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Nuclear Power and EnvironmentNuclear Power and Environment
ContentsContents
Introduction of Nuclear PowerIntroduction of Nuclear Power
Nuclear Power and Energy SecurityNuclear Power and Energy Security
Future of China’s Nuclear PowerFuture of China’s Nuclear Power
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Section 1Introduction of Nuclear power
Section 1Introduction of Nuclear power
Qianshan NPP
Nuclear PowerNuclear Power
• Nuclear power, with clean, safe, high efficiency and economic characteristics, is one of the world's supporting energy as well as coal and oil.
• Nuclear power (generally electricity) is produced from controlled nuclear.
Two forms of Nuclear Reaction
Eight types of Nuclear Reactors
The distribution of the world's The distribution of the world's NPPNPP
The distribution of ChinaThe distribution of China’’s NPPs NPP
What can we learn from the map?What can we learn from the map?
• All on the east coast in China
• The number of China’s NPP is much smaller than that in US or EU
2 units of PHWR type, 9 PWR types
Status of China’s NPPStatus of China’s NPP
11
6
9.07
11 nuclear reactors
at six plants
capacity of 9.07 million kw
52.3
52.3 billion kWh -power generation
All the 11 reactors employ second-generation nuclear power technologies
All the 11 reactors employ second-generation nuclear power technologies
3
2
4
2
11
Domestic Technology
French Technology
Russian Technology
Canadian Technology
Timeline of the Chinese Nuclear Industry, 1970 to 2020Timeline of the Chinese Nuclear Industry, 1970 to 2020
Section two nuclear power and energy security
Section two nuclear power and energy security
Energy SecurityEnergy Security
• China's energy security concerns the need for China to guarantee itself and its industries long term access to sufficient energy and energy raw materials.
• China is making more efforts to develop new energy to ensure the country's energy security and boost economic growth
DiversityDiversity EfficiencyEfficiencyConvenience
Energy Security
Nuclear power and Energy securityNuclear power and Energy security
DiversityDiversity• China is trying to establish long-term
energy security. This by investment in oil and gas fields abroad, and by diversifying its providers
• Nuclear power is viewed by the current Administration as important, perhaps essential, to maintaining that diversity.
Nuclear power capacity and generationof the World
Nuclear power capacity and generationof the World
Most of them in China
capacity of nuclear power in China2003-2010
capacity of nuclear power in China2003-2010
Electricity production in ChinaElectricity production in China
Source: IEO 2002 reference case
Projected Nuclear –Generated Electricity Consumption 1990 to 2025 ( Billion Kilowatt Hours) Country* 1990 2000 2001 2010 2015 2020 2025
United States 577 754 769 794 812 816 816
France 298 394 401 447 478 520 550 Germany 145 161 163 137 107 15 0
Japan 192 294 309 369 394 426 411
Canada 69 69 73 108 110 118 98
Russia 115 122 125 141 154 129 99
South Korea 50 104 107 141 171 209 220
India 6 14 18 46 55 66 66
China 0 16 17 66 129 142 154
Source: Energy Information Administration, International Energy Outlook 2004, Appendix A, Page 170
ConvenienceConvenience
• Nuclear power has an important role, especially in the coastal areas remote from the coalfields and where the economy is developing rapidly. Generally, nuclear plants can be built close to centers of demand, whereas suitable wind and hydro sites are remote from demand.
• Many inland nuclear power plants will be constructed in these interior province.
ConvenienceConvenience
EfficiencyEfficiency
Innovation is the key to nuclear power development. China is calling for enterprises to adopt advanced technology and enhance self-innovation.
To improve the efficiency of its domestic energy markets. China is actively looking for smarter energy technology
SANMEN, Zhejiang, April 19 (Xinhua) -- China on Sunday started the construction of its first third-generation pressurized water reactors
using AP 1000 technologies developed by U.S.-based Westinghouse.
SANMEN, Zhejiang, April 19 (Xinhua) -- China on Sunday started the construction of its first third-generation pressurized water reactors
using AP 1000 technologies developed by U.S.-based Westinghouse.
AP 1000 technologies
Section ThreeNuclear power and Environment
Section ThreeNuclear power and Environment
Climate changeClimate change
In China, the reliance on fossil fuels has led to much airpollution. The economic loss due to pollution is put bythe World Bank at almost 6% of GDP.
Climate Change-------emissions of greenhouse gases
World Problem
Countries by carbon dioxide emissions(blue the highest)
Countries by carbon dioxide emissions(blue the highest)
CO2 emission per capita per year per country
CO2 emission per capita per year per country
increasing the efficiency of coal-fired power stations
National Action Plan on Climate ChangeNational Action Plan on Climate Change
increasing the proportion of electricity generation from renewable energy sources and from nuclear power
the use of cogeneration
the development of coal-bed and coal-mine methane
Very Important
25 gCO2 equivalent per kWh
25 gCO2 equivalent per kWh
nuclear powernuclear power
450-1250 gCO2 equivalent per kWh
450-1250 gCO2 equivalent per kWh
fossil fuelfossil fuel
Nuclear power as clean energy
China will do better and betterChina will do better and better
• China has promised to reduce CO2 emission by 40-45% in 2020 compared to 2005 (26th Nov.2009)
Angel or Devil?
Disaster of NPPDisaster of NPP
Chernobyl DisasterThree Mile Island Accident
Nuclear WasteNuclear Waste
• Since China's nuclear industry is relatively new, nuclear waste is not a major concern. But, as in the United States or any other country, nuclear waste accumulates over time.
Nuclear SafetyNuclear Safety
The State Environment Protection Agency (SEPA), independent of the nuclear industry, carries out supervision and management on nuclear safety and radiation environment of nuclear facilities�licensing management and routine monitoring.
Relevant radioactive waste treatment facilitiesshould be designed, constructed and operated simultaneously with facilities or practices producing radioactive wastes.
phases of waste managementphases of waste management
reduction in outputcategorized collectionpurification and concentration, volume reduction and solidificationcareful encapsulation, safe transportationin-situ interim storageconcentrated disposalcontrolled discharge
Section FourThe future of Nuclear power in China
Section FourThe future of Nuclear power in China
China's nuclear industry is relatively youngChina's nuclear industry is relatively young
Nuclear reactors under construction and planned
Nuclear reactors under construction and planned
Nuclear reactors under construction and planned
Nuclear reactors under construction and planned
Further nuclear power units proposedFurther nuclear power units proposed
Further nuclear power units proposedFurther nuclear power units proposed
Further nuclear power units proposedFurther nuclear power units proposed
long and mid-term development planlong and mid-term development plan
• Nuclear power installed capacity will reach 40 million kw by 2020 and will generate 260 billion to 280 billion kilowatt hours of electricity each year, accounting for 4 to 6 percent of the country's total. and a further increase to more than 250 GW by 2030.
nuclear energy policynuclear energy policy
• 1. PWRs will be the mainstream but not solereactor type.
• 2.Nuclear fuel assemblies are fabricated andsupplied indigenously.
• 3.Domestic manufacturing of plant and equipment will be maximised, with self-reliance in design and project management.
• 4.International cooperation is nevertheless encouraged.
China will enjoy a wide prospect in nuclear power market.
A beautiful FutureA beautiful Future
Shi Yang
