpnc to n-

s onon saty and scty. Comptnc also

appls to th nstttons that hav sponsblty

o th lcnsn, laton and ovsht o thncla poam. T nd o latoy comp-

tnc s patclaly mpotant n nwcom cvl

ncla natons, whch a lkly to ly havly on

xtnal xpts n th ntal stas o th dvl-

opmnt o th poams. Whl n many cass

a thd paty may b th pmay ntty nvolvd

n th constcton and opaton o a nw plant,

th IAEA maks cla that th sponsblty o

saty o a ncla poam cannot b dlatd

to anoth conty o oanzaton.8 As th p-

sntatvs o th sovn host conty, la-tos nd to b abl to valat all aspcts o a nw

ncla pow poam wth ad to domstc

laws and ntnatonal bst pactc.

8 Ibd p. 7.9 Ibd, pp.5-8.


14/48




6

and pblc sppot. T pncpal consdaton

n achvn sch sppot s thoh ts stak-

hold namnt, an ncasnly mpotant

aspct o th dvlopmnt and mplmntaton

o a cvl ncla pow poam. In addton to

th pmay ovnmnt ntts, a an o oth

stakholds, ncldn th mda, NGOs, th

nal pblc, opnon lads, and natonal and

local ovnmnt ocals, hav a ol n th po-

ams sccss and sstanablty.

Stakhold nvolvmnt s an ntal compo-

nnt o HRD o two majo asons: to v l-

tmacy n th ys o th pblc to th ncla

poam tsl, and ths to ns t ans th

qst lvl o sppot om polcy maks,

pvat ndsty, and cvl socty; and to lay th

ondatons o th t wokoc by dcatn

th nxt naton abot th oppotnts o a

ca n th ncla scto. Fal to xct a

cla stakhold namnt staty can lad

to stakhold sk, n whch sstanc to ncla

pow n nal and dcd ntst on th pat

o wold-b ncla possonals thatns th

vablty and sstanablty o th poam.

to sstanablty sk o a vaty o asons. Wth

a la nmb o md-and sno lvl ncla

possonals st to t lobally ov th nxt

dcad, and sval nwcom conts compt-

n o scac hman captal, th challn to at-

tact and tan xtnal xpts s lkly to n-

cas ov tm.

Gvn th shot-tm nat o many o th m-

ploymnt contacts od by mn ncla-

ny conts, patclaly n th Mddl East,

th nsstanablty o th wokoc has th po-

tntal to b xacbatd by a lack o lon-tm

job scty o xpatat mploys, who may

b mo lkly to sk altnatv mploymnt at

qnt ntvals. Fnally, n th vnt o a css

whth conomc, poltcal, o nvonmntal

th ablty o xpatats, who on lack lt-

mat athoty, to spond ctvly, and th

wllnnss to man n-conty n th amath

may b sbjct to qston. On o th pncpal

ways to ns sstanablty s thoh th d-

vlopmnt o a ppln o ndnos posson-

als, whch n tn qs a sond dcatonal

nastct and staty o hman soc

dvlopmnt.

A la pat o th sstanablty o a ncla po-

am s th xtnt to whch t njoys nstttonal


15/48




7

schdld to b onln by 00a tmam that

s hhly ambtos o a nw ncla ny stat.

In Novmb 00, ENEC, th ntty that s -sponsbl o th ownshp, constcton and d-

ploymnt o th contys ncla pow plants,

cvd lcnss om FANR o st ppaaton

and lmtd constcton o non-plant lmnts

at th st o th ncla pow plant n Baakah,

n wstn UAE. Ts was ollowd n Jly 0

by nvonmntal appoval o th Baakah st as

wll as th awadn o ll constcton lcnss

o th fst two actos. ENEC has snc statd

constcton on th fst o o ncla actos.

ational Strategy or Humanesources evelopment

T UAEs 008 polcy pap statd that any n-

dtakn by th UAE to dvlop a ncla pow

poam wold b accompand by a staty to

stnthn hman socs to mt t sta-

n qmnts. T docmnt lad ot th

nd o th dvlopmnt o scnt socs

to lat, mana, opat, and mantan th

saty o ncla aclts, and th nd o asklld cad o ncla nns, tchncans

and latoy psonnl.

uclear Power Program Status

O th th conts nd vw, th UAEhas mad th most poss to dat towad th

dvlopmnt o a cvl ncla pow capacty.

Follown th las o ts polcy pap n 008,

th conty stablshd a lal amwok and n-

stttonal bass o th poam wth th oma-

ton o th Emats Ncla Eny Copoaton

(ENEC) and th Fdal Athoty o Ncla

Rlaton (FANR).0

A a compttv dalo wth a ss o po-

spctv vndos, th UAE ad to pchas oncla actos om a Koan consotm ld by

th Koan Elctc Pow Company (KEPCO) n

009. T amnt mad povson o th con-

stcton and ntal opaton o o APR400

ncla actos wth a combnd pow na-

ton capacty o 5600MW. T amnt btwn

th UAE and KEPCO mad povson o assoc-

atd l spply, mantnanc, and tann and

dcaton o Emat ncla possonals.

Accodn to th UAEs natonal staty, th fsto th contys ncla actos s schdld

to b opatonal n 07, wth all o actos

UNITEd ARAb EmIRATES

0 Polcy o th Untd Aab Emats on th Evalaton and Potntal Dvlopmnt o Pacl Ncla Eny, th UAE ovnmnt, Apl0, 008.

Ibd, p.4.


16/48




8

to mploy dvlopmnt. Basd on an ntnal

vw, ENEC pojcts t wll nd btwn 900

and ,000 popatonal sta by 06, a com-

bnd wokoc o aond ,400 popatonal

and opatonal sta n 07 whn th UAEs fst

acto s pojctd to com onln, and a p-

mannt opatonal sta o aond 00 n 00,

whn th contys o actos a schdld

to b opatonal (s 1 o mo dtals).

Accodn to ENECs valatons, only a mnoty

o th plants sta nd to b ncla nns.

Oth possonals wll ncld mchancal, lc-

tcal, chmcal and pow nns; compt

scntsts; and tchncans. ENEC says that IAEAs

danc on HRD has hlpd t to mplmnt th

commcal aspcts o HRD and has povdd

hlpl bnchmaks and pspctv.

T conty s takn a wd ann appoach

to HRD n th cvl ncla scto. Ts staty

s ld by ENEC and FANR n collaboaton wth

domstc and ntnatonal acadmc nstttons

and th Koan vndo consotm. Both ENEC

and FANR hav dvlopd ovachn ntnal

hman soc dvlopmnt stats and a

povdn npt to th dsn o tann po-

ams amd at dvlopn a ncla wokoc.

EEC

As th UAEs Ncla Eny Poam Implmn-

taton Oanzaton (NEPIO), ENEC s takn

a boad and dntatd appoach to ts HRD

staty. T copoaton has a dpatmnt dd-

catd to capacty bldn and tann and anoth-

Atho ntvw wth ENEC xctvs, Janay 0.

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0

2012 2019201820172016201520142013 2020

Pre-Ops Ops

Cumulative Resources 2012-2020

Figure 1: Estmatd Hman Rsocs o th UAEs Ncla Pow Poam

Source: ENEC


17/48




9

poam, whl adat stdnts a qd to

wok o twc th lnth o th acadmc po-

ams. In 0, ENEC od 75 postons to Em-

at stdnts n th ncla ny scholashp po-

am.3

Higher Diploma in Nuclear echnology

o addss th dmand o sklld ncla tchn-

cans and oth non-nnn plant psonnl,

th UAEs Insttt o Appld chnoloy (IA)

s dvlopn a postsconday vocatonal tan-

n poam calld a Hh Dploma n Ncla

chnoloy (HDN). T HDN poam, whch

has bn dvlopd by IA n coodnaton wth

ENEC and KEPCO, s th ashp poam o Ab

Dhab Polytchnc, a nw nsttton stablshd

to tan possonals o mploymnt n aas o

mn tchnolos. Stdnts n th HDN

cos a sponsod by ENEC, whch aan-

ts mploymnt to adats o th poam.

T poams syllabs, whch was dvlopd n

clos collaboaton wth KEPCO, combns n-

al acadmc and tchncal nstcton at th

IA wth on-th-job tann at opatn actos

ovsas ncldn th APR400 nc ac-

to n Bsan, Soth Koa, whch wll sv as thmodl o th UAEs plants. T naal class o

stdnts matclatd n Sptmb 0, and th

HDN poam cvd acadmc accdtaton

n Fbay o 0 ollown appoval om an

xtnal vw tam compsd o aclty mm-

bs om U.S. nvsts and lswh. T

poam s a th-ya ll tm cos o stdy,

whch tans stdnts n th ndamntals o n-

nn, ncla tchnoloy and APR400 sys-

tms as wll as povdn o acadmc qats

o on-th-job tann n Soth Koa. T po-am os stdnts th oppotnty to spcalz

n ppaaton o spcfc ols, ncldn plant

opatos, chmsts, adaton potcton tchn-

cans, nstmntaton and contol tchncans,

Toh ts Capacty Bldn am, ENEC s

adoptn a mlt-pond appoach to dvlop-

n th wokoc ncssay o opaton o ts

ncla pow plants.

University Degrees in Nuclear Engineering; Schol-

arship Program

T ondaton o th UAEs t cad o

ncla nns a th omal ds od

domstcally by th Khala Unvsty o Sc-

nc, chnoloy and Rsach, and ntnaton-

ally thoh patnshps wth ovsas nvs-

ts. Khala Unvsty os a two-ya Masts

d that s opn only to UAE natonals. T

poam cts canddats wth ndadat

ds n lvant nnn, scnc o math-

basd flds, and compss a co taht cc-

lm, a sl-dctd pojct componnt, and fld

tps o th povson o hands-on xpnc and

tann. T s cntly no ncla nnn

ndadat d od wthn th UAE.

In patnshp wth FANR, ENEC povds st-

dnts lookn to ps a ca n th ncla fld

wth a ll scholashp. T UAE Ncla Eny

Scholashp ntatv s a collaboaton btwnENEC, FANR, and Khala Unvsty. T schola-

shp poam s amd at ttn UAE natonals to

stdy ncla, chmcal, lctcal, and mchancal

nnn at th ndadat lvl and ncla

nnn at th adat lvl n th UAE tsl

o at nstttons n Koa o th Untd Stats. St-

dnts that lfll th nty qmnts a povd-

d wth ll tton, a stpnd, and a pomanc-

basd bons. Upon adaton, thos stdnts who

hav cvd a scholashp a qd to wok

o ENEC, FANR o Khala Unvsty o a mn-mm pod o tm (sbjct to th qmnts o

thos nstttons); adats om ndadat

poams a qd to wok o at last th lnth

o tm thy w stdyn nd th scholashp

3 75 Scholashps Avalabl n Gown Ncla Eny Indsty, Emats Ncla Eny Copoaton, May 4, 0. (http://nc.ov.a/mda-cnt/nws/contnt/nc-opns-0-ntak-o-ncla-ny-scholashp-poam).
http://enec.gov.ae/media-centre/news/content/enec-opens-2012-intake-for-nuclear-energy-scholarship-programhttp://enec.gov.ae/media-centre/news/content/enec-opens-2012-intake-for-nuclear-energy-scholarship-programhttp://enec.gov.ae/media-centre/news/content/enec-opens-2012-intake-for-nuclear-energy-scholarship-programhttp://enec.gov.ae/media-centre/news/content/enec-opens-2012-intake-for-nuclear-energy-scholarship-program


18/48




10

tans and danc. As pat o ts scholashp

poam, ENEC also snds scholashp stdnts

to Sol o th Scholashp Koan Indsty Po-

am, whch povds thm wth an oppotnty

to obsv an opatonal ncla plant and mt

wth ncla ndsty oanzatons.

SUDO High School Program

Collaboaton wth Koan dcatonal nstt-

tons s also bn xtndd to ncld hh-school

stdnts thoh th SUDO poam, whch s

a collaboaton btwn ENEC, IA, KEPCO, and

th Sol-basd Sdo Elctc chncal Hh

School. Toh th poam, th-ad hh

school stdnts a vn th oppotnty to tav-

l to Koa dn th smm to stdy pactcal

and thotcal aspcts o th cvl ncla nds-

ty. T annal poam was fst od n th

smm o 00. In 0, 36 hh school stdnts

mad th -day vst.

In addton to th Capacty Bldn tam, ENEC

has anoth ntatv ocsd on Copoat and

chncal ann and Lann and Dvlop-

mnt. Accodn to ENEC, ths ntatv stab-

lshs tann and dcaton poams o allmploys on an onon bass.

Culture and Recruitment

ENEC says t s lyn on sno ncla nds-

ty xpts to dsn, mplmnt, and nt

a ncla saty clt acoss ts oanzaton,

and th IAEA has pasd th copoaton o ts

poss n ths ad, fndn that n ts 0 In-

tatd Ncla Inastct Rvw (INIR),

that ENECs and FANRs mplmntaton o satyclt thohot th spctv oanzatons

consttts a ood pactc.5

lctcal mantnanc tchncans, and mchan-

cal mantnanc tchnolosts.

Senior Reactor Operator Program

o bld a cad o manas and sno-lvl s-

pvsos, ENEC has nstttd a Sno Racto

Opato Plot Poam. Accodn to ENEC, th

tann poam, whch s opn to qalfd n-

ns, nclds basc tann n plant systms and

ndamntals o ncla tchnoloy wth ov

480 hos o smlato tann. T poam,

whch s condctd n patnshp wth Wstn-

hos, adatd ts fst op o Sno Racto

Opato stdnts n 0. Ts fst class o st-

dnts wll bn plant-spcfc tann n acto

thoy ndamntals, plant systms, and on-th-

job-tann at opatn ncla pow plants n

Soth Koa n Fbay 03. T plant-spcfc

tann nclds an addtonal 600 hos o ad-

vancd smlato tann and ov ,800 hos o

on-th-job-tann.

Vendor country training programs

T KEPCO-ld Koan consotm constctn

th UAEs fst o ncla actos s an ntalpat o ENECs tann and hman soc stat-

y. Accodn to th tms o th pmay con-

tact, KEPCO s to povd p to 60 pcnt o th

opatn sta o th plants ncssay.4 an-

n and hman-soc dvlopmnt a ncld-

d nd th tms o th contactal amnt

btwn ENEC and th consotm. Accodn

to ENEC, collaboaton wll ncld on-th-job

tann o sno Emat psonnl at Koa

Hydo & Ncla Pow (KHNP), a sbsday o

KEPCO, as wll as a mnton poam thohwhch xpncd Koan possonals wll b

assnd to tans om th UAE o knowld

4 Td Sm-Annal Rpot 0, Foth Sm-Annal Rpot 0, and Fh Sm-Annal Rpot 0, Intnatonal Advsoy Boad,0-0.

5 Rpot on th Intatd Ncla Inastct Rvw (INIR) Msson to Rvw th Stats o th Natonal Ncla Inastct n thUAE, Intnatonal Atomc Eny Ancy, Janay 0, p.5.


19/48




11

consstn pdomnantly o UAE possonals

wth sppot om ntnatonal xpts.

In ts plans o dvlopn ts domstc wokoc,

FANR s basn ts staty closly on tchncal

advc om th IAEA, and patclaly th com-

ptncy amwok otlnd by IAEA chdoc

54.9 Its staty s basd on o man tchncal

aas o whch sta nd to b tand: scty,

saads, adaton saty, and ncla saty; as

wll as th knowld lvls:

B : povdn th basc concpts

and pncpls o saty, scty and sa-

ads. Basc lvl tann qs tan-

s to attnd both ntnal and xtnal

poams. T latt nclds a masts

d poam n patnshp wth th

Koan Insttt o Ncla Saty and

th Koa Advancd Insttt o Scnc

and chnoloy; and dstanc-lann

postadat poams on halth and

saty n patnshp wth Rsktc, a man-

amnt consltn company, and Lv-

pools John Moos Unvsty n th

Untd Kndom. It also sponsos tan-

n poams thoh th Gl NclaEny Inastct Insttt (GNEII,

dscbd lat n ths scton).

Sz : ppan sta to con-

dct tasks o lmtd complxty nd

th spvson o a mo sno sta.

Spcalzd tann s blt aond sv-

al qalfcaton poams. T Inspc-

to Qalfcaton Poamm s nomd

by a qalfcaton commtt that was

Sno ENEC xctvs mphasz th copoa-

tons ots at nstlln a tanspant and blam-

wokn nvonmnt, and th company has

nstttd a polcy whby any mploy can n-

tat a stop wok od at any tm thy l a

staton s nsa.6

In addton to ts wok on saty clt, ENEC

s also wokn on nsn that ts mploys

sbscb to a dsd st o wokn standads

and lvl o motvaton. In valatn canddats

o ts scholashp poam, ENEC xctvs say

thy hav nstttd a oos fltn systm to

dnty commttd stdnts, whch nclds both

psychomtc and apttd tstn. Accodn to

ENEC, comptton o jobs at th copoaton s

fc, and th copoatons at o attton n

aly 0 o svn pcnt was n ln wth ts

tats.7

T Fdal Athoty o Ncla Rlaton

(FANR)s HRD staty s basd on shot, m-

dm, and lon-tm oals. In th na tm, th

lato conzs that t nds to ct th

qst nmb o qalfd sta to stablsh acomphnsv lal and latoy amwok

o th cvl ncla scto, and condct all l-

cnsn pocds and nspctons. Ts sta,

mch o whch s alady n plac, nclds a la

nmb o xpatat mploys.8 In th mdm

tm, FANR plans to dvlop a sklld cad o

UAE natonals to tak on an ncasn nmb o

sponsblts as th lato whl tann a

snfcant lmnt o ntnatonal psonnl. In

th lon tm, th lato ss ts wokoc

6 S ENEC wbsts Clt o Saty scton. (http://www.nc.ov.a/clt-o-saty// )7 Intvw wth ENEC ocals, Janay 0.8 As o May 0, FANRs sta compsd 5 pcnt xpatats, and 48 pcnt Emats, wth a majoty o opatonal postons flld by

xpatats and th majoty o admnstatv postons flld by Emats. FANR Capacty Bldn Poam, psntaton by FANR, May0.

9 ann th Sta o th Rlatoy Body o Ncla Faclts: A Comptncy Famwok, IAEA-cdoc-954, Intnatonal AtomcEny Ancy, Novmb 00.
http://www.enec.gov.ae/culture-of-safety//http://www.enec.gov.ae/culture-of-safety//


20/48




12

ppas a wok plan, asssts th mnt

n sttn dvlopmntal oals, and po-

vds dback to th mnt on a qa-

tly bass.

An ovvw o FANRs knowld amwok s

psntd n 2.

Relationship with Korean Vendor Partner

FANR mphaszs th mpotanc o th UAEs

Koan patns n bldn ts hman capacty. In

addton to th adat d poam otlnd

abov, th contact wth KEPCO maks povson

o xtnsv tann sppot om th Koan

patn. FANR cntly has a scond om th

Koan Insttt o Ncla Saty amon ts sta

n Ab Dhab.

stablshd nd th amwok o th

FANRs ntatd manamnt systm.

Oth poams nd dvlopmnt n-

cld a Saty Asssso Qalfcaton

Poamm, a Scty Qalfcaton

Poamm, Saads Qalfcaton

Poamm, and a tann poam o

Emncy Ppadnss and Rspons.

: ppan th sta to

pom tasks nd th own spon-

sblty n an atonomos way. Advanc

lvl tann s cntd on th concpt

o on-th-job tann, and s pdom-

natly sppotd by FANRs nsttton-

wd mnton poam thoh whch

sta mmbs a assnd a mo sno

mnto wthn th oanzaton, who

Figure 2: UAE Fdal Athoty o Ncla Rlaton Knowld Famwok

Kowldg

Lvl

Basc (2 yas)

Scalzd (2

yas)

Advacd (2

yas)

OperAtiOnS AreAS

Security Saeguards Radiation

Saety

Nuclear

Saety

FANR amiliarization Programme

Risktec Programme / GNEII / Kaist-KINS

Secondments at NRC / KINS / IAEA

Inspector Qualifcation Programme

Training on Emergency Planning and Response

Saety Assessor Qualifcation

Programme

On-the-job

Training

On-the-job

Training

On-the-job

Training

On-the-job

Training

Technical

Workshops

Technical

Workshops

Technical

Workshops

Technical

Workshops

TraineeDevelo

pmenT

Source: FANR


21/48




13

stdnts om aond th Gl Coopaton Con-

cl and Jodan, clmnats n a capston sach

pojct. In 0, at last stdnts compltd th

taht lmnts o th ndamntals cos, ac-

codn to Khala Unvsty.

Cb

In addton to th GNEII poam and th oth

ntnatonal poams pvosly ncd n

ths pot, th UAE has nad n a nmb o

oth oms o ntnatonal namnt n od

to dvlop ts HRD capacty. T UAE s a mm-

b o sval ntnatonal ntwoks and has

snd Ncla Coopaton Amnts wth

Fanc, Japan, Soth Koa, th Untd Kndom,

and th Untd Stats. T UAE s also nad n

tchncal coopaton wth th IAEA on a an

o HRD sss.

Pb S

E

Fom th pblcaton o ts 008 polcy pap ot-

lnn th concpt o cvl ncla pow and th

stps and sss that ndd to b consdd n

ts dvlopmnt, th UAE ovnmnt has dm-onstatd an ndstandn o th nd to na

wth and nom th pblc. Toh pblc no-

maton sssons and cova o cvl ncla d-

vlopmnt n th ovnmnt-ownd nwspaps,

th pblc has bn kpt abast o th poss o

th poam. Dspt th catastophc accdnt n

Fkshma n 0, a poll n Jn 0 condctd

by NS, an ntnatonal sach fm, ond that

85 pcnt o a sampl o 750 Emat sdnts saw

th ncla poam as bn mpotant o th

conty wth 60 pcnt sayn thy wold sppotth constcton o a ncla pow plant n th

own mat. Whl th fs o pblc sppot

o th poam mst b consdd n th contxt o

a conty wth a ovnmnt-contolld pss and

Culture and Knowledge Management

As ts na-tm staty o wokoc dvlop-

mnt wll ncld a la nmb o xpatat

possonals, FANR mphaszs th nd to p-

pa on woks o th wokn clt n

th UAE. o do ths t has mplmntd an ndc-

ton poam o nw ntnatonal sta, whch

nclds lssons on cltal awanss. It has also

ntatd a poam thoh whch all mploys

ncldn non-tchncal mploys a nto-

dcd to th ndamntals o th ncla nds-

ty n od to pomot a clt o saty, anoth

lmnt o bst pactc dntfd by th IAEA.0

FANR acknowlds th challn o bldn

and mantann nstttonal knowld. o ad-

dss ths ss, t has mplmntd a databas

that nclds pocds and lssons land

om tann poams. As pat o ts ntatd

manamnt stct, t s wokn wth th

IAEA to omalz qalty assanc pocsss

and pocds, whch can b sd as a soc

by all mploys.

H

GNEII Program

Anoth tann ntatv sppotd by ENEC,

FANR and Khala Unvsty s th Gl Ncla

Eny Inastct Insttt (GNEII), a patn-

shp btwn Khala Unvsty, Sanda Natonal

Laboatos and xas A&M Unvstys Ncla

Scty Scnc and Polcy Insttt. T nta-

tv s ntndd to povd a onal dcatonal,

tann and sach hb o pomotn a ncla

saty, saads, and scty clt, accodnto Khala Unvsty, wh t s basd. T pma-

y ocs o th GNEII poam s th Fndamn-

tals cos, whch ocss on saads, scty,

and saty. T 6-wk cos, whch s opn to

0 Stats and nds n Ncla Edcaton, IAEA Ncla Eny Ss No. NG--6., Intnatonal Atomc Eny Ancy, 0, p..


22/48




14

n pblc scto postons latv to thos aval-

abl n th pvat scto. It s also d to th

latvly small popoton o th UAEs popla-

ton that compss UAE natonals; accodn to

th UAEs Natonal Ba o Statstcs, Emat

natonals accontd o an stmatd pcnt

o th poplaton n md 00, th latst ya o

whch fs a pblshd.3

T cvl ncla ndsty povds a nq chal-

ln o th UAE. T nstttons sponsbl

o th dvlopmnt and ovsht o th ncla

poam a n th pblc scto. Howv, to mt

th poams ambtos tmln, thy hav bn

stablshd on th bass o a la amont o xpa-

tat xpts. T sam s lkly to b t n th

aly stas o opaton o th ncla plants: v-

n th UAEs lack o xpnc n th cvl ncla

scto, th contact wth th KEPCO-ld conso-

tm nclds a povson that th Koan vndos

wll hlp opat th plant a constcton. Wth

xpatats sponsbl o ky aspcts o th n-

cla poam and latd nstttons, and lkly

to man so o th osabl t, an as-

sv Ematzaton polcy n th cvl ncla scto

coms wth snfcant sk. Ematzaton oals n

th UAEs pvat scto hav povn nsccsslas, nabl to fnd UAE natonals to fll th qota,

ntnatonal copoatons hav optd to pay fns

ath than comply wth tats.4 Howv, as th

cvl ncla poam s ovnmnt ntps, t

wll not hav th opton o non-complanc stct

Ematzaton tats a mantand. In sch c-

cmstancs, th s a pospct o th dsplacmnt

o qalfd sta wth lss qalfd and xp-

ncd psonnl to th potntal dtmnt o th

poams saty and scty.

wthot a obst cvl socty, th d o com-

mncaton btwn th UAE ovnmnt and th

pblc s n contast to that o oth conts, no-

tably Jodan (s scton 4 o mo dtals).

T UAE ovnmnt has also potzd ot-

ach to hh school stdnts as an mpotant

pat o ts HRD staty. T IAEA commnds

that otach actvty towad sconday school

and/o sconday school tachs s an mpotant

and ood pactc, and ths danc has bn

ollowd by ENEC thoh th SUDO poam

and thoh an ntatv to to hh schools to

as awanss abot th ncla poam.

ChallengesEz

Wth an conomy dpndnt on th sal o ol,

as, and latd podctsand ndsts l-

ant on low-cost nyth UAE s lookn to

dvsy ts conomc and possonal bas to

ns ts lon-tm sstanablty. On o th

pncpal mchansms o ths dvsfcaton s

th dv towad Ematzatonth ncasd

patcpaton o UAE natonalsn both th pb-lc and pvat scto labo ocs. T sccss

o Ematzaton to dat has bn vsbl manly

n th pblc scto, wh aond 60 to 70 p-

cnt o mploys a UAE natonals. In th p-

vat scto, th f s lss than 0 pcnt, d-

spt th ovnmnt havn st qota tats o

spcfc ndsts sch as bankn, nsanc,

and tad. T dspaty s d n la pat to

th hh salas, mo nos bnfts, and

shot wokn hos that UAE natonals njoy

Jan Wllams, Ematsaton: T Way Fowad? INSEAD, Jly 5, 0; Ematsaton Hdls Rman, National, Mach , 0.(http://www.thnatonal.a/nws/a-nws/matsaton-hdls-man).

John Ravn, Ematzn th dcaton scto n th UAE: contxtalzaton and challns, Edcaton, Bsnss and Socty:Contmpoay Mddl Eastn Isss, Vol. 4 Iss: , pp.34-4, 0.

3 UAE Natonal Ba o Statstcs, Poplaton Estmats 006-00, Mach 0. (http://www.astatstcs.ov.a/RpotPDF/Poplaton%0Estmats%0006%0-%000.pd ).

4 Essa Al Mlla, Exctv dcto o th Emats Natonals Dvlopmnt Poamm, qotd n TeNational, Mach , 0.
http://www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/emiratisation-hurdles-remainhttp://www.uaestatistics.gov.ae/ReportPDF/Population%20Estimates%202006%20-%202010.pdfhttp://www.uaestatistics.gov.ae/ReportPDF/Population%20Estimates%202006%20-%202010.pdfhttp://www.uaestatistics.gov.ae/ReportPDF/Population%20Estimates%202006%20-%202010.pdfhttp://www.uaestatistics.gov.ae/ReportPDF/Population%20Estimates%202006%20-%202010.pdfhttp://www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/emiratisation-hurdles-remain


23/48




15

dal nvsts, asd ts nty qalfcatons

to thos o ts ps. T slt was a shap down-

tn n th nmb o stdnts lbl to noll.6

Evn n cass wh ncomn stdnts do hav

th ncssay qalfcatons, th actal acadm-

c ablty can all shot o th mnmm q-

mnts ncssay to sccd n tchncal dsc-

plns sch as ncla tchnoloy. In at last on

cas, th cclm o a ncla-latd hh

dcaton cos has had to b adaptd to ac-

commodat th ndpomanc o nolld

stdnts. T msmatch btwn th dmands o

ncla-latd tann and dcaton coss

and th ablts o pospctv and ncomn st-

dnts has th potntal to natvly act both

th Ematzaton oals and th lon-tm ss-

tanablty o th UAEs cvl ncla poam.

C S

T challn o mtn th la stan -

qmnts o th UAEs ncla poam s com-

pondd by th comptton o qalfd po-

ssonalspatclaly nnsom oth

stablshd and nascnt ndstal sctos. Ab

Dhabs Economc Vson 030 sts a tat o nonol-scto latd GDP o 64 pcnt, p om 4

pcnt n 005.7 o achv ths oal, th m-

at s dvlopn a nmb o statc ndsts

ncldn smcondctos, aospac, and nw-

abl ny tchnolos. Each o ths sctos

wll povd addtonal dmands on th contys

lmtd pool o talnt. o th xtnt that ths n-

dsts can attact stdnts to d coss o

nnn adats, thy wll compt wth th

ncla ndstys hman socs staty.

Q C

In od to mt th wokoc qmnts

and oals o Ematzatonn th ncla sc-

to, th UAE has dvlopd plans o a mlt-

pond appoach to dcaton and tann

as otlnd abov. T sccss o th contys

stctd appoach to wokoc dvlopmnt

wll dpnd pon contnd poltcal and fnan-

cal commtmnt, and th ablty o th poams

to attact qalfd canddats and dvlop thm

nto possonals wth th qst knowld,

sklls, and xpnc. Whl th UAEs cvl-

ncla latd tann and dcaton poams

a stll latvly nw, th a ndcatons that

n som cass poams a havn dclty n

ctn stdnts wth th mnmm lvls o

dcatonal attanmnt ncssay to complt a

ncla-latd cos o stdy.

In an ndcaton o th challn acd by hh-

dcaton nstttons whn tyn to ct

stdnts, a 00 pap by th UAEs Knowld

and Hman Dvlopmnt Athoty ond that,

[o]a hypothtcal op o 00 mal Emat

stdnts commncn Gad 6 pblc school-

n, cnt fs sst 3 wll adat ontm, 47 wll b kpt bhnd at last onc and

ths cannot adat on tm, and wll lav

dcaton pmanntly.5 T pot notd that

th waknsss n th pblc school cclm,

copld wth th hh dopot at svly -

stct th nmb o natonal stdnts abl to n-

oll at hh stats nvsts wthot an ntal

ondaton ya po to mbakn pon omal

ndadat stdy. T scal o th challn

was ndlnd n 0 whn th Hh Col-

ls o chnoloy, th last o th UAEs th

5 Dba Schools Inspcton Ba Annal Rpot 00, Knowld and Hman Dvlopmnt Athoty, 00, p.43.6 Hndds o UAE Stdnts nd Down o Placs at Unvsty, National, Jly 5, 0.7 T Ab Dhab Economc Vson 030, Govnmnt o Ab Dhab, Novmb 008.


24/48




16

nlabl ossl ls In addton, Jodans dscovy

o anm socs has stnthnd ts ntst

n ncla ny; th ovnmnts vws ts a-nm dposts as a potntally sc, domstc l

soc o ts actos, as wll as a vn soc

o ndn ts fst ncla pow plant.

JAECs poposal s to hav a 700-00 MW ac-

to opatn by 00, and a scond by 05. o

achv ths, th Commsson s psn a two-

tack staty: th slcton o an nnn,

pocmnt, and constcton (EPC) contacto

to povd th acto tchnoloy and constc-

ton, and th slcton o a statc patn to s-tablsh a jont tlty to opat th plant.

In May 00, JAEC shotlstd th fms o

povson o th acto tchnoloy and con-

stcton: Ava and Mtsbsh Havy Indsts

(AMEA acto), AECL Canada (CANDU-6

acto), and AtomStoyExpot (AES-9 VVER-

000 acto). On May , 0, JAEC concldd

that th AMEA- and AES-9 tchnolos a

th bst two valatd contnds n mtn th

qmnts and nds o Jodan as spcfd nth Bd Invtaton Spcfcatons.30 JAEC has n-

uclear Power Program Status

Btwn 004 and 006 th ovnmnt o Jo-dan ntatd a stdy to xamn vaos optons

to mt th contys ny nds, ncldn

th potntal o ncla pow. In Janay 007,

Kn Abdllah statd pblcly that Jodan was

lookn at ncla pow o pacl and ny

pposs, and by th nd o that ya an pdatd

Natonal Mast Staty o Eny was ssd

whch calld o sx pcnt o Jodans ny mx

to b mt wth ncla pow by 00.8 In Sp-

tmb 0 th Jodan Atomc Eny Comms-

son (JAEC), wth th assstanc o Woly Pa-sons, ssd a Wht Pap on Ncla Eny n

Jodan dscbn th slts o a p-asblty

stdy and th laboatn th polcy atonal

o ncla ny.9

T cntal motvaton n th contys dcson

to xplo a cvlan ncla ny poam s ts

nsstanabl domstc ny staton: wth s-

n dmand and lmtd natal socs, Jodan s

naly compltly dpndnt on mpots o ncas-

nly xpnsv and, n lht o cnt la at-tacks on th Aab Gas Ppln (AGP) om Eypt,

JoRdAN

8 Fo socs and th nomaton on th actvts n ths pod, s Bookns 0.9 T p-asblty stdy was condctd n 00 n coopaton wth th IAEA sn th Ancys scnao modln tchnqs. Soc:

Wht Pap on Ncla Eny n Jodan, JAEC and Woly Pasons, Sptmb 0. (JAEC 0).30 JAEC Conclds chnoloy Evalaton Phas o Jodan Ncla Pow Plant, Jodan Atomc Eny Commsson, May , 0. (http://

jac.ov.jo/Nws/NwsDtals.aspx?nd=30)
http://jaec.gov.jo/News/NewsDetails.aspx?nid=30http://jaec.gov.jo/News/NewsDetails.aspx?nid=30http://jaec.gov.jo/News/NewsDetails.aspx?nid=30http://jaec.gov.jo/News/NewsDetails.aspx?nid=30


25/48




17

Unlk th UAE, Jodan dos not hav th fnan-

cal socs to mpot xtnal sklls n la

qantts. In conton o ths alts, th

Jodanan ovnmnt has ocsd pmaly on

tann and dcaton, wth a lon-tm oal o

havn ts ncla poamboth at th lato-

y and opatonal lvlsstad pmaly wth

Jodanan natonals.34 o achv ths oal, th

ovnmnt s lyn on a vaty o appoachs

and tools, wth JAEC sponsbl o coodnatn

ovall ots.

Jodan has a wll dvlopd acadmc nastc-

t, povdn a ston ondaton n dscplns

qd o a ncla pow poam. T con-

ty has 5 nvsts (0 pblc and 5 pvat)

on BSc ds n physcs, chmsty, bolo-

y, halth physcs, lctcal, mchancal, ndst-

al, chmcal and ncla nnn. In addton,

th a 35 commnty colls (5 pblc and 0

pvat). JAEC has mphaszd th nd o nst-

ttonal collaboaton n od to stablsh tch-

ncal tann and ctfcaton n sch aas as

basc ncla pncpls, adolocal halth po-

tcton, and ncla matal handln.

35

Jordan University of Science & echnology

T Jodan Unvsty o Scnc and chnoloy

(JUS) stablshd a ncla nnn dpat-

mnt n 007 to tan t acto opatos by

on a fv-ya BSc cos o stdy wth 60

cdt hos. T poam has o aclty mm-

bs and s qppd wth adaton dtcton

labs. T poam has 45 stdnts and th fst

batch o 9 stdnts adatd n Jn 0, o

dcatd t wll tak nn months to notat wth

ach fm ov fnancal and lctcty at dtals

bo makn th fnal slcton n tm o con-

stcton to bn somtm n 03.3

In addton to th acto notatons, n Fb-

ay 0 JAEC qstd bds o a statc pat-

n n th jont tlty om GDF Sz o Fanc,

Datan o Chna, Rosatom o Rssa, and Kansa

Elctc Pow o Japan. Accodn to JAEC, ths

bds a xpctd n lat 0.

JAEC nvsons that th tlty opato wll b 50

pcnt ownd by th ovnmnt and 50 pcnt

by oth nvstos. Elctcty wll b sold nd a

pow pchas amnt (PPA) to Jodans Na-

tonal Elctc Pow Company (NEPCO), whch

s th tansmsson company and systm opato

n Jodan. Lmtd cos fnancn wll b sd

o th pojct, wth dbt (70 pcnt) and qty

(30 pcnt) povdd om vaty o socs.

T ovnmnt has ndcatd that t ntnds to

s vns natd om anm mnn o

ts poton o th fnancn.

ational Strategy or Human

esources evelopment

Govnmnt ocals and oths nvolvd n Jo-

dans cvl ncla poam acknowld that h-

man soc dvlopmnt s on o th cntal

challns conontn th poam.3 Whl th

contys nvsts podc ov 8000 ad-

ats n scntfc flds ach ya, Jodan dos

not cntly hav a scnt bas o doms-

tc psonnl wth th possonal and tch-

ncal sklls qd o th dvlopmnt and

mplmntaton o a ncla pow poam.33

3 Jodan Ents alks wth Rssan, Fnch Fms ov Ncla Racto, Jordan imes, Apl 9, 0.3 In addton to bn ctd by ocals n dscssons wth th athos, HRD s also addssd n JAEC 0.33 JAEC, 0.34 JAEC ocals hav acknowldd that ths appoach, n whch Jodanan natonals a nvolvd n vy aspct o a ncla pow plant wll

tak a naton. Commnt om a JAEC ocal, qotd n Edcaton Ky to Jodan Ncla Ft Expts,Jordan imes, Dcmb7, 00.

35 Inomaton n ths paaaph was povdd to th athos by JAEC n May 0. (JAEC psntaton, May 0)


26/48




18

adatd abot 0 stdnts p ya. Howv,

th poam has bn sspndd d a nw n-

vsty-wd qmnt that all stdnts com-

plt a thss as pat o th adat ds. As

th a only two aclty mmbs o th po-

am, th dpatmnt ond t dd not hav th

capacty to spvs ths nmb o thss. T

s a plan to stat th poam whn adats

who a cntly stdyn o th PhDs aboad

tn to sv as aclty.39 UJ contns to o

poams n ncla mdcn and PhD poams

n ncla-latd sbjcts.

Al Balqa Applied University

Al Balqa Appld Unvsty (BAU) has also

lanchd a Masts o Scnc (MSc) poam

n ncla physcs, and n 009, adatd nn

stdnts all o whom wnt to wok at th Jodan

Ncla Rlatoy Commsson. As o 0, th

poam contnd to cv ntst om st-

dnts, bt was pt on hold.40

Jordan Research raining Reactor (JRR)

In Dcmb 009, JAEC awadd a $73 mllon

contact o constcton o th 5 MW JRR atJUS to a consotm o th Koan Atomc En-

y Rsach Insttt (KAERI) and Dawoo

Ennn & Constcton.4 T JRR wll

podc adosotops o mdcn, aclt,

and ndsty; povd tann aclts; and sv

as a Ncla Scnc and chnoloy Cnt.4

It s plannd to b commssond n 05 and

whch sx a psn PhDs: fv n th US and

on n Gmany. Ts sx stdnts a bn sp-

potd by JUS wth th ndstandn that thy

wll tn to jon th nvsty aclty. An add-

tonal 30 stdnts compltd stds n 0.

JUS wll also host and ovs th Jodanan Sb-

Ctcal Assmbly (JSA), a tann tool constctd

by th Chna Insttt o Atomc Eny to allow

stdnts to mody co confatons, wok clos-

ly wth th acto co, and amlaz thmslvs

wth th basc ats o th acto.36 T JSA s

xpctd to b commssond n 0. T nv-

sty wll also b th st o th Jodan Rsach and

ann Racto (JRR), althoh th acto tsl

wll b n by JAEC (s dscpton blow).

JUS has snd sval coopaton amnts

wth ntnatonal acadmc nstttons ncld-

n Noth Caolna Stat Unvsty (NCSU),

Unvsty o Illnos, Oho Stat Unvsty, and

th Unvsty o Calona. T collaboaton

wth NCSU lnks stdnts wth a vtal acto

o tann pposs ( MW PULSAR sach

acto).37 T IAEA has xpssd ntst n

plcatn th modl o th JUS-NCSU ntnt

xchan lswh.

38

University of Jordan

T physcs dpatmnt at th Unvsty o Jo-

dan (UJ) has a total o 350 stdnts, ncldn 0

adat stdnts. Untl 0, th dpatmnt o-

d an MSc n ncla physcs, whch typcally

36 Pojct ovvw o Jodans fst ncla aclty, Psntaton by D. Nd Xob, JSA, to th CEA Msson on th SR o SbctcalAssmbls, Dcmb 5, 00 n Amman, Jodan.

37 Knowld ans va Rmot Lann: T Jodan-Noth Caolna Exampl, psntaton by Ayman I. Hawa (PhD) to th

Intnatonal Connc on Hman Rsoc Dvlopmnt Fo Intodcn and Expandn Ncla Pow Poamms, Mach 4-8,00, Ab Dhab, UAE.

38 Ovvw: th Rmot Rsach Racto Pojct, Intnatonal Atomc Eny Ancy. (http://www.aa.o/OWok/S/NE/NEFW/chncal_Aas/RRS/docmnts/Intnt_Racto_Ovvw.pd).

39 Atho ntvw wth Unvsty o Jodan aclty, Mach 0.40 Basd on dscssons wth th atho. S Bookns 0.4 Koan Consotm o Jodans Fst Racto, World Nuclear News, Dcmb 7, 009. (http://www.wold-ncla-nws.o/NN-Koan_

consotm_o_Jodans_fst_acto-07097.html )4 Jodans Ncla Eny Poam, psntaton by Khald oqan, (Chaman o th Jodan Atomc Eny Commsson, ), Amman,

Jodan, Fbay 0. (JAEC, Fbay 0).
http://www.iaea.org/OurWork/ST/NE/NEFW/Technical_Areas/RRS/documents/Internet_Reactor_Overview.pdfhttp://www.iaea.org/OurWork/ST/NE/NEFW/Technical_Areas/RRS/documents/Internet_Reactor_Overview.pdfhttp://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NN-Korean_consortium_for_Jordans_first_reactor-0712097.htmlhttp://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NN-Korean_consortium_for_Jordans_first_reactor-0712097.htmlhttp://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NN-Korean_consortium_for_Jordans_first_reactor-0712097.htmlhttp://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NN-Korean_consortium_for_Jordans_first_reactor-0712097.htmlhttp://www.iaea.org/OurWork/ST/NE/NEFW/Technical_Areas/RRS/documents/Internet_Reactor_Overview.pdfhttp://www.iaea.org/OurWork/ST/NE/NEFW/Technical_Areas/RRS/documents/Internet_Reactor_Overview.pdf


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19

cal sppot o wok o lvanc to th on

and scntfc and ndstal sach.44

J C

As th contys ncla ovsht body, JNRC

conzs th cntal challn o dvlopn th

hman socs capacty qd to lat th

ncla scto ctvly. T Commsson has

condctd a dtald wokoc plannn x-

cs calln o 3 total sta by 04, dntyn

spcfc sklls to b addd as th ncla poam

posss. In addton, th Commsson has sd

a vaty o xtnal poams and patnshps

to tan ts sta. Fo xampl, t has ntatd p-

lot latonshps wth oth ncla latos,

ncldn a mmoandm o ndstandn

wth th Eopan Unon o tchncal assstanc

om Eopan latos. T JNRC also s pa-

tcpatn n th Rlatoy Coopaton Fom

(RCF)an IAEA ntatv dsnd to sha

xpts and lssons land om stablshd

latos n mmb stats wth nwly-catd

ncla latos. Jodan s svn as th fst

tst cas o th Fom: an RCF dlaton vstd

Jodan n Sptmb 00 to assss th poss

o th Commsson, dfnn aas o tchncalassstanc nds.

T Commsson has also ndcatd ts ntnt to

stablsh a natonal chncal Sppot Oanza-

ton (SO) to ncton as an xtnal spcalst

ntty povdn tchncal assstanc to th Com-

msson, wth a ocs ntally on ncla saty.

Rcntly, JNRC has bn ladn an ot to s-

tablsh th Aab Ntwok o Ncla Rlatos

(ANNR). T ppos o ths ntty s to ostnhancmnt, stnthnn and hamonzaton

o th adaton potcton, ncla saty and s-

constcton has statd on th assocatd admn-

staton bldn.

Center of Excellence

o bld th ncssay capacty and coodnat

th dvlopmnt o vy la nastct poj-

cts n sctos sch as ny, wat and pots,

th Jodanan ovnmnt has stablshd a v-

tal Cnt o Excllnc o Eny and Ma

Pojcts. T Cnt s dsnd to sv as a

coodnaton mchansm thoh whch majo

nstttons n acadma and ovnmnt can

collaboat to dvlop th sklls qd, max-

mz socs, and avod dplcaton o ot. In

th ncla aa, th ntts patcpatn n th

Cnts ots ncld JUS, JAEC, UJ, BAU, th

Gman-Jodanan Unvsty, and th Mnsts

o Labo, Pblc Scto Dvlopmnt, and Hh

Edcaton & Scntfc Rsach.43 In th fld o

hman soc dvlopmnt, sponsblty s

dvdd btwn JUS, thoh ts ndadat

poam n ncla nnn; UJ, thoh ts

(cntly sspndd) adat-d poams

n physcs and pojct manamnt; and BAU,

thoh th tann o tchncans and vocaton-

al woks and thoh ts MSc n physcs.

Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and

Applications in the Middle East

On o th w aclts o onal scntfc col-

laboaton, th SESAME pojct ncopoats a

synchoton lht soc o s n basc and ap-

pld sach. T aclty, whch s basd n Am-

man and whch s schdld to b lly opaton-

al n 05, nclds Bahan, Cyps, Eypt, Ian,

Isal, Jodan, Pakstan, th Palstnan Athotyand ky amon ts mmbshp. Accodn to

ts ovnn docmnt, SESAME svs sp-

43 Bookns 0.44 Stats o th Intnatonal Cnt o Synchoton-Lht o Expmntal Scnc and Applcatons n th Mddl East (SESAME),

SESAME, Apl 5, 004. (http://www.ssam.o.jo/ssam/abot-s/ovnn-docmnt.html#a)


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20

sppot n ncla pojct manamnt, sach

acto tlzaton, ncla pow systms, acto

saty, ncla wast manamnt, and ncla

l cycl manamnt.47 Jodan also has a lon-

standn latonshp wth th IAEA, ncldn

cnt tchncal coopaton on vaos HRD s-

ss. Jodan and th IAEA na n spcalzd

tann coss and wokshops n ncla and

adaton saty and scty, ncla and atomc

physcs, ncla chmsty and adochmsty,

ncla nnn and tchnoloy, and ncla

and adaton saty and ncla scty. Oth

aas o tchncal coopaton btwn Jodan

and th IAEA ncld llowshp poams and

on-th-job tann, scntfc vsts, natonal con-

sltant vsts, and xpt mssons, ncldn two

Intatd Ncla Inastct Rvws con-

dctd n Ast 009 and Janay 0. Fnally,

Jodan has sd otsd spcalst contactos to

assst n th aly phass o th ncla pow

poam.

Challenges

G C C

Hh-lvl and sstand ovnmnt commt-mnt s ssntal to th stablshmnt o a cvl-

an ncla nastct. Ts can manst tsl

n sval ways, bt th IAEA hhlhts th nd

o fnancal sppot, coss-nstttonal cood-

naton, and stakhold nvolvmnt.48 In ach o

ths aas, Jodan s xpncn challns.

Financial support and management

Whl Jodan has a ston acadmc and tchncal

ondaton om whch to dvlop th spcalzd

cty latoy nastct and amwok

amon th mmbs o ANNR and to povd

a om o nomaton xchan amon ncla

latoy bods n Aab conts.45 Accodn

to JNRC, sppot o ANNR wold b povdd

by th Aab Atomc Eny Ancy (AAEA), th

US NRC, and th Koan Insttt o Ncla

Saty.

JNRC s also n talks wth th IAEA to cat a

cnt o Ncla Saty n Jodan, whos man-

dat wold b onal. T IAEA has xpssd

ntst n basn ths cnt n Jodan.

Cb

ypcal o nw ncla ny stats, Jodan has

mphaszd vaos oms o xtnal assstanc

as pat o ts HRD staty. In addton to thos

poams mntond abov, Jodans tann and

dcaton ots ncld scholashp sppot o

ntnatonal dcaton poams, ntnaton-

al tann poams, and ncla coopaton

amnts wth oth conts and th IAEA.46

JAEC povds scholashp sppot o stdnts

psn masts ds n ncla nnnn a nmb o conts ncldn Rssa, Chna,

Fanc, Koa (spcfc to th JRR), and Japan.

As a matt o polcy, JAEC s also qn x-

tnal vndos and consltants to povd tan-

n as pat o th actvts. Ts appoach s n-

cldd n th solctaton o th EPC contacto

as wll as that o th nvsto-opato.

Jodan s a mmb o sval ntnatonal nt-

woks and has snd Ncla Coopaton

Amnts wth twlv conts to povd

45 ms o Rnc o ANN, Janay 00.46 JAEC psntaton, May 0.47 NCAs hav bn snd wth Fanc, Chna, Soth Koa, Canada, Rssa, th UK, Antna, Span, Japan, ky, Romana and Italy.

Amnts a bn dscssd wth th Untd Stats, Amna, Ukan and th Czch Rpblc.48 Evalaton o th Stats o Natonal Ncla Inastct Dvlopmnt, IAEA Ncla Eny Ss No. NG--3., Intnatonal Atomc

Eny Ancy, Octob 008.


29/48




21

th Commsson has not ctd any nw tch-

ncal sta snc 00. Ts staton s natvly

actn th Commssons capacty to cay ot

ts mandat, ncldn th ablty to condct ot-

ach and pblc namnt. In an attmpt to

mtat th poblm, th JNRC has dvlopd

coopatv aanmnts wth oth ntts. Fo

xampl, wthot th ncssay ndn to cay

ot ts bod monton pojct n collaboaton

wth th US Dpatmnt o Eny, th Comms-

son s patnn wth th bod contol atho-

ty to jontly mplmnt th poam. In oth

aas o ts mt, howv, JNRCs dos not hav

th opton o lyn on th sppot o xtnal

pats.

Aanst ths backdop, th allocaton o Jodans

lmtd fnancal socs to basc and appld

scnc nastct, sch as th SCA, th JRR

and SESAME poam, cold b vwd as -

dcn nds o mmdat HRD nds. Whl

ths aclts hav th potntal to bld Jodans

ncla scnc bas n th lon-tm, thy can b

sn as a soc o comptton wthath than

a complmnt toth mplmntaton o ncla

pow nastct n th na-tm.

Institutional Coordination

A cn aa o ctcsm om som wthn

th Jodanan ncla scto s th nablty o

th ovnmnt to coodnat dvlopmnt o

th ncla pow poam. Whl JAEC has

bn catd to ovs th mplmntaton o

all aspcts th poam, th s a pcpton that

th s mo lmtd sppot n oth ovn-

mnt nstttons. T stablshmnt o JAEC as

sklls qd o a ncla pow poam, ts

HRD staty s thatnd by lack o fnancal

sppot. T conty has bn had ht by th

lobal conomc css, placn sv fnancal

constants on a ovnmnt alady sn

om bonn bdt dfcts and a vy la

and own natonal dbt.49 As a slt, th Cab-

nt has nstttd cts n ovnmnt spndn

and a hn z.50

Nmos ntptons to th Aab Gas Pp-

ln, whch tanspots natal as om Eypt to

Jodan, hav xacbatd th staton: Jodan has

spnt ncasn sms on back-p ossl ls o

pow naton, jst at a tm whn ol pcs

hav bn ncasn. T conty has spnt at

last $.4 bllon on havy l ol and dsl to

plac lost as om th AGP.5

T wosnn conomc staton has lvatd

concns ov how Jodan can aod a ncla

pow poamstmatd to cost at last $5 bl-

lonand boht at attnton to th pos-

sblts o dployn mo nwabl ny

socs.5 It has also svly stctd nds

avalabl o hn acoss all Govnmnt nstt-

tons, ncldn n th ncla scto.

T ndn staton s patclaly act o th

JNRC n ts ots to ct possonal sklls ad-

qat to lat th ndsty. T Commsson

mantans that all xstn sta hav had xtn-

sv tann, bt scnt nds hav not bn

allocatd to h mo possonals to mt ts

stan tats. As notd, th JNRC has dad a

dtald wokoc plan calln o ov 300 total

sta n th 04-05 tmam, bt n pactc

49 Accodn to IMF stmats.50 Jodan Appovs Astty Movs to Rdc Dfct, Reuters, May 0, 0.5 Ects o Ppln Attacks Spad Byond Eypt, USA oday, Mach 4, 0. (http://satoday30.satoday.com/nws/wold/

stoy/0-03-05/ypt-natal-as-ppln-jodan-sal/5350880/)5 JAEC stmats that th total cost, ncldn qpmnt, matals, and labo o th constcton and opaton phas o two, ,000 MW

nts s US $8.4 bllon. S JAEC 0, p. 36.
http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/story/2012-03-05/egypt-natural-gas-pipeline-jordan-israel/53520880/1http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/story/2012-03-05/egypt-natural-gas-pipeline-jordan-israel/53520880/1http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/story/2012-03-05/egypt-natural-gas-pipeline-jordan-israel/53520880/1http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/story/2012-03-05/egypt-natural-gas-pipeline-jordan-israel/53520880/1


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22

poam ctvly commncn n 007, th

ovnmnts appoach to coodnaton, com-

mncaton and HRD nds to b stnthnd,

and that an ntatd, statc appoach to HRD

and stakhold nvolvmnt has yt to b stab-

lshd.53 (T mpot o th INIR Mssons s ds-

cssd th n th ollown scton).

C S E

T IAEA mphaszs that t s o th tmost m-

potanc to povd oppotnts o stakhold

nvolvmnt and to look o nw ways to obtan

stakhold npt and commndd that all

conts cat nstmnts that nhanc stak-

hold nvolvmnt wth ad to th dvlop-

mnt o nw ncla pow pojcts.54 o dat,

Jodans appoach to ncla pow dvlopmnt

has not adhd to th IAEAs tnts and com-

mndatons on stakhold namnt. Dspt

th contnd s n th cost o mpotd ny

on o th pmay dvs o th ncla po-

amopposton to th poam s own.55

Opposton to th ncla pojct n Jodan has

vn spad to th Palamnt. In May 0, th

Eny and Mnal Rsocs Commtt o th

Low Hos commndd that th Govn-mnt sspnd th ncla pow poam. T

mas was appovd by th Low Hos by

a vot o 36-7.56 Tos votn n avo accsd

JAEC o povdn msladn acts concnn

th costs o th acto pojct and th contys

anm socs, statd that qd asbl-

ty stds had not bn condctd n ppaaton

th contys NEPIOth poams lad coo-

dnatoollows accptd ntnatonal pactc;

howv oth mpotant ovnmnt ntts,

ncldn th Mnsty o Eny and Mnal

Rsocs and th Natonal Elctc Pow Com-

pany, hav had a mo lmtd, vsbl ol n th

ncla poam. T slt s that th poam

s n dan o bn dntfd ovwhlmnly

wth JAEC ath than as an ntatv that njoys

boad, coss-ovnmnt sppot. In addton,

th s a common vw that ovnmnts coo-

dnaton and commtmnt wth ad to oth

ky stakholds n acadma, th NGO comm-

nty, and ndsty, a also lackn.

Ts commtmnt and coodnaton sss p-

tan dctly to HRD. Som psntatvs om

th acadmc commnty xpssd dsappont-

mnt, o xampl, that JAECs pojct mana

o th JRR poam was basd n th Untd

Stats ath than n Jodan. T Cnt o Ex-

cllnc o Eny and Ma Pojcts cntly

appas to b mo o a thotcal patnshp

than an actal on, and th s not as yt mch

coodnaton amonst th majo ntts: sval

psntatvs om th Cnts consttnt n-

stttons, whl awa o th boad concpt oth Cnt, w not awa o any th spcfc

mplmntaton ots.

Jodans lack o ovnmnt coodnaton wth

ad to HRD has bn acknowldd by th

IAEA: th fndns o two INIR mssons by th

Ancy llstat that, dspt Jodans ncla

53 Fo 009 INIR, s IAEAs Intatd Ncla Inastct Rvw (INIR) Msson to Jodan, psntaton by Kamal J. Aaj, (JodanAtomc Eny Commsson) to IAEAs chncal Mtn/Wokshop on th Intodcton o Ncla Pow Poamms: Manamnt

and Evalaton o a Natonal Ncla Inastct, Vnna, Asta, Fbay 0. (http://www.aa.o/NclaPow/Downloads/Inastct/mtns/0-0-M-WS-Vnna/Day-/Aaj_JORDAN.pd ) (IAEA M/WS, Fbay 0); o 0 INIR, s JAECActon Plan Follown th INIR Msson, psntaton by Hasan Absn, (Jodan Atomc Eny Commsson) to IAEAs chncalMtn/Wokshop on opcal Isss on Inastct Dvlopmnt: Manan th Dvlopmnt o a Natonal Inastct o NclaPow Plants, Vnna, Asta, Janay 5, 0.

54 Stakhold Involvmnt n Ncla Isss, IAEA Intnatonal Ncla Saty Gop, Sptmb 006, p.3.55 S Jodans ant-ncla movmnt ans stam, AmmonNws.nt, Ast , 0, and Ramtha sdnts tash ncla acto bldn,

dstoy docmnts, Jodan ms, Jly , 0.56 T a a total o 0 dpts n th low hos; 63 w psnt and votn on th mas. Fom Jodan Dpts Vot to Sspnd

Ncla Pojct,Jordan imes, May 30, 0.
http://www.iaea.org/NuclearPower/Downloads/Infrastructure/meetings/2011-02-TM-WS-Vienna/Day-1/Araj_JORDAN.pdfhttp://www.iaea.org/NuclearPower/Downloads/Infrastructure/meetings/2011-02-TM-WS-Vienna/Day-1/Araj_JORDAN.pdfhttp://www.iaea.org/NuclearPower/Downloads/Infrastructure/meetings/2011-02-TM-WS-Vienna/Day-1/Araj_JORDAN.pdfhttp://www.iaea.org/NuclearPower/Downloads/Infrastructure/meetings/2011-02-TM-WS-Vienna/Day-1/Araj_JORDAN.pdf


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23

Jodan, wh th accdnt has contbtd to

own opposton to ncla pow. As s th

cas n oth conts n th on, th Aab

Spn s chann th latonshp btwn th

Jodanan ovnmnt and ts popl who a

ncasnly wlln to challn ocal ovn-

mnt polcy.58

T ovnmnt spons to ths mn ac-

tos has not kpt pac wth th nd o a coo-

dnatd and tanspant commncatons ot

that s ssntal to bld sppot o th ncla

poam, spond to dmands o mo noma-

ton, and addss concns asd ov th saty,

nvonmntal mpact, and cost o th pojct.

T IAEAs INIR slts n Janay 0 statd a

natonal commtt has bn stablshd to co-

odnat pblc nomaton and to ppa a na-

tonal plan and a commtt wll b stablshd

that nclds th Mnsts o Eny, Envon-

mnt, JNRC, and NEPCO to dvlop natonal

stakhold nvolvmnt. Ts fndn ndcats

that many aspcts o th ncla poamth

stablshmnt o ncla polcy, th tndn

pocss, caton o th lslatv and latoy

amwok, and stablshmnt o nstttons

hav otpacd th dvlopmnt and mplmn-taton o a hh-lvl, comphnsv, and coo-

dnatd mlt-nsttton plan o stakhold

nvolvmnt.59

T IAEAs Mlstons docmnt ndcats that

by th nd o Mlston (th complton o a

ppaatoy phas and whn th conty s ady

to nvt bds o th fst acto), a ovnmnt

shold hav achvd th ollown n stakhold-

nvolvmnt: opn and tmly ntacton and

o th pojct, and ndcatd that JAEC has not

bn othcomn n povdn qstd no-

maton to th Commtt.57 JAEC has td

ths clams.

In th vw o sval Jodanan ncla scto

psntatvs ntvwd n th cos o ths

sach, Jodans poo stakhold namnt

s a symptom o a wd lack o statc vson

n laton to th contys ncla pow pojct.

Accodn to ths vw, th Jodanan ovnmnt

has ald to adqatly mana xpctatons, to

commncat th nd o th tchnoloy, and to

dcat and spond to th pblcs concns.

A latd ss s th nconsstncy o noma-

ton povdd to th pblc by th ovnmnt

on th costs o th poam, th schdl o ts

mplmntaton, and th volms and qalty o

anm svs that w onally poposd

as a mans o patally fnancn th poam.

T dalo that has takn plac has on bn

amntd wth dnt statmnts comn

om ovnmnt oanzatons. T dcson to

mov th poposd st o th ncla acto st

om Aqaba n th soth o th conty to a mo

poplos aa clos to th captal o Amman hasalso l th ovnmnt opn to chas o ov-

lookn pblc opnon.

Jodans stakhold namnt challn has

bn mad vn mo dclt by two xonos

actos: th accdnt at Fkshma Dach n

Mach 0 and th popla psns acoss th

Mddl East on known as th Aab Spn.

T Fkshma dsast asd saty con-

cns ov ncla ny lobally, ncldn n

57 Hos panl accss ncla commsson o msladn pblc, Jordan imes, May 6, 0. (http://jodantms.com/atcl/Hos+panl+accss+ncla+commsson+o+%E%80%98msladn%E%80%99+pblc-4837)

58 Fo mo analyss o th cnt poltcal conomy o Jodan, s How Stabl Is Jodan? Kn Abdllahs Hal-hatd Roms and thChalln o th Aab Spn, Bookns Insttton, Novmb 0. ( http://www.bookns.d/sach/paps/0//jodan-hamd-)

59 JAEC snt a qstonna to acto vndos n Janay 00, and shotlstd th fms n May o 00; th Wht Pap on NclaEny was pblshd n Sptmb 0.
http://jordantimes.com/article/House+panel+accuses+nuclear+commission+of+%E2%80%98misleading%E2%80%99+public-48371http://jordantimes.com/article/House+panel+accuses+nuclear+commission+of+%E2%80%98misleading%E2%80%99+public-48371http://www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2011/11/jordan-hamid-freerhttp://www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2011/11/jordan-hamid-freerhttp://www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2011/11/jordan-hamid-freerhttp://www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2011/11/jordan-hamid-freerhttp://jordantimes.com/article/House+panel+accuses+nuclear+commission+of+%E2%80%98misleading%E2%80%99+public-48371http://jordantimes.com/article/House+panel+accuses+nuclear+commission+of+%E2%80%98misleading%E2%80%99+public-48371


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24

thy sppot ncla ny.60 As a slt, th

commsson s dvlopn a pblc commnca-

ton staty.

Gown pblc skptcsm and nctanty -

adn th ncla pow poam, combnd

wth th poo conomy, a havn a dct mpact

on ctmnt and tnton n th scto. Wth

th contys cnt nmploymnt at at 0

pcnt and a yon poplaton vyn o lmtd

jobsaond 40 pcnt o Jodanans a nd

th a o 30dcaton s vwd as a ctcal

path o conomc scty and sccss. As sch,

whn JUS and oth nvsts ban on

ds and tann n ncla ny ollown

th ovnmnts 007 commtmnt to ncla

pow, th was consdabl ntst amon

stdnts lookn to nt th ndsty. Howv,

th staton may b chann. Fo xampl, JUS

contns to fll th 0-5 postons avalabl o

ts BSc n ncla nnn ach ya, bt nt-

st n ncla stds amon stdnts has wand;

th a mo stdnts lookn to xpand o

swtch th fld o stdy, spcally nto nw-

abl ny. T asons a vadncldnndadats smply skn to dvsy th

stdsbt ncasn pblc opposton to th

ncla poam, alon wth th pcpton o

lmtd domstc job oppotnts, patclaly

amon th two man ncla nttsJAEC and

JNRCs natvly actn stdnts dcsons

on choosn ncla ny as a possonal ca-

path.

On potntal altnatv mploymnt oppot-

nty o adats n ncla stds ls n thGl conts, spcally n th UAE. Fo qal-

fd Jodanan possonals n many dscplns,

mploymnt n th Gl can o statn salas

commncaton adn th ncla poam

has bn addssd om th bnnn, and a

ston pblc nomaton and dcaton po-

am has bn ntatd by ovnmnt and th

NEPIO.

T Jodanan ovnmnt has not scntly

nad stakholds thohot socty n a

dct, comphnsv, and tanspant dalo

om th bnnn o th ncla pojct. Whl

JAEC has bn acd wth a connc o vy

challnn ccmstancs otsd ts contol, n-

cldn th wosnn conomy, th Aab Spn,

and Fkshma, th s also vdnc that th

Commsson has lad n stablshn and coo-

dnatn a obst ovnmnt-wd stakhold

nvolvmnt staty sltn n dstst o o-

fcal nomaton, challns to atonal o th

ncla pojct, and own opposton. Mo-

ov, th nd o obst

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