NUST Presentation - Smart Grid - Feb 10, 2011

8/7/2019 NUST Presentation - Smart Grid - Feb 10, 2011

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Introduction to Smart GridConcepts

Presented by

Auriga CorporationFebruary 10, 2011


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Smart Grid

Agenda Definition of Smart Grid

Potential Benefits of Smart Grid

Smart Grid Architecture Overview State of the Art Technology

Current Deployment of Smart Grid in theUS Utilities

Future Trends


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DOEs Vision of Smart Grid

By 2030, the power grid will evolve into anintelligent energy delivery system thatsupports plug-and-play integration of

dispatchable and intermittent low-carbonenergy sources, and provides a platform forconsumer engagement in loadmanagement, national energy

independence, innovation, entrepreneurship,and economic security.


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DOEs Vision of Smart Grid

This smart grid will support the best andmost secure electric services available inthe world and will connect everyone toabundant, affordable, high quality,

environmentally conscious, efficient, andreliable electric power.


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Todays Power Grid

Source: PG&E


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Future Smart Grid

Source: PG&E


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Smart Grid Architecture Overview

Advanced Metering Infrastructure(AMI)

Smart Meters

Two-way Communications

Consumer Portal

Home Area Network

Meter Data Management

Demand Response

Advanced Distribution Operations

(ADO)

Distribution Management System with

advanced sensors

Advanced Outage Management (real-time)

DER Operations

Distribution Automation

Advanced Transmission Operations(ATO)

Substation Automation

Geographical Information System for

Transmission

Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS)

Hi-speed information processing

Advanced protection and control

Modeling, simulation and visualization tools

Advanced Asset Management (AAM) Advanced sensors

Integration of real time information with otherprocesses

Source: NETL Modern Grid Strategy


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New Paradigm

How will new technologies change the powergrid paradigm?

Enables informed participation by customers

Accommodates all generation and storageoptions

Enables new products, services, and markets

Provides power quality for the range of needsin the 21st century

Optimizes assets and operates efficiently


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New Paradigm

Addresses disturbances automatedprevention, containment, and restoration

Operates resiliently against physical and

cyber attacks and natural disaster


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Todays Grid vs. Smart Grid

Enables informed and greater participation bycustomers

Todays Grid

Consumers have limited informationand opportunity for participation

Smart Grid

Informed, involved, and activeconsumers demand response anddistributed energy resources


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Accommodates all generation and storageoptions

Todays Grid

Dominated by central generation Smart Grid

Many distributed energy resources withplug-and-play convenience; capabilities

to support high penetration ondistribution system; responsive load toenhance grid reliability


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Enables new products, services, and markets Todays Grid

Limited wholesale markets, not wellintegrated

Smart Grid

Mature, well-integrated wholesalemarkets, growth of new electricity

markets for consumers; interoperabilityof products


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Provides power quality for the range ofneeds in the 21st century

Todays Grid

Focus on outages and primarily

manual restoration-slow response topower quality issues, addressed case-by-case

Smart Grid

Power quality is a priority with a varietyof quality/price options rapidresolution of issues


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Addresses disturbances automatedprevention, containment, and restoration

Todays Grid

Responds to prevent further damage focus is on protecting assets followinga fault

Smart Grid

Automatically detects and responds toproblems focus on prevention,minimizing impact to consumers, andautomated restoration


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Operates resiliently against physical andcyber attacks and natural disasters

Todays Grid

Vulnerable to inadvertent mistakes,equipment failures, malicious acts ofterror and natural disasters

Smart Grid

Resilient to inadvertent and deliberateattacks and natural disasters with rapidcoping and restoration capabilities


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New Technologies

OE Smart Grid R&D: 2010-2014 MYPP


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Smart Grid Drivers

Reliability needs to be maintained or improved Aggressive greenhouse gas reduction goals

State law requires that green house gas emissionsbe reduced to 1990 levels by 2020. Further goal toreduce emissions to 80% below 1990 levels by

2050 Growing renewable energy mandates

20% of electricity must be from renewable sourcesby 2010. Governor has directed 33% renewablesby 2020.

Distributed generation growing rapidly

3,000 MW of solar photovoltaics by 2017

Push for more energy efficiency and demandresponse


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Grid Reliability

Average Cost for 1 hour of Power Interruption

INDUSTRY AMOUNT

Cellular communications $41,000

Telephone ticket sales $72,000

Airline reservation system $90,000

Semiconductor

manufacturer

$2,000,000

Credit card operation $2,580,000

Brokerage operation $6,480,000

Source: Resource Dynamics Corporation


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Power Grid Reliability

Insufficient Investment in Grid andLoad Growth

Diversification of Energy and StorageResources

More, larger and longer transfers

Volatility

Smaller margins


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Greenhouse Gas Reduction Goals

Increases in energy-related carbon dioxideemissions slow

Annual Energy Outlook 2010


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Renewables Gain Electricity Share

Annual Energy Outlook 2010


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Managing the Load Profile

Demand Response Non-emergency DR can reduce the need for additional

resources

Automatic or manual response by consumer


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Ideally Successful Load Management

Close coordination of all resources such as: Demand response

Storage

Electric vehicles

Objective:

Nearly flattened load profile

Initial improvement in reliability due to lower peak


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Current Power Portfolio

World

15 TW in 2004

85% from fossil fuels 37% petroleum

23% natural gas

25% coal

6% nuclear

9% renewables

4% biomass 3%hydro

0.5% solar

United States

3.35 TW in 2004

84.2% from fossil fuels 37.1% petroleum

23.8% natural gas

22.5% coal

8.5% nuclear

7.3% renewables

1.3% biomass 7% hydro

0.1% solar


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Future Power Trends

World

Current Trends 16.9 TW by 2030

28 TW by 2050

Renewables only 11.5 TW by 2030

United States

Current Trends 3.8 TW by 2030

Renewables only 1.8 TW by 2030


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Solar Cell Efficiency Chart


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Current Developments - PV

The current market leader in solar panel efficiency(measured by energy conversion ratio) is SunPower,a San Jose based company. Sunpower's cells have aconversion ratio of 24.2%, well above the marketaverage of 1218%.

Advances past this efficiency mark are being pursuedin academia and R&D labs with efficiencies of 42%achieved at the University of Delaware in conjunctionwith DuPont by means of concentration of light.

The highest efficiencies achieved withoutconcentration include Sharp Corporation at 35.8%using a proprietary triple-junction manufacturingtechnology in 2009


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Wind Power

Wind power is the conversion of wind energy into auseful form of energy, such as using wind turbines tomake electricity.

At the end of 2009, worldwide nameplate capacity ofwind-powered generators was 159.2 gigawatts (GW).

Energy production was 340 TWh, which is about 2%of worldwide electricity usage and has doubled in thepast three years.

Wind power is non-dispatchable, meaning that for

economic operation, all of the available output mustbe taken when it is available.


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Wind Power

Worldwide installed capacity 1996-2008

Source: Wikipedia


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Intermittency

Electricity generated from wind and solar power canbe highly variable.

Wind and solar power forecasting methods are used,but predictability of wind or solar plant output remains

low for short-term operation. Intermittency and the non-dispatchable nature ofwind and solar energy production can raise costs forregulation, incremental operating reserve, and couldrequire an increase in the already existing energy

demand management, load shedding, or storagesolutions.


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Intermittency

Instantaneous electrical generation andconsumption must remain in balance to maintaingrid stability, this variability can present substantialchallenges to incorporating large amounts of windpower into a grid system.


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Solving Intermittency Problem

Interconnect geographically-dispersed naturally-variable energy sources (e.g., wind, solar, wave,tidal), which smoothes out electricity supply (anddemand) significantly.

Use complementary and non-variable energy sources

(such as hydroelectric power) to fill temporary gapsbetween demand and wind or solar generation.

Use smart demand-response management to shiftflexible loads to a time when more renewable energy

is available. Store electric power, at the site of generation, (in

batteries, hydrogen gas, compressed air, pumpedhydroelectirc power, and flywheels), for later use.


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Solving Intermittency

Over-size renewable peak generation capacity tominimize the times when available renewable poweris less than demand and to provide spare power toproduce hydrogen for flexible transportation and heat

uses. Store electric power in electric-vehicle batteries,

known as "vehicle to grid" (V2G).

Forecast the weather (winds, sunlight, waves, tides

and precipitation) to better plan for energy supplyneeds.


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DESERTEC project

DESERTEC is a concept proposed by theDESERTEC Foundation for making use of solarenergy and wind energy in the deserts worldwide.

This concept will be implemented in North Africa andMiddle East.

Under the DESERTEC proposal, concentrating solarpower systems, PV systems and wind parks wouldbe located on 6,500 square miles (17,000 km2) in theSahara Desert

Produced electricity would be transmitted toEuropean and African countries by a super grid ofhigh-voltage direct current cables.


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DESERTEC Project

Euro-Supergrid with a EU-MEN

A-Connection proposed by TREC


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Grid Energy Storage


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Electricity Storage by Technology

Power Applications

Rated for onehour or less

Energy Applications Rated for longer

Periods


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Energy Storage

Technologies Pumped Hydro

Compressed Air Energy Storage

Electromechanical /Super Capacitors Flywheels

Thermal Storage

ICE Storage

Solar Hot Water


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Energy Storage

The main problem with most of thesestorage technologies is high cost. Withthe exception of pumped storage

hydroelectric technology and perhapsCAES, the other storage technologiescost over 20c/kWh of cycled energy.


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Energy Storage

Batteries Lead-Acid ( Valve-regulated lead acid,

Gel-type)

Flow ( total energy is provided by areservoir of rechargeable electrolytethat can be as large as needed)

Zinc-Bromine

Vanadium-RedoxSodium-Bromide


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Energy Storage

AdvancedLi-ion

Lithium polymer

Nickel metal hydride

Sodium Sulfur


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Storage Technology


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Top Smart Grid Federal Stimulus

Investments by Country in 2010 (in U.S.Millions)

China: $7,323

US: $7,092 (loan guarantees, demo

grants, and renewable tax credits) Japan: $849

South Korea: $824

Spain: $807(Germany: $397, Australia: $360, UK: $290,France: $265, Brazil: $204)


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Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E)

Largest planned implementation of SmartMeters technology in the U.S. to date 10.3 million meters

The program will pay for itself over its 20year useful life through operationalsavings, demand response, and energyefficiency


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Southern California Edison (SCE)

SCE will install 5 million of the Smart Metersbetween 2009 and 2012.

Advanced metering program could reducepeak power consumption by as much as1,000 megawatts


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San Diego Gas & Electric (SDG&E)

In March San Diego Gas & Electric(SDG&E) started rolling out 2.3 millionelectric and gas meters at its customershomes.

The overall savings to customers willoutweigh upfront costs (over the 32-yearlife of the smart meter system) by $60million to $65 million.


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Smart Grid Benefits

The SmartMeter technology mix will evolveto take advantage of rapidly evolvingtechnologies

Technologies deployed through theSmartMeter program establish a platform forfuture innovations that will benefit ourcustomers, our operations, and the State ofCalifornia


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Smart Grid Benefits

Reduced labor costs due to remote meterreads

Reduced infrastructure replacement costsas some peak usage is shifted to off-peak

Reducing stress on the power deliverysystem

Reduced need to purchase expensivewholesale power to address rapidly risingpeak demand.


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Smart Grid Challenges

What are the challenges to SmartGrid deployment?

Development and harmonization of national and

international standards

Cyber Security

Regulatory and safety

Unclear definition of Smart Grid architecture and

business models Integration with legacy systems

Interoperability


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Smart Grid Challenges

Wide scope of technologies and domain

Develop hardware and software, sensorsand algorithms and data acquisition and data

management tools for accomplishing real-time communications and controls fortransmission, distribution, and customeroperations


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Thank you!

Documents

NUST Presentation - Smart Grid - Feb 10, 2011