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The Nurse as a Role Model: Barriers that Impact on Health Promotion and Wellness

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Chapter 1: Introduction

Background of the Study

Three decades a&o' Rosen and Ashley (%)*+, identi-ied role modellin& as an e.pected

beha/iour -or all health pro-essionals' includin& nurses (p0 12%,0 #hortly therea-ter' the 3nited

#tates #ur&eon 4enerals inau&ural report (3#"H5W' %)*)' p0 %6, introduced the Healthy

People concept0 In the current Healthy People 62%2 (7"7P' 6228' p0 ),' the e.pectation that

nurses should be health promotin& role models remains unchan&ed0 3nderlyin& this e.pectation

is the assumption that to be e--ecti/e in health promotion' nurses must be role models o- the

healthy beha/iours they see9 to promote0 5mpirical or9 premised on this assumption has been

used to ma9e in-erences about the role model ade;uacy o- nurses across se/eral specialty areas

?aschin&er' Weston' %)))' p0 %22,0 They e.pressed concern that they could not e.pect patients

to practice healthy li-estyles hen they themsel/es did not role>model this beha/iour0 Dualitati/e

or9 shoed that nurses percei/ed that bein& an imper-ect' but humanistic and realistic' model

o- health promotion as =ust as /aluable as bein& a per-ect' ideal role model (Rush' Eee' Rice'

6228' p0 %*6,0 They thou&ht that this /ery imper-ection could be used to &reat ad/anta&e ith

patients0 Fther in/esti&ators ha/e shon that hen nurses percei/e themsel/es ne&ati/ely as role

models they are reluctant to teach and counsel patients about health>promotin& beha/iours'

en&a&e in policy de/elopment' or create healthy en/ironments (#trobl ?atter' %))+' p0 %+%,0

American Nurses Association (62%6, a nurse ho is healthy can be a better role model

-or health promotion than a nurse ho does not 9eep &ood care o- hisGher health0 #ince in

hospitals nurses are the closest to a patient' and they belon& to a trusted pro-ession' they hold a

poer to ma9e a di--erence in the society0 Nurses can set an e.ample on people on ho to be

healthy by choosin& an acti/e style' here they eat nutritious -ood' li/e tobacco>-ree li-e' mana&e

stress' &et pre/enti/e immunisations and screenin&s' and ear bicycle helmets and sunscreen

lotions as protecti/e measures0

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Hoe/er' there are many barriers that are -aced by nurses in promotin& health and

ellness amon& patients0 These barriers include time' alon& ith not ha/in& ade;uate education

and trainin& o- health promotion pro&rams0 The most common percei/ed barrier to promotin&

health in nursin& practice is time (7asey' 622*< Rash' 622+,' -olloed closely by not &ettin&

ade;uate education and trainin& in re&ards to their role in health promotion (7asey' 622*< Eelly

Abraham' 622*,0 Moreo/er' ma=ority o- nurses also belie/e that there is little e/idence o- the

e--ecti/eness o- health promotion and ellness pro&rams0 There-ore' they re;uire more e/idence

that can demonstrate that health promotion and ellness pro&rams are e--ecti/e methods in

helpin& patients impro/e their health (Eelly Abraham' 622*' p 8*@,0 Accordin& to 7asey

(622*,' nurses also -eel that patients sometimes act a barrier as they do not accept health

promotions0 7asey (622*, also -ound that more than 82 percent o- the nurses belie/e that patients

should not ha/e the option o- i&norin& the ad/ice &i/en to them re&ardin& their health and

ellness (p0 %218,0 #ince patients do not listen to the nurses' the nurses do not -eel moti/ated to

become role models o- health promotion and ellness0 Accordin& to Rash (622+,' nurses lac9 o-

9noled&e re&ardin& ho to li/e a healthy li-estyle also becomes a barrier -or them to become

role models -or health promotion and ellness (p0 %%,0 Accordin& to 7asey (622*,' nurses also

belie/e that mana&ement do not empoer them in promotion health and ellness' and the daily

tas9s are so burdensome that they do not allo them to &i/e time to promote health and ellness

amon& patients (p0 %21,0 This perception o- or9 en/ironment as a barrier to practise health

promotion increases hen nurses complete their course and realise the problem hen they start

practisin& health promotion (Rash' 622+' p0%%,0 This study e.amines the /ies and e.periences

o- nurses as role models in health promotion and ellness in order to identi-y the barriers -aced

by them in it0

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Problem Statement

The ay in hich nurses /ie themsel/es as health>promotin& role models is an

important thou&h understudied area o- research0 Nurses sel->perceptions as health>promotin&

role models si&ni-icantly in-luences their e--ecti/eness as role models and the ay they

implement other health>related roles' such as teachin&' counsellin&' and ad/ocatin& (Borchardt'

6222< Petch>?e/ine et al0' 622@< #enson et al0' %))%,0 Hoe/er' nurses -ace barriers in

promotin& health and ellness as a role model in their or&anisations0 The concept o- usin&

nurses personal healthy li-estyle beha/iours is considered as one o- the most important basis to

promote health and ellness amon& patients0 The purpose o- this study is to hi&hli&ht the barriers

that nurses -ace hile promotin& health and ellness as role models0

Aim and Objectives of the Study

The aim o- this study is to e.plore the /ies and e.periences o- nurses as role models in

health promotion and ellness0 This aim ill be achie/ed throu&h the -olloin& ob=ecti/es:

To hi&hli&ht the need -or health promotion and ellness in todays times

To analyse the role o- health care pro-essionals in health promotion and ellness

To e.plore the importance o- nurses as role models in health promotion and

ellness

To identi-y the barriers -aced by nurses in health promotion and ellness

Research Questions

The study ill anser the -olloin& research ;uestions:

What is the need -or health promotion and ellness in todays times

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What is the role o- health care pro-essionals in health promotion and ellness

What is the importance o- nurses as role models in health promotion and ellness

What are the barriers -aced by nurses in health promotion and ellness

What are nurses /ies and e.periences as role models in health promotion and

ellness

Significance of the Study

There is little research a/ailable on the barriers -aced by nurses' ho act as role models in

health promotion and ellness0 The si&ni-icance o- the study is that it ill add to the literature

re&ardin& ho nurses /ie and e.perience their role as role models in health promotion and

ellness0 This ill help in understandin& the barriers -aced by nurses durin& health promotion

and ellness pro&rams and ho the nurses conceptualise their role as role models -or health

promotion and ellness0 The -indin&s ill help ta9e a step toards ma.imisin& their in-luence

ith patients durin& health promotion0

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References

American Nursin& Association (62%6,'Healthy Nurse0 Retrie/ed -rom:

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Brenchley' T0' Robinson' #0 (622%,0 Futpatient nurses: !rom handmaiden to autonomous practitioner0

British Journal of Nursing' %2' %2>%2*60

Borchardt' 40 ?0 (6222,0 Role models -or health promotion: The challen&e -or nurses0Nursing Forum'

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Burman' M050' Hart' A0M0' 7onley' 0' Bron' J' #herard' P0 and 7lar9e P0N0 (622),

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