, . LVII 2008) . 343-354 HISTORICAL REVIEW, Vol. LVII (2008) p. 343-354

323.1(=163.41)(560) 1894/1910

: 1894-1910.

:

. - , . 1894. 1910. . .

Key words: nfus, nfus teskeresi, millet, Serbia, Serbs, Ottoman Empire. - , . . 19. -: - ( ) ( ). , . , . . . 1881. , . , . , . , ,

- 16. 20. : (. . 147015).

344

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1 K. H. Karpat, Ottoman population 1830-1914. Demographic and Social Characteri-stics, The University of Wisconsin Press 1985, 32. 2 , 134-144; 1890-1899, . . -, 1997, . 199. 3 : 1) - - ; 2) ; 3) - ; 4) ; 5) - ; 6) - -; 7) , . , (--) 1894-1897, 1928, 2-3. 4 , 32.

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346

, , , . , .9 - . 1903. - - , . : 1) ; 2) -, , ; 3) - ; 4) ; 5) - . , , - - . , -.10 11 . , - , , , . - . - de facto , - , - , , . , - 9 . , , 138, 145, 150; . , , 264, 275, 279-280, 300, 312. 10 . (1. 1902. 1. 1903), 1933, . 289; . , , 435. 11 1876-1996. I (1876-1918), . -, 1998, . 77.

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348

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: ...

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.17 , . .18 . 1905. , . , - . , , , . . , , . , , - , , , . , . -, , - , . , - , - -, . - . , , , : - , , -, .19 17 , -, 1905, 540, , . , - , . . 4800, 11/24. 11. 1903. - : ; . 18 , -, 1903, /24, , . , - . , . . 1175, 17/30. 11. 1903. 19 1905-1906, I, 1977, . 55; , -, 1905, 540, , . -

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. - - . -, .20 . , , - . - , - . - . - , . - , . - , 1904. - , - . , , - .21 ( - , , . , . . 328, 28. 3/10. 4. 1905; , . . 374, 7/20. 4. 1905. 20 , -, 1905, 540, - , . 657, 3/16. 4. 1905; , . . 1562, 9/22. 4. 1905; , 18/31. 5. 1905, . 21 1903-1909, 2002, . 7, 12, 27, 28, 33, 36, 52; - (1904-1910), 2005, . 4, 12; , -, 1904, 93, -, . , . , . . 192, 27. 3/9. 4. 1904; . , - XX , 1992, 41-42.

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22 , -, 1905, 540, , . , - . , . . 393, 24. 5/6. 6. 1905; , . . 452, 15/28. 6. 1905; , . . 516, 15/28. 7. 1905. 23 , , . , . , . . 581, 6/19. 9. 1905; - 1905-1906, I, . 60. 24 : 1) ; 2) ; 3) -- 4) - -, , -, 1908, 711 III, , . , . , . ., 14/27. 7. 1908. 25 , -, 1908, 711 X, , . , , . . 4438, 11/24. 8. 1908. 26 , 1989, 273-274; - VI-1, 1983, 330-339; - 1918. , . . , 1991,

352

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Milo JAGODI

THE NFUS QUESTION: PROBLEM OF OFFICIAL RECOGNITION OF

SERB NATIONALITY IN TURKEY 1894-1910.

Summary This paper deals with so called nfus question, i.e. with diplomatic efforts of Serbia's Governments to secure recognition of the Serb nationality in Ottoman Empire within the millet system. Unlike Greeks or Bulgarians, Serbs in Turkey did not have se-parate millet in the late 19. century, for they did not posses an orthodox church of their own. In order to equalize them with formerly mentioned nationalities, various Govern-ments of Serbia have tried from 1894 to 1910 to obtain formal recognition of their fel-low nationals in Turkey. Diplomatic negotiations on that matter are described in detail. However, all the efforts eventually proved to be futile. Serbs in Turkey have remained unrecognized as millet until the liberation in Balkan wars.