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Nuclear Proliferation. Lesson 1– The NPT. Objectives. Students will differentiate between nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons. Students will explain the history and purpose of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Nuclear ProliferationLesson 1 The NPT1ObjectivesStudents will differentiate between nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons.Students will explain the history and purpose of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.Students will examine current issues facing the global community surrounding nuclear weapons.Students will formulate opinions about the use and regulation of nuclear weapons.2Warm UpWhat are weapons of mass destruction?
Nuclear, chemical, biological
Inflict mass casualties & destruction
3Compare & Contrast Types of WMDsBiological - Living Organisms: viruses, bacteria, fungi, toxins. Spread deadly diseaseslowly. PortableKill large #s.9/11 Anthrax, ebola, small pox, bubonic plague1972 BWC- 169 states
Chemical - Non-living toxins. Incapacitate, injure, kill. Affect eyes, skin, organs, blood, nerves. Sarin gas in Tokyo subway 1995, mustard gas WW1.1992 CWC- 175 states
Nuclear - Atomic/Hydrogen Bombs. Explosion- Radioactivity. Kill large #s. Destroy infrastructureHiroshima/Nagasaki WW2.4History of Nuclear Proliferation1945 US 1st A-Bombs, end WW2
1946 Baruch Plan
1949 USSR 1st A-Bomb
1950s GB, FRA, China detonateSputnik ProliferationGeneva Accords1957 IAEA Created
1962 Partial Test-Ban Treaty after Cuban Crisis
1968 UN proposes Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
1970 NPT Official5Physical Effects of an Atomic Bomb Explosionhttp://app.discoveryeducation.com/search
Review the effects of nuclear weapons
Give HandoutNPTControls dvpt, spread, use of nuclear technology
3 Goals:Non-proliferationDisarmamentFair access for peaceful use
Signed March 5, 197043 Original, 189 Today
7NPT CategoriesNuclear Weapons States (NWS)
Exploded device prior Jan 1967
US-USSR-GB-France China
Cant transfer weapons/info Non-Nuclear Weapons States (NNWS)
Dont /Wont haveTechnology for peaceful use IAEA Monitoring8NPT ArticlesI NWS cant transfer weapons/info to NNWS
II NNWS wont receive weapons/info
III NNWS wont turn peace into weapons, IAEA monitoring
IV All R&D peaceful tech, free exchange info/tech, share w/dvp worldV Share at lowest possible cost (free?)
VI Agree to disarm negotiations
VII Can make own disarm treaties
VIII Meet every 5 yrs
http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/2009-global-prolif6.pdf
Red Box: Ballistic Missiles with over 1,000 km rangeYellow nation is myanmar
10PredictionsThink Pair Share
List the top 5 countries with Nuclear Weapons in orderActivity: Mapping Nuclear WeaponsUsing the laptops you will map nuclear weapons countries and their number of WMDs.tries and their nuclear weaponsCountryOperational and strategic weapons*Total arsenal**SOURCE: FEDERATION OF AMERICAN SCIENTISTS, AS OF 6 MARCH 2012Russia2,43010,000US1,9508,500France290300China0240UK160225Pakistan090-110India080-100Israel080North Korea0Fewer than 10NPTNWS Big 5
Non-NPT Nuclear StatesIndia & Pakistan (Never signed)N.Korea (Quit 93, 03)
Suspected ProgramsIsrael (Never signed)Iran (NPT Member)Syria/Myanmar
http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/Media/north-korea-helping-myanmar-secret-nuclear-program/story?id=10823439
14Importance?Prevents proliferation
Regulations
Sets stage for future negotiationReview Conference every 5 yrs (May 2010)
http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2010/dc3243.doc.htm15ClosureDo you view nuclear proliferation as inconsequential or agree with efforts to limit the spread and numbers of nuclear weapons?16ActivityEach group will receive an article pertaining to nuclear weapons.Read the article individually and answer the close reading questions.Meet in your group to discuss the articleWe will meet as a class and your group will share your article to the class17Current ChallengesUniversalityNonsigners Israel, India, Pakistan
Non-ComplianceIranhttp://www.aljazeera.com/video/middleeast/2011/11/201111734745483645.html
N.KoreaHelping Syria & Myanmar?
Black MarketTerrorismTheft/Illegal Sales
http://www.choices.edu/resources/scholarsonline/nichols/tn5.php
Mordechai Vanunu is a former Israeli nuclear technician who, citing his opposition to weapons of mass destruction, revealed details of Israel's nuclear weapons program to the British press in 1986. He has been nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize many times.18